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Antezana PE, Municoy S, Álvarez-Echazú MI, Santo-Orihuela PL, Catalano PN, Al-Tel TH, Kadumudi FB, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Orive G, Desimone MF. The 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds for Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:464. [PMID: 35214197 PMCID: PMC8875365 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin tissue engineering and regeneration aim at repairing defective skin injuries and progress in wound healing. Until now, even though several developments are made in this field, it is still challenging to face the complexity of the tissue with current methods of fabrication. In this review, short, state-of-the-art on developments made in skin tissue engineering using 3D bioprinting as a new tool are described. The current bioprinting methods and a summary of bioink formulations, parameters, and properties are discussed. Finally, a representative number of examples and advances made in the field together with limitations and future needs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Edmundo Antezana
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Sofia Municoy
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - María Inés Álvarez-Echazú
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
| | - Pablo Luis Santo-Orihuela
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN), Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa CITEDEF/UNIDEF, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina (CONICET), Juan B. de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires 1603, Argentina
| | - Paolo Nicolás Catalano
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET, Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín 1650, Argentina
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Gorka Orive
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, NanoBioCel Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
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Li X, Liu B, Pei B, Chen J, Zhou D, Peng J, Zhang X, Jia W, Xu T. Inkjet Bioprinting of Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10793-10833. [PMID: 32902959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inkjet technique has the capability of generating droplets in the picoliter volume range, firing thousands of times in a few seconds and printing in the noncontact manner. Since its emergence, inkjet technology has been widely utilized in the publishing industry for printing of text and pictures. As the technology developed, its applications have been expanded from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) and even used to fabricate components of electronic devices. At the end of the twentieth century, researchers were aware of the potential value of this technology in life sciences and tissue engineering because its picoliter-level printing unit is suitable for depositing biological components. Currently inkjet technology has been becoming a practical tool in modern medicine serving for drug development, scaffold building, and cell depositing. In this article, we first review the history, principles and different methods of developing this technology. Next, we focus on the recent achievements of inkjet printing in the biological field. Inkjet bioprinting of generic biomaterials, biomacromolecules, DNAs, and cells and their major applications are introduced in order of increasing complexity. The current limitations/challenges and corresponding solutions of this technology are also discussed. A new concept, biopixels, is put forward with a combination of the key characteristics of inkjet printing and basic biological units to bring a comprehensive view on inkjet-based bioprinting. Finally, a roadmap of the entire 3D bioprinting is depicted at the end of this review article, clearly demonstrating the past, present, and future of 3D bioprinting and our current progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinda Li
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxun Liu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Pei
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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3
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Gu Z, Fu J, Lin H, He Y. Development of 3D bioprinting: From printing methods to biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:529-557. [PMID: 33193859 PMCID: PMC7610207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomanufacturing of tissues/organs in vitro is our big dream, driven by two needs: organ transplantation and accurate tissue models. Over the last decades, 3D bioprinting has been widely applied in the construction of many tissues/organs such as skins, vessels, hearts, etc., which can not only lay a foundation for the grand goal of organ replacement, but also be served as in vitro models committed to pharmacokinetics, drug screening and so on. As organs are so complicated, many bioprinting methods are exploited to figure out the challenges of different applications. So the question is how to choose the suitable bioprinting method? Herein, we systematically review the evolution, process and classification of 3D bioprinting with an emphasis on the fundamental printing principles and commercialized bioprinters. We summarize and classify extrusion-based, droplet-based, and photocuring-based bioprinting methods and give some advices for applications. Among them, coaxial and multi-material bioprinting are highlighted and basic principles of designing bioinks are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Helenes González C, Jayasinghe SN, Ferretti P. Bio-electrosprayed human neural stem cells are viable and maintain their differentiation potential. F1000Res 2020; 9:267. [PMID: 32518635 PMCID: PMC7255967 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19901.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bio-electrospray (BES) is a jet-based delivery system driven by an electric field that has the ability to form micro to nano-sized droplets. It holds great potential as a tissue engineering tool as it can be used to place cells into specific patterns. As the human central nervous system (CNS) cannot be studied in vivo at the cellular and molecular level, in vitro CNS models are needed. Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) are the CNS building block as they can generate both neurones and glial cells. Methods: Here we assessed for the first time how hNSCs respond to BES. To this purpose, different hNSC lines were sprayed at 10 kV and their ability to survive, grow and differentiate was assessed at different time points. Results: BES induced only a small and transient decrease in hNSC metabolic activity, from which the cells recovered by day 6, and no significant increase in cell death was observed, as assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, bio-electrosprayed hNSCs differentiated as efficiently as controls into neurones, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, as shown by morphological, protein and gene expression analysis. Conclusions: This study highlights the robustness of hNSCs and identifies BES as a suitable technology that could be developed for the direct deposition of these cells in specific locations and configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlali Helenes González
