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Olson HM, Maxfield A, Calistri NL, Heiser LM, Qian W, Knaut H, Nechiporuk AV. RhoA GEF Mcf2lb regulates rosette integrity during collective cell migration. Development 2024; 151:dev201898. [PMID: 38165177 PMCID: PMC10820872 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structures that serve as important cellular intermediates in the formation of diverse organs. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model system, we investigated the role of the RhoA GEF Mcf2lb in rosette morphogenesis. The pLLP is a group of ∼150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk and is organized into epithelial rosettes; these are deposited along the trunk and will differentiate into sensory organs called neuromasts (NMs). Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we showed that mcf2lb is expressed in the pLLP during migration. Live imaging and subsequent 3D analysis of mcf2lb mutant pLLP cells showed disrupted apical constriction and subsequent rosette organization. This resulted in an excess number of deposited NMs along the trunk of the zebrafish. Cell polarity markers ZO-1 and Par-3 were apically localized, indicating that pLLP cells are properly polarized. In contrast, RhoA activity, as well as signaling components downstream of RhoA, Rock2a and non-muscle Myosin II, were diminished apically. Thus, Mcf2lb-dependent RhoA activation maintains the integrity of epithelial rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Olson
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amanda Maxfield
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Calistri
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alex V. Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Nguyen MT, Dash R, Jeong K, Lee W. Role of Actin-Binding Proteins in Skeletal Myogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2523. [PMID: 37947600 PMCID: PMC10650911 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal muscle quantity and quality is essential to ensure various vital functions of the body. Muscle homeostasis is regulated by multiple cytoskeletal proteins and myogenic transcriptional programs responding to endogenous and exogenous signals influencing cell structure and function. Since actin is an essential component in cytoskeleton dynamics, actin-binding proteins (ABPs) have been recognized as crucial players in skeletal muscle health and diseases. Hence, dysregulation of ABPs leads to muscle atrophy characterized by loss of mass, strength, quality, and capacity for regeneration. This comprehensive review summarizes the recent studies that have unveiled the role of ABPs in actin cytoskeletal dynamics, with a particular focus on skeletal myogenesis and diseases. This provides insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate skeletal myogenesis via ABPs as well as research avenues to identify potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, this review explores the implications of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) targeting ABPs in skeletal myogenesis and disorders based on recent achievements in ncRNA research. The studies presented here will enhance our understanding of the functional significance of ABPs and mechanotransduction-derived myogenic regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, revealing how ncRNAs regulate ABPs will allow diverse therapeutic approaches for skeletal muscle disorders to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.J.)
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea;
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.J.)
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.J.)
- Channelopathy Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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Olson HM, Maxfield A, Calistri NL, Heiser LM, Nechiporuk AV. RhoA GEF Mcf2lb regulates rosette integrity during collective cell migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537573. [PMID: 37131612 PMCID: PMC10153259 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During development, multicellular rosettes serve as important cellular intermediates in the formation of diverse organ systems. Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structures that are defined by the apical constriction of cells towards the rosette center. Due to the important role these structures play during development, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which rosettes are formed and maintained is of high interest. Utilizing the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model system, we identify the RhoA GEF Mcf2lb as a regulator of rosette integrity. The pLLP is a group of ~150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk and is organized into epithelial rosettes; these are deposited along the trunk and will differentiate into sensory organs called neuromasts (NMs). Using single-cell RNA sequencing and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we showed that mcf2lb is expressed in the pLLP during migration. Given the known role of RhoA in rosette formation, we asked whether Mcf2lb plays a role in regulating apical constriction of cells within rosettes. Live imaging and subsequent 3D analysis of mcf2lb mutant pLLP cells showed disrupted apical constriction and subsequent rosette organization. This in turn resulted in a unique posterior Lateral Line phenotype: an excess number of deposited NMs along the trunk of the zebrafish. Cell polarity markers ZO-1 and Par-3 were apically localized, indicating that pLLP cells are normally polarized. In contrast, signaling components that mediate apical constriction downstream of RhoA, Rock-2a and non-muscle Myosin II were diminished apically. Altogether our results suggest a model whereby Mcf2lb activates RhoA, which in turn activates downstream signaling machinery to induce and maintain apical constriction in cells incorporated into rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Olson
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amanda Maxfield
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Calistri
