Metabolism of D-glucuronolactone in mammalian systems. Inhibitory properties of the products of D-glucuronolactone-dehydrogenase action

Exploring the mechanism of Huanglian ointment in alleviating wound healing after anal fistula surgery through metabolomics and proteomics

Anal fistula is a common anal and intestinal disease. The wound of anal fistula surgery is open and polluting, which is the most difficult to heal among all surgical incisions. To investigate the mechanism of Huanglian ointment (HLO) on wound healing after anal fistula incision. The S. aureus infected wound in SD rats were used to imitate poor healing wound after anal fistula surgery. SD rats with wound sites (n = 24) were randomly divided into four groups (Control group, Model group, Potassium permanganate (PP) treatment group, and HLO treatment group). The wound healing rate was evaluated, HE staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes of each group, ELISA was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory factors in each group, and the mechanism was explored through metabolomics and proteomics in plasma rat. Compared to other groups, the rate of wound healing in the HLO group was higher on days 7 and 14. Histological analysis showed that collagen and fibroblast in HLO rats were significantly increased, inflammatory cells were reduced, and vascular endothelial permeability was increased. ELISA results showed that the secretion of inflammatory factors in HLO rats was significantly lower. Significant proteins and metabolites were identified in the wound tissues of the infected rats and HLO-treated rats, which were mainly attributed to Cdc42, Ctnnb1, Actr2, Actr3, Arpc1b, Itgam, Itgb2, Cttn, Linoleic acid metabolism, d-Glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, Phenylalanine metabolism, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, and Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. In conclusion, this study showed that HLO can promote S. aureus infected wound healing, and the data provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of wounds after anal fistula surgery with HLO.

Clinical enzymology: an autobiographical history

In this paper, I review the origins of Clinical Enzymology with special emphasis on the years between 1960 and 1980 when the greatest advances in the subject took place. These are described in relation to my own research interests and contributions, focusing upon subclinical hepatic damage caused by viral infection and by alcohol; myocardial infarction; detection of cervical carcinoma by vaginal fluid analysis; evaluation of pancreatic function; and the clinical implications of microsomal enzyme induction. Reasons are proposed for the failure of enzymology to attain the status of an autonomous medical specialty, in contrast to the success of similar fields of knowledge that grew up in the same era.

Biosynthesis of D-glucaric acid in mammals: a free-radical mechanism?

In the presence of iron salts and hydrogen peroxide, D-glucuronic acid was converted into D-glucaric acid. The reaction was strongly inhibited by free-radical scavengers and is ascribed to the action of the hydroxyl radical. The formation of D-glucarate was dependent upon pH and occurred in the presence of some iron-complexing agents. The first product of oxidation was a lactone that was a strong inhibitor of beta-D-glucuronidase and assumed to be D-glucaro-1,5-lactone. Microsomal preparations in the presence of NADPH also produced D-glucarate from D-glucuronic acid, presumably due to formation of hydrogen peroxide, and the product was an inhibitor of beta-D-glucuronidase. Superoxide did not produce D-glucarate from D-glucuronate. The cytochrome P450 system is more likely than "glucuronolactone dehydrogenase" to be responsible for the production of D-glucaric acid in vivo.

Biochemical and morphological effects of long-term inhalation exposure of rats to ethylbenzene

Male Wistar rats were exposed (six hours/day, five days/week) to 0, 50, 300 or 600 p.p.m. of ethylbenzene vapour in the air, and killed after 2, 5, 9 or 16 weeks of exposure. After 600 p.p.m., liver-microsomal protein but not cytochrome P-450 concn. was slightly increased; NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was increased maximally by 30% (1.3-fold), 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (1.8-fold) and UDPG-transferase (2.3-fold). The increase in liver-cytosolic D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase paralleled the glucuronidation activity (less than or equal to 2-fold). In the kidneys, only 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (less than or equal to 3.5-fold) and UDPG-transferase (less than or equal to 1.8-fold) showed dose-related increases. Ethylbenzene exposure did not deplete hepatic glutathione (GSH); kidney GSH was slightly increased (less than or equal to 1.3-fold) according to dose. Urine excretion of thioethers was increased with dose, and at 600 p.p.m. was eight times control levels. At 600 p.p.m. there was no increase in serum alanine aminotransferase activity, and liver cells showed slight proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, slight degranulation and splitting of rough endoplasmic reticulum and enlarged mitochondria, but no necrosis.

Ultrastructural analysis of membrane-bound polysomes in human myeloma cells

We prepared ultra-thin sections of human myeloma cells, in which the rER was cut tangentially, and studied the make-up and distribution of membrane-bound polysomes electromicroscopically. In IgG myeloma large and small polysomes were detected. The polysome distribution curve showed a high peak at 7 ribosomes and a lower peak at 17-18 ribosomes. IgA-, IgD- and IgE myeloma, as well as macroglobulinemia, showed peaks at 7 and 13 ribosomes. BJP myeloma manifested a sharp peak only at 7 ribosomes. Our results suggest that BJP myeloma has only small polysomes participating in L-chain synthesis, while the other myelomas exhibited large and small polysomes participating in H- and L-chain synthesis, respectively. The quantitative ratio of small and large polysomes was determined on the basis of an analytically corrected direct count.

Biochemical functions of corrinoid compounds. The sixth Hopkins memorial lecture

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