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Lokya V, Parmar S, Pandey AK, Sudini HK, Huai D, Ozias-Akins P, Foyer CH, Nwosu CV, Karpinska B, Baker A, Xu P, Liao B, Mir RR, Chen X, Guo B, Nguyen HT, Kumar R, Bera SK, Singam P, Kumar A, Varshney RK, Pandey MK. Prospects for developing allergen-depleted food crops. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20375. [PMID: 37641460 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the challenge of meeting global demand for food production, there are increasing concerns about food safety and the need to protect consumer health from the negative effects of foodborne allergies. Certain bio-molecules (usually proteins) present in food can act as allergens that trigger unusual immunological reactions, with potentially life-threatening consequences. The relentless working lifestyles of the modern era often incorporate poor eating habits that include readymade prepackaged and processed foods, which contain additives such as peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, and soy-based products, rather than traditional home cooking. Of the predominant allergenic foods (soybean, wheat, fish, peanut, shellfish, tree nuts, eggs, and milk), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are the best characterized source of allergens, followed by tree nuts (Juglans regia, Prunus amygdalus, Corylus avellana, Carya illinoinensis, Anacardium occidentale, Pistacia vera, Bertholletia excels), wheat (Triticum aestivum), soybeans (Glycine max), and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The prevalence of food allergies has risen significantly in recent years including chance of accidental exposure to such foods. In contrast, the standards of detection, diagnosis, and cure have not kept pace and unfortunately are often suboptimal. In this review, we mainly focus on the prevalence of allergies associated with peanut, tree nuts, wheat, soybean, and kidney bean, highlighting their physiological properties and functions as well as considering research directions for tailoring allergen gene expression. In particular, we discuss how recent advances in molecular breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing can be used to develop potential low allergen food crops that protect consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadthya Lokya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sejal Parmar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Arun K Pandey
- College of Life Science of China Jiliang University (CJLU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hari K Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Horticulture Department, The University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | | | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Alison Baker
- Centre for Plant Sciences and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Pei Xu
- College of Life Science of China Jiliang University (CJLU), Hangzhou, China
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, India
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crops Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhu Guo
- USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga, India
| | | | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anirudh Kumar
- Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Crop Research Innovation Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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Bianco M, Ventura G, Calvano CD, Losito I, Cataldi TRI. Food allergen detection by mass spectrometry: From common to novel protein ingredients. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200427. [PMID: 37691088 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Food allergens are molecules, mainly proteins, that trigger immune responses in susceptible individuals upon consumption even when they would otherwise be harmless. Symptoms of a food allergy can range from mild to acute; this last effect is a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction. The European Union (EU) has identified 14 common food allergens, but new allergens are likely to emerge with constantly changing food habits. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a promising alternative to traditional antibody-based assays for quantifying multiple allergenic proteins in complex matrices with high sensitivity and selectivity. Here, the main allergenic proteins and the advantages and drawbacks of some MS acquisition protocols, such as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and data-dependent analysis (DDA) for identifying and quantifying common allergenic proteins in processed foodstuffs are summarized. Sections dedicated to novel foods like microalgae and insects as new sources of allergenic proteins are included, emphasizing the significance of establishing stable marker peptides and validated methods using database searches. The discussion involves the in-silico digestion of allergenic proteins, providing insights into their potential impact on immunogenicity. Finally, case studies focussing on microalgae highlight the value of MS as an effective analytical tool for ensuring regulatory compliance throughout the food control chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Centro interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima D Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Centro interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Centro interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Centro interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Guo W, Luo H, Cao Y, Jiang Z, Liu H, Zou J, Sheng C, Xi Y. Multi-omics research on common allergens during the ripening of pollen and poplar flocs of Populus deltoides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136613. [PMID: 37396639 PMCID: PMC10313134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Populus deltoides is widely cultivated in China and produces a large number of pollen and poplar flocs from March to June per year. Previous studies have found that the pollen of P. deltoides contains allergens. However, studies on the ripening mechanism of pollen/poplar flocs and their common allergens are very limited. Methods Proteomics and metabolomics were used to study the changes of proteins and metabolites in pollen and poplar flocs of P. deltoides at different developmental stages. Allergenonline database was used to identify common allergens in pollen and poplar flocs at different developmental stages. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the biological activity of common allergens between mature pollen and poplar flocs. Results In total, 1400 differently expressed proteins (DEPs) and 459 different metabolites (DMs) were identified from pollen and poplar flocs at different developmental stages. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEPs in pollen and poplar flocs were significantly enriched in ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathways. The DMs in pollen are mainly involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and arginine biosynthesis, while the DMs in poplar flocs are mainly involved in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Additionally, 72 common allergens were identified in pollen and poplar flocs at different developmental stages. WB showed that there were distinct binding bands between 70 and 17KD at the two groups of allergens. Conclusions A multitude of proteins and metabolites are closely related to the ripening of pollen and poplar flocs of Populus deltoides, and they contain common allergens between mature pollen and poplar flocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ziyun Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jie Zou
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Changle Sheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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Zhang Y, Che H, Li C, Jin T. Food Allergens of Plant Origin. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112232. [PMID: 37297475 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents an update on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food allergens in plant sources, focusing on the few protein families that contribute to multiple food allergens from different species and protein families recently found to contain food allergens. The structures and structural components of the food allergens in the allergen families may provide further directions for discovering new food allergens. Answers as to what makes some food proteins allergens are still elusive. Factors to be considered in mitigating food allergens include the abundance of the protein in a food, the property of short stretches of the sequence of the protein that may constitute linear IgE binding epitopes, the structural properties of the protein, its stability to heat and digestion, the food matrix the protein is in, and the antimicrobial activity to the microbial flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, recent data suggest that widely used techniques for mapping linear IgE binding epitopes need to be improved by incorporating positive controls, and methodologies for mapping conformational IgE binding epitopes need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Huilian Che
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Caiming Li
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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Mattsson L, Holmqvist M, Porsch H, Larsson H, Pontoppidan B, Valcour A, Lidholm J. A new vicilin-like allergen in hazelnut giving rise to a spectrum of IgE-binding low-molecular-weight N-terminal fragments. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1208-1212. [PMID: 35851969 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andre Valcour
- Laboratory Corporation of America, Burlington, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Akarsu A, Ocak M, Sahiner UM, Soyer O, Sekerel BE. Multiplex component-based allergen macroarray test is useful to predict clinical reactivity to tree nuts in children. Allergol Int 2022; 71:236-247. [PMID: 34755603 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tree nut (TN) allergy, singleplex tests showed the diagnostic utility of rAna o 3, rCor a 14/nCor a 9, and nJug r 1/nJug r 4 for cashew/pistachio, hazelnut, and walnut allergies, respectively. However, disadvantages of the tests include high costs and excessive blood sampling in multi-sensitized patients, and a limited number of components. We investigated the utility of a multiplex macroarray (i.e., the ALEX2 test) in TN allergy. METHODS In 169 children, skin prick test, the component- and extract-specific IgEs of TNs were investigated for clinical reactivity and tolerance. RESULTS The predictors (AUC = 0.962-0.749) of clinical reactivity to cashew, pistachio, hazelnut, and walnut were rPis v 1/rAna o 3, rPis v 1/rAna o 3/nPis v 2/nPis v 3, rCor a 14/nCor a 11/nCor a 9, and nJug r 1/nJug r 2/nJug r 6/nJug r 4, respectively. More than 93% of the patients with clinical reactivity to pistachio/cashew, hazelnut and walnut had positivity of (≥0.3 kUA/L) rPis v 1/rAna o 3, rCor a 14 and nJug r 1/nJug r 2, respectively. The highest accuracies of clinical reactivity to culprit nut were obtained with combination of rPis v 1, sIgE and SPT positivities for cashew/pistachio, rPis v 1 ≥ 1.0 kUA/L for pistachio, rCor a 14 ≥ 1.0 kUA/L for hazelnut and combination of nJug r 1 and nJug r 2 positivities for walnut, respectively. Also, higher concentrations of rPis v 1 (≥15.0 kUA/L), rCor a 14 (≥5.0 kUA/L) and nJug r 1/nJug r 2 (≥15.0 kUA/L) had %100 specificity and PPV in predicting clinical reactivity to cashew, hazelnut and walnut, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Multiplex macroarray test is useful and reliable in the diagnosis of TN allergy in children, confirms and expands existing knowledge, and can be used as a stand-alone tool in the bottom-up diagnostic approach.
