1
|
Extruded polysaccharide/protein matrix from Arthrospira platensis cultures mediated silver nanoparticles biosynthesis and capping. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
2
|
Safi C, Olivieri G, Engelen-Smit N, Spekking W, Veloo R, den Broek LAMV, Sijtsma L. Effect of growth conditions on the efficiency of cell disruption of Neochloris oleoabundans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122699. [PMID: 31901515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of four different growth conditions on the cell disruption efficiency of Neochloris oleoabundans was investigated. A mechanical and biological cell disruption methods were evaluated separately and combined. It has been established that microalgae grown in marine water under nitrogen deprivation were the most resistant against cell disruption methods and released the lowest amount of proteins. The release of lipids, however, followed the "hindered molecule diffusion phenomenon" because it did not follow the same release pattern as proteins. The enzymatic treatment was efficient enough to release the majority of the proteins without combining it with high-pressure homogenization. Regarding energy input, Neochloris oleoabundans grown in marine water under nitrogen deprivation required the highest energy input to release proteins (Ep = 13.76 kWh.kg-1) and to break the cells by high-pressure homogenization (Ex - HPH = 1.14 kWh.kg-1) or by the combination of enzymes and High-pressure homogenization (Ex - ENZ = 2.79 kWh.kg-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Safi
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Olivieri
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, P.O. Box 8129, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale - Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II - Piazzale V, Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Engelen-Smit
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Spekking
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Veloo
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L A M van den Broek
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Sijtsma
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martone PT, Janot K, Fujita M, Wasteneys G, Ruel K, Joseleau JP, Estevez JM. Cellulose-rich secondary walls in wave-swept red macroalgae fortify flexible tissues. PLANTA 2019; 250:1867-1879. [PMID: 31482328 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic secondary walls evolved convergently in coralline red macroalgae, reinforcing tissues against wave-induced breakage, despite differences in cellulose abundance, microfibril orientation, and wall structure. Cellulose-enriched secondary cell walls are the hallmark of woody vascular plants, which develop thickened walls to support upright growth and resist toppling in terrestrial environments. Here we investigate the striking presence and convergent evolution of cellulosic secondary walls in coralline red algae, which reinforce thalli against forces applied by crashing waves. Despite ostensible similarities to secondary wall synthesis in land plants, we note several structural and mechanical differences. In coralline red algae, secondary walls contain three-times more cellulose (~ 22% w/w) than primary walls (~ 8% w/w), and their presence nearly doubles the total thickness of cell walls (~ 1.2 µm thick). Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that cellulose bundles are cylindrical and lack any predominant orientation in both primary and secondary walls. His-tagged recombinant carbohydrate-binding module differentiated crystalline and amorphous cellulose in planta, noting elevated levels of crystalline cellulose in secondary walls. With the addition of secondary cell walls, Calliarthron genicular tissues become significantly stronger and tougher, yet remain remarkably extensible, more than doubling in length before breaking under tension. Thus, the development of secondary walls contributes to the strong-yet-flexible genicular tissues that enable coralline red algae to survive along wave-battered coastlines throughout the NE Pacific. This study provides an important evolutionary perspective on the development and biomechanical significance of secondary cell walls in a non-model, non-vascular plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Martone
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kyra Janot
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Miki Fujita
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Wasteneys
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Katia Ruel
- E.I. LINK-Conseil, 349 rue du Mont-Blanc, 38570, Le Cheylas, France
| | | | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Concentration and purification of Porphyridium cruentum exopolysaccharides by membrane filtration at various cross-flow velocities. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Garcia ES, van Leeuwen JJA, Safi C, Sijtsma L, van den Broek LAM, Eppink MHM, Wijffels RH, van den Berg C. Techno-Functional Properties of Crude Extracts from the Green Microalga Tetraselmis suecica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7831-7838. [PMID: 29976070 PMCID: PMC6150664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mild fractionation process to extract functional biomolecules from green microalgae was implemented. The process includes bead milling, centrifugation, and filtration with several membrane cut-offs. For each fraction, the corresponding composition was measured, and the surface activity and gelation behavior were determined. A maximum protein yield of 12% was obtained in the supernatant after bead milling and between 3.2 and 11.7% after filtration. Compared to whey protein isolate, most of the algae fractions exhibited comparable or enhanced functionality. Surface activity for air-water and oil-water interfaces and gelation activities were notably superior for the retentate fractions compared to the permeates. It is proposed that such functionality in the retentates is due to the presence of hydrophobic compounds and molecular complexes exhibiting a similar behavior as Pickering particles. We demonstrated that excellent functionality can be obtained with crude fractions, requiring minimum processing and, thus, constituting an interesting option for commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Suarez Garcia
- Bioprocess
Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. J. A. van Leeuwen
