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Fathi-Karkan S, Sargazi S, Shojaei S, Farasati Far B, Mirinejad S, Cordani M, Khosravi A, Zarrabi A, Ghavami S. Biotin-functionalized nanoparticles: an overview of recent trends in cancer detection. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12750-12792. [PMID: 38899396 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00634h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical bio-sensing is a potent and efficient method for converting various biological recognition events into voltage, current, and impedance electrical signals. Biochemical sensors are now a common part of medical applications, such as detecting blood glucose levels, detecting food pathogens, and detecting specific cancers. As an exciting feature, bio-affinity couples, such as proteins with aptamers, ligands, paired nucleotides, and antibodies with antigens, are commonly used as bio-sensitive elements in electrochemical biosensors. Biotin-avidin interactions have been utilized for various purposes in recent years, such as targeting drugs, diagnosing clinically, labeling immunologically, biotechnology, biomedical engineering, and separating or purifying biomolecular compounds. The interaction between biotin and avidin is widely regarded as one of the most robust and reliable noncovalent interactions due to its high bi-affinity and ability to remain selective and accurate under various reaction conditions and bio-molecular attachments. More recently, there have been numerous attempts to develop electrochemical sensors to sense circulating cancer cells and the measurement of intracellular levels of protein thiols, formaldehyde, vitamin-targeted polymers, huwentoxin-I, anti-human antibodies, and a variety of tumor markers (including alpha-fetoprotein, epidermal growth factor receptor, prostate-specific Ag, carcinoembryonic Ag, cancer antigen 125, cancer antigen 15-3, etc.). Still, the non-specific binding of biotin to endogenous biotin-binding proteins present in biological samples can result in false-positive signals and hinder the accurate detection of cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes various categories of biotin-functional nanoparticles designed to detect such biomarkers and highlights some challenges in using them as diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fathi-Karkan
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, 94531-55166 Iran.
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 9414974877, Iran.
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Shirin Shojaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Turkiye.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkiye.
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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2
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Tu AB, Krishna G, Smith KR, Lewis JS. Harnessing Immunomodulatory Polymers for Treatment of Autoimmunity, Allergy, and Transplant Rejection. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:415-440. [PMID: 38959388 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-014306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection are a collection of chronic diseases that are currently incurable, drastically decrease patient quality of life, and consume considerable health care resources. Underlying each of these diseases is a dysregulated immune system that results in the mounting of an inflammatory response against self or an innocuous antigen. As a consequence, afflicted patients are required to adhere to lifelong regimens of multiple immunomodulatory drugs to control disease and reclaim agency. Unfortunately, current immunomodulatory drugs are associated with a myriad of side effects and adverse events, such as increased risk of cancer and increased risk of serious infection, which negatively impacts patient adherence rates and quality of life. The field of immunoengineering is a new discipline that aims to harness endogenous biological pathways to thwart disease and minimize side effects using novel biomaterial-based strategies. We highlight and discuss polymeric micro/nanoparticles with inherent immunomodulatory properties that are currently under investigation in biomaterial-based therapies for treatment of autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen B Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gaddam Krishna
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Kevin R Smith
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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3
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Lledos M, Calatayud DG, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Ge H, Pourzand C, Botchway SW, Sodupe M, Lledós A, Eggleston IM, Pascu SI. Tripodal BODIPY-Tagged and Functional Molecular Probes: Synthesis, Computational Investigations and Explorations by Multiphoton Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Chemistry 2024:e202400858. [PMID: 38887133 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A range of novel BODIPY derivatives with a tripodal aromatic core was synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. These new fluorophores showed promising features as probes for in vitro assays in live cells and offer strategic routes for further functionalization towards hybrid nanomaterials. Incorporation of biotin tags facilitated proof-of-concept access to targeted bioconjugates as molecular probes. Computational explorations using DFT and TD-DFT calculations identified the most stable tripodal linker conformations and predicted their absorption and emission behavior. The uptake and speciation of these molecules in living prostate cancer cells was imaged by single- and two-photon excitation techniques coupled with two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (2P FLIM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lledos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - David G Calatayud
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomas y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- STFC Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Mariona Sodupe
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ian M Eggleston
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
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4
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Tian Y, Ma S, Wen L. Towards chemoenzymatic labeling strategies for profiling protein glycosylation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102460. [PMID: 38678979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the most common and important post-translational modifications of proteins involved in regulating glycoprotein functions. The chemoenzymatic glycan labeling strategy allows rapid, efficient, and selective interrogation of glycoproteins. Glycoproteomics identifies protein glycosylation events at a large scale, providing information such as peptide sequences, glycan structures, and glycosylated sites. This review discusses the recent development of chemoenzymatic labeling strategies for glycoprotein analysis, mainly including glycoprotein and glycosite profiling. Furthermore, we highlight the chemoenzymatic enrichment approaches in mass spectrometry analysis for three classes of glycan modifications, including N-glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and mucin-type O-glycosylation. Finally, we highlight the emerging trends in new tools and cutting-edge technologies available for glycoproteomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhou Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zakiyyah SN, Irkham, Einaga Y, Gultom NS, Fauzia RP, Kadja GTM, Gaffar S, Ozsoz M, Hartati YW. Green Synthesis of Ceria Nanoparticles from Cassava Tubers for Electrochemical Aptasensor Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2488-2498. [PMID: 38577953 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Green synthesis approaches for making nanosized ceria using starch from cassava as template molecules to control the particle size are reported. The results of the green synthesis of ceria with an optimum calcination temperature of 800 °C shows a size distribution of each particle of less than 30 nm with an average size of 9.68 nm, while the ratio of Ce3+ to Ce4+ was 25.6%. The green-synthesized nanoceria are applied to increase the sensitivity and attach biomolecules to the electrode surface of the electrochemical aptasensor system for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The response of the aptasensor to the receptor binding domain of the virus was determined with the potassium ferricyanide redox system. The screen-printed carbon electrode that has been modified with green-synthesized nanoceria shows 1.43 times higher conductivity than the bare electrode, while those modified with commercial ceria increase only 1.18 times. Using an optimized parameter for preparing the aptasensors, the detection and quantification limits were 1.94 and 5.87 ng·mL-1, and the accuracy and precision values were 98.5 and 89.1%. These results show that green-synthesized ceria could be a promising approach for fabricating an electrochemical aptasensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Nur Zakiyyah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Irkham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noto Susanto Gultom
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Retna Putri Fauzia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Grandprix Thomreys Marth Kadja
- Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Shabarni Gaffar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Mehmet Ozsoz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 99138, Turkey
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
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Simonović M, Ostojić S, Micić D, Djurdjić P, Mix T, Kuzmanović Č, Jelovac D. Biotin as a structural component in the detection of small model antigens in BLA-S-ELISA. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38379297 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2318785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
An interesting biotin-linked-antigen-Sandwich-ELISA was developed (BLA-S-ELISA), which based on the captured Trinitrophenol-Biotin (TNP-Biotin) molecule between the immobilised monovalent antibody and enzyme-conjugated streptavidin. Monoclonal anti-Trinitrotoluene single chain fragment antibody (anti-TNT-scFv) was cloned and expressed in E. coli cells, and then used as an immobilised component in an assay. Thereafter, the previously synthesised TNP-Biotin was added as antigen followed by the addition of streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (streptavidin-HRP) conjugate which led finally to the formation of a three-component system (antibody/TNP-Biotin/streptavidin-HRP). The assay was performed with a range of different dilutions of TNP-Biotin to establish its minimal detectable concentration. The detection limit of TNP-Biotin was 4 ngmL-1 (i.e. 200 pg or 0.42 pmol antigen calculated on the basis of 50 μL sample or 8.4 nM expressed in concentration units). According to our best knowledge, this is the very first time for any model antigen to be detected with such a form of biotin-streptavidin sandwich-assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Simonović
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ostojić
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Micić
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Djurdjić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thorsten Mix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Čeda Kuzmanović
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Chirurgy, School of dental medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drago Jelovac
