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Kaur G, Wu B, Murali S, Lanigan T, Coleman RM. A synthetic, closed-looped gene circuit for the autonomous regulation of RUNX2 activity during chondrogenesis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23484. [PMID: 38407380 PMCID: PMC10981937 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300348rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor RUNX2 is a key regulator of chondrocyte phenotype during development, making it an ideal target for prevention of undesirable chondrocyte maturation in cartilage tissue-engineering strategies. Here, we engineered an autoregulatory gene circuit (cisCXp-shRunx2) that negatively controls RUNX2 activity in chondrogenic cells via RNA interference initiated by a tunable synthetic Col10a1-like promoter (cisCXp). The cisCXp-shRunx2 gene circuit is designed based on the observation that induced RUNX2 silencing after early chondrogenesis enhances the accumulation of cartilaginous matrix in ATDC5 cells. We show that the cisCXp-shRunx2 initiates RNAi of RUNX2 in maturing chondrocytes in response to the increasing intracellular RUNX2 activity without interfering with early chondrogenesis. The induced loss of RUNX2 activity in turn negatively regulates the gene circuit itself. Moreover, the efficacy of RUNX2 suppression from cisCXp-shRunx2 can be controlled by modifying the sensitivity of cisCXp promoter. Finally, we show the efficacy of inhibiting RUNX2 in preventing matrix loss in human mesenchymal stem cell-derived (hMSC-derived) cartilage under conditions that induce chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, including inflammation. Overall, our results demonstrated that the negative modulation of RUNX2 activity with our autoregulatory gene circuit enhanced matrix synthesis and resisted ECM degradation by reprogrammed MSC-derived chondrocytes in response to the microenvironment of the degenerative joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Biming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sunjana Murali
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Lanigan
- Biomedical Research Vector Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rhima M. Coleman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2
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Wells LM, Roberts HC, Luyten FP, Roberts SJ. Identifying Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 as a Mediator of Periosteal Osteochondral Differentiation through the Construction of microRNA-Based Interaction Networks. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1381. [PMID: 37997980 PMCID: PMC10669632 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Human periosteum-derived progenitor cells (hPDCs) have the ability to differentiate towards both the chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. This coordinated and complex osteochondrogenic differentiation process permits endochondral ossification and is essential in bone development and repair. We have previously shown that humanised cultures of hPDCs enhance their osteochondrogenic potentials in vitro and in vivo; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify novel regulators of hPDC osteochondrogenic differentiation through the construction of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks derived from hPDCs cultured in human serum or foetal bovine serum as an alternative in silico strategy to serum characterisation. Sixteen differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMis) were identified in the humanised culture. In silico analysis of the DEMis with TargetScan allowed for the identification of 1503 potential miRNA target genes. Upon comparison with a paired RNAseq dataset, a 4.5% overlap was observed (122 genes). A protein-protein interaction network created with STRING interestingly identified FGFR3 as a key network node, which was further predicted using multiple pathway analyses. Functional analysis revealed that hPDCs with the activating mutation FGFR3N540K displayed increased expressions of chondrogenic gene markers when cultured under chondrogenic conditions in vitro and displayed enhanced endochondral bone formation in vivo. A further histological analysis uncovered known downstream mediators involved in FGFR3 signalling and endochondral ossification to be upregulated in hPDC FGFR3N540K-seeded implants. This combinational approach of miRNA-mRNA-protein network analysis with in vitro and in vivo characterisation has permitted the identification of FGFR3 as a novel mediator of hPDC biology. Furthermore, this miRNA-based workflow may also allow for the identification of drug targets, which may be of relevance in instances of delayed fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M. Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
| | - Helen C. Roberts
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK;
| | - Frank P. Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre (SBE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Scott J. Roberts
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
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3
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Suito H, Fujikawa K, Ohsako M. Eccentric contractions during downhill running induce Osgood‒Schlatter disease in the tibial tuberosity in rats: a focus on histological structures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9863. [PMID: 37332037 PMCID: PMC10277288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD), a condition that affects adolescents, causes inflammation, pain, and prominence at the tibial tuberosity. The causes of OSD are not well understood, but eccentric contractions in the quadriceps have been suggested as a possible factor. To investigate this, a study was conducted in which 24 rats were divided into two groups: the downhill treadmill running (DR) group and the control (CO) group. The DR group underwent a preliminary running program for 1 week, followed by a main running program for 3 weeks. The results showed that the deep region of the tibial tuberosity in the DR group was larger than that in the CO group, and inflammatory cytokines involved in gene expression were upregulated in the DR group. The anterior articular cartilage and deep region in the DR group were also immunoreactive to substance P. Additionally, high-activity chondrocytes of small size were observed in the non-calcified matrix. Thus, the DR group exhibited symptoms similar to OSD, including inflammation, pain, and prominence. These findings suggest that eccentric contractions in the quadriceps may play a role in the development of OSD. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of this condition and develop effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirai Suito
- Graduate School of Human Life Design, Toyo University, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-Ku 115-8650, Tokyo, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowships DC, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Density, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ohsako
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Housmans BAC, Neefjes M, Surtel DAM, Vitík M, Cremers A, van Rhijn LW, van der Kraan PM, van den Akker GGH, Welting TJM. Synovial fluid from end-stage osteoarthritis induces proliferation and fibrosis of articular chondrocytes via MAPK and RhoGTPase signaling. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:862-874. [PMID: 35176481 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in the composition of synovial fluid have been associated with adverse effects on cartilage integrity and function. Here, we examined the phenotypic and proliferative behavior of human articular chondrocytes when cultured in vitro for 13 days with synovial fluid derived from end-stage osteoarthritis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chondrocyte proliferation and phenotypical changes induced by osteoarthritic synovial fluid were analyzed using DNA staining, RT-qPCR, immunostainings, and immunoblotting. The molecular mechanisms by which osteoarthritic synovial fluid induced fibrosis and proliferation were studied using a phospho-protein antibody array and luciferase-based transcription factor activity assays. Specific pathway inhibitors were used to probe the involvement of pathways in fibrosis and proliferation. RESULTS Prolonged stimulation with osteoarthritic synovial fluid sustained chondrocyte proliferation and induced profound phenotypic changes, favoring a fibrotic over a chondrogenic or hypertrophic phenotype. A clear loss of chondrogenic markers at both the transcriptional and protein level was observed, while expression of several fibrosis-associated markers were upregulated over time. Phospho-kinase analysis revealed activation of MAPK and RhoGTPase signaling pathways by osteoarthritic synovial fluid, which was confirmed by elevated transcriptional activity of Elk-1 and SRF. Inhibitor studies revealed that ERK played a central role in the loss of chondrocyte phenotype, while EGFR and downstream mediators p38, JNK and Rac/Cdc42 were essential for fibrosis-associated collagen expression. Finally, we identified EGF signaling as a key activator of chondrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Osteoarthritic synovial fluid promoted chondrocyte fibrosis and proliferation through EGF receptor activation and downstream MAPK and RhoGTPase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A C Housmans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Neefjes
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Vitík
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - G G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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5
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Marchini M, Ashkin MR, Bellini M, Sun MMG, Workentine ML, Okuyan HM, Krawetz R, Beier F, Rolian C. A Na +/K + ATPase Pump Regulates Chondrocyte Differentiation and Bone Length Variation in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:708384. [PMID: 34970538 PMCID: PMC8712571 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.708384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic and developmental mechanisms involved in limb formation are relatively well documented, but how these mechanisms are modulated by changes in chondrocyte physiology to produce differences in limb bone length remains unclear. Here, we used high throughput RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to probe the developmental genetic basis of variation in limb bone length in Longshanks, a mouse model of experimental evolution. We find that increased tibia length in Longshanks is associated with altered expression of a few key endochondral ossification genes such as Npr3, Dlk1, Sox9, and Sfrp1, as well reduced expression of Fxyd2, a facultative subunit of the cell membrane-bound Na+/K+ ATPase pump (NKA). Next, using murine tibia and cell cultures, we show a dynamic role for NKA in chondrocyte differentiation and in bone length regulation. Specifically, we show that pharmacological inhibition of NKA disrupts chondrocyte differentiation, by upregulating expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers (Prrx1, Serpina3n), downregulation of chondrogenesis marker Sox9, and altered expression of extracellular matrix genes (e.g., collagens) associated with proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Together, Longshanks and in vitro data suggest a broader developmental and evolutionary role of NKA in regulating limb length diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marchini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mitchell R Ashkin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melina Bellini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Man-Ger Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Lloyd Workentine
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hamza Malik Okuyan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Campbell Rolian
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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6
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Che X, Park NR, Jin X, Jung YK, Han MS, Park CY, Chun JS, Kim SG, Jin J, Kim HJ, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, Choi JY. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α is a novel inhibitor of chondrocyte maturation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6963-6973. [PMID: 33748969 PMCID: PMC8662706 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic environment is essential for chondrocyte maturation and longitudinal bone growth. Although hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif-1α) has been known as a key player for chondrocyte survival and function, the function of Hif-2α in cartilage is mechanistically and clinically relevant but remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that Hif-2α was a novel inhibitor of chondrocyte maturation through downregulation of Runx2 stability. Mechanistically, Hif-2α binding to Runx2 inhibited chondrocyte maturation by Runx2 degradation through disrupting Runx2/Cbfβ complex formation. The Hif-2α-mediated-Runx2 degradation could be rescued by Cbfβ transfection due to the increase of Runx2/Cbfβ complex formation. Consistently, mesenchymal cells derived from Hif-2α heterozygous mice were more rapidly differentiated into hypertrophic chondrocytes than those of wild-type mice in a micromass culture system. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Hif-2α is a novel inhibitor for chondrocyte maturation by disrupting Runx2/Cbfβ complex formation and consequential regulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Na-Rae Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Youn-Kwan Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- Cell Dynamics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingchun Jin
- Department of Immunology of Yanbian University Hospital, 133000, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Brulington, VT 05405, U.S.A
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Brulington, VT 05405, U.S.A
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Brulington, VT 05405, U.S.A
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
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Characterization of the Inducible and Slow-Releasing Hydrogen Sulfide and Persulfide Donor P*: Insights into Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071049. [PMID: 34209813 PMCID: PMC8300844 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important mediator of inflammatory processes. However, controversial findings also exist, and its underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Recently, the byproducts of H2S, per-/polysulfides, emerged as biological mediators themselves, highlighting the complex chemistry of H2S. In this study, we characterized the biological effects of P*, a slow-releasing H2S and persulfide donor. To differentiate between H2S and polysulfide-derived effects, we decomposed P* into polysulfides. P* was further compared to the commonly used fast-releasing H2S donor sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS). The effects on oxidative stress and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression were assessed in ATDC5 cells using superoxide measurement, qPCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. The findings on IL-6 expression were corroborated in primary chondrocytes from osteoarthritis patients. In ATDC5 cells, P* not only induced the expression of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 via per-/polysulfides, but also induced activation of Akt and p38 MAPK. NaHS and P* significantly impaired menadione-induced superoxide production. P* reduced IL-6 levels in both ATDC5 cells and primary chondrocytes dependent on H2S release. Taken together, P* provides a valuable research tool for the investigation of H2S and per-/polysulfide signaling. These data demonstrate the importance of not only H2S, but also per-/polysulfides as bioactive signaling molecules with potent anti-inflammatory and, in particular, antioxidant properties.