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Fuhrmann V, Huang HJ, Akarsu A, Shilovskiy I, Elisyutina O, Khaitov M, van Hage M, Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Valenta R, Sekerel BE. From Allergen Molecules to Molecular Immunotherapy of Nut Allergy: A Hard Nut to Crack. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742732. [PMID: 34630424 PMCID: PMC8496898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanuts and tree nuts are two of the most common elicitors of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. Nut allergy is frequently associated with systemic reactions and can lead to potentially life-threatening respiratory and circulatory symptoms. Furthermore, nut allergy usually persists throughout life. Whether sensitized patients exhibit severe and life-threatening reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis), mild and/or local reactions (e.g., pollen-food allergy syndrome) or no relevant symptoms depends much on IgE recognition of digestion-resistant class I food allergens, IgE cross-reactivity of class II food allergens with respiratory allergens and clinically not relevant plant-derived carbohydrate epitopes, respectively. Accordingly, molecular allergy diagnosis based on the measurement of allergen-specific IgE levels to allergen molecules provides important information in addition to provocation testing in the diagnosis of food allergy. Molecular allergy diagnosis helps identifying the genuinely sensitizing nuts, it determines IgE sensitization to class I and II food allergen molecules and hence provides a basis for personalized forms of treatment such as precise prescription of diet and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Currently available forms of nut-specific AIT are based only on allergen extracts, have been mainly developed for peanut but not for other nuts and, unlike AIT for respiratory allergies which utilize often subcutaneous administration, are given preferentially by the oral route. Here we review prevalence of allergy to peanut and tree nuts in different populations of the world, summarize knowledge regarding the involved nut allergen molecules and current AIT approaches for nut allergy. We argue that nut-specific AIT may benefit from molecular subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) approaches but identify also possible hurdles for such an approach and explain why molecular SCIT may be a hard nut to crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Fuhrmann
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huey-Jy Huang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aysegul Akarsu
- Division of Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University, Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory for Molecular Allergology, National Research Center (NRC) Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bulent Enis Sekerel
- Division of Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Benedé S, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Cristobal S, Costa J, D'Auria E, Velickovic TC, Garrido-Arandia M, Karakaya S, Mafra I, Mazzucchelli G, Picariello G, Romero-Sahagun A, Villa C, Roncada P, Molina E. New applications of advanced instrumental techniques for the characterization of food allergenic proteins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8686-8702. [PMID: 34060381 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1931806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches based on electrophoretic, chromatographic or immunochemical principles have allowed characterizing multiple allergens, mapping their epitopes, studying their mechanisms of action, developing detection and diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for the food and pharmaceutical industry. However, some of the common structural features related to the allergenic potential of food proteins remain unknown, or the pathological mechanism of food allergy is not yet fully understood. In addition, it is also necessary to evaluate new allergens from novel protein sources that may pose a new risk for consumers. Technological development has allowed the expansion of advanced technologies for which their whole potential has not been entirely exploited and could provide novel contributions to still unexplored molecular traits underlying both the structure of food allergens and the mechanisms through which they sensitize or elicit adverse responses in human subjects, as well as improving analytical techniques for their detection. This review presents cutting-edge instrumental techniques recently applied when studying structural and functional aspects of proteins, mechanism of action and interaction between biomolecules. We also exemplify their role in the food allergy research and discuss their new possible applications in several areas of the food allergy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Enza D'Auria
- Clinica Pediatrica, Ospedale dei Bambini Vittore Buzzi, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea.,Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sibel Karakaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Mazzucchelli
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Alejandro Romero-Sahagun
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Calvano CD, Bianco M, Losito I, Cataldi TRI. Proteomic Analysisof Food Allergens by MALDI TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2178:357-376. [PMID: 33128761 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0775-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is largely recognized as an important tool in the analysis of many biomolecules such as proteins and peptides. The MS analysis of digested peptides to identify a protein or some of its modifications is a key step in proteomics. MALDI-MS is well suited for the peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) technique, as well as selected fragmentation of various precursors using collisional-induced dissociation (CID) or post-source decay (PSD).In the last few years, MALDI-MS has played a significant role in food chemistry, especially in the detection of food adulterations, characterization of food allergens, and investigation of protein structural modifications induced by various industrial processes that could be an issue in terms of food quality and safety.Here, we present simple extraction protocols of allergenic proteins in food commodities such as milk, egg, hazelnut , and lupin seeds. Classic bottom-up approaches based on Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) gel electrophoresis separation followed by in-gel digestion or direct in-solution digestion of whole samples are described. MALDI-MS and MS /MS analyses are discussed along with a comparison of data obtained by using the most widespread matrices for proteomic studies, namely, α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (CHCA) and α-cyano-4-chloro-cinnamic acid (CClCA). The choice of the most suitable MALDI matrix is fundamental for high-throughput screening of putative food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima D Calvano
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Farmacia- Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Mariachiara Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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10
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Monopoli A, Nacci A, Cataldi TRI, Calvano CD. Synthesis and Matrix Properties of α-Cyano-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadienic Acid (CPPA) for Intact Proteins Analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246054. [PMID: 33371472 PMCID: PMC7767571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of a synthesized matrix, α-cyano-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadienic acid (CPPA), for protein analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in complex samples such as foodstuff and bacterial extracts, is demonstrated. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption along with laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) experiments were systematically conducted in positive ion mode under standard Nd:YLF laser excitation with the aim of characterizing the matrix in terms of wavelength absorption and proton affinity. Besides, the results for standard proteins revealed that CPPA significantly enhanced the protein signals, reduced the spot-to-spot variability and increased the spot homogeneity. The CPPA matrix was successful employed to investigate intact microorganisms, milk and seed extracts for protein profiling. Compared to conventional matrices such as sinapinic acid (SA), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (CClCA), CPPA exhibited better signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and a uniform response for most examined proteins occurring in milk, hazelnut and in intact bacterial cells of E. coli. These findings not only provide a reactive proton transfer MALDI matrix with excellent reproducibility and sensitivity, but also contribute to extending the battery of useful matrices for intact protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Monopoli
- Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli, Ufficio delle Dogane di Bari, Corso De Tullio, 70122 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Nacci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
| | - Tommaso R. I. Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca S.M.A.R.T., 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima D. Calvano
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca S.M.A.R.T., 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Zhang Y, Jin T. Almond allergens: update and perspective on identification and characterization. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4657-4663. [PMID: 32270879 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Almond (Prunus dulcis) is not only widely used as a human food as a result of its flavor, nutrients, and health benefits, but it is also one of the most likely tree nuts to trigger allergies. Almond allergens, however, have not been studied as extensively as those of peanuts and other selected tree nuts. This review provides an update of the molecular properties of almond allergens to clarify some confusion about the identities of almond allergens and our perspective on characterizing putative almond allergens. At present, the following almond allergens have been designated by the World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee: Pru du 3 (a non-specific lipid transfer protein 1, nsLTP1), Pru du 4 (a profilin), Pru du 5 (60S acidic ribosomal protein 2), Pru du 6 (an 11S legumin known as prunin) and Pru du 8 (an antimicrobial protein with cC3C repeats). Besides, almond vicilin and almond γ-conglutin have been identified as food allergens, although further characterization of these allergens is still of interest. In addition, almond 2S albumin was reported as a food allergen as a result of the misidentification of Pru du 8. Two more almond proteins have been called allergens based on their sequence homology with known food allergens and their 'membership' in relevant protein families that contain allergens in many species. These include the pathogenesis related-10 protein (referred to as Pru du 1) and the thaumatin-like protein (referred to as Pru du 2). Almonds thus have five known food allergens and five more likely ones that need to be investigated further. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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12
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Abstract
This review searched for published evidence that could explain how different physicochemical properties impact on the allergenicity of food proteins and if their effects would follow specific patterns among distinct protein families. Owing to the amount and complexity of the collected information, this literature overview was divided in two articles, the current one dedicated to protein families of plant allergens and a second one focused on animal allergens. Our extensive analysis of the available literature revealed that physicochemical characteristics had consistent effects on protein allergenicity for allergens belonging to the same protein family. For example, protein aggregation contributes to increased allergenicity of 2S albumins, while for legumins and cereal prolamins, the same phenomenon leads to a reduction. Molecular stability, related to structural resistance to heat and proteolysis, was identified as the most common feature promoting plant protein allergenicity, although it fails to explain the potency of some unstable allergens (e.g. pollen-related food allergens). Furthermore, data on physicochemical characteristics translating into clinical effects are limited, mainly because most studies are focused on in vitro IgE binding. Clinical data assessing how these parameters affect the development and clinical manifestation of allergies is minimal, with only few reports evaluating the sensitising capacity of modified proteins (addressing different physicochemical properties) in murine allergy models. In vivo testing of modified pure proteins by SPT or DBPCFC is scarce. At this stage, a systematic approach to link the physicochemical properties with clinical plant allergenicity in real-life scenarios is still missing.