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Chirurgy, School of dental medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Gooran N, Kopra K. Fluorescence-Based Protein Stability Monitoring-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1764. [PMID: 38339045 PMCID: PMC10855643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins are large biomolecules with a specific structure that is composed of one or more long amino acid chains. Correct protein structures are directly linked to their correct function, and many environmental factors can have either positive or negative effects on this structure. Thus, there is a clear need for methods enabling the study of proteins, their correct folding, and components affecting protein stability. There is a significant number of label-free methods to study protein stability. In this review, we provide a general overview of these methods, but the main focus is on fluorescence-based low-instrument and -expertise-demand techniques. Different aspects related to thermal shift assays (TSAs), also called differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) or ThermoFluor, are introduced and compared to isothermal chemical denaturation (ICD). Finally, we discuss the challenges and comparative aspects related to these methods, as well as future opportunities and assay development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari Kopra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland;
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Balzer AHA, Whitehurst CB. An Analysis of the Biotin-(Strept)avidin System in Immunoassays: Interference and Mitigation Strategies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8733-8754. [PMID: 37998726 PMCID: PMC10670868 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunoassay is an analytical test method in which analyte quantitation is based on signal responses generated as a consequence of an antibody-antigen interaction. They are the method of choice for the measurement of a large panel of diagnostic markers. Not only are they fully automated, allowing for a short turnaround time and high throughput, but offer high sensitivity and specificity with low limits of detection for a wide range of analytes. Many immunoassay manufacturers exploit the extremely high affinity of biotin for streptavidin in their assay design architectures as a means to immobilize and detect analytes of interest. The biotin-(strept)avidin system is, however, vulnerable to interference with high levels of supplemental biotin that may cause elevated or suppressed test results. Since this system is heavily applied in clinical diagnostics, biotin interference has become a serious concern, prompting the FDA to issue a safety report alerting healthcare workers and the public about the potential harm of ingesting high levels of supplemental biotin contributing toward erroneous diagnostic test results. This review includes a general background and historical prospective of immunoassays with a focus on the biotin-streptavidin system, interferences within the system, and what mitigations are applied to minimize false diagnostic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. A. Balzer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Basic Medical Science Building, 15 Dana Rd., Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Christopher B. Whitehurst
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Basic Medical Science Building, 15 Dana Rd., Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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9
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Gaines D, Brodsky E, Kaur H, Nestorova GG. RNA capture pin technology: investigating long-term stability and mRNA purification specificity of oligonucleotide immobilization on gold and streptavidin surfaces. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6077-6089. [PMID: 37516691 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Advancing biomedical studies necessitates the development of cutting-edge technologies for the rapid extraction of nucleic acid. We characterized an RNA capture pin (RCP) tool that is non-destructive to the sample and enables rapid purification and enrichment of mRNA for subsequent genetic analysis. At the core of this technology is a pin (200 µm × 3 cm) functionalized with dT15 capture sequences that hybridize to mRNA within 2 min of insertion in the specimen. Two methods for immobilizing the oligos on the surface of the RCPs were investigated: gold-thiol and biotin-streptavidin. The RNA capture efficiency of the RCPs was assessed using a radish plant. The average reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) cycle amplification values were 19.93 and 24.84 for gold- and streptavidin-coated pins, respectively. The amount of RNA present on the surface of the probes was measured using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. RNA sequencing was performed to determine the mRNA selectivity of the RNA capture pin. Gene read count analysis confirmed that the RNA purified via the gold-plated RCPs contained 70% messenger RNA, 10% ribosomal RNA, and 20% non-coding RNA. The long-term stability of the bond between the dT15 oligos and the surface of the RCPs was assessed over 4 months. A significant decrease in the dT15 surface coverage of the streptavidin-coated RCPs was observed after 2 weeks of storage at 4 °C. The gold-thiol RNA capture pins exhibited a retention rate of 40% of the oligos after 4 months of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deriesha Gaines
- Molecular Sciences and Nanotechnology, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Gergana G Nestorova
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, 1 Adams Blvd., Ruston, LA, 71272, USA.
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Porębska N, Ciura K, Chorążewska A, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Multivalent protein-drug conjugates - An emerging strategy for the upgraded precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108213. [PMID: 37453463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
With almost 20 million new cases per year, cancer constitutes one of the most important challenges for public health systems. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, targeted anti-cancer strategies employ sophisticated therapeutics to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, limiting the impact of drugs on healthy cells and thereby minimizing the unwanted side effects of therapy. Protein drug conjugates (PDCs) are a rapidly growing group of targeted therapeutics, composed of a cancer-recognition factor covalently coupled to a cytotoxic drug. Several PDCs, mainly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that employ monoclonal antibodies as cancer-recognition molecules, are used in the clinic and many PDCs are currently in clinical trials. Highly selective, strong and stable interaction of the PDC with the tumor marker, combined with efficient, rapid endocytosis of the receptor/PDC complex and its subsequent effective delivery to lysosomes, is critical for the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy with PDCs. However, the bivalent architecture of contemporary clinical PDCs is not optimal for tumor receptor recognition or PDCs internalization. In this review, we focus on multivalent PDCs, which represent a rapidly evolving and highly promising therapeutics that overcome most of the limitations of current bivalent PDCs, enhancing the precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. We present an expanding set of protein scaffolds used to generate multivalent PDCs that, in addition to folding into well-defined multivalent molecular structures, enable site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic drug to ensure PDC homogeneity. We provide an overview of the architectures of multivalent PDCs developed to date, emphasizing their efficacy in the targeted treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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Wallace S, Kartau M, Kakkar T, Davis C, Szemiel A, Samardzhieva I, Vijayakrishnan S, Cole S, De Lorenzo G, Maillart E, Gautier K, Lapthorn AJ, Patel AH, Gadegaard N, Kadodwala M, Hutchinson E, Karimullah AS. Multiplexed Biosensing of Proteins and Virions with Disposable Plasmonic Assays. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3338-3348. [PMID: 37610841 PMCID: PMC10521139 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Our growing ability to tailor healthcare to the needs of individuals has the potential to transform clinical treatment. However, the measurement of multiple biomarkers to inform clinical decisions requires rapid, effective, and affordable diagnostics. Chronic diseases and rapidly evolving pathogens in a larger population have also escalated the need for improved diagnostic capabilities. Current chemical diagnostics are often performed in centralized facilities and are still dependent on multiple steps, molecular labeling, and detailed analysis, causing the result turnaround time to be over hours and days. Rapid diagnostic kits based on lateral flow devices can return results quickly but are only capable of detecting a handful of pathogens or markers. Herein, we present the use of disposable plasmonics with chiroptical nanostructures as a platform for low-cost, label-free optical biosensing with multiplexing and without the need for flow systems often required in current optical biosensors. We showcase the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in complex media as well as an assay for the Norovirus and Zika virus as an early developmental milestone toward high-throughput, single-step diagnostic kits for differential diagnosis of multiple respiratory viruses and any other emerging diagnostic needs. Diagnostics based on this platform, which we term "disposable plasmonics assays," would be suitable for low-cost screening of multiple pathogens or biomarkers in a near-point-of-care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wallace
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Martin Kartau
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Tarun Kakkar
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Chris Davis
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, G61 1QH Glasgow, U.K
| | - Agnieszka Szemiel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, G61 1QH Glasgow, U.K
| | - Iliyana Samardzhieva
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Swetha Vijayakrishnan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, G61 1QH Glasgow, U.K
| | - Sarah Cole
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, G61 1QH Glasgow, U.K
| | - Giuditta De Lorenzo
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, G61 1QH Glasgow, U.K
| | - Emmanuel Maillart
- HORIBA France SAS, 14, Boulevard Thomas Gobert-Passage Jobin Yvon, CS 45002, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Kevin Gautier
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Adrian J Lapthorn
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Arvind H Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, G61 1QH Glasgow, U.K
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, G12 8LT Glasgow, U.K
| | - Malcolm Kadodwala
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
| | - Edward Hutchinson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Road, G61 1QH Glasgow, U.K
| | - Affar S Karimullah
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, U.K
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12
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Wrobel D, Edr A, Zemanova E, Strašák T, Semeradtova A, Maly J. The influence of amphiphilic carbosilane dendrons on lipid model membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 255:105314. [PMID: 37356611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic dendrons represent a relatively novel class of molecules which may show many unique properties suitable for applications in a field of molecular biology and nanomedicine. They were frequently studied as platforms suitable for drug delivery systems as were, e.g. polymersomes or hybrid lipid-polymer nanoparticles. Recently, natural extracellular lipid vesicles (EVs), called exosomes (EXs), were shown to be a promising candidate in drug delivery applications. Formation of hybrid exosome-dendron nanovesicles could bring benefits in their simple conjugation with selective targeting moieties. Unfortunately, the complex architecture of biological membranes, EXs included, makes obstacles in elucidating the important parameters and mechanisms of interaction with the artificial amphiphilic structures. The aim of the presented work was to study the interaction of two types of amphiphilic carbosilane dendritic structures (denoted as DDN-1 and DDN-2) suitable for further modification with streptavidin (DDN-1) or using click-chemistry approach (DDN-2), with selected neutral and negatively charged lipid model membranes, partially mimicking the basic properties of natural EXs biomembranes. To meet the goal, a number of biophysical methods were used for determination of the degree and mechanisms of the interaction. The results showed that the strength of interactions of amphiphilic dendrons with liposomes was related with surface charge of liposomes. Several steps of interactions were disclosed. The initialization step was mainly coupled with amphiphilic dendrons - liposomes surface interaction resulting in destabilization of large self-assembled amphiphilic dendrons structures. Such destabilization was more significant with liposomes of higher negative charge. With increasing concentration of amphiphilic dendrons in a solution the interactions were taking place also in the hydrophobic part of bilayer. Further increase of nanoparticle concentration resulted in a gradual dendritic cluster formation in a lipid bilayer structure. Due to high affinity of amphiphilic dendrons to model lipid bilayers the conclusion can be drawn that they represent promising platforms also for decoration of exosomes or other kinds of natural lipid vehicles. Such organized hybrid dendron-lipid biomembranes may be advantageous for their subsequent post-functionalization with small molecules, large biomacromolecules or polymers suitable for targeted drug-delivery or theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Wrobel