- Wageningen
Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen
University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C. Safi
- Wageningen
Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen
University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L. Sijtsma
- Wageningen
Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen
University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L. A. M. van den Broek
- Wageningen
Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen
University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. H. M. Eppink
- Bioprocess
Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. H. Wijffels
- Bioprocess
Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Nord
University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, N-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - C. van den Berg
- Bioprocess
Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Safi C, Olivieri G, Campos RP, Engelen-Smit N, Mulder WJ, van den Broek LAM, Sijtsma L. Biorefinery of microalgal soluble proteins by sequential processing and membrane filtration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:151-158. [PMID: 27888732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A mild biorefinery process was investigated on the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana, to obtain an enriched fraction of water soluble proteins free from chlorophyll. After harvesting, a 100g.L-1 solution of cells was first subjected to cell disruption by either high-pressure homogenization (HPH) or enzymatic treatment (ENZ). HPH resulted in a larger release of proteins (49%) in the aqueous phase compared to the Alcalase incubation (35%). In both cases, an ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) was then performed on the supernatant obtained from cell disruption by testing different membrane cut-off (1000kDa, 500kDa and 300kDa). After optimising the process conditions, the combination of ENZ→UF/DF ended in a larger overall yield of water soluble proteins (24.8%) in the permeate compared to the combination of HPH→UF/DF (17.4%). A gel polarization model was implemented to assess the maximum achievable concentration factor during ultrafiltration and the mass transfer coefficient related to the theoretical permeation flux rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Safi
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, AlgaePARC, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Olivieri
- Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - R P Campos
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, AlgaePARC, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Engelen-Smit
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, AlgaePARC, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J Mulder
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, AlgaePARC, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L A M van den Broek
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, AlgaePARC, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Sijtsma
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, AlgaePARC, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Overview of microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their applications. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1225-1244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMB, de Morais RMSC. Marine polysaccharides from algae with potential biomedical applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2967-3028. [PMID: 25988519 PMCID: PMC4446615 DOI: 10.3390/md13052967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current tendency towards bioactive natural products with applications in various industries, such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics and food. This has put some emphasis in research on marine organisms, including macroalgae and microalgae, among others. Polysaccharides with marine origin constitute one type of these biochemical compounds that have already proved to have several important properties, such as anticoagulant and/or antithrombotic, immunomodulatory ability, antitumor and cancer preventive, antilipidaemic and hypoglycaemic, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, making them promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of applications. Their properties are mainly due to their structure and physicochemical characteristics, which depend on the organism they are produced by. In the biomedical field, the polysaccharides from algae can be used in controlled drug delivery, wound management, and regenerative medicine. This review will focus on the biomedical applications of marine polysaccharides from algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alcina Maria Bernardo de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Manuel Santos Costa de Morais
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marcati A, Ursu AV, Laroche C, Soanen N, Marchal L, Jubeau S, Djelveh G, Michaud P. Extraction and fractionation of polysaccharides and B-phycoerythrin from the microalga Porphyridium cruentum by membrane technology. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Bioactivity and applications of sulphated polysaccharides from marine microalgae. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:233-52. [PMID: 23344113 PMCID: PMC3564169 DOI: 10.3390/md11010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae have been used for a long time as food for humans, such as Arthrospira (formerly, Spirulina), and for animals in aquaculture. The biomass of these microalgae and the compounds they produce have been shown to possess several biological applications with numerous health benefits. The present review puts up-to-date the research on the biological activities and applications of polysaccharides, active biocompounds synthesized by marine unicellular algae, which are, most of the times, released into the surrounding medium (exo- or extracellular polysaccharides, EPS). It goes through the most studied activities of sulphated polysaccharides (sPS) or their derivatives, but also highlights lesser known applications as hypolipidaemic or hypoglycaemic, or as biolubricant agents and drag-reducers. Therefore, the great potentials of sPS from marine microalgae to be used as nutraceuticals, therapeutic agents, cosmetics, or in other areas, such as engineering, are approached in this review.