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13
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Barazorda-Ccahuana HL, Theiss-De-Rosso V, Valencia DE, Gómez B. Heat-Stable Hazelnut Profilin: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Immunoinformatics Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1742. [PMID: 32764224 PMCID: PMC7464029 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat treatment can modify the allergenic potential, reducing allergenicity in specific proteins. Profilins are one of the important hazelnut allergens; these proteins are considered panallergens due to their high capacity for cross-reactivity with other allergens. In the present work, we evaluated the thermostability of hazelnut profilin, combining molecular dynamics simulation and immunoinformatic techniques. This approach helped us to have reliable results in immunogenicity studies. We modeled Cor a 2 profilin and applied annealing simulation, equilibrium, and production simulation at constant temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 K using Gromacs software. Despite the hazelnut profilins being able to withstand temperatures of up to 400 K, this does not seem to reduce its allergenicity. We have found that profilin subjected to temperatures of 450 and 500 K could generate cross-reactivity with other food allergens. In conclusion, we note a remarkable thermostability of Cor a 2 at 400 K which avoids its structural unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna L. Barazorda-Ccahuana
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular—CIIM, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n—Umacollo, Arequipa 04000, Peru; (D.E.V.); (B.G.)
| | | | - Diego Ernesto Valencia
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular—CIIM, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n—Umacollo, Arequipa 04000, Peru; (D.E.V.); (B.G.)
| | - Badhin Gómez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería Molecular—CIIM, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José s/n—Umacollo, Arequipa 04000, Peru; (D.E.V.); (B.G.)
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14
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Pitre M, L’Hocine L, Achouri A, Blaquière M, Des Roches A. Immunoglobulin E-Binding Pattern of Canadian Peanut Allergic Children and Cross-Reactivity with Almond, Hazelnut and Pistachio. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1091. [PMID: 32707944 PMCID: PMC7464554 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut allergic individuals can be both co-sensitized and co-allergic to peanut and tree nuts. At the moment, standard diagnostic approaches do not always allow differentiation between clinically relevant sensitization and nonsignificant cross-reactions, and the responsibility of each allergen remains unclear. The objective of this study was therefore to determine a peanut sensitization profile in a cohort of Canadian peanut allergic children and assess the immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecular cross-reactivity between peanut, almond, hazelnut and pistachio. The specific IgE (sIgE) levels of each patient serum were determined by ImmunoCAP, indirect ELISA and immunoblot to examine their sIgE-binding levels and profiles to peanut proteins. Reciprocal inhibition ELISA and immunoblotting were used to study sIgE cross-reactions between peanut and the selected tree nuts using an adjusted and representative serum pool of the nine allergic patients. The results showed that the prepared peanut and tree nut protein extracts allowed for the detection of the majority of peanut and selected tree nut known allergens. The reciprocal inhibition ELISA experiments showed limited sIgE cross-reactivities between peanut and the studied tree nuts, with peanut being most likely the sensitizing allergen and tree nuts the cross-reactive ones. In the case of hazelnut and pistachio, a coexisting primary sensitization to hazelnut and pistachio was also demonstrated in the serum pool. Reciprocal inhibition immunoblotting further revealed that storage proteins (2S albumin, 7S vicilin and 11S legumin) could possibly account for the observed IgE-cross-reactions between peanut and the studied tree nuts in this cohort of allergic individuals. It also demonstrated the importance of conformational epitopes in the exhibited cross-reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Pitre
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Lamia L’Hocine
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd. W. Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; (M.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Martin Blaquière
- Sherbrooke University Hospital Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Sherbrooke, Department of Pediatrics, 580 Bowen south, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E3, Canada;
| | - Anne Des Roches
- Immunoallergy and Rheumatology Service Department of Pediatrics Medical School CHU Sainte-Justine Institution, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
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15
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Larsen JM, Bang-Berthelsen CH, Qvortrup K, Sancho AI, Hansen AH, Andersen KIH, Thacker SSN, Eiwegger T, Upton J, Bøgh KL. Production of allergen-specific immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of food allergy. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:881-894. [PMID: 32515236 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1772194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) is emerging as a viable avenue for the treatment of food allergies. Clinical trials currently investigate raw or slightly processed foods as therapeutic agents, as trials using food-grade agents can be performed without the strict regulations to which conventional drugs are subjected. However, this limits the ability of standardization and may affect clinical trial outcomes and reproducibility. Herein, we provide an overview of methods used in the production of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of food allergies, including processed foods, allergen extracts, recombinant allergens, and synthetic peptides, as well as the physical and chemical processes for the reduction of protein allergenicity. Commercial interests currently favor producing standardized drug-grade allergen extracts for therapeutic use, and clinical trials are ongoing. In the near future, recombinant production could replace purification strategies since it allows the manufacturing of pure, native allergens or sequence-modified allergens with reduced allergenicity. A recurring issue within this field is the inadequate reporting of production procedures, quality control, product physicochemical characteristics, allergenicity, and immunological properties. This information is of vital importance in assessing therapeutic standardization and clinical safety profile, which are central parameters for the development of future therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Madura Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ana Isabel Sancho
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, The Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia Upton
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, The Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Van Vlierberghe K, Gavage M, Dieu M, Renard P, Arnould T, Gillard N, Coudijzer K, De Loose M, Gevaert K, Van Poucke C. Selection of universal peptide biomarkers for the detection of the allergen hazelnut in food trough a comprehensive, high resolution mass spectrometric (HRMS) based approach. Food Chem 2020; 309:125679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Che H, Zhang Y, Lyu SC, Nadeau KC, McHugh T. Identification of Almond ( Prunus dulcis) Vicilin As a Food Allergen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:425-432. [PMID: 30512943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Almond is one of the tree nuts listed by U.S. FDA as a food allergen source. A food allergen identified with patient sera has been debated to be the 2S albumin or the 7S vicilin. However, neither of these proteins has been defined as a food allergen. The purpose of this study was to clone, express, and purify almond vicilin and test whether it is a food allergen. Western blot experiment was performed with 18 individual sera from patients with double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical almond allergy. The results showed that 44% of the sera contained IgE antibodies that recognized the recombinant almond vicilin, indicating that it is an almond allergen. Identifying this and additional almond allergens will facilitate the understanding of the allergenicity of seed proteins in tree nuts and their cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , No. 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District , Beijing 100038 , P. R. China
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , 269 Campus Drive , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Tara McHugh
- Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Western Regional Research Center , U. S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street , Albany , California 94710 , United States
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18
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Mouzo D, Bernal J, López-Pedrouso M, Franco D, Zapata C. Advances in the Biology of Seed and Vegetative Storage Proteins Based on Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:E2462. [PMID: 30261600 PMCID: PMC6222612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed storage proteins play a fundamental role in plant reproduction and human nutrition. They accumulate during seed development as reserve material for germination and seedling growth and are a major source of dietary protein for human consumption. Storage proteins encompass multiple isoforms encoded by multi-gene families that undergo abundant glycosylations and phosphorylations. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) is a proteomic tool especially suitable for the characterization of storage proteins because of their peculiar characteristics. In particular, storage proteins are soluble multimeric proteins highly represented in the seed proteome that contain polypeptides of molecular mass between 10 and 130 kDa. In addition, high-resolution profiles can be achieved by applying targeted 2-DE protocols. 2-DE coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) has traditionally been the methodology of choice in numerous studies on the biology of storage proteins in a wide diversity of plants. 2-DE-based reference maps have decisively contributed to the current state of our knowledge about storage proteins in multiple key aspects, including identification of isoforms and quantification of their relative abundance, identification of phosphorylated isoforms and assessment of their phosphorylation status, and dynamic changes of isoforms during seed development and germination both qualitatively and quantitatively. These advances have translated into relevant information about meaningful traits in seed breeding such as protein quality, longevity, gluten and allergen content, stress response and antifungal, antibacterial, and insect susceptibility. This review addresses progress on the biology of storage proteins and application areas in seed breeding using 2-DE-based maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mouzo
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Javier Bernal
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María López-Pedrouso
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Daniel Franco
- Meat Technology Center of Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Carlos Zapata
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Jug r 6 is the allergenic vicilin present in walnut responsible for IgE cross-reactivities to other tree nuts and seeds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11366. [PMID: 30054513 PMCID: PMC6063931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnuts are ranked high in the list of the culprit foods inducing severe allergic reactions. Jug r 2 has been identified as a major allergen in common walnut by cDNA cloning from a somatic cell line. So far, studies were performed on the allergenic activity of recombinant Jug r 2, yet there is still no evidence about the physicochemical characteristics of the natural allergen. Therefore, we aimed to purify and deeply characterize natural Jug r 2 and to assess IgE cross-reactivity among vicilins from different tree nuts. Extensive mass spectrometry analysis of the obtained purified vicilin allowed identification of the protein sequence that displayed only 44% identity to Jug r 2. The newly identified vicilin (Jug r 6) was recognized by IgE of 26% in walnut allergic patients’ sera tested. In contrast to Jug r 2, Jug r 6 displayed a remarkable level of cross-reactivity when tested with homologues from hazelnut, sesame and pistachio. It is the first report showing the necessity of proteomic studies to improve allergy component resolved diagnosis.