- Faculty of Science, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ustí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonin Edr
- Faculty of Science, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ustí nad Labem, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Zemanova
- Faculty of Science, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ustí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Faculty of Science, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ustí nad Labem, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Semeradtova
- Faculty of Science, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ustí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Maly
- Faculty of Science, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ustí nad Labem, Czech Republic
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13
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Lu H, Niu L, Yu L, Jin K, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhu X, Wu Y, Zhang Y. Cancer phototherapy with nano-bacteria biohybrids. J Control Release 2023; 360:133-148. [PMID: 37315693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of light for therapeutic interventions, also known as phototherapy, has been extensively employed in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses, including cancer. Despite the benefits of its non-invasive nature, phototherapy still faces challenges pertaining to the delivery of phototherapeutic agents, phototoxicity, and light delivery. The incorporation of nanomaterials and bacteria in phototherapy has emerged as a promising approach that leverages the unique properties of each component. The resulting nano-bacteria biohybrids exhibit enhanced therapeutic efficacy when compared to either component individually. In this review, we summarize and discuss the various strategies for assembling nano-bacteria biohybrids and their applications in phototherapy. We provide a comprehensive overview of the properties and functionalities of nanomaterials and cells in the biohybrids. Notably, we highlight the roles of bacteria beyond their function as drug vehicles, particularly their capacity to produce bioactive molecules. Despite being in its early stage, the integration of photoelectric nanomaterials and genetically engineered bacteria holds promise as an effective biosystem for antitumor phototherapy. The utilization of nano-bacteria biohybrids in phototherapy is a promising avenue for future investigation, with the potential to enhance treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Lu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Luqi Niu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore; National University of Singapore Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Bader LPE, Klok HA. Chemical Approaches for the Preparation of Bacteria - Nano/Microparticle Hybrid Systems. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200440. [PMID: 36454518 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria represent a class of living cells that are very attractive carriers for the transport and delivery of nano- and microsized particles. The use of cell-based carriers, such as for example bacteria, may allow to precisely direct nano- or microsized cargo to a desired site, which would greatly enhance the selectivity of drug delivery and allow to mitigate side effects. One key step towards the use of such nano-/microparticle - bacteria hybrids is the immobilization of the cargo on the bacterial cell surface. To fabricate bacteria - nano-/microparticle biohybrid microsystems, a wide range of chemical approaches are available that can be used to immobilize the particle payload on the bacterial cell surface. This article presents an overview of the various covalent and noncovalent chemistries that are available for the preparation of bacteria - nano-/microparticle hybrids. For each of the different chemical approaches, an overview will be presented that lists the bacterial strains that have been modified, the type and size of nanoparticles that have been immobilized, as well as the methods that have been used to characterize the nanoparticle-modified bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Patricia Elisabeth Bader
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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15
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Levenberg DR, Varon E, Indech G, Ben Uliel T, Geri L, Sharoni A, Shefi O. A streptavidin-biotin system combined with magnetic actuators for remote neuronal guidance. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:40. [PMID: 37340507 PMCID: PMC10283188 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to control neuronal mobility and organization is of great importance in developing neuronal interfaces and novel therapeutic approaches. An emerging promising method is the manipulation of neuronal cells from afar via magnetic forces. Nevertheless, using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as internal actuators may lead to biotoxicity, adverse influence on intracellular processes, and thus requires prerequisite considerations for therapeutic approaches. Magnetizing the cells via the incorporation of magnetic particles that can be applied extracellularly is advantageous. Herein, we have developed a magnetic system based on streptavidin-biotin interaction to decorate cellular membrane with magnetic elements. In this model, superparamagnetic microparticles, coated with streptavidin, were specifically bound to biotinylated PC12 cells. We demonstrated that cell movement can be directed remotely by the forces produced by pre-designed magnetic fields. First, using time lapse imaging, we analyzed the kinetics of cell migration towards the higher flux zone. Next, to form organized networks of cells we designed and fabricated micro-patterned magnetic devices. The fabricated devices were composed of a variety of ferromagnetic shapes, sputter-deposited onto glass substrates. Cells that were conjugated to the magnetic particles were plated atop the micro-patterned substrates, attracted to the magnetic actuators and became fixed onto the magnetic patterns. In all, our study presents a novel system based on a well-known molecular technology combined with nanotechnology that may well lead to the expansion of implantable magnetic actuators to organize and direct cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Rivka Levenberg
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eli Varon
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ganit Indech
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Ben Uliel
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lidor Geri
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amos Sharoni
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Shefi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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16
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Boonyakida J, Khoris IM, Nasrin F, Park EY. Improvement of Modular Protein Display Efficiency in SpyTag-Implemented Norovirus-like Particles. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:308-318. [PMID: 36475654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic fusion and chemical conjugation are the most common approaches for displaying a foreign protein on the surface of virus-like particles (VLPs); however, these methods may negatively affect the formation and stability of VLPs. Here, we aimed to develop a modular display platform for protein decoration on norovirus-like particles (NoV-LPs) by combining the NoV-LP scaffold with the SpyTag/SpyCatcher bioconjugation system, as the NoV-LP is an attractive protein nanoparticle to carry foreign proteins for various applications. The SpyTagged-NoV-LPs were prepared by introducing SpyTag peptide into the C-terminus of the norovirus VP1 protein. To increase surface exposure of the SpyTag peptide on the NoV-LPs, two or three repeated extension linkers (EAAAK) were inserted between the SpyTag peptide and VP1 protein. Fluorescence proteins, EGFP and mCherry, were fused to SpyCatcher and employed as SpyTag conjugation partners. These VP1-SpyTag variants and SpyCatcher-fused EGFP and mCherry were separately expressed in silkworm fat bodies and purified. This study reveals that adding an extension linker did not disrupt the VLP formation; instead, it increased the particle size by 4-6 nm. The conjugation efficiency of the VP1-SpyTag variants with the extended linker improved from ∼15-35 to ∼50-63% based on the densitometric analysis, while it was up to 77% based on an optical quantification of EGFP and mCherry. Results indicate that the linker causes the SpyTag peptides to be positioned further away from the C-termini of VP1 and potentially increases the exposure of the SpyTag to the outer surface of the NoV-LPs, allowing more SpyTag/SpyCatcher complex formation on the VLP surface. Our study provides a strategy for enhancing the conjugation efficiency of NoV-LP and demonstrates the platform's utility for developing vaccines or functional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirayu Boonyakida
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga ward, Shizuoka422-8529, Japan
| | - Indra Memdi Khoris
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga ward, Shizuoka422-8529, Japan
| | - Fahmida Nasrin
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga ward, Shizuoka422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga ward, Shizuoka422-8529, Japan
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Dhandapani G, Nguyen VG, Kim MC, Noh JY, Jang SS, Yoon SW, Jeong DG, Huynh TML, Le VP, Song D, Kim HK. Magnetic-bead-based DNA-capture-assisted real-time polymerase chain reaction and recombinase polymerase amplification for the detection of African swine fever virus. Arch Virol 2023; 168:21. [PMID: 36593422 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a deadly disease in swine caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The global spread of ASFV has resulted in significant economic losses worldwide. Improved early detection has been the most important first line of defense for preventing ASF outbreaks and for activating control measures. Despite the availability of rapid amplification methods, nucleic acid extraction from specimens still needs to be performed in a laboratory. To facilitate this step, we exploited the strong affinity of biotin-streptavidin binding by functionalizing streptavidin-coated magnetic beads with biotinylated oligonucleotide capture probes to efficiently capture genotype II ASFV DNA directly from crude clinical samples. The captured DNA is suitable for detection using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). In this study, ASFV DNA was efficiently captured from swine feces, serum, and tissue samples. Both DNA-capture-assisted qPCR and RPA-based detection methods have a limit of detection (LOD) of 102 copies/µl, which is comparable to those of commercially available kits. In addition, an RPA-SYBR Green I method was developed for the immediate visual detection of ASFV DNA, which is time-saving and efficient for resource-limited field settings. In summary, a rapid, versatile, sequence-specific DNA capture method was developed to efficiently capture ASFV DNA from swine clinical samples and subsequent detection by qPCR and RPA, which has the potential to be used for robust screening and surveillance of ASFV and in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Dhandapani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and infectious diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Min Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Sik Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Yoon