Collapse
|
11
|
Serive B, Kaas R, Bérard JB, Pasquet V, Picot L, Cadoret JP. Selection and optimisation of a method for efficient metabolites extraction from microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 124:311-320. [PMID: 22989659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the use of microalgae for biofuel production and carbon dioxide sequestration has become a challenge worldwide. Processing costs are still too high for these methods to be profitable though, leading to a need to find high value by-products to optimise the added value of this biomass. For high-throughput screening of such metabolites, it is essential to reach the inner content of the cell. This paper presents research and development of a technique enabling a high extraction yield of any metabolite, taking into account the difficulty of extracting bound and or inaccessible molecules with a wide variety of polarities. To this end, several disruption techniques were tested at laboratory scale on two biological models: Porphyridium purpureum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. A mixer mill gave the best results, offering access to a broad diversity of metabolites from microalgae for high-throughput screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Serive
- IFREMER, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie des Algues, 44311 Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Red algae (Rhodophyta) are known as the source of unique sulfated galactans, such as agar, agarose, and carrageenans. The wide practical uses of these polysaccharides are based on their ability to form strong gels in aqueous solutions. Gelling polysaccharides usually have molecules built up of repeating disaccharide units with a regular distribution of sulfate groups, but most of the red algal species contain more complex galactans devoid of gelling ability because of various deviations from the regular structure. Moreover, several red algae may contain sulfated mannans or neutral xylans instead of sulfated galactans as the main structural polysaccharides. This chapter is devoted to a description of the structural diversity of polysaccharides found in the red algae, with special emphasis on the methods of structural analysis of sulfated galactans. In addition to the structural information, some data on the possible use of red algal polysaccharides as biologically active polymers or as taxonomic markers are briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Arad S(M, Levy-Ontman O. Red microalgal cell-wall polysaccharides: biotechnological aspects. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:358-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Lapidot M, Shrestha RP, Weinstein Y, Arad S. Red Microalgae: From Basic Know-How to Biotechnology. CELLULAR ORIGIN, LIFE IN EXTREME HABITATS AND ASTROBIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3795-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
15
|
Arad SM, Rapoport L, Moshkovich A, van Moppes D, Karpasas M, Golan R, Golan Y. Superior biolubricant from a species of red microalga. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:7313-7. [PMID: 16893231 DOI: 10.1021/la060600x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The rheological properties of the sulfated polysaccharide of the red microalga Porphyridium sp., a heteropolymer with a molecular weight of 3-5 x 10(6) Da, indicated that this material might be an excellent candidate for lubrication applications: the viscosity of the polysaccharide is stable over a range of temperatures, pH values, and salinities. In this study, various rheological and lubricant properties of the polysaccharide were evaluated in comparison with those of a widely used biolubricant, hyaluronic acid. The viscosity of the Porphyridium sp. polysaccharide remained essentially unchanged in a temperature range of 25-70 degrees C. In tribology tests on a ball-on-flat ceramic pair, the values for the friction coefficient and wear rate for the pair lubricated with polysaccharide were remarkably lower than those for hyaluronic acid, especially at high loads. In a test on a steel ring/ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) block pair, the wear tracks on the surface of the UHMWPE were more pronounced for hyaluronic acid than for the polysaccharide. Atomic force microscopy showed that the polysaccharide was effectively adsorbed onto mica surfaces, forming ultrathin coating layers in the nanometer range. As is required for biolubricant applications, the polysaccharide was not degraded by hyaluronidase. The stability of the Porphyridium sp. polysaccharide to heat and to hyaluronidase combined with its ability to reduce friction and wear indicate its potential as an advantageous biolubricant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Malis Arad