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20
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Geiselhart S, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Bublin M. Tree nut allergens. Mol Immunol 2018; 100:71-81. [PMID: 29680588 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tree nuts are considered as part of a healthy diet due to their high nutritional quality. However, they are also a potent source of allergenic proteins inducing IgE mediated hypersensitivity often causing serious, life-threatening reactions. The reported prevalence of tree nut allergy is up to 4.9% worldwide. The general term "tree nuts" comprises a number of nuts, seeds, and drupes, derived from trees from different botanical families. For hazelnut and walnut several allergens have been identified which are already partly applied in component resolved diagnosis, while for other tree nuts such as macadamia, coconut, and Brazil nut only individual allergens were identified and data on additional allergenic proteins are missing. This review summarizes the current knowledge on tree nut allergens and describes their physicochemical and immunological characterization and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Geiselhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Abstract
Tree nut (TN) allergy is common and often severe. It has become an important health concern as availability and consumption have increased. Prevalence varies by age and geographic region and appears to have increased in children. Accidental ingestion of TNs is common. Unfortunately, there is a lower likelihood of resolution of TN allergy, roughly 10%. TN-specific skin tests and serum immunoglobulin E levels can help aid in the diagnosis of TN allergy, but a careful medical history is important because a positive test in isolation is not typically diagnostic. Component-resolved diagnostic tests are being increasingly utilized and may improve accuracy. Management consists of strict avoidance of the causal nut(s) and prompt treatment of symptoms upon accidental exposure. A specific consideration with regard to the management of TN allergy is the decision to avoid all TNs or only the TNs to which a patient is clinically allergic. There are currently no data on the primary or secondary prevention of TN allergy. Treatment strategies are being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Weinberger
- The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Sicherer
- The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Datema MR, van Ree R, Asero R, Barreales L, Belohlavkova S, de Blay F, Clausen M, Dubakiene R, Fernández-Perez C, Fritsche P, Gislason D, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz M, Jongejan L, Knulst AC, Kowalski M, Kralimarkova TZ, Le TM, Lidholm J, Papadopoulos NG, Popov TA, del Prado N, Purohit A, Reig I, Seneviratne SL, Sinaniotis A, Versteeg SA, Vieths S, Zwinderman AH, Mills ENC, Fernández-Rivas M, Ballmer-Weber B. Component-resolved diagnosis and beyond: Multivariable regression models to predict severity of hazelnut allergy. Allergy 2018; 73:549-559. [PMID: 28986984 DOI: 10.1111/all.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) has revealed significant associations between IgE against individual allergens and severity of hazelnut allergy. Less attention has been given to combining them with clinical factors in predicting severity. AIM To analyze associations between severity and sensitization patterns, patient characteristics and clinical history, and to develop models to improve predictive accuracy. METHODS Patients reporting hazelnut allergy (n = 423) from 12 European cities were tested for IgE against individual hazelnut allergens. Symptoms (reported and during Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge [DBPCFC]) were categorized in mild, moderate, and severe. Multiple regression models to predict severity were generated from clinical factors and sensitization patterns (CRD- and extract-based). Odds ratios (ORs) and areas under receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) were used to evaluate their predictive value. RESULTS Cor a 9 and 14 were positively (OR 10.5 and 10.1, respectively), and Cor a 1 negatively (OR 0.14) associated with severe symptoms during DBPCFC, with AUCs of 0.70-073. Combining Cor a 1 and 9 improved this to 0.76. A model using a combination of atopic dermatitis (risk), pollen allergy (protection), IgE against Cor a 14 (risk) and walnut (risk) increased the AUC to 0.91. At 92% sensitivity, the specificity was 76.3%, and the positive and negative predictive values 62.2% and 95.7%, respectively. For reported symptoms, associations and generated models proved to be almost identical but weaker. CONCLUSION A model combining CRD with clinical background and extract-based serology is superior to CRD alone in assessing the risk of severe reactions to hazelnut, particular in ruling out severe reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Datema
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - R. van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - R. Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia; Clinica San Carlo; Paderno Dugnano Italy
| | - L. Barreales
- Allergy Department; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC; Madrid Spain
| | | | - F. de Blay
- Allergy Division; Chest Disease Department; Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France
| | - M. Clausen
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Landspitali University Hospital; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - R. Dubakiene
- Medical Faculty; Vilnius University; Vilnius Lithuania
| | | | - P. Fritsche
- Allergy Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - D. Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Landspitali University Hospital; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - K. Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Faculty of Medicine; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - L. Jongejan
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - A. C. Knulst
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - M. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Faculty of Medicine; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - T. Z. Kralimarkova
- Clinic of Allergy and Asthma; Medical University of Sofia; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - T.-M. Le
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - J. Lidholm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific; Uppsala Sweden
| | - N. G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department; 2nd Pediatric Clinic; University of Athens; Athens Greece
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health; Institute of Human Development; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - T. A. Popov
- Clinic of Allergy and Asthma; Medical University of Sofia; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - N. del Prado
- Clinical epidemiology Unit; Preventive Medicine Department; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC; Madrid Spain
| | - A. Purohit
- Allergy Division; Chest Disease Department; Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France
| | - I. Reig
- Allergy Department; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC; Madrid Spain
| | - S. L. Seneviratne
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation; University College London; London UK
| | - A. Sinaniotis
- Allergy Department; 2nd Pediatric Clinic; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - S. A. Versteeg
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - S. Vieths
- Division of Allergology; Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines; Langen Germany
| | - A. H. Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - E. N. C. Mills
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | | | - B. Ballmer-Weber
- Allergy Unit; Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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Abstract
Recombinant protein allergens have been used in allergy studies, allergy diagnosis, and epitope mapping. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are isolated from tissues of interest for complementary DNA (cDNA) library construction. Subsequently, the allergen gene is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The amplified gene is then cloned into an expression vector, expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and purified from the cell lysate. This chapter describes the protocols for recombinant allergen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, 308 ENS Bldg., 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-7251, USA
| | - LeAnna N Willison
- School of Science, Mathematics and Computing, Albany State University, Albany, GA, 31707, USA
| | - Shridhar K Sathe
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, 420 Sandels Bldg., 120 Convocation Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-1493, USA.