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi My Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and infectious diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and infectious diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Kwon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Didevara E, Sadoogh Abbasian S, Sadeghi A, Abtahi H. Production of mutant streptavidin protein and investigation of its effect on the performance of streptavidin. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:572-578. [PMID: 37051096 PMCID: PMC10083828 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69083.15060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Streptavidin is a versatile protein in cell science. The tetramer structure of streptavidin plays a key role in this binding, but this form interferes with some assays. If monomer streptavidin is still capable of binding to biotin, it can overcome the limitations of the streptavidin application. So, we examined the elimination of tryptophan 120 and its effect on the function of streptavidin. Materials and Methods Mutant streptavidin gene was synthesized in a pBSK vector. Then it was ligated to the pET32α vector. This vector is expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS host. After purification and refolding of the recombinant protein, its structure was analyzed on the SDS_PAGE gel. Recombinant streptavidin binding affinity to biotin was evaluated by spectrophotometric and HABA color compound. Results Mutant streptavidin gene was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS host and the purified protein was observed as a single band in the 36 kDa area. The best condition for dialysis was PBS buffer+arginine. The molar ratio of biotin/protein of mutant streptavidin was not only near but also more than standard protein. Mutant streptavidin remained in the monomeric state in the presence or absence of biotin. Conclusion Results of this study showed that 120 tryptophan is one of the most important factors in tetramer streptavidin formation and its deletion produces the monomer form that has a high binding affinity to biotin. This mutant form of streptavidin can therefore be used in studies requiring monovalent binding as well as in studies facing limitations due to the size of streptavidin tetramer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Didevara
- Molecular and Medical Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Abdolrahime Sadeghi
- Molecular and Medical Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medical Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Corresponding author: Hamid Abtahi. Molecular and Medical Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-8634173645;
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19
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Ciciriello AJ, Surnar B, Medy GD, Su X, Dhar S, Dumont CM. Biomaterial-targeted precision nanoparticle delivery to the injured spinal cord. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:532-545. [PMID: 36087868 PMCID: PMC10551882 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery requires precision in timing, location, and dosage to achieve therapeutic benefits. Challenges in addressing all three of these critical criteria result in poor temporal dexterity, widespread accumulation and off-target effects, and high doses with the potential for toxicity. To address these challenges, we have developed the BiomatErial Accumulating Carriers for On-demand Nanotherapy (BEACON) platform that utilizes an implantable biomaterial to serve as a target for systemically delivered nanoparticles (NPs). With the BEACON system, administered NPs are conjugated with a ligand that has high affinity for a receptor in the implanted biomaterial. To test BEACON, an in vivo spinal cord injury (SCI) model was used as it provides an injury model where the three identified criteria can be tested as it is a dynamic and complicated injury model with no currently approved therapies. Through our work, we have demonstrated temporal dexterity in NP administration by injecting 6 days post-SCI, decreased off-target accumulation with a significant drop in liver accumulation, and retention of our NPs in the target biomaterial. The BEACON system can be applied broadly, beyond the nervous system, to improve systemically delivered NP accumulation at an implanted biomaterial target. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Targeted drug delivery approaches have the potential to improve therapeutic regimens for patients on a case-by-case basis. Improved localization of a therapeutic to site of interest can result in increased efficacy and limit the need for repeat dosing. Unfortunately, targeted strategies can fall short when receptors on cells or tissues are too widespread or change over the course of disease or injury progression. The BEACON system developed herein eliminates the need to target a cell or tissue receptor by targeting an implantable biomaterial with location-controllable accumulation and sustained presentation over time. The targeting paradigm presented by BEACON is widely applicable throughout tissue engineering and regenerative medicine without the need to retool for each new application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Bapurao Surnar
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Giovanni D Medy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1475 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.
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20
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Shola David M, Kanayeva D. Enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1017542. [PMID: 36250054 PMCID: PMC9559407 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1017542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential spread of COVID-19 has prompted the need to develop a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool. Aptamer-based detection assays like ELONA are promising since they are inexpensive and sensitive. Aptamers have advantages over antibodies in wide modification, small size, in vitro selection, and stability under stringent conditions, which aid in scalable and reliable detection. In this work, we used aptamers against SARS-CoV-2 RBD S protein to design a simple and sensitive ELONA detection tool. Screening CoV2-RBD-1C and CoV2-RBD-4C aptamers and optimizing assay conditions led to the development of a direct ELONA that can detect SARS-CoV-2 RBD S glycoprotein in buffer solution and 0.1 % human nasal fluid with a detection limit of 2.16 ng/mL and 1.02 ng/mL, respectively. We detected inactivated Alpha, Wuhan, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 with the detection limit of 3.73, 5.72, and 6.02 TCID50/mL, respectively. Using the two aptamers as capture and reporter elements, we designed a more sensitive sandwich assay to identify the three SARS-CoV-2 variants employed in this research. As predicted, a lower detection limit was obtained. Sandwich assay LOD was 2.31 TCID50/mL for Alpha, 1.15 TCID50/mL for Wuhan, and 2.96 TCID50/mL for Delta. The sensitivity of sandwich ELONA was validated using Alpha and Wuhan variants spiked in 0.1% human nasal fluid sample condition and were detected in 1.41 and 1.79 TCID50/mL LOD, respectively. SEM was used to visualize the presence of viral particles in the Delta variant sample. The effective detection of SARS-CoV-2 in this study confirms the potential of our aptamer-based technique as a screening tool.
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21
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Kelly AM, Fricker BA, Wallace KJ. Protocol for multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry in free-floating rodent brain tissues. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101672. [PMID: 36107743 PMCID: PMC9483644 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying multiple proteins within the same tissue allows for assessing protein colocalization, is cost effective, and maximizes efficiency. Here, we describe a protocol for multiplex immunolabeling of proteins in free-floating rodent brain sections. As opposed to slide-mounted immunohistochemistry, the free-floating approach results in less tissue loss and greater antibody penetration. Using distinct fluorophores for individual proteins, this protocol allows for visualization of three or more proteins within tissue sections. The protocol can be applied to other tissue types. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Gonzalez Abreu et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M. Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Brandon A. Fricker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelly J. Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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22
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Wu SY, Wu FG, Chen X. Antibody-Incorporated Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109210. [PMID: 35142395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer therapy, one of the most significant therapeutic strategies, has achieved considerable success and progress over the past decades. Nevertheless, obstacles including limited tumor penetration, short circulation half-lives, undesired immunogenicity, and off-target side effects remain to be overcome for the antibody-based cancer treatment. Owing to the rapid development of nanotechnology, antibody-containing nanomedicines that have been extensively explored to overcome these obstacles have already demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy and clinical translation potential. This review intends to offer an overview of the advancements of antibody-incorporated nanoparticulate systems in cancer treatment, together with the nontrivial challenges faced by these next-generation nanomedicines. Diverse strategies of antibody immobilization, formats of antibodies, types of cancer-associated antigens, and anticancer mechanisms of antibody-containing nanomedicines are provided and discussed in this review, with an emphasis on the latest applications. The current limitations and future research directions on antibody-containing nanomedicines are also discussed from different perspectives to provide new insights into the construction of anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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23
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Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging of His-Tag-Driven Conjugation of mCherry Proteins to Silver Nanowires. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to apply fluorescence microscopy to image protein conjugation to Ni-NTA modified silver nanowires in real time via the His-tag attachment. First, a set of experiments was designed and performed for the mixtures of proteins and silver nanowires in order to demonstrate plasmon enhancement of mCherry protein fluorescence as well as the ability to image fluorescence of single molecules. The results indicated strong enhancement of single-protein fluorescence emission upon coupling with silver nanowires. This conclusion was supported by a decrease in the fluorescence decay time of mCherry proteins. Real-time imaging was carried out for a structure created by dropping protein solution onto a glass substrate with functionalized silver nanowires. We observed specific attachment of mCherry proteins to the nanowires, with the recognition time being much longer than in the case of streptavidin–biotin conjugation. This result indicated that it is possible to design a universal and efficient real-time sensing platform with plasmonically active functionalized silver nanowires.