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Suwan N Jayasinghe
- BioPhysics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Patrizia Ferretti
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Helenes González C, Jayasinghe SN, Ferretti P. Bio-electrosprayed human neural stem cells are viable and maintain their differentiation potential. F1000Res 2020; 9:267. [PMID: 32518635 PMCID: PMC7255967 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19901.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 03/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Bio-electrospray (BES) is a jet-based delivery system driven by an electric field that has the ability to form micro to nano-sized droplets. It holds great potential as a tissue engineering tool as it can be used to place cells into specific patterns. As the human central nervous system (CNS) cannot be studied in vivo at the cellular and molecular level, in vitro CNS models are needed. Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) are the CNS building block as they can generate both neurones and glial cells. Methods: Here we assessed for the first time how hNSCs respond to BES. To this purpose, different hNSC lines were sprayed at 10 kV and their ability to survive, grow and differentiate was assessed at different time points. Results: BES induced only a small and transient decrease in hNSC metabolic activity, from which cells recovered by day 6, and no significant increase in cell death was observed, as assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, bio-electrosprayed hNSCs differentiated as efficiently as controls into neurones, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes as shown by morphological, protein and gene expression analysis. Conclusions: This study highlights the robustness of hNSCs and identifies BES as a suitable technology that could be developed for the direct deposition of these cells in specific locations and configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlali Helenes González
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Suwan N. Jayasinghe
- BioPhysics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Patrizia Ferretti
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Lee JM, Sing SL, Zhou M, Yeong WY. 3D bioprinting processes: A perspective on classification and terminology. Int J Bioprint 2018; 4:151. [PMID: 33102923 PMCID: PMC7582007 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v4i2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide further classification of cell-compatible bioprinting processes and examine the concept of 3D bioprinting within the general technology field of 3D printing. These technologies are categorized into four distinct process categories, namely material jetting, vat photopolymerization, material extrusion and free-form spatial printing. Discussion will be presented on the definition of classification with example of techniques grouped under the same category. The objective of this article is to establish a basic framework for standardization of process terminology in order to accelerate the implementation of bioprinting technologies in research and commercial landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Min Lee
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Swee Leong Sing
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Vijayavenkataraman S, Yan WC, Lu WF, Wang CH, Fuh JYH. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:296-332. [PMID: 29990578 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is a pioneering technology that enables fabrication of biomimetic, multiscale, multi-cellular tissues with highly complex tissue microenvironment, intricate cytoarchitecture, structure-function hierarchy, and tissue-specific compositional and mechanical heterogeneity. Given the huge demand for organ transplantation, coupled with limited organ donors, bioprinting is a potential technology that could solve this crisis of organ shortage by fabrication of fully-functional whole organs. Though organ bioprinting is a far-fetched goal, there has been a considerable and commendable progress in the field of bioprinting that could be used as transplantable tissues in regenerative medicine. This paper presents a first-time review of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine, where the current status and contemporary issues of 3D bioprinting pertaining to the eleven organ systems of the human body including skeletal, muscular, nervous, lymphatic, endocrine, reproductive, integumentary, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and circulatory systems were critically reviewed. The implications of 3D bioprinting in drug discovery, development, and delivery systems are also briefly discussed, in terms of in vitro drug testing models, and personalized medicine. While there is a substantial progress in the field of bioprinting in the recent past, there is still a long way to go to fully realize the translational potential of this technology. Computational studies for study of tissue growth or tissue fusion post-printing, improving the scalability of this technology to fabricate human-scale tissues, development of hybrid systems with integration of different bioprinting modalities, formulation of new bioinks with tuneable mechanical and rheological properties, mechanobiological studies on cell-bioink interaction, 4D bioprinting with smart (stimuli-responsive) hydrogels, and addressing the ethical, social, and regulatory issues concerning bioprinting are potential futuristic focus areas that would aid in successful clinical translation of this technology.