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Korte R, Bräcker J, Brockmeyer J. Gastrointestinal digestion of hazelnut allergens on molecular level: Elucidation of degradation kinetics and resistant immunoactive peptides using mass spectrometry. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28677900 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Allergy to hazelnut seeds ranks among the most prevalent food allergies in Europe. The aim of this study was to elucidate the gastrointestinal digestion of hazelnut allergens on molecular level. METHODS AND RESULTS Hazelnut flour was digested in vitro following the Infogest consensus model. For six allergenic proteins, the time-dependent course of digestion was monitored by SDS-PAGE and HPLC-MS/MS, and degradation products were characterized by a bottom-up proteomics approach. Depending on the molecular structure, a specific biochemical fate was observed for each allergen, and degradation kinetics were traced back to the peptide level. 1183 peptides were characterized, including 130 peptides that carry known IgE-binding epitopes and may represent sensitizers for hazelnut allergy. The kinetics of peptide formation and degradation were determined by label-free quantification and follow a complex multi-stage mechanism. CONCLUSION We present a comprehensive survey on the gastrointestinal digestion of a relevant allergenic food on level of the peptidome, including the first systematic characterization and quantification of degradation products. This provides information on the differential resistance of plant food allergens and their structural elements undergoing digestion and forms the basis for a deeper understanding of the molecular principles responsible for sensitization to food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Korte
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Bräcker
- Analytical Food Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Analytical Food Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Korte R, Happe J, Brümmer I, Brockmeyer J. Structural Characterization of the Allergenic 2S Albumin Cor a 14: Comparing Proteoform Patterns across Hazelnut Cultivars. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:988-998. [PMID: 28112517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hazelnut allergen Cor a 14 belongs to the 2S albumins, a family of heterodimeric seed storage proteins exhibiting a high degree of structural diversity. Given its relevance as an allergen and the potential to elicit severe reactions, elucidation of the sequence heterogeneity of naturally occurring Cor a 14 is essential for the development of reliable diagnostics and risk evaluation. We therefore performed a comprehensive survey on the proteoforms of Cor a 14 and determined their quantitative distribution in three different hazelnut cultivars by a combinatory HPLC-HRMS approach including bottom-up and intact mass analysis. Compared with the Cor a 14 prototype sequence, we identified three sequence polymorphisms, two of the small and one of the large subunit, and elucidated their specific pairing on the protein level. Furthermore, we located a pronounced microheterogeneity on the protein termini and, for the first time, provide data on varying proteoform patterns between different cultivars of an allergenic seed. Together, these data present the basis for a more detailed investigation on the allergenicity of Cor a 14 in different cultivars and constitute, to be best of our knowledge, the largest set of proteoforms so far reported for a 2S albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Korte
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Happe
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ina Brümmer
- Analytical Food Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Analytical Food Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Lötzsch B, Dölle S, Vieths S, Worm M. Exploratory analysis of CD63 and CD203c expression in basophils from hazelnut sensitized and allergic individuals. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:45. [PMID: 27999658 PMCID: PMC5153676 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitization to hazelnut (HN) is frequent and requires clarification to determine whether this sensitization is clinically relevant. The aim of this study was to investigate basophil activation profiles in HN-sensitized and allergic subjects. Methods Basophil activation was determined by flow cytometric analyses of CD63 and CD203c expression using several HN allergen concentrations. Depending on their clinical reaction pattern, an oral allergy symptom group (OAS, n = 20), a systemic reaction group (n = 12) and a sensitized group without clinical symptoms (n = 20) were identified. Additionally, 10 non-allergic and non-sensitized individuals served as controls. Results CD63 and CD203c expression differed between allergic (OAS and systemic group) and sensitized subjects. The HN concentration required to activate 30% of CD203c+ basophils [effective concentration (EC)30] was significantly higher in sensitized versus the allergic group (p = 0.0089). This was more pronounced when the basophil allergen threshold sensitivity (CD-sens) was calculated (CD63: p = 0.018; CD203c: p = 0.009). Conclusion Our data indicate that the basophil activation test may provide information to better distinguish between sensitized and allergic subjects if several allergen concentrations are considered. CD203c expression displayed a better discrimination compared to CD63; therefore, its diagnostic value might be superior compared with CD63. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0134-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lötzsch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Dölle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Allergy-Center-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Mahesh PA, Wong GWK, Ogorodova L, Potts J, Leung TF, Fedorova O, Holla AD, Fernandez-Rivas M, Clare Mills EN, Kummeling I, Versteeg SA, van Ree R, Yazdanbakhsh M, Burney P. Prevalence of food sensitization and probable food allergy among adults in India: the EuroPrevall INCO study. Allergy 2016; 71:1010-9. [PMID: 27297800 DOI: 10.1111/all.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data are lacking regarding the prevalence of food sensitization and probable food allergy among general population in India. We report the prevalence of sensitization and probable food allergy to 24 common foods among adults from general population in Karnataka, South India. METHODOLOGY The study was conducted in two stages: a screening study and a case-control study. A total of 11 791 adults in age group 20-54 were randomly sampled from general population in South India and answered a screening questionnaire. A total of 588 subjects (236 cases and 352 controls) participated in the case-control study involving a detailed questionnaire and specific IgE estimation for 24 common foods. RESULTS A high level of sensitization (26.5%) was observed for most of the foods in the general population, higher than that observed among adults in Europe, except for those foods that cross-react with birch pollen. Most of the sensitization was observed in subjects who had total IgE above the median IgE level. A high level of cross-reactivity was observed among different pollens and foods and among foods. The prevalence of probable food allergy (self-reports of adverse symptoms after the consumption of food and specific IgE to the same food) was 1.2%, which was mainly accounted for cow's milk (0.5%) and apple (0.5%). CONCLUSION Very high levels of sensitization were observed for most foods, including those not commonly consumed in the general population. For the levels of sensitization, the prevalence of probable food allergy was low. This disassociation needs to be further explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Mahesh
- Department of Allergy; Allergy Asthma Associates; Mysore Karnataka India
- Department of TB and Respiratory Medicine; JSS Medical College and Hospital; JSS University, Mysore Karnataka India
| | - Gary W. K. Wong
- Department of Pediatrics and School of Public Health; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, NT Hong Kong China
| | - L. Ogorodova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics; Siberian State Medical University; Tomsk Russia
| | - J. Potts
- Department of Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London London UK
| | - T. F. Leung
- Department of Pediatrics and School of Public Health; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, NT Hong Kong China
| | - O. Fedorova
- Department of Faculty Pediatrics; Siberian State Medical University; Tomsk Russia
| | - Amrutha D. Holla
- Department of Allergy; Allergy Asthma Associates; Mysore Karnataka India
| | | | - E. N. Clare Mills
- Respiratory and Allergy Centre; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - I. Kummeling
- Department of Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London London UK
| | - S. A. Versteeg
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - R. van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - M. Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - P. Burney
- Department of Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health; National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London London UK