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24
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Qian S, Chang D, He S, Li Y. Aptamers from random sequence space: Accomplishments, gaps and future considerations. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1196:339511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Ali Z, Sánchez E, Tehseen M, Mahas A, Marsic T, Aman R, Sivakrishna Rao G, Alhamlan FS, Alsanea MS, Al-Qahtani AA, Hamdan S, Mahfouz M. Bio-SCAN: A CRISPR/dCas9-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid, Specific, and Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:406-419. [PMID: 34939798 PMCID: PMC8751644 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive point-of-care detection methods are needed to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. CRISPR/Cas9-based lateral flow assays are emerging as a powerful alternative for COVID-19 diagnostics. Here, we developed Bio-SCAN (biotin-coupled specific CRISPR-based assay for nucleic acid detection) as an accurate pathogen detection platform that requires no sophisticated equipment or technical expertise. Bio-SCAN detects the SARS-CoV-2 genome in less than 1 h from sample collection to result. In the first step, the target nucleic acid sequence is isothermally amplified in 15 min via recombinase polymerase amplification before being precisely detected by biotin-labeled nuclease-dead SpCas9 (dCas9) on commercially available lateral flow strips. The resulting readout is visible to the naked eye. Compared to other CRISPR-Cas-based pathogen detection assays, Bio-SCAN requires no additional reporters, probes, enhancers, reagents, or sophisticated devices to interpret the results. Bio-SCAN is highly sensitive and successfully detected a clinically relevant level (4 copies/μL) of synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. Similarly, Bio-SCAN showed 100% negative and 96% positive predictive agreement with RT-qPCR results when using clinical samples (86 nasopharyngeal swab samples). Furthermore, incorporating variant-specific sgRNAs in the detection reaction allowed Bio-SCAN to efficiently distinguish between the α, β, and δ SARS-CoV-2 variants. Also, our results confirmed that the Bio-SCAN reagents have a long shelf life and can be assembled locally in nonlaboratory and limited-resource settings. Furthermore, the Bio-SCAN platform is compatible with the nucleic acid quick extraction protocol. Our results highlight the potential of Bio-SCAN as a promising point-of-care diagnostic platform that can facilitate low-cost mass screening for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic
Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Edith Sánchez
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic
Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tehseen
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination,
Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahas
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic
Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Tin Marsic
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic
Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Rashid Aman
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic
Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Gundra Sivakrishna Rao
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic
Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Fatimah Saeed Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King
Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Madain S. Alsanea
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King
Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King
Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Hamdan
- Laboratory of DNA Replication and Recombination,
Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic
Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
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26
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Ayan E, Yuksel B, Destan E, Ertem FB, Yildirim G, Eren M, Yefanov OM, Barty A, Tolstikova A, Ketawala GK, Botha S, Dao EH, Hayes B, Liang M, Seaberg MH, Hunter MS, Batyuk A, Mariani V, Su Z, Poitevin F, Yoon CH, Kupitz C, Cohen A, Doukov T, Sierra RG, Dağ Ç, DeMirci H. Cooperative allostery and structural dynamics of streptavidin at cryogenic- and ambient-temperature. Commun Biol 2022; 5:73. [PMID: 35058563 PMCID: PMC8776744 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimeric protein assemblies are abundant in nature. Streptavidin is an attractive protein that provides a paradigm system to investigate the intra- and intermolecular interactions of multimeric protein complexes. Also, it offers a versatile tool for biotechnological applications. Here, we present two apo-streptavidin structures, the first one is an ambient temperature Serial Femtosecond X-ray crystal (Apo-SFX) structure at 1.7 Å resolution and the second one is a cryogenic crystal structure (Apo-Cryo) at 1.1 Å resolution. These structures are mostly in agreement with previous structural data. Combined with computational analysis, these structures provide invaluable information about structural dynamics of apo streptavidin. Collectively, these data further reveal a novel cooperative allostery of streptavidin which binds to substrate via water molecules that provide a polar interaction network and mimics the substrate biotin which displays one of the strongest affinities found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Yuksel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Destan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betul Ertem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunseli Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Eren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Anton Barty
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Gihan K Ketawala
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA
| | - Sabine Botha
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5001, USA
| | - E Han Dao
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Brandon Hayes
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mengning Liang
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Matthew H Seaberg
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Mark S Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Valerio Mariani
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Zhen Su
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Frederic Poitevin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Chun Hong Yoon
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Kupitz
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Aina Cohen
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Tzanko Doukov
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Raymond G Sierra
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Çağdaş Dağ
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanofabrication and Nanocharacterization Center for Scientific and Technological Advanced Research, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University Isbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan DeMirci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Koc University Isbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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Tabatabaei MS, Islam R, Ahmed M. Size and macromolecule stabilizer-dependent performance of gold colloids in immuno-PCR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2205-2217. [PMID: 35034157 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are well-documented for their size and surface chemistry-dependent electronic and optical properties that are extensively utilized to develop highly sensitive immunoassays. GNP-based immuno-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-PCR) is especially interesting due to the facile loading of biomolecules on the surface of GNP probes and has been utilized to develop analyte-specific assays. In this study, the role of size and surface chemistry of GNPs is explored in detail to develop a highly sensitive and reproducible immuno-PCR assay for specific detection of biotinylated analytes. Our results indicate that smaller-sized gold nanoparticles outperform the larger ones in terms of their sensitivity in immuno-PCR assay and show superior loading of proteins and oligonucleotides on the surface of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the role of different macromolecular stabilizers (such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and PEGylated BSA) was compared to optimize the loading of biomolecules and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of GNP probes. mPEG-BSA-functionalized GNP probes of 15 nm were found to be highly sensitive at low concentrations of analytes and significantly (~ 30 fold) improve the limit of detection of analytes in comparison with ELISA assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdis Sadat Tabatabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | | | - Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, Canada. .,Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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28
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Abstract
At the heart of drug design is the discovery of molecules that bind with high affinity to their drug targets. Biotin forms the strongest known noncovalent ligand-protein interactions with avidin and streptavidin, achieving femtomolar and picomolar affinities, respectively. This is made even more exceptional because biotin achieves this with a meagre molecular weight of 240 Da. Surprisingly, the approaches by which biotin achieves this are not in the standard repertoire of current medicinal chemistry practice. Biotin's biggest lesson is the importance of nonclassical H-bonds in protein-ligand complexes. Most of biotin's affinity stems from its flexible valeric acid side chain that forms CH-π, CH-O, and classical H-bonds with the lipophilic region of the binding pocket. Biotin also utilizes an oxyanion hole, a sulfur-centered H-bond, and water solvation in the bound state to achieve its potency. The facets and advantages of biotin's approach to binding should be more widely adopted in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl B McConnell
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
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29
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Kokorina AA, Rashchevskaya RO, Goryacheva IY. Nets of biotin-derived gold nanoparticles as a label for the C-reactive protein immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6867-6875. [PMID: 34559243 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a promising approach for the one-pot generation of the biotin-derived gold nanoparticles (GNPs@biotin). We report a direct method for the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid with biotin and generation of the labels due to nets formed via biotin-streptavidin interactions. The synthesized GNPs@biotin have a characteristic plasmon maximum, excellent colloidal stability, and streptavidin coupling efficiency. The size of the GNPs@biotin:streptavidin nets and the efficiency of interaction with specific antibodies can be easily customized by the component concentrations and time of their interaction. Moreover, the proposed labels require no additional reagents or manipulations for the synthesis, separation, or purification. The developed labels were applied for the detection of the model antigen of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a major inflammation biomarker. The assembling labels demonstrated a competitive advantage limit of CRP detection (LOD) of 1.2 ng/mL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.9 ng/mL in human plasma comparable to classical immunoassays. Moreover, the proposed approach is universal and can be potentially applied for the quantitative determination of other biomarkers in a variety of immunoassays in a combination with specific biotinylated antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A Kokorina
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | | | - Irina Yu Goryacheva
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia.
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30
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Tran L, Park S. Highly sensitive detection of dengue biomarker using streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15196. [PMID: 34312404 PMCID: PMC8313577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly sensitive immunosensor using streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots (QDs/SA) was developed to detect dengue biomarker of non-structural protein 1 (NS1) at very low concentration, so that it can probe dengue infection even in the early stage. The QDs/SA were first bound to biotinylated NS1 antibody (Ab) and the QDs/SA-Ab conjugates were then used to detect the NS1 antigen (Ag) in the Ag concentration range of 1 pM to 120 nM. The formation of QDs/SA-Ab and QDs/SA-Ab-Ag conjugates was confirmed by the measurements of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FF-SEM), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta-potential. Fluorescence emission spectra of QDs/SA-Ab-Ag conjugates showed that the magnitude of fluorescence quenching was linearly proportional to the NS1 Ag concentration and it nicely followed the Stern-Volmer (SV) equation in phosphate buffer solution. However, in human plasma serum solution, the fluorescence quenching behavior was negatively deviated from the SV equation presumably due to interference by the serum component biomolecules, and it was well explained by the Lehrer equation. These results suggest that the current approach is promising because it is highly sensitive, fast, simple, and convenient, and thus it has a potential of application for point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Sangkwon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
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31