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Datta P, Barui A, Wu Y, Ozbolat V, Moncal KK, Ozbolat IT. Essential steps in bioprinting: From pre- to post-bioprinting. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1481-1504. [PMID: 29909085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing demand for directed assembly of biomaterials has inspired the development of bioprinting, which facilitates the assembling of both cellular and acellular inks into well-arranged three-dimensional (3D) structures for tissue fabrication. Although great advances have been achieved in the recent decade, there still exist issues to be addressed. Herein, a review has been systematically performed to discuss the considerations in the entire procedure of bioprinting. Though bioprinting is advancing at a rapid pace, it is seen that the whole process of obtaining tissue constructs from this technique involves multiple-stages, cutting across various technology domains. These stages can be divided into three broad categories: pre-bioprinting, bioprinting and post-bioprinting. Each stage can influence others and has a bearing on the performance of fabricated constructs. For example, in pre-bioprinting, tissue biopsy and cell expansion techniques are essential to ensure a large number of cells are available for mass organ production. Similarly, medical imaging is needed to provide high resolution designs, which can be faithfully bioprinted. In the bioprinting stage, compatibility of biomaterials is needed to be matched with solidification kinetics to ensure constructs with high cell viability and fidelity are obtained. On the other hand, there is a need to develop bioprinters, which have high degrees of freedom of movement, perform without failure concerns for several hours and are compact, and affordable. Finally, maturation of bioprinted cells are governed by conditions provided during the post-bioprinting process. This review, for the first time, puts all the bioprinting stages in perspective of the whole process of bioprinting, and analyzes their current state-of-the art. It is concluded that bioprinting community will recognize the relative importance and optimize the parameter of each stage to obtain the desired outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Yang Wu
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Veli Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Ceyhan Engineering Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana 01950, Turkey
| | - Kazim K Moncal
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Zhuang P, Sun AX, An J, Chua CK, Chew SY. 3D neural tissue models: From spheroids to bioprinting. Biomaterials 2017; 154:113-133. [PMID: 29120815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro neural tissue models provide a better recapitulation of in vivo cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Therefore, the former is believed to have great potential for both mechanistic and translational studies. In this paper, we review the recent developments in 3D in vitro neural tissue models, with a particular focus on the emerging bioprinted tissue structures. We draw on specific examples to describe the merits and limitations of each model, in terms of different applications. Bioprinting offers a revolutionary approach for constructing repeatable and controllable 3D in vitro neural tissues with diverse cell types, complex microscale features and tissue level responses. Further advances in bioprinting research would likely consolidate existing models and generate complex neural tissue structures bearing higher fidelity, which is ultimately useful for probing disease-specific mechanisms, facilitating development of novel therapeutics and promoting neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhuang
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Chee Kai Chua
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
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Cui H, Nowicki M, Fisher JP, Zhang LG. 3D Bioprinting for Organ Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201601118. [PMID: 27995751 PMCID: PMC5313259 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine holds the promise of engineering functional tissues or organs to heal or replace abnormal and necrotic tissues/organs, offering hope for filling the gap between organ shortage and transplantation needs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is evolving into an unparalleled biomanufacturing technology due to its high-integration potential for patient-specific designs, precise and rapid manufacturing capabilities with high resolution, and unprecedented versatility. It enables precise control over multiple compositions, spatial distributions, and architectural accuracy/complexity, therefore achieving effective recapitulation of microstructure, architecture, mechanical properties, and biological functions of target tissues and organs. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in 3D bioprinting technology, as well as design concepts of bioinks suitable for the bioprinting process. We focus on the applications of this technology for engineering living organs, focusing more specifically on vasculature, neural networks, the heart and liver. We conclude with current challenges and the technical perspective for further development of 3D organ bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Margaret Nowicki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland 3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Lee JM, Yeong WY. Design and Printing Strategies in 3D Bioprinting of Cell-Hydrogels: A Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2856-2865. [PMID: 27767258 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging technology that allows the assembling of both living and non-living biological materials into an ideal complex layout for further tissue maturation. Bioprinting aims to produce engineered tissue or organ in a mechanized, organized, and optimized manner. Various biomaterials and techniques have been utilized to bioprint biological constructs in different shapes, sizes and resolutions. There is a need to systematically discuss and analyze the reported strategies employed to fabricate these constructs. We identified and discussed important design factors in bioprinting, namely shape and resolution, material heterogeneity, and cellular-material remodeling dynamism. Each design factors are represented by the corresponding process capabilities and printing parameters. The process-design map will inspire future biomaterials research in these aspects. Design considerations such as data processing, bio-ink formulation and process selection are discussed. Various printing and crosslinking strategies, with relevant applications, are also systematically reviewed. We categorized them into 5 general bioprinting strategies, including direct bioprinting, in-process crosslinking, post-process crosslinking, indirect bioprinting and hybrid bioprinting. The opportunities and outlook in 3D bioprinting are highlighted. This review article will serve as a framework to advance computer-aided design in bioprinting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Min Lee