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Loke I, Kolarich D, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Emerging roles of protein mannosylation in inflammation and infection. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:31-55. [PMID: 27086127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are frequently modified by complex carbohydrates (glycans) that play central roles in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues in humans and lower organisms. Mannose forms an essential building block of protein glycosylation, and its functional involvement as components of larger and diverse α-mannosidic glycoepitopes in important intra- and intercellular glycoimmunological processes is gaining recognition. With a focus on the mannose-rich asparagine (N-linked) glycosylation type, this review summarises the increasing volume of literature covering human and non-human protein mannosylation, including their structures, biosynthesis and spatiotemporal expression. The review also covers their known interactions with specialised host and microbial mannose-recognising C-type lectin receptors (mrCLRs) and antibodies (mrAbs) during inflammation and pathogen infection. Advances in molecular mapping technologies have recently revealed novel immuno-centric mannose-terminating truncated N-glycans, termed paucimannosylation, on human proteins. The cellular presentation of α-mannosidic glycoepitopes on N-glycoproteins appears tightly regulated; α-mannose determinants are relative rare glycoepitopes in physiological extracellular environments, but may be actively secreted or leaked from cells to transmit potent signals when required. Simultaneously, our understanding of the molecular basis on the recognition of mannosidic epitopes by mrCLRs including DC-SIGN, mannose receptor, mannose binding lectin and mrAb is rapidly advancing, together with the functional implications of these interactions in facilitating an effective immune response during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Ultimately, deciphering these complex mannose-based receptor-ligand interactions at the detailed molecular level will significantly advance our understanding of immunological disorders and infectious diseases, promoting the development of future therapeutics to improve patient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Loke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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L’Hocine L, Pitre M. Quantitative and qualitative optimization of allergen extraction from peanut and selected tree nuts. Part 2. Optimization of buffer and ionic strength using a full factorial experimental design. Food Chem 2016; 194:820-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Breiteneder H. Grundlagen natürlicher Allergene. ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Datema MR, Zuidmeer-Jongejan L, Asero R, Barreales L, Belohlavkova S, de Blay F, Bures P, Clausen M, Dubakiene R, Gislason D, Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz M, Kowalski ML, Knulst AC, Kralimarkova T, Le TM, Lovegrove A, Marsh J, Papadopoulos NG, Popov T, Del Prado N, Purohit A, Reese G, Reig I, Seneviratne SL, Sinaniotis A, Versteeg SA, Vieths S, Zwinderman AH, Mills C, Lidholm J, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Fernández-Rivas M, Ballmer-Weber B, van Ree R. Hazelnut allergy across Europe dissected molecularly: A EuroPrevall outpatient clinic survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:382-91. [PMID: 25772593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hazelnut allergy is birch pollen-driven in Northern/Western Europe and lipid transfer protein-driven in Spain and Italy. Little is known about other regions and other allergens. OBJECTIVE Establishing a molecular map of hazelnut allergy across Europe. METHODS In 12 European cities, subjects reporting reactions to hazelnut (n = 731) were evaluated and sensitization to 24 foods, 12 respiratory allergen sources, and latex was tested by using skin prick test and ImmunoCAP. A subset (124 of 731) underwent a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge to hazelnut. Sera of 423 of 731 subjects were analyzed for IgE against 7 hazelnut allergens and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants by ImmunoCAP. RESULTS Hazelnut allergy was confirmed in 70% of those undergoing double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges. Birch pollen-driven hazelnut sensitization (Cor a 1) dominated in most cities, except in Reykjavik, Sofia, Athens, and Madrid, where reporting of hazelnut allergy was less frequent anyhow. In Athens, IgE against Cor a 8 dominated and strongly correlated with IgE against walnut, peach, and apple and against Chenopodium, plane tree, and mugwort pollen. Sensitization to seed storage proteins was observed in less than 10%, mainly in children, and correlated with IgE to nuts, seeds, and legumes. IgE to Cor a 12, observed in all cities (10% to 25%), correlated with IgE to nuts, seeds, and pollen. CONCLUSIONS In adulthood, the importance of hazelnut sensitization to storage proteins, oleosin (Cor a 12), and Cor a 8 is diluted by the increased role of birch pollen cross-reactivity with Cor a 1. Cor a 8 sensitization in the Mediterranean is probably driven by diet in combination with pollen exposure. Hazelnut oleosin sensitization is prevalent across Europe; however, the clinical relevance remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareen R Datema
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Laura Barreales
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Frédéric de Blay
- Allergy Division, Chest Disease Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter Bures
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Clausen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - David Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Marek L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - André C Knulst
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanya Kralimarkova
- Clinic of Allergy and Asthma, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thuy-My Le
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alison Lovegrove
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Marsh
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Todor Popov
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Insitut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Náyade Del Prado
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ashok Purohit
- Allergy Division, Chest Disease Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gerald Reese
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Insitut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Isabel Reig
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Suranjith L Seneviratne
- Department of Clinical Immunology, St Mary's Hospital, and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Serge A Versteeg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Insitut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clare Mills
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Costa J, Mafra I, Carrapatoso I, Oliveira MBPP. Hazelnut Allergens: Molecular Characterization, Detection, and Clinical Relevance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:2579-2605. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.826173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
The literature supports the notion that carbohydrate epitopes, on their own, do not contribute significantly to the induction of allergic reactions. They bind weakly to IgE antibodies and have been termed as cross reactive carbohydrate determinants. These epitopes cause confusion in in vitro IgE testing through nonspecific cross-reactivity. Coincident with the rising trends in food allergy prevalence, there has recently been reports of anaphylaxis induced by carbohydrate epitopes. There are two distinct groups, each with unique characteristics and geographical distribution. Anaphylaxis and acute allergic reactions related to the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) epitope that are present in the monoclonal antibody, cetuximab and red meat have been described in the United States and Europe populations where tick bites have been found to be the primary sensitizer. Another carbohydrate inducing anaphylaxis is galacto-oligosaccharides in commercial milk formula which has been described in the several Asian populations including Singapore. The latter is unique in that the allergen is a pure carbohydrate. We summarize the current literature on carbohydrate-induced food allergy, and evaluate the two new groups of carbohydrate allergy that have defied previous findings on carbohydrates and their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yi Soh
- Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat National Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore. ; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Chiung Hui Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat National Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore. ; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat National Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore. ; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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34
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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De Ceglie C, Calvano CD, Zambonin CG. Determination of hidden hazelnut oil proteins in extra virgin olive oil by cold acetone precipitation followed by in-solution tryptic digestion and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9401-9409. [PMID: 25209075 DOI: 10.1021/jf504007d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adulteration of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) with hazelnut oil (HO) is an illegal practice that could have severe health consequences for consumers due to the possible exposure to hidden hazelnut allergens. Here, matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used as a rapid and sensitive technique for the detection of a low concentration of hazelnut proteins in oil samples. Different protocols were tested for protein extraction, and the most efficient (cold acetone) was applied to HO and EVOO adulterated with HO. The subsequent in-solution tryptic digestion of protein extracts and MALDI-MS analysis, using α-cyano-4-chlorocinnamic acid as matrix, allowed the detection of stable hazelnut peptide markers (i.e., the m/z ions 1002.52, 1356.71, 1394.70, 1440.81, 1453.85, 1555.76, 1629.83, 1363.73, and 1528.67) attributable to the main hazelnut proteins Cor a 9, Cor a 11, and Cor a 1. Thus, the approach might allow the direct detection of specific hazelnut allergens in EVOO at low concentration without time-consuming pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina De Ceglie
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ‡Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca S.M.A.R.T., Università degli Studi di Bari , Aldo Moro Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Abstract
Peanut seeds are currently widely used as source of human food ingredients in the United States of America and in European countries due to their high quality protein and oil content. This article describes the classification and molecular biology of peanut seed allergens with particular reference to their cross-reactivities. Currently, the IUIS allergen nomenclature subcommittee accepts 12 peanut allergens. Two allergens belong to the cupin and four to the prolamin superfamily, and six are distributed among profilins, Bet v 1-like proteins, oleosins, and defensins. Clinical observations frequently report an association of peanut allergy with allergies to legumes, tree nuts, seeds, fruits and pollen. Molecular cross-reactivity has been described between members of the Bet v 1-like proteins, the non-specific lipid transfer proteins, and the profilins. This review also addresses the less well-studied cross-reactivity between cupin and prolamin allergens of peanuts and of other plant food sources and the recently discovered cross-reactivity between peanut allergens of unrelated protein families.