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alex V. Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Nguyen MT, Won YH, Kwon TW, Lee W. Twinfilin-1 is an essential regulator of myogenic differentiation through the modulation of YAP in C2C12 myoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Xu R, Li Y, Liu C, Shen N, Zhang Q, Cao T, Qin M, Han L, Tang D. Twinfilin regulates actin assembly and Hexagonal peroxisome 1 (Hex1) localization in the pathogenesis of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1641-1655. [PMID: 34519407 PMCID: PMC8578832 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Actin assembly at the hyphal tip is key for polar growth and pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The mechanism of its precise assemblies and biological functions is not understood. Here, we characterized the role of M. oryzae Twinfilin (MoTwf) in M. oryzae infection through organizing the actin cables that connect to Spitzenkörper (Spk) at the hyphal tip. MoTwf could bind and bundle the actin filaments. It formed a complex with Myosin2 (MoMyo2) and the Woronin body protein Hexagonal peroxisome 1 (MoHex1). Enrichment of MoMyo2 and MoHex1 in the hyphal apical region was disrupted in a ΔMotwf loss-of-function mutant, which also showed a decrease in the number and width of actin cables. These findings indicate that MoTwf participates in the virulence of M. oryzae by organizing Spk-connected actin filaments and regulating MoHex1 distribution at the hyphal tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian‐Taiwan Crop PestsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsPlant Immunity CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yuan‐Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian‐Taiwan Crop PestsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsPlant Immunity CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Chengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian‐Taiwan Crop PestsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsPlant Immunity CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ningning Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian‐Taiwan Crop PestsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsPlant Immunity CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian‐Taiwan Crop PestsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsPlant Immunity CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Tingyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian‐Taiwan Crop PestsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsPlant Immunity CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Minghui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian‐Taiwan Crop PestsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsPlant Immunity CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Li‐Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian‐Taiwan Crop PestsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsPlant Immunity CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian‐Taiwan Crop PestsKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsPlant Immunity CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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Actin/microtubule crosstalk during platelet biogenesis in mice is critically regulated by Twinfilin1 and Cofilin1. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2124-2134. [PMID: 32407474 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements of the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeleton are pivotal for platelet biogenesis. Hence, defects in actin- or MT-regulatory proteins are associated with platelet disorders in humans and mice. Previous studies in mice revealed that loss of the actin-depolymerizing factor homology (ADF-H) protein Cofilin1 (Cof1) in megakaryocytes (MKs) results in a moderate macrothrombocytopenia but normal MK numbers, whereas deficiency in another ADF-H protein, Twinfilin1 (Twf1), does not affect platelet production or function. However, recent studies in yeast have indicated a critical synergism between Twf1 and Cof1 in the regulation of actin dynamics. We therefore investigated platelet biogenesis and function in mice lacking both Twf1 and Cof1 in the MK lineage. In contrast to single deficiency in either protein, Twf1/Cof1 double deficiency (DKO) resulted in a severe macrothrombocytopenia and dramatically increased MK numbers in bone marrow and spleen. DKO MKs exhibited defective proplatelet formation in vitro and in vivo as well as impaired spreading and altered assembly of podosome-like structures on collagen and fibrinogen in vitro. These defects were associated with aberrant F-actin accumulation and, remarkably, the formation of hyperstable MT, which appears to be caused by dysregulation of the actin- and MT-binding proteins mDia1 and adenomatous polyposis coli. Surprisingly, the mild functional defects described for Cof1-deficient platelets were only slightly aggravated in DKO platelets suggesting that both proteins are largely dispensable for platelet function in the peripheral blood. In summary, these findings reveal critical redundant functions of Cof1 and Twf1 in ensuring balanced actin/microtubule crosstalk during thrombopoiesis in mice and possibly humans.
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Twinfilin uncaps filament barbed ends to promote turnover of lamellipodial actin networks. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:147-159. [PMID: 33558729 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated polymerization of actin filaments provides force for cell migration, morphogenesis and endocytosis. Capping protein (CP) is a central regulator of actin dynamics in all eukaryotes. It binds to actin filament (F-actin) barbed ends with high affinity and slow dissociation kinetics to prevent filament polymerization and depolymerization. However, in cells, CP displays remarkably rapid dynamics within F-actin networks, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that the conserved cytoskeletal regulator twinfilin is responsible for CP's rapid dynamics and specific localization in cells. Depletion of twinfilin led to stable association between CP and cellular F-actin arrays, as well as to its retrograde movement throughout leading-edge lamellipodia. These were accompanied by diminished F-actin turnover rates. In vitro single-filament imaging approaches revealed that twinfilin directly promotes dissociation of CP from filament barbed ends, while enabling subsequent filament depolymerization. These results uncover a bipartite mechanism that controls how actin cytoskeleton-mediated forces are generated in cells.