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing; School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing; School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
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Mecozzi L, Gennari O, Rega R, Battista L, Ferraro P, Grilli S. Simple and Rapid Bioink Jet Printing for Multiscale Cell Adhesion Islands. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mecozzi
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems of the National Council of Research (CNR-ISASI); Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy
| | - Oriella Gennari
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems of the National Council of Research (CNR-ISASI); Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy
| | - Romina Rega
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems of the National Council of Research (CNR-ISASI); Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy
| | - Luigi Battista
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems of the National Council of Research (CNR-ISASI); Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems of the National Council of Research (CNR-ISASI); Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy
| | - Simonetta Grilli
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems of the National Council of Research (CNR-ISASI); Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy
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13
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Yeo M, Ha J, Lee H, Kim G. Fabrication of hASCs-laden structures using extrusion-based cell printing supplemented with an electric field. Acta Biomater 2016; 38:33-43. [PMID: 27095485 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, we proposed a hybrid cell-printing technique that combines a conventional extrusion-based cell-printing process with an electrohydrodynamic jet. The electric field stabilized the extruded struts of cell-embedding-hydrogel and reduced the damage to dispensed cells caused by the high wall shear stress in the dispensing nozzle. The new cell-printing process was optimized in terms of various processing parameters, applied electric field strength, nozzle movement speed, and distance between the nozzle tip and working stage. Using the optimal cell-embedding hydrogel composition (1×10(6)cellsmL(-1) in 4wt% alginate) and cell-printing process parameters (applied voltage, 1kV; nozzle movement speed, 12mms(-1); distance, 0.7mm; current, 10.67±1.1nA), we achieved rapid and stable fabrication of a cell-laden structure without loss of cell viability or proliferation, the values of which were similar to those of the process without an electric field. Furthermore, by applying the same pneumatic pressure to fabricate cell-laden structures, considerably higher volume flow rate and cell viability at the same volume flow rate were achieved by the modified process compared with conventional extrusion-based cell-printing processes. To assess the feasibility of the method, the hydrogel containing human adipose stem cells (hASCs) and alginate (4wt%) was fabricated into a cell-laden porous structure in a layer-by-layer manner. The cell-laden structure exhibited reasonable initial hASC viability (87%), which was similar to that prior to processing of the cell-embedding-hydrogel. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extrusion-based cell-printing process has shortcomings, such as unstable flow and potential loss of cell viability. The unsteady flow can occur due to the high cell concentration, viscosity, and surface tension of bioinks. Also, cell viability post extrusion can be significantly reduced by damage of the cells due to the high wall shear stress in the extrusion nozzle. To overcome these limitations, we suggested an innovative cell-printing process that combines a conventional extrusion-based cellprinting process with an electric field. The electric field in the cell-printing process stabilized the extruded struts of bioink and dramatically reduced the damage to dispensed cells caused by the high wall shear stress in the dispensing nozzle.
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Gudapati H, Dey M, Ozbolat I. A comprehensive review on droplet-based bioprinting: Past, present and future. Biomaterials 2016; 102:20-42. [PMID: 27318933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based bioprinting (DBB) offers greater advantages due to its simplicity and agility with precise control on deposition of biologics including cells, growth factors, genes, drugs and biomaterials, and has been a prominent technology in the bioprinting community. Due to its immense versatility, DBB technology has been adopted by various application areas, including but not limited to, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, transplantation and clinics, pharmaceutics and high-throughput screening, and cancer research. Despite the great benefits, the technology currently faces several challenges such as a narrow range of available bioink materials, bioprinting-induced cell damage at substantial levels, limited mechanical and structural integrity of bioprinted constructs, and restrictions on the size of constructs due to lack of vascularization and porosity. This paper presents a first-time review of DBB and comprehensively covers the existing DBB modalities including inkjet, electrohydrodynamic, acoustic, and micro-valve bioprinting. The recent notable studies are highlighted, the relevant bioink biomaterials and bioprinters are expounded, the application areas are presented, and the future prospects are provided to the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Gudapati
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Madhuri Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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15
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Martinez V, Forró C, Weydert S, Aebersold MJ, Dermutz H, Guillaume-Gentil O, Zambelli T, Vörös J, Demkó L. Controlled single-cell deposition and patterning by highly flexible hollow cantilevers. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1663-1674. [PMID: 27046017 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell patterning represents a key approach to decouple and better understand the role and mechanisms of individual cells of a given population. In particular, the bottom-up approach of engineering neuronal circuits with a controlled topology holds immense promises to perceive the relationships between connectivity and function. In order to accommodate these efforts, highly flexible SU-8 cantilevers with integrated microchannels have been fabricated for both additive and subtractive patterning. By directly squeezing out single cells onto adhesive surfaces, controlled deposition with a spatial accuracy of 5 μm could be achieved, while subtractive patterning has been realized by selective removal of targeted single cells. Complex cell patterns were created on substrates pre-patterned with cell-adhesive and repulsive areas, preserving the original pattern geometry for long-term studies. For example, a circular loop with a diameter of 530 μm has been realized using primary hippocampal neurons, which were fully connected to their respective neighbors along the loop. Using the same cantilevers, the versatility of the technique has also been demonstrated via in situ modification of already mature neuronal cultures by both detaching individual cells of the population and adding fresh ones, incorporating them into the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martinez