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Production and analysis of recombinant tree nut allergens. Methods 2014; 66:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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38
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Zuidmeer-Jongejan L, Fernández-Rivas M, Winter MGT, Akkerdaas JH, Summers C, Lebens A, Knulst AC, Schilte P, Briza P, Gadermaier G, van Ree R. Oil body-associated hazelnut allergens including oleosins are underrepresented in diagnostic extracts but associated with severe symptoms. Clin Transl Allergy 2014; 4:4. [PMID: 24484687 PMCID: PMC4015814 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil body-associated allergens such as oleosins have been reported for important allergenic foods such as peanut, sesame and hazelnut. Here we investigate whether oil body associated proteins (OAPs) are linked with specific clinical phenotypes and whether they are represented in skin prick test (SPT) reagents. METHODS A hazelnut OAP fraction was characterized by mass-spectrometry (MS) to identify its major constituents. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies were generated against hazelnut OAPs. The presence of OAPs in commercially available hazelnut SPTs was studied by immunoblot and spiking experiments. OAP-specific IgE antibodies were measured in sera from patients with a convincing history of hazelnut allergy by RAST (n = 91), immunoblot (n = 22) and basophil histamine release (BHR; n = 14). RESULTS Hazelnut OAPs were analysed by MS and found to be dominated by oleosins at ~14 and ~17 kDa, and a 27 kDa band containing oleosin dimers and unidentified protein. In 36/91 sera specific IgE against hazelnut OAPs was detected, and confirmed to be biologically active by BHR (n = 14). The majority (21/22) recognized the oleosin bands at 17 kDa on immunoblot, of which 11 exclusively. These OAP-specific IgE responses dominated by oleosin were associated with systemic reactions to hazelnut (OR 4.24; p = 0.015) and negative SPT (χ2 6.3, p = 0.012). Immunoblot analysis using OAP-specific rabbit antiserum demonstrated that commercial SPT reagents are virtually devoid of OAPs, sometimes (3/9) resulting in false-negative SPT. Spiking of SPT reagents with OAP restored serum IgE binding of these false-negative patients on immunoblot at mainly 17 kDa. CONCLUSION Hazelnut allergens found in oil bodies dominated by oleosin are associated with more severe systemic reactions and negative SPT. Defatted diagnostic extracts are virtually devoid of these allergens, resulting in poor sensitivity for detection of IgE antibodies against these clinically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurian Zuidmeer-Jongejan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel GT Winter
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H Akkerdaas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ans Lebens
- Department Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - André C Knulst
- Department Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Schilte
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, TheNetherlands
| | - Peter Briza
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Calvano CD, De Ceglie C, Zambonin CG. Proteomic analysis of complex protein samples by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1129:365-380. [PMID: 24648088 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-977-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MALDI MS has become a technique of considerable impact on many fields, from proteomics to lipidomics, including polymer analysis and, more recently, even low molecular weight analytes due to the introduction of matrix-less ionization techniques (e.g., DIOS) or new matrices such as ionic liquids, proton sponges, and metal nanoparticles. However, protein identification by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) still remains the main routine application. In the last few years, MALDI MS has played an emerging role in food chemistry especially in detection of food adulterations, characterization of food allergens, and investigation of protein structural modifications, induced by various industrial processes that could be detrimental for food quality and safety. Sample handling and pretreatment can be very different depending on the physical state, liquid or solid, of the analyzed matrices. Here, we describe simple protocols for protein extraction and MALDI MS analysis of liquid (milk) and solid (hazelnuts) samples taken as model. A classic approach based on a preliminary SDS gel electrophoresis separation followed by in-gel digestion and a faster approach based on in-solution digestion of whole samples are described and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy,
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Proteomic and immunological characterization of a new food allergen from hazelnut (Corylus avellana). J Proteomics 2013; 86:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tsai YM, Hsu SC, Zhang J, Zhou YF, Plunkett B, Huang SK, Gao PS. Functional interaction of cockroach allergens and mannose receptor (CD206) in human circulating fibrocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64105. [PMID: 23734186 PMCID: PMC3667076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate pattern recognition C-type-lectin receptors (CLRs), including mannose receptor (MRC1; CD206), have been suggested to functionally interact with allergens and are critical in controlling immune response. Fibrocytes have been considered to play a role in allergic asthma. Here we sought to investigate the functional interaction of cockroach allergens with CD206 in fibrocytes. METHODS Profiling of N-linked glycans from natural purified cockroach allergen Bla g 2 was accomplished by MALDI-MS. The binding activity of cockroach allergens to CD206 was determined by solid-phase binding assays. Levels of CD206 expression on human fibrocytes and CD206 mediated signaling and cytokine production in Bla g 2 treated fibrocytes were determined. RESULTS Profiling of N-linked glycans from Bla g 2 revealed a predominance of small, mannose-terminated glycans with and without fucose. Significant binding of Bla g 2 to CD206 was observed, which was inhibited by yeast mannan (a known CD206 ligand), free mannose, and a blocking antibody (anti-hMR). Flow cytometric analyses of human fibrocytes (CD45(+) and collagen-1(+)) showed selective expression of CD206 on fibrocytes. Functionally, a concentration-dependent uptake of FITC labeled Bla g 2 by fibrocytes was observed, but was significantly inhibited by anti-hMR. Bla g 2 can stimulate up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha and IL-6 and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB/p65), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), ERK, and JNK in cultured fibrocytes. This increased secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and activation of NF-kB, ERK, and JNK was significantly inhibited by the addition of either mannan or mannose. Furthermore, Bla g 2 induced increase in TNF-alpha and IL-6 production was also inhibited by the use of NF-kB, ERK, and JNK inhibitors. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence supporting the existence of a functional cockroach allergen-CD206 axis in human fibrocytes, suggesting a role for CD206 in regulating allergen induced allergic responses in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ming Tsai
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Hsu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jian Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Beverly Plunkett
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Song Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Sensitization to Cor a 9 and Cor a 14 is highly specific for a hazelnut allergy with objective symptoms in Dutch children and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:393-9. [PMID: 23582909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Component-resolved diagnosis has been shown to improve the diagnosis of food allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate whether component-resolved diagnosis might help to identify patients at risk of objective allergic reactions to hazelnut. METHOD A total of 161 hazelnut-sensitized patients were included: 40 children and 15 adults with objective symptoms on double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs) and 24 adults with a convincing objective history were compared with 41 children and 41 adults with no or subjective symptoms on DBPCFCs (grouped together). IgE levels to hazelnut extract and single components were analyzed with ImmunoCAP. RESULTS IgE levels to hazelnut extract were significantly higher in children with objective than with no or subjective symptoms. In 13% of children and 49% of adults with hazelnut allergy with objective symptoms, only sensitization to rCor a 1.04 was observed and not to other water-soluble allergens. Sensitization to rCor a 8 was rare, which is in contrast to rCor a 1. Sensitization to nCor a 9, rCor a 14, or both was strongly associated with hazelnut allergy with objective symptoms. By using adapted cutoff levels, a diagnostic discrimination between severity groups was obtained. IgE levels to either nCor a 9 of 1 kUA/L or greater or rCor a 14 of 5 kUA/L or greater (children) and IgE levels to either nCor a 9 of 1 kUA/L or greater or rCor a 14 of 1 kUA/L or greater (adults) had a specificity of greater than 90% and accounted for 83% of children and 44% of adults with hazelnut allergy with objective symptoms. CONCLUSION Sensitization to Cor a 9 and Cor a 14 is highly specific for patients with objective symptoms in DBPCFCs as a marker for a more severe hazelnut allergic phenotype.