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Damiati S, Sopstad S, Peacock M, Akhtar AS, Pinto I, Soares RRG, Russom A. Flex Printed Circuit Board Implemented Graphene-Based DNA Sensor for Detection of SARS-CoV-2. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:13060-13067. [PMID: 35582203 PMCID: PMC8864937 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3068922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, ongoing efforts have been made to develop sensitive diagnostic platforms. Detection of viral RNA provides the highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of early and asymptomatic infections. Thus, this work aimed at developing a label-free genosensor composed of graphene as a working electrode that could be embedded into a flex printed circuit board (FPCB) for the rapid, sensitive, amplification-free and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2. To facilitate liquid handling and ease of use, the developed biosensor was embedded with a user-friendly reservoir chamber. As a proof-of-concept, detection of a synthetic DNA strand matching the sequence of ORF1ab was performed as a two-step strategy involving the immobilization of a biotinylated complementary sequence on a streptavidin-modified surface, followed by hybridization with the target sequence recorded by the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique in the presence of a ferro/ferricyanide redox couple. The effective design of the sensing platform improved its selectivity and sensitivity and allowed DNA quantification ranging from 100 fg/mL to [Formula: see text]/mL. Combining the electrochemical technique with FPCB enabled rapid detection of the target sequence using a small volume of the sample (5-[Formula: see text]). We achieved a limit-of-detection of 100 fg/mL, whereas the predicted value was ~33 fg/mL, equivalent to approximately [Formula: see text] copies/mL and comparable to sensitivities provided by isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests. We believe that the developed approach proves the ability of an FPCB-implemented DNA sensor to act as a potentially simpler and more affordable diagnostic assay for viral infections in Point-Of-Care (POC) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Damiati
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Division of NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Protein Science, Science for Life LaboratoryKTH Royal Institute of Technology 171 21 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sindre Sopstad
- Department of MicrosystemsFaculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and MaritimeUniversity of South-Eastern Norway 3184 Borre Norway
| | | | - Ahmad S Akhtar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ines Pinto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ruben R G Soares
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology 114 28 Stockholm Sweden
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32
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Shirasu T, Yodsanit N, Xie X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xie R, Huang Y, Wang B, Urabe G, Gong S, Guo LW, Kent KC. An adventitial painting modality of local drug delivery to abate intimal hyperplasia. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120968. [PMID: 34153787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A major medical problem is the persistent lack of approved therapeutic methods to prevent postoperative intimal hyperplasia (IH) which leads to high-rate failure of open vascular reconstructions such as bypass grafting. Hydrogel has been widely used in preclinical trials for perivascular drug administration to mitigate postoperative IH. However, bulky hydrogel is potentially pro-inflammatory, posing a significant hurdle to clinical translation. Here we developed a new modality of directly "painting" drug-loaded unimolecular micelles (UM) to the adventitia thus obviating the need for a hydrogel. To render tissue adhesion, we generated amine-reactive unimolecular micelles with N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (UM-NHS) terminal groups to form stable amide bonds with the adventitia. To test periadventitial application, we either soaked balloon-injured rat carotid arteries in crosslinked UM-NHS (Mode-1) or non-crosslinked UM-NHS (Mode-2), or painted the vessel surface with non-crosslinked UM-NHS (Mode-3). The UM-NHS were loaded with or without a model drug (rapamycin) known to be IH inhibitory. We found that Mode-1 produced a marked IH-mitigating drug effect but also caused severe tissue damage. Mode-2 resulted in lower tissue toxicity yet less drug effect on IH. However, the painting method, Mode-3, demonstrated a pronounced therapeutic effect (75% inhibition of IH) without obvious toxicity. In summary, we present a simple painting modality of periadventitial local drug delivery using tissue-adhesive UM. Given the robust IH-abating efficacy and low tissue toxicity, this prototype merits further development towards an effective anti-stenosis therapy suitable for open vascular reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Shirasu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Nisakorn Yodsanit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Xiujie Xie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Ruosen Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Yitao Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Go Urabe
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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33
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Chiodi E, Marn AM, Geib MT, Ünlü MS. The Role of Surface Chemistry in the Efficacy of Protein and DNA Microarrays for Label-Free Detection: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1026. [PMID: 33810267 PMCID: PMC8036480 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of microarrays in diagnostics and medicine has drastically increased in the last few years. Nevertheless, the efficiency of a microarray-based assay intrinsically depends on the density and functionality of the biorecognition elements immobilized onto each sensor spot. Recently, researchers have put effort into developing new functionalization strategies and technologies which provide efficient immobilization and stability of any sort of molecule. Here, we present an overview of the most widely used methods of surface functionalization of microarray substrates, as well as the most recent advances in the field, and compare their performance in terms of optimal immobilization of the bioreceptor molecules. We focus on label-free microarrays and, in particular, we aim to describe the impact of surface chemistry on two types of microarray-based sensors: microarrays for single particle imaging and for label-free measurements of binding kinetics. Both protein and DNA microarrays are taken into consideration, and the effect of different polymeric coatings on the molecules' functionalities is critically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chiodi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - Allison M. Marn
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - Matthew T. Geib
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.T.G.); (M.S.Ü.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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34
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Paul T, Ha T, Myong S. Regeneration of PEG slide for multiple rounds of single-molecule measurements. Biophys J 2021; 120:1788-1799. [PMID: 33675764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence detection of protein and other biomolecules requires a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-passivated surface. Individual channels on a PEG-passivated slide are typically used only a few times, limiting the number of experiments per slide. Here, we report several strategies for regenerating PEG surfaces for multiple rounds of experiments. First, we show regeneration of DNA- or RNA-tethered surfaces by washing out the bound protein by 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, which is significantly more effective than 6 M urea, 6 M GdmCl, or 100 μM proteinase K. Strikingly, 10 consecutive experiments in five different systems produced indistinguishable results both in molecule count and protein activity. Second, duplexed DNA unwound by helicase or denatured by 50 mM NaOH was reannealed with a complementary strand to regenerate the duplexed substrate with an exceptionally high recovery rate. Third, the biotin-PEG layer was regenerated by using 7 M NaOH to strip off NeutrAvidin, which can be reapplied for additional experiments. We demonstrate five cycles of regenerating antibody immobilized surface by which three different protein activity was measured. Altogether, our methods represent reliable and reproducible yet simple and rapid strategies that will enhance the efficiency of single-molecule experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Paul
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Physics Frontier Center (Center for Physics of Living Cells), University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sua Myong
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Physics Frontier Center (Center for Physics of Living Cells), University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
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35
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Singh B, Arora S, D'Souza A, Kale N, Aland G, Bharde A, Quadir M, Calderón M, Chaturvedi P, Khandare J. Chemo-specific designs for the enumeration of circulating tumor cells: advances in liquid biopsy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2946-2978. [PMID: 33480960 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced materials and chemo-specific designs at the nano/micrometer-scale have ensured revolutionary progress in next-generation clinically relevant technologies. For example, isolating a rare population of cells, like circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood amongst billions of other blood cells, is one of the most complex scientific challenges in cancer diagnostics. The chemical tunability for achieving this degree of exceptional specificity for extra-cellular biomarker interactions demands the utility of advanced entities and multistep reactions both in solution and in the insoluble state. Thus, this review delineates the chemo-specific substrates, chemical methods, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemical platforms used for isolation and enumeration of CTCs in advancing the relevance of liquid biopsy in cancer diagnostics and disease management. We highlight the synthesis of cell-specific, tumor biomarker-based, chemo-specific substrates utilizing functionalized linkers through chemistry-based conjugation strategies. The capacity of these nano/micro substrates to enhance the cell interaction specificity and efficiency with the targeted tumor cells is detailed. Furthermore, this review accounts for the importance of CTC capture and other downstream processes involving genotypic and phenotypic CTC analysis in real-time for the detection of the early onset of metastases progression and chemotherapy treatment response, and for monitoring progression free-survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and eventually overall survival (OS) in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram Singh
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd, Pune, 411057, India.
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36
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Haleyur Giri Setty MK, Lee S, Lathrop J, Hewlett IK. Biotin Interference in Point of Care HIV Immunoassay. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:243-246. [PMID: 33269113 PMCID: PMC7703309 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of high concentrations of biotin as a dietary supplement to improve hair, skin, and nail quality has increased in the United States over the past few years. High concentrations of biotin have been shown to interfere with some diagnostic assays that use streptavidin–biotin interactions as one of the steps in the assay. The objective of this report is to evaluate potential biotin interference on the analytical and clinical sensitivity of a point of care (POC) antigen–antibody combo HIV-1 assay. We spiked biotin at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 400 ng/mL into serum and plasma containing HIV-1 subtype B p24 antigen derived from culture supernatant. The p24 antigen was present in the matrices at 30 pg/mL. Fifty microliters of each sample was applied to Alere Determine HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combo assay strips in duplicate and results were read by eye after 20 to 30 min. Biotin interfered with detection of HIV-1 p24 in serum and plasma. HIV-1 p24 was not detected at 30 pg/mL p24 when biotin was present at 200 ng/mL concentration. Our study demonstrated that elevated levels of biotin in samples may interfere with POC assays. It is important to consider biotin supplements as potential sources of falsely increased or decreased test results, especially in cases wherein supplementation cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherwin Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Lathrop
- Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Indira K Hewlett
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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37
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3D active stabilization for single-molecule imaging. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:497-515. [PMID: 33268882 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A key part of any super-resolution technique involves accurately correcting for mechanical motion of the sample and setup during acquisition. If left uncorrected, drift degrades the resolution of the final reconstructed image and can introduce unwanted artifacts. Here, we describe how to implement active stabilization, thereby reducing drift to ~1 nm across all three dimensions. In this protocol, we show how to implement our method on custom and standard microscopy hardware. We detail the construction of a separate illumination and detection path, dedicated exclusively to acquiring the diffraction pattern of fiducials deposited on the imaging slide. We also show how to focus lock and adjust the focus in arbitrary nanometer step size increments. Our real-time focus locking is based on kHz calculations performed using the graphics processing unit. The fast calculations allow for rapid repositioning of the sample, which reduces drift below the photon-limited localization precision. Our approach allows for a single-molecule and/or super-resolution image acquisition free from movement artifacts and eliminates the need for complex algorithms or hardware installations. The method is also useful for long acquisitions which span over hours or days, such as multicolor super resolution. Installation does not require specialist knowledge and can be implemented in standard biological laboratories. The full protocol can be implemented within ~2 weeks.