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Harald Dermutz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - László Demkó
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Wu C, Wang B, Zhang C, Wysk RA, Chen YW. Bioprinting: an assessment based on manufacturing readiness levels. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:333-354. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2016.1163321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Wu
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ben Wang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chuck Zhang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard A. Wysk
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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Ozbolat IT, Hospodiuk M. Current advances and future perspectives in extrusion-based bioprinting. Biomaterials 2015; 76:321-43. [PMID: 26561931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) is a rapidly growing technology that has made substantial progress during the last decade. It has great versatility in printing various biologics, including cells, tissues, tissue constructs, organ modules and microfluidic devices, in applications from basic research and pharmaceutics to clinics. Despite the great benefits and flexibility in printing a wide range of bioinks, including tissue spheroids, tissue strands, cell pellets, decellularized matrix components, micro-carriers and cell-laden hydrogels, the technology currently faces several limitations and challenges. These include impediments to organ fabrication, the limited resolution of printed features, the need for advanced bioprinting solutions to transition the technology bench to bedside, the necessity of new bioink development for rapid, safe and sustainable delivery of cells in a biomimetically organized microenvironment, and regulatory concerns to transform the technology into a product. This paper, presenting a first-time comprehensive review of EBB, discusses the current advancements in EBB technology and highlights future directions to transform the technology to generate viable end products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Monika Hospodiuk
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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18
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Onses MS, Sutanto E, Ferreira PM, Alleyne AG, Rogers JA. Mechanisms, Capabilities, and Applications of High-Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4237-4266. [PMID: 26122917 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of techniques used for high-resolution jet printing that rely on electrohydrodynamically induced flows. Such methods enable the direct, additive patterning of materials with a resolution that can extend below 100 nm to provide unique opportunities not only in scientific studies but also in a range of applications that includes printed electronics, tissue engineering, and photonic and plasmonic devices. Following a brief historical perspective, this review presents descriptions of the underlying processes involved in the formation of liquid cones and jets to establish critical factors in the printing process. Different printing systems that share similar principles are then described, along with key advances that have been made in the last decade. Capabilities in terms of printable materials and levels of resolution are reviewed, with a strong emphasis on areas of potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serdar Onses
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Erick Sutanto
- The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Placid M Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Andrew G Alleyne
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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19
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Yunmin M, Yuanyuan L, Haiping C, Qingxi H. Application and Analysis of Biological Electrospray in Tissue Engineering. Open Biomed Eng J 2015; 9:133-7. [PMID: 26089992 PMCID: PMC4468589 DOI: 10.2174/1874120701509010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nan-fiber scaffolds are suitable tools for tissue engineering. Electro spinning materials together with cells presents not adequate to obtain a high cellular zing tissue constructs as the shear force, tensile force, and other physical effects excited in the electro spinning process, which are harmful to cellular differentiation, development and function. However, this limitation has been overcome by a micro integration system of simultaneously bio-electro spraying human adipose stem cells (ASCs) and electro spinning Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Then it was compared to the single electro spinning nan-fiber scaffolds in relation to cell viability, which showed that the scaffolds by micro integration approach has a larger number of surviving cells and more suitable for cell growth and proliferation. In addition, the relationship between different parameters of biological electrospray (voltage, flow rate and distance of the needle from the collecting board) and droplet size of cell suspension was elucidated and the droplets with a near-mono distribution (<50um) could be generated to deposit a single living cell within a droplet. The association of bio-electro spraying with electro spinning (a scaffold preparation technique) has been demonstrated to be a promising and suitable tissue engineering approach in producing nan-fiber based three-dimensional (3-D) cell seeded scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Yunmin
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yuanyuan
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China
| | - Chen Haiping
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China
| | - Hu Qingxi
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China
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20
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Mavrogiannis N, Desmond M, Gagnon ZR. Fluidic dielectrophoresis: The polarization and displacement of electrical liquid interfaces. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1386-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mavrogiannis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University Baltimore; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Mitchell Desmond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University Baltimore; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Zachary R. Gagnon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University Baltimore; Baltimore MD USA
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21