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8
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Jeon SY, Yu SH, Lee BS, Kim HJ, Kim CG, Jang EJ, Lee JJ, Kim DS, Kim MR. Chondroprotective effect of Alpinia oxyphylla extract in experimentally induced cartilage degradation in rabbit articular cartilage explants. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13713. [PMID: 33818795 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla is a widely used medicinal herb for diarrhea, gastralgia, tumors, hypertention, and cerebrovascular disorders. Here, we evaluated the chondroprotective effect of A. oxyphylla dried fruit ethanol extract (AOE) against cartilage degradation in rabbit articular cartilage explants. Treatment of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and plasminogen increased degraded collagen release in culture supernatants, but pretreatment of AOE (50, 100, 200 µg/ml) inhibited the collagen release in dose-dependent manner. To examine the mechanism of action of AOE on chondroprotection, the level of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1), and inflammatory mediators like prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated. AOE inhibited upregulation of MMP-3 and MMP-13 and downregulation of TIMP-1 and also reduced increase of PGE2 and NO level induced by exposure of IL-1α and plasminogen. These results indicate that AOE show chondroprotective effect through inhibiting collagen degradation via regulating MMPs, TIMP-1, and inflammatory mediators. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a one of the most common chronic disorders in elderly persons. Because the regenerative power of joint articular cartilage is very low, treatment of OA is difficult to expect complete recovery. Therefore, there is a need to develop a therapeutic agent that can safely and effectively inhibit the cartilage destruction. For the first time, we exhibited the inhibitory effect of AOE on collagen degradation through regulating MMPs and TIMP-1 in articular cartilage explants. These findings support AOE could be used as herbal therapeutic application for protecting articular cartilage to prevent OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yeong Jeon
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd, Cheonan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Yu
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd, Cheonan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Su Lee
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd, Cheonan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd, Cheonan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geon Kim
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd, Cheonan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Jang
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd, Cheonan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jun Lee
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd, Cheonan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Kim
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd, Cheonan-Si, Republic of Korea
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9
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Govoni M, Muscari C, Bonafè F, Morselli PG, Cortesi M, Dallari D, Giordano E. A brief very-low oxygen tension regimen is sufficient for the early chondrogenic commitment of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:98-104. [PMID: 33461101 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects exerted over chondrogenic commitment of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) by a very low oxygen tension (<1% pO2). MATERIALS/METHODS Cell morphology, mRNA levels of chondrocyte-specific marker genes and the involvement of p38 MAPK signalling were monitored in human ADSCs under a very low oxygen tension. RESULTS Cell morphology was significantly changed after two days of hypoxic preconditioning when they featured as elongated spindle-shaped cells. SRY-box containing gene 9, aggrecan and collagen type II mRNA levels were enhanced under severe hypoxic culture conditions. Moreover, the inhibition of p38 MAPK resulted in a substantial reduction in transcription of the above-mentioned specific genes, proving the pivotal role of this pathway in the transcriptional regulation of chondrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Here, we propose a protocol showing the early commitment of stem cells towards the chondrogenic phenotype in only 2 days of culture via a very low hypoxic environment, in the absence of growth factors added in the culture medium.
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10
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van Eegher S, Perez-Lozano ML, Toillon I, Valour D, Pigenet A, Citadelle D, Bourrier C, Courtade-Gaïani S, Grégoire L, Cléret D, Malbos S, Nourissat G, Sautet A, Lafage-Proust MH, Pastoureau P, Rolland-Valognes G, De Ceuninck F, Berenbaum F, Houard X. The differentiation of prehypertrophic into hypertrophic chondrocytes drives an OA-remodeling program and IL-34 expression. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:257-268. [PMID: 33301945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that chondrocytes from the deepest articular cartilage layer are pivotal in maintaining cartilage integrity and that the modification of their prehypertrophic phenotype to a hypertrophic phenotype will drive cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. DESIGN Murine immature articular chondrocytes (iMACs) were successively cultured into three different culture media to induce a progressive hypertrophic differentiation. Chondrocyte were phenotypically characterized by whole-genome microarray analysis. The expression of IL-34 and its receptors PTPRZ1 and CSF1R in chondrocytes and in human osteoarthritis tissues was assessed by RT-qPCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The expression of bone remodeling and angiogenesis factors and the cell response to IL-1β and IL-34 were investigated by RT-qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS Whole-genome microarray analysis showed that iMACs, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes each displayed a specific phenotype. IL-1β induced a stronger catabolic effect in prehypertrophic chondrocytes than in iMACs. Hypertrophic differentiation of prehypertrophic chondrocytes increased Bmp-2 (95%CI [0.78; 1.98]), Bmp-4 (95%CI [0.89; 1.59]), Cxcl12 (95%CI [2.19; 5.41]), CCL2 (95%CI [3.59; 11.86]), Mmp 3 (95%CI [10.29; 32.14]) and Vegf mRNA expression (95%CI [0.20; 1.74]). Microarray analysis identified IL-34, PTPRZ1 and CSFR1 as being strongly overexpressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes. IL-34 was released by human osteoarthritis cartilage; its receptors were expressed in human osteoarthritis tissues. IL-34 stimulated CCL2 and MMP13 in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes but not in iMACs or prehypertrophic chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Our results identify prehypertrophic chondrocytes as being potentially pivotal in the control of cartilage and subchondral bone integrity. Their differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes initiates a remodeling program in which IL-34 may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Eegher
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - M-L Perez-Lozano
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - I Toillon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - D Valour
- Servier Research Institute, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - A Pigenet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - D Citadelle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - C Bourrier
- Servier Research Institute, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - L Grégoire
- Soladis, 94 Rue Saint-Lazare, F-75009, Paris, France
| | - D Cléret
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - S Malbos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - G Nourissat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France; Clinique Maussins-Nollet, Ramsay Générale de Santé, F-75019, Paris, France
| | - A Sautet
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, APHP Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - M-H Lafage-Proust
- Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1059, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - P Pastoureau
- Servier Research Institute, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - F De Ceuninck
- Servier Research Institute, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - F Berenbaum
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM CRSA, AP-HP Hopital Saint Antoine, Paris.