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MicroRNAs in Cardiac Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194714. [PMID: 31547607 PMCID: PMC6801828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other organs, the heart undergoes normal adaptive remodeling, such as cardiac hypertrophy, with age. This remodeling, however, is intensified under stress and pathological conditions. Cardiac remodeling could be beneficial for a short period of time, to maintain a normal cardiac output in times of need; however, chronic cardiac hypertrophy may lead to heart failure and death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to have a role in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. This paper reviews recent advances in the field of miRNAs and cardiac hypertrophy, highlighting the latest findings for targeted genes and involved signaling pathways. By targeting pro-hypertrophic genes and signaling pathways, some of these miRNAs alleviate cardiac hypertrophy, while others enhance it. Therefore, miRNAs represent very promising potential pharmacotherapeutic targets for the management and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Guo LB, Yu C, Ling QL, Fu Y, Wang YJ, Liu JG. Proteomic analysis of male rat nucleus accumbens, dorsal hippocampus and amygdala on conditioned place aversion induced by morphine withdrawal. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112008. [PMID: 31173798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and taking behavior, which is thought to result from persistent neuroadaptations, encoded by changes of gene expression. We previously demonstrated that the changes in synaptic plasticity were required for the formation of aversive memories associated with morphine withdrawal. However, the proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and aversive memory formation have not been well explored. In the present study, we employed a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomic technique to detect the changes of protein expression in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala and dorsal hippocampus of the rats that had developed conditioned morphine withdrawal. We found that twenty-three proteins were significantly altered in the amygdala and dorsal hippocampus after conditioned morphine withdrawal. These proteins can be classified into multiple categories, such as energy metabolism, signal transduction, synaptic transmission, cytoskeletal proteins, chaperones, and protein metabolism according to their biological functions. Eight proteins related to synaptic plasticity were further confirmed by western blot analysis. It is very likely that these identified proteins may contribute to conditioned morphine withdrawal-induced neural plasticity and aversive memory formation. Thus, our work will help understand the potential mechanism associated with generation of drug withdrawal memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Bin Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lan Ling
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Gen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Kaishang Z, Xue P, Shaozhong Z, Yingying F, Yan Z, Chanjun S, Zhenzhen L, Xiangnan L. Elevated expression of Twinfilin-1 is correlated with inferior prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Life Sci 2018; 215:159-169. [PMID: 30391462 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Twinfilin-1 (TWF1) has been implicated in cell motility, invasion and migration. However, its exact role in lung cancer progression is still unclear. In the present study, we explored clinical and prognostic relevance of Twinfilin-1 (TWF1) levels for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). MAIN METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was analyzed for possible association between TWF1 expressions in NSCLC tissues and patient prognosis. The meta-analysis data was validated in our clinical study through techniques of immunoblotting, expression analysis and immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) as well as lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) showed significantly elevated expression of TWF1 compared to normal lung tissues. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed high expression of TWF1 to be independent prognostic indicator involved in overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.636; 95% CI: 1.223-2.189) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.551; 95% CI: 1.158-2.077) in LUAD, but not in LUSC. Similar trend was found in our clinical study. LUAD tissues reflected TWF1 overexpression to be positively correlated with grade of tumor, size and lymph node metastasis. Enhanced TWF1 expression was identified to be an independent predictor for the disadvantageous prognosis of LUAD through simultaneously both univariate as well as multivariate Cox regression analyses (both p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival graphs further corroborated that poor disease prediction in the patients with LUAD was indicated through high TWF1 expression (p = 0.028). SIGNIFICANCE Robustness and poor prognosis in LUAD correlated with TWF1 levels thus making it a suitable therapeutic target against LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Kaishang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Xue
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Shaozhong
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Yingying
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sun Chanjun
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Zhenzhen
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Li Xiangnan
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Johnston AB, Hilton DM, McConnell P, Johnson B, Harris MT, Simone A, Amarasinghe GK, Cooper JA, Goode BL. A novel mode of capping protein-regulation by twinfilin. eLife 2018; 7:41313. [PMID: 30351272 PMCID: PMC6249002 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular actin assembly is controlled at the barbed ends of actin filaments, where capping protein (CP) limits polymerization. Twinfilin is a conserved in vivo binding partner of CP, yet the significance of this interaction has remained a mystery. Here, we discover that the C-terminal tail of Twinfilin harbors a CP-interacting (CPI) motif, identifying it as a novel CPI-motif protein. Twinfilin and the CPI-motif protein CARMIL have overlapping binding sites on CP. Further, Twinfilin binds competitively with CARMIL to CP, protecting CP from barbed-end displacement by CARMIL. Twinfilin also accelerates dissociation of the CP inhibitor V-1, restoring CP to an active capping state. Knockdowns of Twinfilin and CP each cause similar defects in cell morphology, and elevated Twinfilin expression rescues defects caused by CARMIL hyperactivity. Together, these observations define Twinfilin as the first ‘pro-capping’ ligand of CP and lead us to propose important revisions to our understanding of the CP regulatory cycle. Plant and animal cells are supported by skeleton-like structures that can grow and shrink beneath the cell membrane, pushing and pulling on the edges of the cell. This scaffolding network – known as the cytoskeleton – contains long strands, or filaments, made from many identical copies of a protein called actin. The shape of the actin proteins allows them to slot together, end-to-end, and allows the strands to grow and shrink on-demand. When the strands are the correct length, the cell caps the growing ends with a protein known as Capping Protein. This helps to stabilize the cell’s skeleton, preventing the strands from getting any longer, or any shorter. Proteins that interfere with the activity of Capping Protein allow the actin strands to grow or shrink. Some, like a protein called V-1, attach to Capping Protein and get in the way so that it cannot sit on the ends of the actin strands. Others, like CARMIL, bind to Capping Protein and change its shape, making it more likely to fall off the strands. So far, no one had found a partner that helps Capping Protein limit the growth of the actin cytoskeleton. A protein called Twinfilin often appears alongside Capping Protein, but the two proteins seemed to have no influence on each other, and had what appeared to be different roles. Whilst Capping Protein blocks growth and stabilizes actin strands, Twinfilin speeds up their disassembly at their ends. But Johnston, Hilton et al. now reveal that the two proteins actually work together. Twinfilin helps Capping Protein resist the effects of CARMIL and V-1, and Capping Protein puts Twinfilin at the end of the strand. Thus, when Capping Protein is finally removed by CARMIL, Twinfilin carries on with disassembling the actin strands. The tail of the Twinfilin protein looks like part of the CARMIL protein, suggesting that they might interact with Capping Protein in the same way. Attaching a fluorescent tag to the Twinfilin tail revealed that the two proteins compete to attach to the same part of the Capping Protein. When mouse cells produced extra Twinfilin, it blocked the effects of CARMIL, helping to grow the actin strands. V-1 attaches to Capping Protein in a different place, but Twinfilin was also able to interfere with its activity. When Twinfilin attached to the CARMIL binding site, it did not directly block V-1 binding, but it made the protein more likely to fall off. Understanding how the actin cytoskeleton moves is a key question in cell biology, but it also has applications in medicine. Twinfilin plays a role in the spread of certain blood cancer cells, and in the formation of elaborate structures in the inner ear that help us hear. Understanding how Twinfilin and Capping Protein interact could open paths to new therapies for a range of medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Johnston
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Denise M Hilton
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Patrick McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St Louis, United states
| | - Britney Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Meghan T Harris
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Avital Simone
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St Louis, United states
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
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Hilton DM, Aguilar RM, Johnston AB, Goode BL. Species-Specific Functions of Twinfilin in Actin Filament Depolymerization. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3323-3336. [PMID: 29928893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Twinfilin is a highly conserved member of the actin depolymerization factor homology (ADF-H) protein superfamily, which also includes ADF/Cofilin, Abp1/Drebrin, GMF, and Coactosin. Twinfilin has a unique molecular architecture consisting of two ADF-H domains joined by a linker and followed by a C-terminal tail. Yeast Twinfilin, in conjunction with yeast cyclase-associated protein (Srv2/CAP), increases the rate of depolymerization at both the barbed and pointed ends of actin filaments. However, it has remained unclear whether these activities extend to Twinfilin homologs in other species. To address this, we purified the three mouse Twinfilin isoforms (mTwf1, mTwf2a, mTwf2b) and mouse CAP1, and used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy assays to study their effects on filament disassembly. Our results show that all three mouse Twinfilin isoforms accelerate barbed end depolymerization similar to yeast Twinfilin, suggesting that this activity is evolutionarily conserved. In striking contrast, mouse Twinfilin isoforms and CAP1 failed to induce rapid pointed end depolymerization. Using chimeras, we show that the yeast-specific pointed end depolymerization activity is specified by the C-terminal ADF-H domain of yeast Twinfilin. In addition, Tropomyosin decoration of filaments failed to impede depolymerization by yeast and mouse Twinfilin and Srv2/CAP, but inhibited Cofilin severing. Together, our results indicate that Twinfilin has conserved functions in regulating barbed end dynamics, although its ability to drive rapid pointed end depolymerization appears to be species-specific. We discuss the implications of this work, including that pointed end depolymerization may be catalyzed by different ADF-H family members in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Hilton
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Rey M Aguilar
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Adam B Johnston
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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Hakala M, Kalimeri M, Enkavi G, Vattulainen I, Lappalainen P. Molecular mechanism for inhibition of twinfilin by phosphoinositides. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4818-4829. [PMID: 29425097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane phosphoinositides control organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the activities of several key actin-binding proteins. Twinfilin is an evolutionarily conserved protein that contributes to cytoskeletal dynamics by interacting with actin monomers, filaments, and the heterodimeric capping protein. Twinfilin also binds phosphoinositides, which inhibit its interactions with actin, but the underlying mechanism has remained unknown. Here, we show that the high-affinity binding site of twinfilin for phosphoinositides is located at the C-terminal tail region, whereas the two actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin-like ADF homology domains of twinfilin bind phosphoinositides only with low affinity. Mutagenesis and biochemical experiments combined with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the C-terminal tail of twinfilin interacts with membranes through a multivalent electrostatic interaction with a preference toward phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2), PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3 This initial interaction places the actin-binding ADF homology domains of twinfilin in close proximity to the membrane and subsequently promotes their association with the membrane, thus leading to inhibition of the actin interactions. In support of this model, a twinfilin mutant lacking the C-terminal tail inhibits actin filament assembly in a phosphoinositide-insensitive manner. Our mutagenesis data also reveal that the phosphoinositide- and capping protein-binding sites overlap in the C-terminal tail of twinfilin, suggesting that phosphoinositide binding additionally inhibits the interactions of twinfilin with the heterodimeric capping protein. The results demonstrate that the conserved C-terminal tail of twinfilin is a multifunctional binding motif, which is crucial for interaction with the heterodimeric capping protein and for tethering twinfilin to phosphoinositide-rich membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Hakala
- Institute of Biotechnology, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Kalimeri
- Laboratory of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Laboratory of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; MEMPHYS Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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Li L, Liu L, Qu B, Li X, Gao X, Zhang M. Twinfilin 1 enhances milk bio-synthesis and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:289-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Twinfilin 2a regulates platelet reactivity and turnover in mice. Blood 2017; 130:1746-1756. [PMID: 28743718 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-770768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is a prerequisite for proper platelet production and function. Consequently, defects in proteins controlling actin dynamics have been associated with platelet disorders in humans and mice. Twinfilin 2a (Twf2a) is a small actin-binding protein that inhibits actin filament assembly by sequestering actin monomers and capping filament barbed ends. Moreover, Twf2a binds heterodimeric capping proteins, but the role of this interaction in cytoskeletal dynamics has remained elusive. Even though Twf2a has pronounced effects on actin dynamics in vitro, only little is known about its function in vivo. Here, we report that constitutive Twf2a-deficient mice (Twf2a-/-) display mild macrothrombocytopenia due to a markedly accelerated platelet clearance in the spleen. Twf2a-/- platelets showed enhanced integrin activation and α-granule release in response to stimulation of (hem) immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and G-protein-coupled receptors, increased adhesion and aggregate formation on collagen I under flow, and accelerated clot retraction and spreading on fibrinogen. In vivo, Twf2a deficiency resulted in shortened tail bleeding times and faster occlusive arterial thrombus formation. The hyperreactivity of Twf2a-/- platelets was attributed to enhanced actin dynamics, characterized by an increased activity of n-cofilin and profilin 1, leading to a thickened cortical cytoskeleton and hence sustained integrin activation by limiting calpain-mediated integrin inactivation. In summary, our results reveal the first in vivo functions of mammalian Twf2a and demonstrate that Twf2a-controlled actin rearrangements dampen platelet activation responses in a n-cofilin- and profilin 1-dependent manner, thereby indirectly regulating platelet reactivity and half-life in mice.
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16
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Cofilin-1 and Other ADF/Cofilin Superfamily Members in Human Malignant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010010. [PMID: 28025492 PMCID: PMC5297645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of actin-depolymerizing factor homology (ADF-H) domains in the structures of several related proteins led first to the formation of the ADF/cofilin family, which then expanded to the ADF/cofilin superfamily. This superfamily includes the well-studied cofilin-1 (Cfl-1) and about a dozen different human proteins that interact directly or indirectly with the actin cytoskeleton, provide its remodeling, and alter cell motility. According to some data, Cfl-1 is contained in various human malignant cells (HMCs) and is involved in the formation of malignant properties, including invasiveness, metastatic potential, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. The presence of other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins in HMCs and their involvement in the regulation of cell motility were discovered with the use of various OMICS technologies. In our review, we discuss the results of the study of Cfl-1 and other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins, which may be of interest for solving different problems of molecular oncology, as well as for the prospects of further investigations of these proteins in HMCs.
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Spectroscopic characterization of the effect of mouse twinfilin-1 on actin filaments at different pH values. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 164:276-282. [PMID: 27718419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of mammalian twinfilin-1 on the structure and dynamics of actin filaments were studied with steady state fluorescence spectroscopy, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. It was proved before that the eukaryotic budding yeast twinfilin-1 can efficiently bind and severe actin filaments in vitro at low pH values. In the present work steady-state anisotropy measurements revealed that twinfilin can bind efficiently to F-actin. Dilution-induced depolymerization assay proved that mammalian twinfilin-1 has an actin filament severing activity. This severing activity was more pronounced at low pH values. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy measurements could support the severing activity of mouse twinfilin-1. The average rate of depolymerization was more apparent at low pH values. The differential scanning calorimetry measurements demonstrated that mammalian twinfilin-1 could reduce the stiffness within the actin filaments before the detachment of the actin protomers. The structural and dynamic reorganization of actin can support the twinfilin-1 induced separation of actin protomers. The measured data indicated that mammalian twinfilin-1 was able to accelerate the monomers dissociation and/or sever the filaments effectively at low pH values. It was concluded that twinfilin-1 can affect the F-actin in biological processes or under stress situations when the pH is markedly under the physiological level.