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Braghirolli DI, Zamboni F, Chagastelles PC, Moura DJ, Saffi J, Henriques JAP, Pilger DA, Pranke P. Bio-electrospraying of human mesenchymal stem cells: An alternative for tissue engineering. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:44130. [PMID: 24404063 PMCID: PMC3772937 DOI: 10.1063/1.4819747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bio-electrospraying (BES) is a technique used for the processing of cells and can be applied to tissue engineering. The association of BES with scaffold production techniques has been shown to be an interesting strategy for the production of biomaterials with cells homogeneously distributed in the entire structure. Various studies have evaluated the effects of BES on different cell types. However, until the present moment, no studies have evaluated the impact of BES time on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Therefore, the aim of this work was to standardise the different parameters of BES (voltage, flow rate, and distance of the needle from the collecting plate) in relation to cell viability and then to evaluate the impact of BES time in relation to viability, proliferation, DNA damage, maintenance of plasticity and the immunophenotypic profile of MSC. Using 15 kV voltage, 0.46 ml/h flow rate and 4 cm distance, it was possible to form a stable and continuous jet of BES without causing a significant reduction in cell viability. Time periods between 15 and 60 min of BES did not cause alterations of viability, proliferation, plasticity, and immunophenotypic profile of the MSC. Time periods above 30 min of BES resulted in DNA damage; however, the DNA was able to repair itself within five hours. These results indicate that bio-electrospraying is an adequate technique for processing MSC which can be safely applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Braghirolli
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil ; Material Science Post-graduate Programme, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
| | - F Zamboni
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - P C Chagastelles
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - D J Moura
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90050-170, Brazil
| | - J Saffi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90050-170, Brazil ; Department of Biophysics/Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
| | - J A P Henriques
- Department of Biophysics/Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil ; Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 95070-560, Brazil
| | - D A Pilger
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - P Pranke
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory-Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil ; Material Science Post-graduate Programme, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil ; Stem Cell Research Institute (SCRI), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90020-010, Brazil
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22
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Sridhar R, Ramakrishna S. Electrosprayed nanoparticles for drug delivery and pharmaceutical applications. BIOMATTER 2013; 3:e24281. [PMID: 23512013 PMCID: PMC3749275 DOI: 10.4161/biom.24281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology based Pharma has emerged significantly and has influenced the Pharma industry up to a considerable extent. Nanoparticles technology holds a good share of the nanotech Pharma and is significant in comparison with the other domains. Electrospraying technology answers the potential needs of nanoparticle production such as scalability, reproducibility, effective encapsulation etc. Many drugs have been electrosprayed with and without polymer carriers. Drug release characteristics are improved with the incorporation of biodegradable polymer carriers which sustain the release of encapsulated drug. Electrospraying is acknowledged as an important technique for the preparation of nanoparticles with respect to pharmaceutical applications. Herein we attempted to consolidate the reports pertaining to electrospraying and their corresponding therapeutic application area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Sridhar
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology; National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology; National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative; Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Recent advancements in tissue engineering for stem cell-based cardiac therapies. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:503-16. [PMID: 23557290 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cardiac tissue engineering have recently focused on utilizing stem cells to regenerate infarcted and scarred myocardium. Due to their proliferative nature and tremendous potential for differentiation, stem cells are presently being investigated for clinical applications. Unfortunately, limiting factors such as massive cell death and poor retention have hampered clinical outcomes. Consequently, the development of an efficient delivery system for stem cells to the target site is essential. The use of innovative tissue engineering techniques has opened up new horizons within the field of cellular cardiomyoplasty. This paper will present a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in stem cell technology destined for myocardial tissue repair. In addition, the multidisciplinary approach to tissue engineering presented here will provide the reader with insight into the clinical realization of cellular cardiomyoplasty.
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24
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Faulkner-Jones A, Greenhough S, A King J, Gardner J, Courtney A, Shu W. Development of a valve-based cell printer for the formation of human embryonic stem cell spheroid aggregates. Biofabrication 2013; 5:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/1/015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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25
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Patel AS, Smith A, Attia RQ, Mattock K, Humphries J, Lyons O, Saha P, Modarai B, Jayasinghe SN. Encapsulation of angiogenic monocytes using bio-spraying technology. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:628-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Jayasinghe SN, Warnes G, Scotton CJ. Bio-electrosprayed living composite matrix implanted into mouse models. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1364-9. [PMID: 21755598 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We show that composite de novo structures can be generated using bio-electrosprays. Mouse lung fibroblasts are bio-electrosprayed directly with a biopolymer to form cell-bearing matrices, which are viable even when implanted subcutaneously into murine hosts. Generated cell-bearing matrices are assessed in-vitro and found to undergo all expected cellular behaviour. Subsequent in-vivo studies demonstrate the implanted living matrices integrating as expected with the surrounding microenvironment. The in-vitro and in-vivo studies elucidate and validate the ability for either bio-electrosprays or cell electrospinning to form a desired living architecture for undergoing investigation for repairing, replacing and rejuvenating damaged and/or ageing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwan N Jayasinghe
- BioPhysics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom.