| | - X Houard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012, Paris, France
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11
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Dennis EP, Edwards SM, Jackson RM, Hartley CL, Tsompani D, Capulli M, Teti A, Boot-Handford RP, Young DA, Piróg KA, Briggs MD. CRELD2 Is a Novel LRP1 Chaperone That Regulates Noncanonical WNT Signaling in Skeletal Development. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1452-1469. [PMID: 32181934 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains 2 (CRELD2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone highly activated under ER stress in conditions such as chondrodysplasias; however, its role in healthy skeletal development is unknown. We show for the first time that cartilage-specific deletion of Creld2 results in disrupted endochondral ossification and short limbed dwarfism, whereas deletion of Creld2 in bone results in osteopenia, with a low bone density and altered trabecular architecture. Our study provides the first evidence that CRELD2 promotes the differentiation and maturation of skeletal cells by modulating noncanonical WNT4 signaling regulated by p38 MAPK. Furthermore, we show that CRELD2 is a novel chaperone for the receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), promoting its transport to the cell surface, and that LRP1 directly regulates WNT4 expression in chondrocytes through TGF-β1 signaling. Therefore, our data provide a novel link between an ER-resident chaperone and the essential WNT signaling pathways active during skeletal differentiation that could be applicable in other WNT-responsive tissues. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella P Dennis
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah M Edwards
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert M Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire L Hartley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dimitra Tsompani
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mattia Capulli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - David A Young
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katarzyna A Piróg
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael D Briggs
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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12
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Twomey-Kozak J, Desai S, Liu W, Li NY, Lemme N, Chen Q, Owens BD, Jayasuriya CT. Distal-Less Homeobox 5 Is a Therapeutic Target for Attenuating Hypertrophy and Apoptosis of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144823. [PMID: 32650430 PMCID: PMC7404054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) pathology. In the present study, we elucidated the mechanism underlying the relationship between the hypertrophy/apoptotic phenotype and OA pathogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) via gene targeting of distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5). Our primary objectives were (1) to determine whether DLX5 is a predictive biomarker of cellular hypertrophy in human osteoarthritic tissues; (2) To determine whether modulating DLX5 activity can regulate cell hypertrophy in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells from marrow and cartilage. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differences in the RNA expression profile between human-cartilage-derived mesenchymal progenitors (C-PCs) and bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitors (BM-MSCs). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to compare molecular pathways known to regulate hypertrophic terminal cell differentiation. RT-qPCR was used to measure DLX5 and hypertrophy marker COL10 in healthy human chondrocytes and OA chondrocytes. DLX5 was knocked down or overexpressed in BM-MSCs and C-PCs and RT-qPCR were used to measure the expression of hypertrophy/terminal differentiation markers following DLX5 modulation. Apoptotic cell activity was characterized by immunostaining for cleaved caspase 3/7. We demonstrate that DLX5 and downstream hypertrophy markers were significantly upregulated in BM-MSCs, relative to C-PCs. DLX5 and COL10 were also significantly upregulated in cells from OA knee joint tissues, relative to normal non-arthritic joint tissues. Knocking down DLX5 in BM-MSCs inhibited cell hypertrophy and apoptotic activity without attenuating their chondrogenic potential. Overexpression of DLX5 in C-PCs stimulated hypertrophy markers and increased apoptotic cell activity. Modulating DLX5 activity regulates cell hypertrophy and apoptosis in BM-MSCs and C-PCs. These findings suggest that DLX5 is a biomarker of OA changes in human knee joint tissues and confirms the DLX5 mechanism contributes to hypertrophy and apoptosis in BM-MSCs.
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13
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Therapeutic Delivery of rAAV sox9 via Polymeric Micelles Counteracts the Effects of Osteoarthritis-Associated Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Articular Chondrocytes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061238. [PMID: 32630578 PMCID: PMC7353187 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease linked to the irreversible degradation of key extracellular cartilage matrix (ECM) components (proteoglycans, type-II collagen) by proteolytic enzymes due to an impaired tissue homeostasis, with the critical involvement of OA-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 beta, i.e., IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, i.e., TNF-α). Gene therapy provides effective means to re-establish such degraded ECM compounds by rejuvenating the altered OA phenotype of the articular chondrocytes, the unique cell population ubiquitous in the articular cartilage. In particular, overexpression of the highly specialized SOX9 transcription factor via recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors has been reported for its ability to readjust the metabolic balance in OA, in particular via controlled rAAV delivery using polymeric micelles as carriers to prevent a possible vector neutralization by antibodies present in the joints of patients. As little is known on the challenging effects of such naturally occurring OA-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines on such rAAV/polymeric gene transfer, we explored the capacity of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO)-based polymeric micelles to deliver a candidate rAAV-FLAG-hsox9 construct in human OA chondrocytes in the presence of IL-1β and TNF-α. We report that effective, micelle-guided rAAV sox9 overexpression enhanced the deposition of ECM components and the levels of cell survival, while advantageously reversing the deleterious effects afforded by the OA cytokines on these processes. These findings highlight the potentiality of polymeric micelles as effective rAAV controlled delivery systems to counterbalance the specific contribution of major OA-associated inflammatory cytokines, supporting the concept of using such systems for the treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases like OA.
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Shimo T, Takebe H, Okui T, Kunisada Y, Ibaragi S, Obata K, Kurio N, Shamsoon K, Fujii S, Hosoya A, Irie K, Sasaki A, Iwamoto M. Expression and Role of IL-1β Signaling in Chondrocytes Associated with Retinoid Signaling during Fracture Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072365. [PMID: 32235405 PMCID: PMC7177407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of fracture healing consists of an inflammatory reaction and cartilage and bone tissue reconstruction. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signal is an important major factor in fracture healing, whereas its relevance to retinoid receptor (an RAR inverse agonist, which promotes endochondral bone formation) remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the expressions of IL-1β and retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) in a rat fracture model and the effects of IL-1β in the presence of one of several RAR inverse agonists on chondrocytes. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed that IL-1β and RARγ were expressed in chondrocytes at the fracture site in the rat ribs on day 7 post-fracture. In chondrogenic ATDC5 cells, IL-1β decreases the levels of aggrecan and type II collagen but significantly increased the metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp13) mRNA by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. An RAR inverse agonist (AGN194310) inhibited IL-1β-stimulated Mmp13 and Ccn2 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated-kinases (pERK1/2) and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were increased time-dependently by IL-1β treatment, and the IL-1β-induced p-p38 MAPK was inhibited by AGN194310. Experimental p38 inhibition led to a drop in the IL-1β-stimulated expressions of Mmp13 and Ccn2 mRNA. MMP13, CCN2, and p-p38 MAPK were expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes near the invaded vascular endothelial cells. As a whole, these results point to role of the IL-1β via p38 MAPK as important signaling in the regulation of the endochondral bone formation in fracture healing, and to the actions of RAR inverse agonists as potentially relevant modulators of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Shimo
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-133-23-1429
| | - Hiroaki Takebe
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Tatsuo Okui
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Yuki Kunisada
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Kyoichi Obata
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Naito Kurio
- Department of Oral Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan;
| | - Karnoon Shamsoon
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, University of Hokkaido, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Saki Fujii
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Akihiro Hosoya
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Kazuharu Irie
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan; (H.T.); (A.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (T.O.); (Y.K.); (S.I.); (K.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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Chou L, Chen C, Lin Y, Chuang S, Chou H, Lin S, Fu Y, Chang J, Ho M, Wang C. Discoidin domain receptor 1 regulates endochondral ossification through terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:5767-5781. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901852rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Yin Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Centre Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Centre Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics Kaohsiung Municipal Ta‐Tung Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology National Sun Yat‐Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsiung Lin
- Department of Biotechnology Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Shu‐Chun Chuang
- Orthopaedic Research Centre Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Chiao Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Centre Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Sung‐Yen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Centre Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics Kaohsiung Municipal Ta‐Tung Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yin‐Chi Fu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Centre Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Je‐Ken Chang
- Orthopaedic Research Centre Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics Kaohsiung Municipal Ta‐Tung Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery Department of Orthopedics Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Mei‐Ling Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Centre Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chau‐Zen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Research Centre Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
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16
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Matsumoto G, Hashizume C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. Deficiency of sphingomyelin synthase 1 but not sphingomyelin synthase 2 reduces bone formation due to impaired osteoblast differentiation. Mol Med 2019; 25:56. [PMID: 31847800 PMCID: PMC6918654 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are two isoforms of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS): SMS1 and SMS2. SMS1 is located in the Golgi apparatus only while SMS2 is located in both the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. SMS1 and SMS2 act similarly to generate sphingomyelin (SM). We have undertaken the experiments reported here on SMS and osteoblast differentiation in order to better understand the role SMS plays in skeletal development. Methods We analyzed the phenotype of a conditional knockout mouse, which was generated by mating a Sp7 promoter-driven Cre-expressing mouse with an SMS1-floxed SMS2-deficient mouse (Sp7-Cre;SMS1f/f;SMS2−/− mouse). Results When we compared Sp7-Cre;SMS1f/f;SMS2−/− mice with C57BL/6, SMS2-deficient mice (SMS1f/f;SMS2−/−) and SP7-Cre positive control mice (Sp7-Cre, Sp7-Cre;SMS1+/+;SMS2+/− and Sp7-Cre;SMS1+/+;SMS2−/−), we found that although cartilage formation is normal, Sp7-Cre;SMS1f/f;SMS2−/− mice showed reduced trabecular and cortical bone mass, had lower bone mineral density, and had a slower mineral apposition rate than control mice. Next, we have used a tamoxifen-inducible knockout system in vitro to show that SMS1 plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation. We cultured osteoblasts derived from ERT2-Cre;SMS1f/fSMS2−/− mice. We observed impaired differentiation of these cells in response to Smad1/5/8 and p38 that were induced by bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2). However, Erk1/2 phosphorylation was unaffected by inactivation of SMS1. Conclusions These findings provide the first genetic evidence that SMS1 plays a role in bone development by regulating osteoblast development in cooperation with BMP2 signaling. Thus, SMS1 acts as an endogenous signaling component necessary for bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichi Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Chieko Hashizume