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Takács-Kollár V, Nyitrai M, Hild G. The effect of mouse twinfilin-1 on the structure and dynamics of monomeric actin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:840-6. [PMID: 27079635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of twinfilin-1 on the structure and dynamics of monomeric actin was investigated with fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements proved that G-actin and twinfilin-1 could form a complex. Due to the formation of the complexes the dissociation of the nucleotide slowed down from the nucleotide-binding pocket of actin. Fluorescence quenching experiments showed that the accessibility of the actin bound ε-ATP decreased in the presence of twinfilin-1. Temperature dependent fluorescence resonance energy transfer and differential scanning calorimetry experiments revealed that the protein matrix of actin becomes more rigid and more heat resistant in the presence of twinfilin-1. The results suggest that the nucleotide binding cleft shifted into a more closed and stable conformational state of actin in the presence of twinfilin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Takács-Kollár
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 34, H-7624, Hungary; MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Gábor Hild
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624, Hungary; University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Radiology, Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 13. H-7624, Hungary.
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19
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Kumar G, Kajuluri LP, Gupta CM, Sahasrabuddhe AA. A twinfilin-like protein coordinates karyokinesis by influencing mitotic spindle elongation and DNA replication in Leishmania. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:173-87. [PMID: 26713845 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Twinfilin is an evolutionarily conserved actin-binding protein, which regulates actin-dynamics in eukaryotic cells. Homologs of this protein have been detected in the genome of various protozoan parasites causing diseases in human. However, very little is known about their core functions in these organisms. We show here that a twinfilin homolog in a human pathogen Leishmania, primarily localizes to the nucleolus and, to some extent, also in the basal body region. In the dividing cells, nucleolar twinfilin redistributes to the mitotic spindle and remains there partly associated with the spindle microtubules. We further show that approximately 50% depletion of this protein significantly retards the cell growth due to sluggish progression of S phase of the cell division cycle, owing to the delayed nuclear DNA synthesis. Interestingly, overexpression of this protein results in significantly increased length of the mitotic spindle in the dividing Leishmania cells, whereas, its depletion adversely affects spindle elongation and architecture. Our results indicate that twinfilin controls on one hand, the DNA synthesis and on the other, the mitotic spindle elongation, thus contributing to karyokinesis in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension-10, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, PIN-226 031, India
| | - Lova P Kajuluri
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension-10, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, PIN-226 031, India
| | - Chhitar M Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronics City, Phase-I, Bangaluru, PIN-560 100, India
| | - Amogh A Sahasrabuddhe
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension-10, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, PIN-226 031, India
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20
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Graustein AD, Horne DJ, Arentz M, Bang ND, Chau TTH, Thwaites GE, Caws M, Thuong NTT, Dunstan SJ, Hawn TR. TLR9 gene region polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis in Vietnam. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:190-6. [PMID: 25616954 PMCID: PMC4573533 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Humans exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) show variation in susceptibility to infection and differences in tuberculosis (TB) disease outcome. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a pattern recognition receptor that mediates recognition of Mtb and modulates Mtb-specific T-cell responses. Using a case-population design, we evaluated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR9 gene region are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary or meningeal TB as well as neurologic presentation and mortality in the meningeal TB group. In a discovery cohort (n = 352 cases, 382 controls), three SNPs were associated with TB (all forms, p < 0.05) while three additional SNPs neared significance (0.05 < p < 0.1). When these six SNPs were evaluated in a validation cohort (n = 339 cases, 367 controls), one was significant (rs352142) while another neared significance (rs352143). When the cohorts were combined, rs352142 was most strongly associated with meningeal tuberculosis (dominant model; p = 0.0002, OR 2.36, CI 1.43-3.87) while rs352143 was associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (recessive model; p = 0.006, OR 5.3, CI 1.26-31.13). None of the SNPs were associated with mortality. This is the first demonstration of an association between a TLR9 gene region SNP and tuberculous meningitis. In addition, this extends previous findings that support associations of TLR9 SNPs with pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D J Horne
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Arentz
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N D Bang
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for Tuberculosis & Lung Disease, HCMC, Viet Nam
| | - T T H Chau
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam
| | - G E Thwaites
- Oxford Univ. Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam; Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford Univ., UK
| | - M Caws
- Oxford Univ. Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, UK
| | - N T T Thuong
- Oxford Univ. Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam; Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford Univ., UK
| | - S J Dunstan
- Oxford Univ. Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HCMC, Viet Nam; Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Oxford Univ., UK; The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - T R Hawn