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27
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Ng KE, Joly P, Jayasinghe SN, Vernay B, Knight R, Barry SP, McComick J, Latchman D, Stephanou A. Bio-electrospraying primary cardiac cells: in vitro tissue creation and functional study. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:86-95. [PMID: 21053334 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Manifestations of myocardial infarctions have been recognized as one of the major killers in the Western world. Therefore, advancing and developing novel cardiac tissue repair and replacement therapeutics have great implications to our health sciences and well-being. There are several approaches for forming cardiac tissues, non-jet-based and jet-based methodologies. A unique advantage of jet-based approaches is the possibility to handle living cells with a matrix for cell distribution and deposition in suspension, either as single or heterogeneous cell populations. Our previous studies on bio-electrospraying of cardiac cells have shown great promise. Here, we show for the first time the ability to bio-electrospray the three major cell types of the myocardium, both independently and simultaneously, for forming a fully functional cardiac tissue. Several samples are characterized in vitro and found to be indistinguishable in comparison to controls. Thus, we are describing a swiftly emerging novel biotechnique for direct cardiac tissue generation. Moreover, the present investigations pave the way for the development and optimization of a bio-patterning approach for the fabrication of biologically viable cardiac tissue grafts for the potential treatment of severe heart failure after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keat-Eng Ng
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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28
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Jayasinghe SN. Bio-electrosprays: from bio-analytics to a generic tool for the health sciences. Analyst 2011; 136:878-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Shi LT, Jiang CG, Ma GJ, Wu CW. Electric field assisted manipulation of microdroplets on a superhydrophobic surface. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:41101. [PMID: 21221172 PMCID: PMC3017567 DOI: 10.1063/1.3523472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The efficient manipulation of low-volume droplets offers many potential applications in relation to chemical and biomedical tests and protocols. A novel approach to the manipulation of a microdroplet on a superhydrophobic surface is introduced in the present communication. The microdroplet was first picked up onto a hydrophilic needle, transported from one location to another, and finally released under the action of an electric field force. Three key parameters in this process, the radius of the droplet, the distance between the two electrodes, and the required voltage, were investigated. This study should be helpful for the design of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Shi
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Sahoo S, Lee WC, Goh JCH, Toh SL. Bio-electrospraying: A potentially safe technique for delivering progenitor cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:690-8. [PMID: 20229515 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bio-electrospraying is fast becoming an attractive tool for in situ cell delivery into scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, with several cell types been successfully electrosprayed. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells (BMSC), which are an important cell source for tissue engineering, have not been explored in detail and the effect of electrospraying on their "stemness" is not known. This study therefore investigates the effects of electrospraying on BMSC viability, proliferation, and multilineage differentiation potential. Electrospraying a BMSC suspension at flow rate of 6 mL/h and voltages of 7.5-15 kV could successfully generate a continuous, stable and linearly directed electrospray of cells. Morphological observation, trypan blue tests and alamar blue based metabolic assays revealed about 88% of these electrosprayed cells were viable, and proliferated at rates similar to native BMSCs. However, at higher voltages, electrospraying became unstable and reduced cell viability, possibly due to electrical or thermal damage to the cells. BMSCs electrosprayed at 7.5 kV also retained their multipotency and could be successfully differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages, demonstrating similar morphology and gene expression levels as induced native BMSCs. These results indicate that bio-electrospraying could be safely used as a progenitor/stem cell delivery technique for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Sahoo
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Eddaoudi A, Townsend-Nicholson A, Timms JF, Schorge S, Jayasinghe SN. Molecular characterisation of post-bio-electrosprayed human brain astrocytoma cells. Analyst 2010; 135:2600-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mongkoldhumrongkul N, Flanagan JM, Jayasinghe SN. Direct jetting approaches for handling stem cells. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:015018. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/1/015018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Moroni L, de Wijn JR, van Blitterswijk CA. Integrating novel technologies to fabricate smart scaffolds. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2008; 19:543-72. [PMID: 18419938 DOI: 10.1163/156856208784089571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims at restoring or regenerating a damaged tissue by combining cells, derived from a patient biopsy, with a 3D porous matrix functioning as a scaffold. After isolation and eventual in vitro expansion, cells are seeded on the 3D scaffolds and implanted directly or at a later stage in the patient's body. 3D scaffolds need to satisfy a number of requirements: (i) biocompatibility, (ii) biodegradability and/or bioresorbability, (iii) suitable mechanical properties, (iv) adequate physicochemical properties to direct cell-material interactions matching the tissue to be replaced and (v) ease in regaining the original shape of the damaged tissue and the integration with the surrounding environment. Still, it appears to be a challenge to satisfy all the aforementioned requisites with the biomaterials and the scaffold fabrication technologies nowadays available. 