- Department of Medicine, Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- Department of Bone and Joint Disease, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Bai Y, Gong X, Dou C, Cao Z, Dong S. Redox control of chondrocyte differentiation and chondrogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:83-89. [PMID: 30394290 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis involves the recruitment and migration of mesenchymal cells, mesenchymal condensation, and chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy. Multiple factors precisely regulate chondrogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the redox status of chondrocytes plays an essential role in the regulation of chondrocyte differentiation and chondrogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are important factors that change the intracellular redox status. Physiological levels of ROS/RNS act as intracellular signals in chondrocytes, and oxidative stress impairs the metabolism of chondrocytes. Under physiological conditions, the balance between ROS/RNS production and elimination ensures that redox-sensitive signalling proteins function correctly. The redox homeostasis of chondrocytes ensures that they respond appropriately to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. This review focuses on the redox regulation of key signalling pathways and transcription factors that control chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation. Additionally, the mechanism by which ROS/RNS regulate signalling proteins and transcription factors in chondrocytes is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No.30, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoshan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No.30, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No.30, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No.30, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street No.30, Chongqing 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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18
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Li J, Kang F, Gong X, Bai Y, Dai J, Zhao C, Dou C, Cao Z, Liang M, Dong R, Jiang H, Yang X, Dong S. Ceria nanoparticles enhance endochondral ossification-based critical-sized bone defect regeneration by promoting the hypertrophic differentiation of BMSCs via DHX15 activation. FASEB J 2019; 33:6378-6389. [PMID: 30776318 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802187r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Central ischemic necrosis is one of the biggest obstacles in the clinical application of traditional tissue-engineered bone (TEB) in critical-sized bone defect regeneration. Because of its ability to promote vascular invasion, endochondral ossification-based TEB has been applied for bone defect regeneration. However, inadequate chondrocyte hypertrophy can hinder vascular invasion and matrix mineralization during endochondral ossification. In light of recent studies suggesting that ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) improve the blood vessel distribution within TEB, we modified TEB scaffold surfaces with CNPs and investigated the effect and mechanism of CNPs on endochondral ossification-based bone regeneration. The CNPs used in this study were synthesized by the microemulsion method and modified with alendronate-anchored polyethylene glycol 600. We showed that CNPs accelerated new bone formation and enhanced endochondral ossification-based bone regeneration in both a subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis model and a mouse model of critical-sized bone defects. Mechanistically, CNPs significantly promoted endochondral ossification-based bone regeneration by ensuring sufficient hypertrophic differentiation via the activation of the RNA helicase, DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box helicase 15, and its downstream target, p38 MAPK. These results suggested that CNPs could be applied as a biomaterial to improve the efficacy of endochondral ossification-based bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects.-Li, J., Kang, F., Gong, X., Bai, Y., Dai, J., Zhao, C., Dou, C., Cao, Z., Liang, M., Dong, R., Jiang, H., Yang, X., Dong, S. Ceria nanoparticles enhance endochondral ossification-based critical-sized bone defect regeneration by promoting the hypertrophic differentiation of BMSCs via DHX15 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjin Dai
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunrong Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Liang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Role of SMPD3 during Bone Fracture Healing and Regulation of Its Expression. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00370-18. [PMID: 30530524 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00370-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3), a lipid-metabolizing enzyme present in bone and cartilage, has important roles in the developing skeleton. We previously showed that SMPD3 deficiency results in delayed extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and severe skeletal deformities in an inducible knockout mouse model, Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice, in which Smpd3 was ablated in Osx-expressing chondrocytes and osteoblasts during early skeletogenesis. However, as shown in the current study, ablation of Smpd3 postnatally in 3-month-old Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice resulted in only a mild bone mineralization defect. Interestingly, though, there was a marked increase of unmineralized osteoid in the fractured tibiae of 3-month-old Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice. As was the case in the embryonic bones, we also observed impaired chondrocyte apoptosis at the fracture sites of Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice. We further examined how Smpd3 expression is regulated in ATDC5 chondrogenic cells by two major regulators of chondrogenesis, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and PTHrP. Our data show that BMP-2 positively regulates Smpd3 expression via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Taken together, our findings show that SMPD3 plays a significant role in ECM mineralization and chondrocyte apoptosis during fracture healing. Furthermore, our gene expression analyses suggest that BMP-2 and PTHrP exert opposing effects on the regulation of Smpd3 expression in chondrocytes.
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Shimo T, Koyama E, Okui T, Masui M, Kunisada Y, Ibaragi S, Yoshioka N, Kurio N, Yoshida S, Sasaki A, Iwamoto M. Retinoic Receptor Signaling Regulates Hypertrophic Chondrocyte-specific Gene Expression. In Vivo 2019; 33:85-91. [PMID: 30587607 PMCID: PMC6364088 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Retinoid signaling is important for the maturation of growth-plate chondrocytes. The effect of retinoid receptor gamma (RARγ) signaling on the expression of genes in hypertrophic chondrocytes is unclear. This study investigated the role of RARγ signaling in regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gene expression in mouse E17.5 tibial cartilage was examined by in situ hybridization analysis. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting were used for analysis of mRNA and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). RESULTS mRNA expression of Rarg and connective tissue growth factor (Ccn2) was detected in maturing chondrocytes throughout the cartilaginous skeletal elements. In chondrogenic ATDC5 cells, an RARγ agonist induced the gene expression of type-X collagen (Col10A1), transglutaminase-2 (Tg2), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (Mmp13), and Ccn2 mRNA, whereas a retinoic acid pan-agonist suppressed RARγ agonist-stimulated gene expression. Phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated-kinases (pERK1/2), p-p38, and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK) MAPK were time-dependently increased by RARγ agonist treatment. Experimental p38 inhibition led to a severe drop in the RARγ agonist-stimulated expressions of Col10A1, Tg2, Mmp13, and Ccn2 mRNA. CONCLUSION RARγ signaling is required for the differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes, with differential cooperation with p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Shimo
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Tatsuo Okui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masanori Masui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kunisada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Norie Yoshioka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naito Kurio
- Department of Oral Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoko Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
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Abstract
During cartilage development chondrocytes undergo a multi-step process characterized by consecutive changes in cell morphology and gene expression. Cell proliferation, polarity, differentiation, and migration are influenced by chemical and mechanical signaling between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cell. Several structurally diverse transmembrane receptors such as integrins, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR 2), and CD44 mediate the crosstalk between cells and their ECM. However, the contribution of cell-matrix interactions during early chondrogenesis and further cartilage development through cell receptors and their signal transduction pathways is still not fully understood. Determination of receptor signaling pathways and the function of downstream targets will aid in a better understanding of musculoskeletal pathologies such as chondrodysplasia, and the development of new approaches for the treatment of cartilage disorders. We will summarize recent findings, linking cell receptors and their potential signaling pathways to the control of chondrocyte behavior during early chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Prein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Western University Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Western University Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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22
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Rey-Rico A, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Speicher-Mentges S, Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Effective Remodelling of Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage by sox9 Gene Transfer and Overexpression upon Delivery of rAAV Vectors in Polymeric Micelles. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2816-2826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg D-66421, Germany
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jagadesh K. Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg D-66421, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg D-66421, Germany
| | - Susanne Speicher-Mentges
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg D-66421, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg D-66421, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg D-66421, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg D-66421, Germany
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23
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Tanoue H, Morinaga J, Yoshizawa T, Yugami M, Itoh H, Nakamura T, Uehara Y, Masuda T, Odagiri H, Sugizaki T, Kadomatsu T, Miyata K, Endo M, Terada K, Ochi H, Takeda S, Yamagata K, Fukuda T, Mizuta H, Oike Y. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 promotes chondrogenic differentiation during bone growth as a cartilage matrix factor. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:108-117. [PMID: 29074299 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrocyte differentiation is crucial for long bone growth. Many cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins reportedly contribute to chondrocyte differentiation, indicating that mechanisms underlying chondrocyte differentiation are likely more complex than previously appreciated. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is a secreted factor normally abundantly produced in mesenchymal lineage cells such as adipocytes and fibroblasts, but its loss contributes to the pathogenesis of lifestyle- or aging-related diseases. However, the function of ANGPTL2 in chondrocytes, which are also differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells, remains unclear. Here, we investigate whether ANGPTL2 is expressed in or functions in chondrocytes. METHODS First, we evaluated Angptl2 expression during chondrocyte differentiation using chondrogenic ATDC5 cells and wild-type epiphyseal cartilage of newborn mice. We next assessed ANGPTL2 function in chondrogenic differentiation and associated signaling using Angptl2 knockdown ATDC5 cells and Angptl2 knockout mice. RESULTS ANGPTL2 is expressed in chondrocytes, particularly those located in resting and proliferative zones, and accumulates in ECM surrounding chondrocytes. Interestingly, long bone growth was retarded in Angptl2 knockout mice from neonatal to adult stages via attenuation of chondrocyte differentiation. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments show that changes in ANGPTL2 expression can also alter p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity mediated by integrin α5β1. CONCLUSION ANGPTL2 contributes to chondrocyte differentiation and subsequent endochondral ossification through α5β1 integrin and p38 MAPK signaling during bone growth. Our findings provide insight into molecular mechanisms governing communication between chondrocytes and surrounding ECM components in bone growth activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanoue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - J Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Yoshizawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - M Yugami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Itoh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Y Uehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Odagiri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Sugizaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Kadomatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - K Miyata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - M Endo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - K Terada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Ochi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - S Takeda