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kremneva E, Makkonen MH, Skwarek-Maruszewska A, Gateva G, Michelot A, Dominguez R, Lappalainen P. Cofilin-2 controls actin filament length in muscle sarcomeres. Dev Cell 2015; 31:215-26. [PMID: 25373779 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ADF/cofilins drive cytoskeletal dynamics by promoting the disassembly of "aged" ADP-actin filaments. Mammals express several ADF/cofilin isoforms, but their specific biochemical activities and cellular functions have not been studied in detail. Here, we demonstrate that the muscle-specific isoform cofilin-2 promotes actin filament disassembly in sarcomeres to control the precise length of thin filaments in the contractile apparatus. In contrast to other isoforms, cofilin-2 efficiently binds and disassembles both ADP- and ATP/ADP-Pi-actin filaments. We mapped surface-exposed cofilin-2-specific residues required for ATP-actin binding and propose that these residues function as an "actin nucleotide-state sensor" among ADF/cofilins. The results suggest that cofilin-2 evolved specific biochemical and cellular properties that allow it to control actin dynamics in sarcomeres, where filament pointed ends may contain a mixture of ADP- and ATP/ADP-Pi-actin subunits. Our findings also offer a rationale for why cofilin-2 mutations in humans lead to myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kremneva
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit H Makkonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Gergana Gateva
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alphee Michelot
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, iRTSV, CNRS/CEA/INRA/UJF, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Edwards M, Zwolak A, Schafer DA, Sept D, Dominguez R, Cooper JA. Capping protein regulators fine-tune actin assembly dynamics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:677-89. [PMID: 25207437 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Capping protein (CP) binds the fast growing barbed end of the actin filament and regulates actin assembly by blocking the addition and loss of actin subunits. Recent studies provide new insights into how CP and barbed-end capping are regulated. Filament elongation factors, such as formins and ENA/VASP (enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein), indirectly regulate CP by competing with CP for binding to the barbed end, whereas other molecules, including V-1 and phospholipids, directly bind to CP and sterically block its interaction with the filament. In addition, a diverse and unrelated group of proteins interact with CP through a conserved 'capping protein interaction' (CPI) motif. These proteins, including CARMIL (capping protein, ARP2/3 and myosin I linker), CD2AP (CD2-associated protein) and the WASH (WASP and SCAR homologue) complex subunit FAM21, recruit CP to specific subcellular locations and modulate its actin-capping activity via allosteric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Edwards
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Adam Zwolak
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dorothy A Schafer
- Departments of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - David Sept
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Guardians of the actin monomer. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 92:316-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Poukkula M, Kremneva E, Serlachius M, Lappalainen P. Actin-depolymerizing factor homology domain: a conserved fold performing diverse roles in cytoskeletal dynamics. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2011; 68:471-90. [PMID: 21850706 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Actin filaments form contractile and protrusive structures that play central roles in many processes such as cell migration, morphogenesis, endocytosis, and cytokinesis. During these processes, the dynamics of the actin filaments are precisely regulated by a large array of actin-binding proteins. The actin-depolymerizing factor homology (ADF-H) domain is a structurally conserved protein motif, which promotes cytoskeletal dynamics by interacting with monomeric and/or filamentous actin, and with the Arp2/3 complex. Despite their structural homology, the five classes of ADF-H domain proteins display distinct biochemical activities and cellular roles, only parts of which are currently understood. ADF/cofilin promotes disassembly of aged actin filaments, whereas twinfilin inhibits actin filament assembly via sequestering actin monomers and interacting with filament barbed ends. GMF does not interact with actin, but instead binds Arp2/3 complex and promotes dissociation of Arp2/3-mediated filament branches. Abp1 and drebrin are multidomain proteins that interact with actin filaments and regulate the activities of other proteins during various actin-dependent processes. The exact function of coactosin is currently incompletely understood. In this review article, we discuss the biochemical functions, cellular roles, and regulation of the five groups of ADF-H domain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Poukkula
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Twinfilins are evolutionarily conserved regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. They inhibit actin polymerization by binding both actin monomers and filament barbed ends. Inactivation of the single twinfilin gene from budding yeast and fruit fly results in defects in endocytosis, cell migration, and organization of the cortical actin filament structures. Mammals express three twinfilin isoforms, of which twinfilin-1 and twinfilin-2a display largely overlapping expression patterns in non-muscle tissues of developing and adult mice. The expression of twinfilin-2b, which is generated through alternative promoter usage of the twinfilin-2 gene, is restricted to heart and skeletal muscles. However, the physiological functions of mammalian twinfilins have not been reported. As a first step towards understanding the function of twinfilin in vertebrates, we generated twinfilin-2a deficient mice by deleting exon 1 of the twinfilin-2 gene. Twinfilin-2a knockout mice developed normally to adulthood, were fertile, and did not display obvious morphological or behavioural abnormalities. Tissue anatomy and morphology in twinfilin-2a deficient mice was similar to that of wild-type littermates. These data suggest that twinfilin-2a plays a redundant role in cytoskeletal dynamics with the biochemically similar twinfilin-1, which is typically co-expressed in same tissues with twinfilin-2a.