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Alessandri S, Sancho A, Vieths S, Mills CEN, Wal JM, Shewry PR, Rigby N, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. High-throughput NMR assessment of the tertiary structure of food allergens. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39785. [PMID: 22768312 PMCID: PMC3388089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro component-resolved diagnosis of food allergy requires purified allergens that have to meet high standards of quality. These include the authentication of their conformation, which is relevant for the recognition by specific IgE antibodies from allergic patients. Therefore, highly sensitive and reliable screening methods for the analysis of proteins/allergens are required to assess their structural integrity. In the present study one-dimensional 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1D 1H-NMR) analysis was adopted for the assessment of overall structural and dynamic properties and authentication of a set of relevant food allergens, including non-specific lipid transfer proteins from apple, peach and hazelnut, 7/8S seed storage globulins from hazelnut and peanut, 11S seed storage globulins from hazelnut and peanut, caseins from cows' and goats' milk and tropomyosin from shrimp. Methodology/Principal Findings Two sets of 1D 1H-NMR experiments, using 700 MHz and 600 MHz instruments at 298 K were carried out to determine the presence and the extent of tertiary structure. Structural similarity among members of the individual allergen families was also assessed and changes under thermal stress investigated. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results were compared with structural information available either from the literature, Protein Data Bank entries, or derived from molecular models. Conclusions/Significance 1D 1H-NMR analysis of food allergens allowed their classification into molecules with rigid, extended and ordered tertiary structures, molecules without a rigid tertiary structure and molecules which displayed both features. Differences in thermal stability were also detected. In summary, 1D 1H-NMR gives insights into molecular fold of proteins and offers an independent method for assessing structural properties of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alessandri
- CERM, Centro di Ricerca di Risonanze Magnetiche and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Sancho
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Wal
- INRA, UR496 Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, CEA/iBiTeC-S/SPI, CEA de Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Neil Rigby
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich, United Kingdom
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López E, Cuadrado C, Burbano C, Jiménez MA, Rodríguez J, Crespo JF. Effects of autoclaving and high pressure on allergenicity of hazelnut proteins. J Clin Bioinforma 2012; 2:12. [PMID: 22616776 PMCID: PMC3467176 DOI: 10.1186/2043-9113-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hazelnut is reported as a causative agent of allergic reactions. However it is also an edible nut with health benefits. The allergenic characteristics of hazelnut-samples after autoclaving (AC) and high-pressure (HHP) processing have been studied and are also presented here. Previous studies demonstrated that AC treatments were responsible for structural transformation of protein structure motifs. Thus, structural analyses of allergen proteins from hazelnut were carried out to observe what is occurring in relation to the specific-IgE recognition of the related allergenic proteins. The aims of this work are to evaluate the effect of AC and HHP processing on hazelnut in vitro allergenicity using human-sera and to analyse the complexity of hazelnut allergen-protein structures. Methods Hazelnut-samples were subjected to AC and HHP processing. The specific IgE- reactivity was studied in 15 allergic clinic-patients via western blotting analyses. A series of homology-based-bioinformatics 3D-models (Cora 1, Cora 8, Cora 9 and Cora 11) were generated for the antigens included in the study to analyse the co mplexity of their protein structure. This study is supported by the Declaration of Helsinki and subsequent ethical guidelines. Results A severe reduction in vitro in allergenicity to hazelnut after AC processing was observed in the allergic clinic-patients studied. The specific-IgE binding of some of the described immunoreactive hazelnut protein-bands: Cora 1 ~18KDa, Cora 8 ~9KDa, Cora 9 ~35-40KDa and Cora 11 ~47-48 KDa decreases. Furthermore a relevant glycosylation was assigned and visualized via structural analysis of proteins (3D-modelling) for the first time in the protein-allergen Cora 11 showing a new role which could open a new door for allergenicity-unravellings. Conclusion Hazelnut allergenicity-studies in vivo via Prick-Prick and other means using AC processing are crucial to verify the data we observed via in vitro analyses. Glycosylation studies provided us with clues to elucidate, in the near future, mechanisms of the structures that contribute to hazelnut allergenicity, which thus, in turn, help alleviate food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López
- Centro de Investigación (i + 12) del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda de Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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Al-Ghouleh A, Johal R, Sharquie IK, Emara M, Harrington H, Shakib F, Ghaemmaghami AM. The glycosylation pattern of common allergens: the recognition and uptake of Der p 1 by epithelial and dendritic cells is carbohydrate dependent. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33929. [PMID: 22479478 PMCID: PMC3316510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergens are initiators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. They are recognised at the site of entry by epithelial and dendritic cells (DCs), both of which activate innate inflammatory circuits that can collectively induce Th2 immune responses. In an attempt to have a better understanding of the role of carbohydrates in the recognition and uptake of allergens by the innate immune system, we defined common glycosylation patterns in major allergens. This was done using labelled lectins and showed that allergens like Der p 1 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1), Fel d 1 (Felis domisticus), Ara h 1 (Arachis hypogaea), Der p 2 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 2), Bla g 2 (Blattella germanica) and Can f 1 (Canis familiaris) are glycosylated and that the main dominant sugars on these allergens are 1-2, 1-3 and 1-6 mannose. These observations are in line with recent reports implicating the mannose receptor (MR) in allergen recognition and uptake by DCs and suggesting a major link between glycosylation and allergen recognition. We then looked at TSLP (Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin) cytokine secretion by lung epithelia upon encountering natural Der p 1 allergen. TSLP is suggested to drive DC maturation in support of allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Our data showed an increase in TSLP secretion by lung epithelia upon stimulation with natural Der p 1 which was carbohydrate dependent. The deglycosylated preparation of Der p 1 exhibited minimal uptake by DCs compared to the natural and hyperglycosylated recombinant counterparts, with the latter being taken up more readily than the other preparations. Collectively, our data indicate that carbohydrate moieties on allergens play a vital role in their recognition by innate immune cells, implicating them in downstream deleterious Th2 cell activation and IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Ghouleh
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Division of Immunology, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Alvarez PA, Boye JI. Food production and processing considerations of allergenic food ingredients: a review. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2012:746125. [PMID: 22187573 PMCID: PMC3236470 DOI: 10.1155/2012/746125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most consumers show no adverse symptoms to food allergens, health consequences for sensitized individuals can be very serious. As a result, the Codex General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods has specified a series of allergenic ingredients/substances requiring mandatory declaration when present in processed prepackaged food products. Countries adhering to international standards are required to observe this minimum of eight substances, but additional priority allergens are included in the list in some countries. Enforcement agencies have traditionally focused their effort on surveillance of prepackaged goods, but there is a growing need to apply a bottom-up approach to allergen risk management in food manufacturing starting from primary food processing operations in order to minimize the possibility of allergen contamination in finished products. The present paper aims to review food production considerations that impact allergen risk management, and it is directed mainly to food manufacturers and policy makers. Furthermore, a series of food ingredients and the allergenic fractions identified from them, as well as the current methodology used for detection of these allergenic foods, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Alvarez
- Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Boulevard Casavant West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 8E3
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Iwan M, Vissers YM, Fiedorowicz E, Kostyra H, Kostyra E, Savelkoul HFJ, Wichers HJ. Impact of Maillard reaction on immunoreactivity and allergenicity of the hazelnut allergen Cor a 11. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7163-7171. [PMID: 21563837 DOI: 10.1021/jf2007375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Few studies exist on the influence of processing methods on structural changes and allergenic potential of hazelnut proteins. This study focused on the effect of glycation (Maillard reaction) on the immunoreactivity and degranulation capacity of the purified hazelnut 7S globulin, Cor a 11. After heating, the extent of the Maillard reaction, sensitivity to proteolysis, binding of human IgE or rabbit IgG, and degranulation capacity were analyzed. Changes in electrophoretic mobility, amount of free amino groups, and contents of bound sugar and fructosamine indicated that glycation of Cor a 11 occurred at all conditions. Glycation at 37 °C did not influence the specific IgG or IgE binding and was decreased after heating at 60 and 145 °C. Heating, with or without glucose, at 145 °C increased basophil degranulation capacity. The results suggest that glycation of Cor a 11 at 60 and 145 °C may decrease the IgE/IgG binding properties but not the degranulation capacity of basophils. This is possibly related to aggregation of the proteins as a result of the Maillard reaction.
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Ansari P, Stoppacher N, Baumgartner S. Marker peptide selection for the determination of hazelnut by LC–MS/MS and occurrence in other nuts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2607-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tandang-Silvas MRG, Tecson-Mendoza EM, Mikami B, Utsumi S, Maruyama N. Molecular Design of Seed Storage Proteins for Enhanced Food Physicochemical Properties. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2011; 2:59-73. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022510-133718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rose G. Tandang-Silvas
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
| | - Evelyn Mae Tecson-Mendoza
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Utsumi
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
| | - Nobuyuki Maruyama
- Laboratory of Food Quality Design and Development, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
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