- Endocrine Center, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 05-8470, Japan
| | - K Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - T Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Mizuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Y Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo,Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Teunissen M, Riemers FM, van Leenen D, Groot Koerkamp MJA, Meij BP, Alblas J, Penning LC, Miranda‐Bedate A, Tryfonidou MA. Growth plate expression profiling: Large and small breed dogs provide new insights in endochondral bone formation. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:138-148. [PMID: 28681971 PMCID: PMC5873274 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The difference in the adult height of mammals, and hence in endochondral bone formation, is not yet fully understood and may serve to identify targets for bone and cartilage regeneration. In line with this hypothesis, the intra-species disparity between the adult height of Great Danes and Miniature Poodles was investigated at a transcriptional level. Microarray analysis of the growth plate of five Great Danes and five Miniature Poodles revealed 2,981 unique genes that were differentially expressed, including many genes with an unknown role in skeletal development. A signaling pathway impact analysis indicated activation of the cell cycle, extracellular matrix receptor interaction and the tight junction pathway, and inhibition of pathways associated with inflammation and the complement cascade. In additional validation steps, the gene expression profile of the separate growth plate zones for both dog breeds were determined. Given that the BMP signaling is known for its crucial role in skeletal development and fracture healing, and BMP-2 is used in orthopaedic and spine procedures for bone augmentation, further investigations concentrated on the BMP pathway.The canonical BMP-2 and BMP-6 signaling pathway was activated in the Great Danes compared to Miniature Poodles. In conclusion, investigating the differential expression of genes involved in endochondral bone formation in small and large breed dogs, could be a game changing strategy to provide new insights in growth plate development and identify new targets for bone and cartilage regeneration. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:138-148, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Teunissen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 108Utrecht 3584 CMThe Netherlands
| | - Frank M. Riemers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 108Utrecht 3584 CMThe Netherlands
| | - Dik van Leenen
- Molecular Cancer ResearchUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Björn P. Meij
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 108Utrecht 3584 CMThe Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 108Utrecht 3584 CMThe Netherlands
| | - Alberto Miranda‐Bedate
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 108Utrecht 3584 CMThe Netherlands
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 108Utrecht 3584 CMThe Netherlands
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25
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Shen S, Huang D, Feng G, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Cao P, Zheng K, Zhang D, Feng X. MEF2 Transcription Factor Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2017; 18:237-45. [PMID: 27459583 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) is a member of the MADS-box family. It controls the expression of genes that are critical for biological processes such as proliferation, cell death, and differentiation. Some studies have shown that MEF2 expression is enhanced in osteogenic progenitor cells established from bone marrow stromal cells with other types of mesenchymal progenitor cells. However, the effect of MEF2 on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is unclear. In this study, we investigate the effect of MEF2 on regulating osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of DPSCs. We find that MEF2 is stably expressed in DPSCs, and the expression is increased time-dependently along with cell osteogenic differentiation. MEF2 expression also increases the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) activity, and enhances mineralization in DPSCs. SB202190, inhibitor of p38, blocks the p38/MEF2 pathway and osteogenic differentiation. In addition, MEF2 overexpression inhibits DPSC proliferation. In summary, our data indicate that MEF2 not only regulates DPSCs as an inhibitor of cell proliferation but is also a promoter of osteogenic differentiation through the p38/MEF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Shen
- 1 The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, China .,2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Dan Huang
- 2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- 2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Linhe Zhu
- 3 School of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- 1 The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, China .,2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Peipei Cao
- 1 The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, China .,2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- 1 The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, China .,2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- 4 Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Xingmei Feng
- 1 The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, China .,2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
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26
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Hori A, Nishida T, Takashiba S, Kubota S, Takigawa M. Regulatory mechanism of CCN2 production by serotonin (5-HT) via 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors in chondrocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188014. [PMID: 29145495 PMCID: PMC5690650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT) is recognized as a neurotransmitter in the central nerve system and as a regulator of systemic blood pressure in the peripheral tissues. Recently, it was reported that 5-HT2 receptors (5-HT2Rs) were expressed in cartilage tissues lacking both vessels and neurons, suggesting possible novel functions of 5-HT during cartilage development and regeneration. Our previous data indicated that CCN family protein 2/connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) plays a central role in cartilage development and regeneration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-HT on the production of CCN2 in chondrocytes. Firstly, we showed that the mRNAs of 5-HT2R subtypes 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2BR, were expressed in a human chondrocytic cell line, HCS-2/8; however, 5-HT2CR mRNA was not detected. In addition, exogenously added 5-HT did not affect the 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2BR expressions. Next, we demonstrated that CCN2 production was increased by treatment with a 5-HT2AR agonist and the combination of 5-HT and 5-HT2BR antagonist. In contrast, treatment with a 5-HT2BR agonist and the combination of 5-HT and 5-HT2AR antagonist decreased CCN2 production. Furthermore, we showed that phosphorylation of Akt and p38 MAPK were increased by treatment with 5-HT2AR agonist, and that phosphorylation of PKCε, PKCζ, ERK1/2 and JNK were increased by treatment with 5-HT2BR agonist. Finally, we found that 5-HT2AR was localized in the growth plate, whereas 5-HT2BR was localized in the articular cartilage. These findings suggest that 5-HT promotes CCN2 production through the 5-HT2AR in growth plates, and that it represses CCN2 production through the 5-HT2BR in articular cartilage for harmonized development of long bones.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/biosynthesis
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Growth Plate/metabolism
- Humans
- Ion Transport
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/physiology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/physiology
- Serotonin/physiology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takigawa
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan
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27
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Rey-Rico A, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Concheiro A, Madry H, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Cucchiarini M. rAAV-mediated overexpression of TGF-β via vector delivery in polymeric micelles stimulates the biological and reparative activities of human articular chondrocytes in vitro and in a human osteochondral defect model. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6985-6996. [PMID: 29033566 PMCID: PMC5614797 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s144579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are clinically adapted vectors to durably treat human osteoarthritis (OA). Controlled delivery of rAAV vectors via polymeric micelles was reported to enhance the temporal and spatial presentation of the vectors into their targets. Here, we tested the feasibility of delivering rAAV vectors via poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly (propylene oxide) (PPO) (poloxamer and poloxamine) polymeric micelles as a means to overexpress the therapeutic factor transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in human OA chondrocytes and in experimental human osteochondral defects. Application of rAAV-human transforming growth factor-beta using such micelles increased the levels of TGF-β transgene expression compared with free vector treatment. Overexpression of TGF-β with these systems resulted in higher proteoglycan deposition and increased cell numbers in OA chondrocytes. In osteochondral defect cultures, a higher deposition of type-II collagen and reduced hypertrophic events were noted. Delivery of therapeutic rAAV vectors via PEO-PPO-PEO micelles may provide potential tools to remodel human OA cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jagadeesh K Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, R+ DPharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, R+ DPharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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28
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Mice with an N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosourea (ENU) Induced Tyr209Asn Mutation in Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 (NPR3) Provide a Model for Kyphosis Associated with Activation of the MAPK Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167916. [PMID: 27959934 PMCID: PMC5154531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic kyphosis is a common disorder that is associated with significant morbidity and has a strong genetic involvement; however, the causative genes remain to be identified, as such studies are hampered by genetic heterogeneity, small families and various modes of inheritance. To overcome these limitations, we investigated 12 week old progeny of mice treated with the chemical mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) using phenotypic assessments including dysmorphology, radiography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. This identified a mouse with autosomal recessive kyphosis (KYLB). KYLB mice, when compared to unaffected littermates, had: thoraco-lumbar kyphosis, larger vertebrae, and increased body length and increased bone area. In addition, female KYLB mice had increases in bone mineral content and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. Recombination mapping localized the Kylb locus to a 5.5Mb region on chromosome 15A1, which contained 51 genes, including the natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (Npr3) gene. DNA sequence analysis of Npr3 identified a missense mutation, Tyr209Asn, which introduced an N-linked glycosylation consensus sequence. Expression of wild-type NPR3 and the KYLB-associated Tyr209Asn NPR3 mutant in COS-7 cells demonstrated the mutant to be associated with abnormal N-linked glycosylation and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum that resulted in its absence from the plasma membrane. NPR3 is a decoy receptor for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which also binds to NPR2 and stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, thereby increasing the number and size of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Histomorphometric analysis of KYLB vertebrae and tibiae showed delayed endochondral ossification and expansion of the hypertrophic zones of the growth plates, and immunohistochemistry revealed increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation throughout the growth plates of KYLB vertebrae. Thus, we established a model of kyphosis due to a novel NPR3 mutation, in which loss of plasma membrane NPR3 expression results in increased MAPK pathway activation, causing elongation of the vertebrae and resulting in kyphosis.