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. arad@ bgu.ac.il
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eteshola E, Gottlieb M, Arad S(M. Dilute solution viscosity of red microalga exopolysaccharide. Chem Eng Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(95)00305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Geresh S, Dubinsky O, Arad SM, Christiaen D, Glaser R. Structure of 3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-L-galactopyranose, an aldobiouronic acid isolated from the polysaccharides of various unicellular red algae. Carbohydr Res 1990; 208:301-5. [PMID: 2085816 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80116-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Geresh
- Institutes for Applied Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Polysaccharides in desert reclamation: Compositions of exocellular proteoglycan complexes produced by filamentous blue-green and unicellular green edaphic algae. Carbohydr Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)84128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Jaseja M, Perlin AS, Dubinsky O, Christiaen D, Arad S(M, Glaser R. N.m.r. structure determination of 3-O-(α-d-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-l-galactopyranose, an aldobiuronic acid isolated from the unicellular red alga Rhodella reticulata. Carbohydr Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)84045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
|
22
|
Kunz H, Waldmann H. Die Allylgruppe als mild und selektiv abspaltbare Carboxy-Schutzgruppe zur Synthese empfindlicherO-Glycopeptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19840960108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Ferguson MA, Allen AK, Snary D. Studies on the structure of a phosphoglycoprotein from the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochem J 1983; 213:313-9. [PMID: 6351838 PMCID: PMC1152130 DOI: 10.1042/bj2130313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A glycoprotein (GP72) has been isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi and found to contain 41% protein, 49% carbohydrate and 10% phosphate. All phosphate was covalently attached to the carbohydrate which contained the following sugars: ribose, xylose, fucose, galactose, mannose, glucose and glucosamine. The carbohydrate side chains were linked to protein by fucose, xylose and N-acetylglucosamine; 50% of the total N-acetylglucosamine was involved in glycoprotein linkages. Two classes of carbohydrate side chains were detected. One class comprised 15% of the total carbohydrate and contained glucosamine, mannose and galactose; some of these chains were phosphorylated. The other class comprised 85% of the total carbohydrate and contained xylose, ribose, fucose, galactose, mannose, glucosamine and phosphate; these chains were antigenic and reacted with a monoclonal antibody with specificity for the whole glycoprotein.
Collapse
|
24
|
Calhoon RE, Aaronson S. Evidence for affinities among major taxa from the analysis of amino acid frequencies in glycoproteins from cell surface structures. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981; 361:472-80. [PMID: 6941735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb46539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
25
|
Calhoon RE, Aaronson S. EVIDENCE FOR AFFINITIES AMONG MAJOR TAXA FROM THE ANALYSIS OF AMINO ACID FREQUENCIES IN GLYCOPROTEINS FROM CELL SURFACE STRUCTURES. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb54385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Percival E, Foyle R. The extracellular polysaccharides of porphyridium cruentum and porphyridium aerugineum. Carbohydr Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Green JR, Northcote DH. The structure and function of glycoproteins synthesized during slime-polysaccharide production by membranes of the root-cap cells of maize (Zea mays). Biochem J 1978; 170:599-608. [PMID: 646802 PMCID: PMC1183937 DOI: 10.1042/bj1700599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the maize root slime polysaccharides was investigated by using [1-3H]-fucose as a marker for slime production. Three fractions were separated by centrifugation in a CsCl density gradient. Two of these were glycoproteins and occurred within the membranes of the cells of the root tip; the third was the slime polysaccharides. Radioactive pulse-chase experiments showed that the glycoproteins were precursors of the slime polysaccharides, and the carbohydrate portion of the glycoproteins had a similar composition to that of the free slime. The linkage between the protein and the carbohydrate of one of the glycoproteins was shown to be a xylose-threonine bond. It is postulated that the slime polysaccharides are synthesized and transported on proteins within the membrane system of the root tip.
Collapse
|