3D scaffolds can be fabricated with various techniques, among which rapid prototyping and electrospinning seem to be the most promising. Rapid prototyping technologies allow manufacturing scaffolds with a controlled, completely accessible pore network--determinant for nutrient supply and diffusion--in a CAD/CAM fashion. Electrospinning (ESP) allows mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment of the cells and can provide fibrous scaffolds with instructive surface properties to direct cell faith into the proper lineage. Yet, these fabrication methods have some disadvantages if considered alone. This review aims at summarizing conventional and novel scaffold fabrication techniques and the biomaterials used for tissue engineering and drug-delivery applications. A new trend seems to emerge in the field of scaffold design where different scaffolds fabrication technologies and different biomaterials are combined to provide cells with mechanical, physicochemical and biological cues at the macro-, micro- and nano-scale. If merged together, these integrated technologies may lead to the generation of a new set of 3D scaffolds that satisfies all of the scaffolds' requirements for tissue-engineering applications and may contribute to their success in a long-term scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moroni
- Institute for BioMedical Technology (BMTI), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Cell printing has been popularized over the past few years as a revolutionary advance in tissue engineering has potentially enabled heterogeneous 3-D scaffolds to be built cell-by-cell. This review article summarizes the state-of-the-art cell printing techniques that utilize fluid jetting phenomena to deposit 2- and 3-D patterns of living eukaryotic cells. There are four distinct categories of jetbased approaches to printing cells. Laser guidance direct write (LG DW) was the first reported technique to print viable cells by forming patterns of embryonic-chick spinal-cord cells on a glass slide (1999). Shortly after this, modified laser-induced forward transfer techniques (LIFT) and modified ink jet printers were also used to print viable cells, followed by the most recent demonstration using an electrohydrodynamic jetting (EHDJ) method. The low cost of some of these printing technologies has spurred debate as to whether they could be used on a large scale to manufacture tissue and possibly even whole organs. This review summarizes the published results of these cell printers (cell viability, retained genotype and phenotype), and also includes a physical description of the various jetting processes with a discussion of the stresses and forces that may be encountered by cells during printing. We conclude the review by comparing and contrasting the different jet-based techniques, while providing a map for future experiments that could lead to significant advances in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley R Ringeisen
- Chemical Dynamics and Diagnostics Branch, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
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Jayasinghe SN, Townsend-Nicholson A. Stable electric-field driven cone-jetting of concentrated biosuspensions. LAB ON A CHIP 2006; 6:1086-90. [PMID: 16874383 DOI: 10.1039/b606508m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrospraying, or electrohydrodynamic jetting, is one of several jet-based technologies being explored to process living biological organisms. One of the key advantages of electrospraying is its ability to deposit advanced materials with high resolution that cannot be obtained with other competing technologies, such as ink-jet printing. However, to generate a controlled droplet size distribution in the micrometre range necessary for precision drop and placement of materials requires jetting in stable cone-jet mode. In this paper, we describe the experimental set-up and conditions by which electrospray jetting in stable cone-jet is achieved and use this methodology to process a highly concentrated biological suspension having 10(7) cells ml(-1), the highest cellular loading processed to this day by a jetting approach in this jet based category. The areas of study to which this technology may be applied span the physical and the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Jayasinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Withers G. New ways to print living cells promise breakthroughs for engineering complex tissues in vitro. Biochem J 2006; 394:e1-2. [PMID: 16479619 PMCID: PMC1408684 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control the placement of cells and the assembly of networks in vitro has tremendous potential for understanding the regulation of development as well as for generating artificial tissues. To date, most engineering tools that can place materials with precision are not compatible with the requirements of living cells, and so approaches to tissue engineering have focused on patterning substrates as a way of controlling cell growth rather than patterning cells directly. In this issue of Biochemical Journal, however, Eagles et al. adapt electrohydrodynamic printing technology to 'print' living cells from a neuronal cell line on to a substrate. The importance of this approach is that it has the potential for unprecedented control over the position of cells in culture by directly placing them, thus allowing for the systematic assembly of cell networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger S. Withers
- Department of Biology, Whitman College, 345 Boyer Ave., Walla Walla, WA 99362, U.S.A
- email
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