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29
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Frisch J, Cucchiarini M. Gene- and Stem Cell-Based Approaches to Regulate Hypertrophic Differentiation in Articular Cartilage Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1495-1512. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Frisch
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University and Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Rey-Rico A, Frisch J, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Rial-Hermida I, Taboada P, Concheiro A, Madry H, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Cucchiarini M. PEO-PPO-PEO Carriers for rAAV-Mediated Transduction of Human Articular Chondrocytes in Vitro and in a Human Osteochondral Defect Model. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:20600-20613. [PMID: 27404480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is an attractive strategy for the durable treatment of human osteoarthritis (OA), a gradual, irreversible joint disease. Gene carriers based on the small human adeno-associated virus (AAV) exhibit major efficacy in modifying damaged human articular cartilage in situ over extended periods of time. Yet, clinical application of recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors remains complicated by the presence of neutralizing antibodies against viral capsid elements in a majority of patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of delivering rAAV vectors to human OA chondrocytes in vitro and in an experimental model of osteochondral defect via polymeric micelles to protect gene transfer from experimental neutralization. Interaction of rAAV with micelles of linear (poloxamer PF68) or X-shaped (poloxamine T908) poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) copolymers (PEO-PPO-PEO micelles) was characterized by means of isothermal titration calorimetry. Micelle encapsulation allowed an increase in both the stability and bioactivity of rAAV vectors and promoted higher levels of safe transgene (lacZ) expression both in vitro and in experimental osteochondral defects compared with that of free vector treatment without detrimental effects on the biological activity of the cells or their phenotype. Remarkably, protection against antibody neutralization was also afforded when delivering rAAV via PEO-PPO-PEO micelles in all systems evaluated, especially when using T908. Altogether, these findings show the potential of PEO-PPO-PEO micelles as effective tools to improve current gene-based treatments for human OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg, Germany
| | - Janina Frisch
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Gertrud Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Rial-Hermida
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+DPharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+DPharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+DPharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg, Germany
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Cong Q, Jia H, Biswas S, Li P, Qiu S, Deng Q, Guo X, Ma G, Ling Chau JF, Wang Y, Zhang ZL, Jiang X, Liu H, Li B. p38α MAPK Regulates Lineage Commitment and OPG Synthesis of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Prevent Bone Loss under Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:566-578. [PMID: 26947973 PMCID: PMC4834033 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Skewed differentiation of BM-MSCs contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Yet how BM-MSC lineage commitment is regulated remains unclear. We show that ablation of p38α in Prx1+ BM-MSCs produced osteoporotic phenotypes, growth plate defects, and increased bone marrow fat, secondary to biased BM-MSC differentiation from osteoblast/chondrocyte to adipocyte and increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. p38α regulates BM-MSC osteogenic commitment through TAK1-NF-κB signaling and osteoclastogenesis through osteoprotegerin (OPG) production by BM-MSCs. Estrogen activates p38α to maintain OPG expression in BM-MSCs to preserve the bone. Ablation of p38α in BM-MSCs positive for Dermo1, a later BM-MSC marker, only affected osteogenic differentiation. Thus, p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in Prx1+ BM-MSCs acts to preserve the bone by promoting osteogenic lineage commitment and sustaining OPG production. This study thus unravels previously unidentified roles for p38α MAPK in skeletal development and bone remodeling. p38α deletion in Prx1+ BM-MSCs led to osteoporosis and cartilage anomaly p38α controls proliferation and tri-lineage differentiation of Prx1+ BM-MSCs p38α regulates osteoclastogenesis through OPG production by BM-MSCs The BM-MSC p38-OPG axis participates in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cong
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Soma Biswas
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shoutao Qiu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Physiology, Molecular Biology Institute, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhen-Lin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Baojie Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Shi J, Zhang C, Yi Z, Lan C. Explore the variation of MMP3, JNK, p38 MAPKs, and autophagy at the early stage of osteoarthritis. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:293-302. [PMID: 26873249 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and chondrocyte apoptosis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating OA process. Autophagy has an important effect on the OA process, and it is believed to be regulated by MAPKs. To reveal the mechanism and the effect of JNK and p38 MAPKs on matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and autophagy in OA, the study established OA model in rabbits, used the measurement of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International scoring system to evaluate OA model, and conducted general observation, histological observation, and Western blotting of JNK, phosphorylate-JNK (P-JNK), p38, phosphorylate-p38 (P-p38), MMP3, and light-chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I to explore the variation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and autophagy at the early stage of OA. With OA progressing at the early stage, MMP3, P-p38, and P-JNK were gradually upregulated from the baseline to the peak in study groups when compared with the control group; JNK and p38 variated of turbulence without statistical difference; and LC3-II/LC3-I had a decreasing tendency from the 0- to 15-day group. This study identifies that compromised autophagy may be related to the OA progress and that JNK and p38 MAPKs have positive regulation on MMP3 and negative regulation on autophagy. It also implicates a new therapeutic strategy for OA and other degenerate diseases based on selective MAPK inhibitors, reduction of MMP3, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjie Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunna Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Park NR, Lim KE, Han MS, Che X, Park CY, Kim JE, Taniuchi I, Bae SC, Choi JY. Core Binding Factor β Plays a Critical Role During Chondrocyte Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:162-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Rae Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation; RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute for Tumor Research; Chungbuk National University; College of Medicine; Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
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Focus on the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in bone development and maintenance. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:711. [PMID: 26131361 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway can be activated in response to a wide range of extracellular signals. As a consequence, it can generate many different biological effects that depend on the stimulus and on the activated cell type. Therefore, this pathway has been found to regulate many aspects of tissue development and homeostasis. Recent work with the aid of genetically modified mice has highlighted the physiological functions of this pathway in skeletogenesis and postnatal bone maintenance. In this review, emphasis is given to the roles of the p38 MAPK pathway in chondrocyte, osteoblast and osteoclast biology. In particular, we describe the molecular mechanisms of p38 MAPK activation and downstream targets. The requirement of this pathway in physiological bone development and homeostasis is demonstrated by the ability of p38 MAPK to regulate master transcription factors controlling geneses and functions of chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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CXC chemokine ligand 12a enhances chondrocyte proliferation and maturation during endochondral bone formation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:966-74. [PMID: 25659654 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the roles of CXC chemokine ligand 12a (CXCL12a), also known as stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), in endochondral bone growth, which can give us important clues to understand the role of CXCL12a in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Primary chondrocytes and tibial explants from embryonic 15.5 day-old mice were cultured with recombinant mouse CXCL12a. To assess the role of CXCL12a in chondrogenic differentiation, we conducted mesenchymal cell micromass culture. RESULTS In tibia organ cultures, CXCL12a increased total bone length in a dose-dependent manner through proportional effects on cartilage and bone. In accordance with increased length, CXCL12a increased the protein level of proliferation markers, such as cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), in primary chondrocytes as well as in tibia organ culture. In addition, CXCL12a increased the expression of Runx2, Col10 and MMP13 in primary chondrocytes and tibia organ culture system, implying a role of CXCL12a in chondrocyte maturation. Micromass cultures of limb-bud mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) revealed that CXCL12a has a limited effect on early chondrogenesis, but significantly promoted maturation of chondrocytes. CXCL12a induced the phosphorylation of p38 and Erk1/2 MAP kinases and IκB. The increased expression of cyclin D1 by CXCL12a was significantly attenuated by inhibitors of MEK1 and NF-κB. On the other hand, p38 and Erk1/2 MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling were associated with CXCL12a-induced expression of Runx2 and MMP13, the marker of chondrocyte maturation. CONCLUSION CXCL12a promoted the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes, which strongly suggest that CXCL12a may have a negative effect on articular cartilage and contribute to OA progression.
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Papaioannou G, Mirzamohammadi F, Lisse TS, Nishimori S, Wein MN, Kobayashi T. MicroRNA-140 Provides Robustness to the Regulation of Hypertrophic Chondrocyte Differentiation by the PTHrP-HDAC4 Pathway. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1044-52. [PMID: 25529628 PMCID: PMC5380142 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth plate chondrocytes go through multiple differentiation steps and eventually become hypertrophic chondrocytes. The parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) signaling pathway plays a central role in regulation of hypertrophic differentiation, at least in part, through enhancing activity of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a negative regulator of MEF2 transcription factors that drive hypertrophy. We have previously shown that loss of the chondrocyte-specific microRNA (miRNA), miR-140, alters chondrocyte differentiation including mild acceleration of hypertrophic differentiation. Here, we provide evidence that miR-140 interacts with the PTHrP-HDAC4 pathway to control chondrocyte differentiation. Heterozygosity of PTHrP or HDAC4 substantially impaired animal growth in miR-140 deficiency, whereas these mutations had no effect in the presence of miR-140. miR-140-deficient chondrocytes showed increased MEF2C expression with normal levels of total and phosphorylated HDAC4, indicating that the miR-140 pathway merges with the PTHrP-HDAC4 pathway at the level of MEF2C. miR-140 negatively regulated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling reduced MEF2C expression. These results demonstrate that miR-140 ensures the robustness of the PTHrP/HDAC4 regulatory system by suppressing MEF2C-inducing stimuli. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallia Papaioannou
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Mirzamohammadi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas S Lisse
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shigeki Nishimori
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Due to a blood supply shortage, articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-healing once damaged. Articular chondrocytes, cartilage progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells are candidate cells for cartilage regeneration. Significant current attention is paid to improving chondrogenic differentiation capacity; unfortunately, the potential chondrogenic hypertrophy of differentiated cells is largely overlooked. Consequently, the engineered tissue is actually a transient cartilage rather than a permanent one. The development of hypertrophic cartilage ends with the onset of endochondral bone formation which has inferior mechanical properties. In this review, current strategies for inhibition of chondrogenic hypertrophy are comprehensively summarized; the impact of cell source options is discussed; and potential mechanisms underlying these strategies are also categorized. This paper aims to provide guidelines for the prevention of hypertrophy in the regeneration of cartilage tissue. This knowledge may also facilitate the retardation of osteophytes in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peiliang Fu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ruijun Cong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 10th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - HaiShan Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Corresponding author. Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA. Tel.: +1 304 293 1072; fax: +1 304 293 7070.