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Li Q, Song XW, Zou J, Wang GK, Kremneva E, Li XQ, Zhu N, Sun T, Lappalainen P, Yuan WJ, Qin YW, Jing Q. Attenuation of microRNA-1 derepresses the cytoskeleton regulatory protein twinfilin-1 to provoke cardiac hypertrophy. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:2444-52. [PMID: 20571053 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.067165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are involved in several aspects of cardiac hypertrophy, including cardiac growth, conduction, and fibrosis. However, their effects on the regulation of the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton in this pathological process are not known. Here, with microRNA microarray and small RNA library sequencing, we show that microRNA-1 (miR-1) is the most abundant microRNA in the human heart. By applying bioinformatic target prediction, a cytoskeleton regulatory protein twinfilin-1 was identified as a potential target of miR-1. Overexpression of miR-1 not only reduced the luciferase activity of the reporter containing the 3' untranslated region of twinfilin-1 mRNA, but also suppressed the endogenous protein expression of twinfilin-1, indicating that twinfilin-1 is a direct target of miR-1. miR-1 was substantially downregulated in the rat hypertrophic left ventricle and phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, and accordingly, the protein level of twinfilin-1 was increased. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-1 in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes reduced the cell size and attenuated the expression of hypertrophic markers, whereas silencing of miR-1 in cardiomyocytes resulted in the hypertrophic phenotype. In accordance, twinfilin-1 overexpression promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the cytoskeleton regulatory protein twinfilin-1 is a novel target of miR-1, and that reduction of miR-1 by hypertrophic stimuli induces the upregulation of twinfilin-1, which in turn evokes hypertrophy through the regulation of cardiac cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Nucleic Acid and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Abstract
Inner ear sensory hair cells convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals. This conversion happens in the exquisitely mechanosensitive hair bundle that protrudes from the cell's apical surface. In mammals, cochlear hair bundles are composed of 50-100 actin-filled stereocilia, which are organized in three rows in a staircase manner. Stereocilia actin filaments are uniformly oriented with their barbed ends toward stereocilia tips. During development, the actin core of each stereocilium undergoes elongation due to addition of actin monomers to the barbed ends of the filaments. Here we show that in the mouse cochlea the barbed end capping protein twinfilin 2 is present at the tips of middle and short rows of stereocilia from postnatal day 5 (P5) onward, which correlates with a time period when these rows stop growing. The tall stereocilia rows, which do not display twinfilin 2 at their tips, continue to elongate between P5 and P15. When we expressed twinfilin 2 in LLC/PK1-CL4 (CL4) cells, we observed a reduction of espin-induced microvilli length, pointing to a potent function of twinfilin 2 in suppressing the elongation of actin filaments. Overexpression of twinfilin 2 in cochlear inner hair cells resulted in a significant reduction of stereocilia length. Our results suggest that twinfilin 2 plays a role in the regulation of stereocilia elongation by restricting excessive elongation of the shorter row stereocilia thereby maintaining the mature staircase architecture of cochlear hair bundles.
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MyosinVIIa interacts with Twinfilin-2 at the tips of mechanosensory stereocilia in the inner ear. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7097. [PMID: 19774077 PMCID: PMC2743196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates hearing is dependent upon the microvilli-like mechanosensory stereocilia and their length gradation. The staircase-like organization of the stereocilia bundle is dynamically maintained by variable actin turnover rates. Two unconventional myosins were previously implicated in stereocilia length regulation but the mechanisms of their action remain unknown. MyosinXVa is expressed in stereocilia tips at levels proportional to stereocilia length and its absence produces staircase-like bundles of very short stereocilia. MyosinVIIa localizes to the tips of the shorter stereocilia within bundles, and when absent, the stereocilia are abnormally long. We show here that myosinVIIa interacts with twinfilin-2, an actin binding protein, which inhibits actin polymerization at the barbed end of the filament, and that twinfilin localization in stereocilia overlaps with myosinVIIa. Exogenous expression of myosinVIIa in fibroblasts results in a reduced number of filopodia and promotes accumulation of twinfilin-2 at the filopodia tips. We hypothesize that the newly described interaction between myosinVIIa and twinfilin-2 is responsible for the establishment and maintenance of slower rates of actin turnover in shorter stereocilia, and that interplay between complexes of myosinVIIa/twinfilin-2 and myosinXVa/whirlin is responsible for stereocilia length gradation within the bundle staircase.
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