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Wang S, Hossain MZ, Han T, Shinozuka K, Suzuki T, Kuwana A, Kobayashi H. Avidin-Biotin Technology in Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Graphene Field Effect Transistors for Detection of Biotinylated Macromolecules with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Specificity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30037-30046. [PMID: 33251439 PMCID: PMC7689884 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The strong and specific noncovalent interaction between avidin and biotin is widely exploited in different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, labeled immunosensors, and polymer-based sensing devices for the detection of different biomarkers specific to different diseases such as cancer and influenza. Here, we employed the avidin-biotin technology in a novel gold nanoparticle-decorated graphene field-effect transistor (AuNP-GFET) and demonstrated the specific detection of the biotinylated macromolecules such as biotinylated proteins and nucleotides in the sub-picomolar (pM) range. The AuNP-GFET was constructed by fabricating six pairs of interdigital electrodes on graphene transferred on a SiO2/Si substrate. The sensing performance of AuNP-GFET was characterized by the real-time two-terminal electrical current measurement upon injection of the analyte solution into a silicone pool preattached onto the electrodes. Avidin, a tetrameric biotin-binding protein with strong affinity and specificity, immobilized on AuNP-decorated single-layer graphene, was used as the sensing platform and transduced the electrical signal upon binding to the analyte macromolecules. The sensing capability of the AuNP-GFET was tested with the biotinylated protein A. Sensitivity of the present biosensor was estimated to be ∼0.4 pM. The specificity and applicability of the biosensor were confirmed using both synthetic and real samples. Because the biotin label can retain its binding capability to avidin with strong affinity and specificity even after conjugating with varieties of proteins and nucleotides, the present AuNP-GFET biosensor is expected to promote the research in developing different biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Division
of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Md. Zakir Hossain
- Gunma
University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Tao Han
- Department
of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital
of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Kazuo Shinozuka
- Division
of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Division
of Mechanical Science and Technology, Gunma
University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Anna Kuwana
- Division
of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Haruo Kobayashi
- Division
of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
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von Meyer A, Albert G, Kunzelmann S, Rank C, Zerback R, Imdahl R. Evaluating the performance of an updated high-sensitivity troponin T assay with increased tolerance to biotin. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:591-597. [PMID: 33112775 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biotin >20 ng/mL may interfere with the Elecsys® Troponin T-high sensitive assay (cTnT-hs; Roche Diagnostics International Ltd). We evaluated the performance of an updated assay, cTnT-hs*, which was designed to reduce biotin interference. METHODS cTnT-hs* assay performance was assessed using up to two applications (18 min/9 min) on three analyzers (cobas e 411/cobas e 601/cobas e 801). Biotin interference was determined by measuring recovery in an 11-sample series dilution with biotin ranging from 0-3600 ng/mL. Repeatability/reproducibility were evaluated in five serum sample pools (n=75 each). Method comparisons tested: cTnT-hs* vs. cTnT-hs (18 min/cobas e 601); cTnT-hs* assay 18 vs. 9 min (cobas e 601); cTnT-hs* (18 min) on cobas e 601 vs. cobas e 411 and cobas e 601 vs. cobas e 801. Concordance at the 99th percentile decision limit between cTnT-hs* and cTnT-hs (9 min/cobas e 601) was calculated using 300 lithium-heparin plasma samples and a 14 ng/L assay cutoff. RESULTS cTnT-hs* assay (18 min/cobas e 601) recovery was ≥96% for biotin ≤1250 ng/mL. Across all applications/analyzers, coefficients of variation for repeatability/reproducibility with the cTnT-hs* assay were <5% in most serum sample pools (mean cardiac troponin T: 8.528-9484 ng/L). High correlation (Pearson's r=1.000) was demonstrated for all method comparisons. Concordance at the 99th percentile decision limit was high between the cTnT-hs* and cTnT-hs assays. CONCLUSIONS The updated cTnT-hs* assay may provide greater tolerance to biotin interference, and shows good analytical and clinical agreement/concordance with the previous cTnT-hs assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander von Meyer
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Technical Hygiene, München Klinik, Munich, Germany
| | - Gesa Albert
- Roche Diagnostics International Ltd., Rotkreuz, Switzerland
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40
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Chemoresponsive polymer systems for selective molecular recognition of organic molecules in biological systems. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:32-66. [PMID: 32877717 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Smart polymer materials that respond to a chemical stimulus are applied for the construction of biomedical devices and purification/separation systems. Small organic molecules are a particular type of stimulus. Their abnormal concentration indisputably indicates certain diseases. They are also hazardous environment contaminants. Polymer materials, which structure is selectively changed in the presence of a defined organic compound are promising in view of regulation of certain biomedical functions, as well as in view of chemical detectors construction. This review summarizes the state of the art in the self-assemblies of amphiphilic copolymers and polymer networks sensitive toward organic species, with an emphasis on the reports from the last decade. We focus on the relationship between the selectivity of introduced receptor moieties responsible for the change of material structure, the overall structure of material and its functionality.
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41
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Chiodi E, Marn AM, Geib MT, Ekiz Kanik F, Rejman J, AnKrapp D, Ünlü MS. Highly Multiplexed Label-Free Imaging Sensor for Accurate Quantification of Small-Molecule Binding Kinetics. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25358-25364. [PMID: 33043215 PMCID: PMC7542848 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the binding interaction of small molecules to large ligands is a compelling task for the field of drug development, as well as agro-biotechnology, since a common trait of drugs and toxins is often a low molecular weight (MW). Here, we improve the limit of detection of the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS), a label-free, highly multiplexed biosensor, to perform small-molecule screening. In this work, characterization of small molecules binding to immobilized probes in a microarray format is demonstrated, with a limit of detection of 1 pg/mm2 in mass density. First, as a proof of concept to show the impact of spatial and temporal averaging on the system noise, detection of biotin (MW = 244.3 Da) binding to a streptavidin-functionalized chip is performed and the parameters are tuned to achieve maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR ≈ 34). The optimized system is then applied to the screening of a 20-multiplexed antibody chip against fumonisin B1 (MW = 721.8 Da), a mycotoxin found in cereal grains. The simultaneously recorded binding curves yield an SNR ≈ 8. Five out of twenty antibodies are also screened against the toxin in a lateral flow assay, obtaining consistent results. With the demonstrated noise characteristics, further sensitivity improvements are expected with the advancement of camera sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chiodi
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Allison M. Marn
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Matthew T. Geib
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Fulya Ekiz Kanik
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John Rejman
- Neogen
Corp., Lansing, Michigan 48912, United States
| | - David AnKrapp
- Neogen
Corp., Lansing, Michigan 48912, United States
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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42
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Tran-Nguyen TS, Ngo-Luong DT, Nguyen-Phuoc KH, Tran TL, Tran-Van H. Simultaneously targeting nitrocellulose and antibody by a dual-headed protein. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 177:105764. [PMID: 32971296 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immobilizing antibodies on the nitrocellulose membrane is an important step to increase the sensitivity of the Lateral Flow Test strip for detecting pathogenic antigen. In our research, the fusion protein between nitrocellulose-binding anchor protein 3-Helix - a protein that has a strong affinity to nitrocellulose membrane and protein A - a protein that can bind to the Fc tail of IgG antibody was generated. This fusion protein was expected to help IgG antibodies to be more strongly binding and oriented immobilized onto the nitrocellulose membrane. The recombinant vector pET22b-proA and pET22b-proA-3-Helix coded for protein A and protein A-3-Helix were cloned. These proteins were overexpressed in BL21 and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography with purity above 90%. The purified protein was used to evaluate the orientation binding on nitrocellulose membranes by lateral flow challenge. Results showed that protein A-3-Helix binding to nitrocellulose membrane was better than that of protein A. The former protein increased antibody binding and stereochemical immobilizing onto nitrocellulose membrane compared to its protein A counterpart. In summary, we have succeeded in cloning, purifying, and characterizing a dual-head recombinant protein A and protein A-3-Helix. The results show the potential application of protein A-3-Helix in the immobilizing antibody on the test strip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao-Suong Tran-Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Dang-Thuc Ngo-Luong
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Khai-Hoan Nguyen-Phuoc
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Thuoc Linh Tran
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Hieu Tran-Van
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam.