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Zhou J, Li P, Chen Q, Wei X, Zhao T, Wang Z, Wei L. Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 induces HDAC4 degradation in hypertrophic chondrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:370-376. [PMID: 25447540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is a critical negative regulator for chondrocyte hypertrophy by binding to and inhibiting Runx2, a critical transcription factor for chondrocyte hypertrophy. It is unclear how HDAC4 expression and stability are regulated during growth plate development. We report here that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 by dominant negative p38 or p38 inhibitor prevents HDAC4 degradation. Mutation of a potential caspase-2 and 3 cleavage site Asp289 stabilizes HDAC4 in chondrocytes. In contrast, constitutively active MAPK kinase 6 (constitutive activator of p38) transgenic mice exhibit decreased HDAC4 content in vivo. We also observed that p38 stimulates caspase-3 activity in chondrocytes. Inhibition of p38 or caspases reduced HDAC4 degradation. HDAC4 inhibited Runx2 promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner and caspase inhibitors further enhanced this inhibition by preventing HDAC4 degradation. Overall, these results demonstrate that p38 promotes HDAC4 degradation by increasing caspase-mediated cleavage, which releases Runx2 from a repressive influence of HDAC4 and promotes the chondrocyte hypertrophy and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hosptal, Coro West, Suite 402H, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence RI 02903
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hosptal, Coro West, Suite 402H, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence RI 02903.,Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Key Lab of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair. Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hosptal, Coro West, Suite 402H, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence RI 02903
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Key Lab of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair. Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Boston University, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island 02908
| | - Zhengke Wang
- Department of Dermatology Biology, Boston University, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island 02908
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hosptal, Coro West, Suite 402H, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence RI 02903.,Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Key Lab of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair. Taiyuan, China
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Nam KH, Smith AST, Lone S, Kwon S, Kim DH. Biomimetic 3D Tissue Models for Advanced High-Throughput Drug Screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:201-15. [PMID: 25385716 DOI: 10.1177/2211068214557813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most current drug screening assays used to identify new drug candidates are 2D cell-based systems, even though such in vitro assays do not adequately re-create the in vivo complexity of 3D tissues. Inadequate representation of the human tissue environment during a preclinical test can result in inaccurate predictions of compound effects on overall tissue functionality. Screening for compound efficacy by focusing on a single pathway or protein target, coupled with difficulties in maintaining long-term 2D monolayers, can serve to exacerbate these issues when using such simplistic model systems for physiological drug screening applications. Numerous studies have shown that cell responses to drugs in 3D culture are improved from those in 2D, with respect to modeling in vivo tissue functionality, which highlights the advantages of using 3D-based models for preclinical drug screens. In this review, we discuss the development of microengineered 3D tissue models that accurately mimic the physiological properties of native tissue samples and highlight the advantages of using such 3D microtissue models over conventional cell-based assays for future drug screening applications. We also discuss biomimetic 3D environments, based on engineered tissues as potential preclinical models for the development of more predictive drug screening assays for specific disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hwan Nam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, The Korea Basic Science Institute, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Alec S T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Saifullah Lone
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Sun MMG, Beier F. Liver X Receptor activation delays chondrocyte hypertrophy during endochondral bone growth. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:996-1006. [PMID: 24852699 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the Liver X Receptor (LXR) has recently been identified as a therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis (OA). Human OA articular cartilage explants show decreased LXR expression, and LXRβ-null mice display OA-like symptoms. LXR agonist administration to OA articular cartilage explants suppresses proteoglycan degradation and restores LXR-activated transcription. We aimed to investigate the effect of LXR activation on chondrocyte differentiation to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind its protection against OA. METHOD The specific LXR agonist, GW3965, was used to examine the effect of LXR activation on chondrocyte differentiation. Tibia organ cultures were used to examine the effect of LXR activation on bone growth and growth plate morphology, followed by immunohistochemical analysis. In ATDC5 and micromass cultures, chondrocyte differentiation was examined through cellular staining and proliferation assays. Various chondrogenic markers were analyzed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in micromass RNA. RESULTS Chondrocyte hypertrophy was suppressed by GW3965 treatment, as shown by decreased hypertrophic zone length in the tibial growth plate, decreased alkaline phosphatase staining in ATDC5 and micromass cultures, and down regulation of Col10a1, Mmp13 and Runx2 expression. Increased proliferation in treated ATDC5 cells and up-regulation of Col2a1 expression in treated micromass cultures suggest hypertrophy is suppressed secondary to prolonged proliferation. Decreased p57 levels in treated growth plates suggest this to be due to cell-cycle exit delay. CONCLUSION Our findings regarding LXR's role in cartilage development provide insight into how LXR activation prevents cartilage breakdown, further solidifying its potential as a therapeutic target of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M-G Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
| | - F Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
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Wuelling M, Pasdziernik M, Moll CN, Thiesen AM, Schneider S, Johannes C, Vortkamp A. The multi zinc-finger protein Trps1 acts as a regulator of histone deacetylation during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2014; 12:2219-32. [PMID: 23892436 PMCID: PMC3755072 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPS1, the gene mutated in human "Tricho-Rhino-Phalangeal syndrome," encodes a multi zinc-finger nuclear regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Here, we have identified a new function of Trps1 in controlling mitotic progression in chondrocytes. Loss of Trps1 in mice leads to an increased proportion of cells arrested in mitosis and, subsequently, to chromosome segregation defects. Searching for the molecular basis of the defect, we found that Trps1 acts as regulator of histone deacetylation. Trps1 interacts with two histone deacetylases, Hdac1 and Hdac4, thereby increasing their activity. Loss of Trps1 results in histone H3 hyperacetylation, which is maintained during mitosis. Consequently, chromatin condensation and binding of HP1 is impaired, and Trps1-deficient chondrocytes accumulate in prometaphase. Overexpression of Hdac4 rescues the mitotic defect of Trps1-deficient chondrocytes, identifying Trps1 as an important regulator of chromatin deacetylation during mitosis in chondrocytes. Our data provide the first evidence that the control of mitosis can be linked to the regulation of chondrocyte differentiation by epigenetic consequences of altered Hdac activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Wuelling
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Developmental Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Jung YK, Kim GW, Park HR, Lee EJ, Choi JY, Beier F, Han SW. Role of interleukin-10 in endochondral bone formation in mice: anabolic effect via the bone morphogenetic protein/Smad pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 65:3153-64. [PMID: 24022823 DOI: 10.1002/art.38181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine with a chondroprotective effect that is elevated in cartilage and synovium in patients with osteoarthritis. However, the role of IL-10 during endochondral bone formation and its mechanism of action have not been elucidated. METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice and IL-10-treated tibial organ cultures were used to study loss and gain of IL-10 functions, respectively, during endochondral bone formation. Primary chondrocytes from the long bones of mouse embryos were cultured with and without IL-10. To assess the role of IL-10 in chondrogenic differentiation, we conducted mesenchymal cell micromass cultures. RESULTS The lengths of whole skeletons from IL-10(-/-) mice were similar to those of their wild-type littermates, although their skull diameters were smaller. The tibial growth plates of IL-10(-/-) mice showed shortening of the proliferating zone. Treatment with IL-10 significantly increased tibial lengths in organ culture. IL-10 also induced chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation in primary chondrocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, IL-10 activated STAT-3 and the Smad1/5/8 and ERK-1/2 MAP kinase pathways and induced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and BMP-6 in primary chondrocytes. Furthermore, the blocking of BMP signaling attenuated the IL-10-mediated induction of cyclin D1 and RUNX-2 in primary chondrocytes and suppressed Alcian blue and alkaline phosphatase staining in mesenchymal cell micromass cultures. CONCLUSION These results indicate that IL-10 acts as a stimulator of chondrocyte proliferation and chondrogenic or hypertrophic differentiation via activation of the BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Kwan Jung
- Fatima Research Institute and Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Steinbeck MJ, Chernets N, Zhang J, Kurpad DS, Fridman G, Fridman A, Freeman TA. Skeletal cell differentiation is enhanced by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82143. [PMID: 24349203 PMCID: PMC3861356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation is of paramount importance in providing effective regenerative therapies and improving the rate of fracture healing. This study investigated the potential of non-thermal atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma (NT-plasma) to enhance chondrocyte and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Although the exact mechanism by which NT-plasma interacts with cells is undefined, it is known that during treatment the atmosphere is ionized generating extracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and an electric field. Appropriate NT-plasma conditions were determined using lactate-dehydrogenase release, flow cytometric live/dead assay, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, and Western blots to evaluate DNA damage and mitochondrial integrity. We observed that specific NT-plasma conditions were required to prevent cell death, and that loss of pre-osteoblastic cell viability was dependent on intracellular ROS and RNS production. To further investigate the involvement of intracellular ROS, fluorescent intracellular dyes Mitosox (superoxide) and dihydrorhodamine (peroxide) were used to assess onset and duration after NT-plasma treatment. Both intracellular superoxide and peroxide were found to increase immediately post NT-plasma treatment. These increases were sustained for one hour but returned to control levels by 24 hr. Using the same treatment conditions, osteogenic differentiation by NT-plasma was assessed and compared to peroxide or osteogenic media containing β-glycerolphosphate. Although both NT-plasma and peroxide induced differentiation-specific gene expression, neither was as effective as the osteogenic media. However, treatment of cells with NT-plasma after 24 hr in osteogenic or chondrogenic media significantly enhanced differentiation as compared to differentiation media alone. The results of this study show that NT-plasma can selectively initiate and amplify ROS signaling to enhance differentiation, and suggest this technology could be used to enhance bone fusion and improve healing after skeletal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla J. Steinbeck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Natalie Chernets
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deepa S. Kurpad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory Fridman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexander Fridman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Theresa A. Freeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gillespie JR, Bush JR, Bell GI, Aubrey LA, Dupuis H, Ferron M, Kream B, DiMattia G, Patel S, Woodgett JR, Karsenty G, Hess DA, Beier F. GSK-3β function in bone regulates skeletal development, whole-body metabolism, and male life span. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3702-18. [PMID: 23904355 PMCID: PMC5053811 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) is an essential negative regulator or "brake" on many anabolic-signaling pathways including Wnt and insulin. Global deletion of GSK-3β results in perinatal lethality and various skeletal defects. The goal of our research was to determine GSK-3β cell-autonomous effects and postnatal roles in the skeleton. We used the 3.6-kb Col1a1 promoter to inactivate the Gsk3b gene (Col1a1-Gsk3b knockout) in skeletal cells. Mutant mice exhibit decreased body fat and postnatal bone growth, as well as delayed development of several skeletal elements. Surprisingly, the mutant mice display decreased circulating glucose and insulin levels despite normal expression of GSK-3β in metabolic tissues. We showed that these effects are due to an increase in global insulin sensitivity. Most of the male mutant mice died after weaning. Prior to death, blood glucose changed from low to high, suggesting a possible switch from insulin sensitivity to resistance. These male mice die with extremely large bladders that are preceded by damage to the urogenital tract, defects that are also seen type 2 diabetes. Our data suggest that skeletal-specific deletion of GSK-3β affects global metabolism and sensitizes male mice to developing type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Development
- Bone and Bones/enzymology
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Disease Susceptibility
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/genetics
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Male Urogenital Diseases/complications
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Sex Characteristics
- Survival Analysis
- Urogenital System/pathology
- Weaning
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gillespie
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; N6A 5C1.
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Hutchison MR. Mice with a conditional deletion of the neurotrophin receptor TrkB are dwarfed, and are similar to mice with a MAPK14 deletion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66206. [PMID: 23776632 PMCID: PMC3679073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long bone growth results from ordered chondrocyte development within the cartilagenous growth plate. Chondrocytes are recruited from a resting pool to proliferate along the long axis of the bone, until various signals trigger differentiation and hypertrophy. We have shown previously that the neurotrophin receptor TrkB is expressed in growth plate chondrocytes, where the tyrosine kinase receptor regulates the pace of hypertrophic differentiation by modulating the activities of ERK and p38 MAP kinases. To investigate the physiological relevance of TrkB to bone growth in vivo, we generated mice with a targeted disruption of the receptor, and compared them to mice targeted for MAPK14, the gene for p38α. The TrkB mutant and p38α mutant mice showed a similar degree of dwarfism and delayed hypertrophic differentiation. To extend these findings, we showed that both the TrkB and p38α mutant mice have altered expression of Runx2 and Sox9, two key transcription factors required for skeletogenesis. The data provides in vivo evidence for the role of TrkB in bone growth, supports the role of p38 downstream of TrkB, and suggests that Runx2 and Sox9 expression is regulated by this pathway at the growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Hutchison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.
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Malko AV, Villagomez M, Aubin JE, Opas M. Both Chondroinduction and Proliferation Account for Growth of Cartilage Nodules in Mouse Limb Bud Cultures. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 9:121-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Liu J, Li Q, Kuehn MR, Litingtung Y, Vokes SA, Chiang C. Sonic hedgehog signaling directly targets Hyaluronic Acid Synthase 2, an essential regulator of phalangeal joint patterning. Dev Biol 2013; 375:160-71. [PMID: 23313125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signal, mediated by the Gli family of transcription factors, plays an essential role in the growth and patterning of the limb. Through analysis of the early limb bud transcriptome, we identified a posteriorly-enriched gene, Hyaluronic Acid Synthase 2 (Has2), which encodes a key enzyme for the synthesis of hyaluronan (HA), as a direct target of Gli transcriptional regulation during early mouse limb development. Has2 expression in the limb bud is lost in Shh null and expanded anteriorly in Gli3 mutants. We identified an ∼3kb Has2 promoter fragment that contains two strong Gli-binding consensus sequences, and mutation of either site abrogated the ability of Gli1 to activate Has2 promoter in a cell-based assay. Additionally, this promoter fragment is sufficient to direct expression of a reporter gene in the posterior limb mesenchyme. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of DNA-Gli3 protein complexes from limb buds indicated that Gli3 strongly binds to the Has2 promoter region, suggesting that Has2 is a direct transcriptional target of the Shh signaling pathway. We also showed that Has2 conditional mutant (Has2cko) hindlimbs display digit-specific patterning defects with longitudinally shifted phalangeal joints and impaired chondrogenesis. Has2cko limbs show less capacity for mesenchymal condensation with mislocalized distributions of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), aggrecan and link protein. Has2cko limb phenotype displays striking resemblance to mutants with defective chondroitin sulfation suggesting tight developmental control of HA on CSPG function. Together, our study identifies Has2 as a novel downstream target of Shh signaling required for joint patterning and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Janardhanan S, Wang MO, Fisher JP. Coculture strategies in bone tissue engineering: the impact of culture conditions on pluripotent stem cell populations. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:312-21. [PMID: 22655979 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of pluripotent stem cell populations for bone tissue regeneration provides many opportunities and challenges within the bone tissue engineering field. For example, coculture strategies have been utilized to mimic embryological development of bone tissue, and particularly the critical intercellular signaling pathways. While research in bone biology over the last 20 years has expanded our understanding of these intercellular signaling pathways, we still do not fully understand the impact of the system's physical characteristics (orientation, geometry, and morphology). This review of coculture literature delineates the various forms of coculture systems and their respective outcomes when applied to bone tissue engineering. To understand fully the key differences between the different coculture methods, we must appreciate the underlying paradigms of physiological interactions. Recent advances have enabled us to extrapolate these techniques to larger dimensions and higher geometric resolutions. Finally, the contributions of bioreactors, micropatterned biomaterials, and biomaterial interaction platforms are evaluated to give a sense of the sophistication established by a combination of these concepts with coculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyanarayana Janardhanan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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50
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Hutchison MR. BDNF alters ERK/p38 MAPK activity ratios to promote differentiation in growth plate chondrocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1406-16. [PMID: 22700586 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERK and p38 MAPK pathways are well-known transducers of signals that regulate proliferation and differentiation, but precisely how these pathways control growth plate chondrocyte development is unclear. For example, the ERK pathway has been reported to be required by some investigators but inhibitory to chondrocyte development by others. Moreover, how these two pathways interact to regulate chondrocyte development is even less clear. Using primary bovine growth plate chondrocytes and murine ATDC5 cells, we demonstrate that the ERK and p38 pathways have opposing effects on proliferation but are both absolutely required for differentiation. Two factors that promote chondrocyte differentiation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and C-type natriuretic peptide, increase p38 activity while decreasing, but not completely inhibiting, ERK activity. The attenuation of ERK activity by BDNF occurs via p38-dependent raf-1 inhibition. The inhibition of raf-1 by p38 is direct, because purified p38 protein inhibits the kinase activity of purified active raf-1 as well as raf-1 immunoprecipitated from chondrocyte lysates. Moreover, IGF-I, which stimulates proliferation, suppresses p38 activation. This work describes a model wherein unopposed IGF-I promotes high ERK/p38 activity ratios favoring proliferation, whereas BDNF signals a transition to differentiation by decreasing the ERK/p38 activity ratio without completely inhibiting ERK, which involves the direct inhibition of raf-1 by p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Hutchison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9063, USA.
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