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Yu M, Zhao Z, Chen Z, Le S, Yan J. Modulating mechanical stability of heterodimerization between engineered orthogonal helical domains. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4476. [PMID: 32900995 PMCID: PMC7479118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically stable specific heterodimerization between small protein domains have a wide scope of applications, from using as a molecular anchorage in single-molecule force spectroscopy studies of protein mechanics, to serving as force-bearing protein linker for modulation of mechanotransduction of cells, and potentially acting as a molecular crosslinker for functional materials. Here, we explore the possibility to develop heterodimerization system with a range of mechanical stability from a set of recently engineered helix-heterotetramers whose mechanical properties have yet to be characterized. We demonstrate this possibility using two randomly chosen helix-heterotetramers, showing that their mechanical properties can be modulated by changing the stretching geometry and the number of interacting helices. These helix-heterotetramers and their derivatives are sufficiently stable over physiological temperature range. Using it as mechanically stable anchorage, we demonstrate the applications in single-molecule manipulation studies of the temperature dependent unfolding and refolding of a titin immunoglobulin domain and α-actinin spectrin repeats. Mechanically stable specific heterodimerization formed with reversible bonds are used as a molecular anchorage in single-molecule force spectroscopy studies with unique mechanical properties. Here authors develop a variety of heterodimerization molecular systems with a range of mechanical stability from a set of recently engineered helix-heterotetramers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Zhihai Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Zibo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore. .,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
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Arno MC. Engineering the Mammalian Cell Surface with Synthetic Polymers: Strategies and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000302. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Arno
- School of Chemistry University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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45
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Keeble AH, Howarth M. Power to the protein: enhancing and combining activities using the Spy toolbox. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7281-7291. [PMID: 33552459 PMCID: PMC7844731 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01878c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins span an extraordinary range of shapes, sizes and functionalities. Therefore generic approaches are needed to overcome this diversity and stream-line protein analysis or application. Here we review SpyTag technology, now used in hundreds of publications or patents, and its potential for detecting and controlling protein behaviour. SpyTag forms a spontaneous and irreversible isopeptide bond upon binding its protein partner SpyCatcher, where both parts are genetically-encoded. New variants of this pair allow reaction at a rate approaching the diffusion limit, while reversible versions allow purification of SpyTagged proteins or tuned dynamic interaction inside cells. Anchoring of SpyTag-linked proteins has been established to diverse nanoparticles or surfaces, including gold, graphene and the air/water interface. SpyTag/SpyCatcher is mechanically stable, so is widely used for investigating protein folding and force sensitivity. A toolbox of scaffolds allows SpyTag-fusions to be assembled into defined multimers, from dimers to 180-mers, or unlimited 1D, 2D or 3D networks. Icosahedral multimers are being evaluated for vaccination against malaria, HIV and cancer. For enzymes, Spy technology has increased resilience, promoted substrate channelling, and assembled hydrogels for continuous flow biocatalysis. Combinatorial increase in functionality has been achieved through modular derivatisation of antibodies, light-emitting diodes or viral vectors. In living cells, SpyTag allowed imaging of protein trafficking, retargeting of CAR-T cell killing, investigation of heart contraction, and control of nucleosome position. The simple genetic encoding and rapid irreversible reaction provide diverse opportunities to enhance protein function. We describe limitations as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Keeble
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QU , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 613200
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QU , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 613200
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46
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Engineering a disulfide-gated switch in streptavidin enables reversible binding without sacrificing binding affinity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12483. [PMID: 32719366 PMCID: PMC7385176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high affinity binding between streptavidin and biotin is widely exploited, the accompanying low rate of dissociation prevents its use in many applications where rapid ligand release is also required. To combine extremely tight and reversible binding, we have introduced disulfide bonds into opposite sides of a flexible loop critical for biotin binding, creating streptavidin muteins (M88 and M112) with novel disulfide-switchable binding properties. Crystal structures reveal how each disulfide exerts opposing effects on structure and function. Whereas the disulfide in M112 disrupts the closed conformation to increase koff, the disulfide in M88 stabilizes the closed conformation, decreasing koff 260-fold relative to streptavidin. The simple and efficient reduction of this disulfide increases koff 19,000-fold, thus creating a reversible redox-dependent switch with 70-fold faster dissociation kinetics than streptavidin. The facile control of disulfide formation in M88 will enable the development of many new applications requiring high affinity and reversible binding.
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47
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Biotin Functionalized Self‐Assembled Peptide Nanofiber as an Adjuvant for Immunomodulatory Response. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000100. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cowell TW, Valera E, Jankelow A, Park J, Schrader AW, Ding R, Berger J, Bashir R, Han HS. Rapid, multiplexed detection of biomolecules using electrically distinct hydrogel beads. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2274-2283. [PMID: 32490455 PMCID: PMC10409638 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, low-cost, and multiplexed biomolecule detection is an important goal in the development of effective molecular diagnostics. Our recent work has demonstrated a microfluidic biochip device that can electrically quantitate a protein target with high sensitivity. This platform detects and quantifies a target analyte by counting and capturing micron-sized beads in response to an immunoassay on the bead surface. Existing microparticles limit the technique to the detection of a single protein target and lack the magnetic properties required for separation of the microparticles for direct measurements from whole blood. Here, we report new precisely engineered microparticles that achieve electrical multiplexing and adapt this platform for low-cost and label-free multiplexed electrical detection of biomolecules. Droplet microfluidic synthesis yielded highly-monodisperse populations of magnetic hydrogel beads (MHBs) with the necessary properties for multiplexing the electrical Coulter counting on chip. Each bead population was designed to contain a different amount of the hydrogel material, resulting in a unique electrical impedance signature during Coulter counting, thereby enabling unique identification of each bead. These monodisperse bead populations span a narrow range of sizes ensuring that all can be captured sensitively and selectively under simultaneously flow. Incorporating these newly synthesized beads, we demonstrate versatile and multiplexed biomolecule detection of proteins or DNA targets. This development of multiplexed beads for the electrical detection of biomolecules, provides a critical advancement towards multiplexing the Coulter counting approach and the development of a low cost point-of-care diagnostic sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Cowell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Wang S, Hossain MZ, Shinozuka K, Shimizu N, Kitada S, Suzuki T, Ichige R, Kuwana A, Kobayashi H. Graphene field-effect transistor biosensor for detection of biotin with ultrahigh sensitivity and specificity. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112363. [PMID: 32729495 PMCID: PMC7272179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because avidin and biotin molecules exhibit the most specific and strongest non-covalent interaction, avidin-biotin technology is widely used in ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits for the detection of different bio-macromolecules linked to different diseases including cancer and influenza. Combining the outstanding electrical conductivity (200,000 cm2V-1s-1) of graphene with the unique avidin and biotin interaction, we demonstrate a novel graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor for the quantitative detection of bio-macromolecules. The GFET consists of six pairs of interdigital Cr/Au electrodes supported on Si/SiO2 substrate with an avidin immobilized single layer graphene channel as the sensing platform. By monitoring the real time current change upon the addition of biotin solution in bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the silicone pool preformed onto the GFET, the lowest detectable biotin concentration is estimated to be 90 fg/ml (0.37 pM). The specificity of the GFET is confirmed both by controlled and real sample measurements. From the magnitude of current change upon the addition of different concentrations of biotin solutions, the dissociation constant Kd is estimated to be 1.6 × 10-11 M. Since biotin is capable of conjugating with proteins, nucleotides and other bio-macromolecules without altering their properties, the present GFET sensor with its ultra-high sensitivity (0.37 pM) and specificity can be tailored to the rapid point-of-care detection of different types of desired biomolecules at very low concentration level through biotinylation as well as the exogenous biotin in blood serum. Combining the outstanding electrical conductivity of graphene with the unique interaction between avidin and biotin, a novel graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor for quantitative detection of bio-macromolecules is demonstrated. The present biosensor is capable of detecting the biotin with the sensitivity of 90 fg/ml (~0.37 pM) and high specificity. Since the biotin is capable of conjugating with protein, nucleotide and other bio-macromolecules without affecting their properties, the present GFET sensor can be tailored to various medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Md Zakir Hossain
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Shinozuka
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Japan
| | - Natsuhiko Shimizu
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Japan
| | - Shunya Kitada
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Division of Mechanical Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ryo Ichige
- Division of Mechanical Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Anna Kuwana
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Haruo Kobayashi
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan.
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50
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Hoffmann RM, Mele S, Cheung A, Larcombe-Young D, Bucaite G, Sachouli E, Zlatareva I, Morad HOJ, Marlow R, McDonnell JM, Figini M, Lacy KE, Tutt AJN, Spicer JF, Thurston DE, Karagiannis SN, Crescioli S. Rapid conjugation of antibodies to toxins to select candidates for the development of anticancer Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). Sci Rep 2020; 10:8869. [PMID: 32483228 PMCID: PMC7264231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) developed as a targeted treatment approach to deliver toxins directly to cancer cells are one of the fastest growing classes of oncology therapeutics, with eight ADCs and two immunotoxins approved for clinical use. However, selection of an optimum target and payload combination, to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy without excessive toxicity, presents a significant challenge. We have developed a platform to facilitate rapid and cost-effective screening of antibody and toxin combinations for activity and safety, based on streptavidin-biotin conjugation. For antibody selection, we evaluated internalization by target cells using streptavidin-linked antibodies conjugated to biotinylated saporin, a toxin unable to cross cell membranes. For payload selection, we biotinylated toxins and conjugated them to antibodies linked to streptavidin to evaluate antitumour activity and pre-clinical safety. As proof of principle, we compared trastuzumab conjugated to emtansine via streptavidin-biotin (Trastuzumab-SB-DM1) to the clinically approved trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). We showed comparable potency in reduction of breast cancer cell survival in vitro and in growth restriction of orthotopic breast cancer xenografts in vivo. Our findings indicate efficient generation of functionally active ADCs. This approach can facilitate the study of antibody and payload combinations for selection of promising candidates for future ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda M Hoffmann
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Larcombe-Young
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gintare Bucaite
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Sachouli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Zlatareva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan O J Morad
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Marlow
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Biomarker Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumouri Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David E Thurston
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- Femtogenix Ltd, Lawes Open Innovation Hub, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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