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Chen M, Guo Z, Sun J, Tang W, Wang M, Tang Y, Li P, Wu B, Chen Y. Insights into the biosynthesis of septacidin l-heptosamine moiety unveils a VOC family sugar epimerase. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:765-774. [PMID: 36873169 PMCID: PMC9978623 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Heptopyranoses are important components of bacterial polysaccharides and biological active secondary metabolites like septacidin (SEP), which represents a group of nucleoside antibiotics with antitumor, antifungal, and pain-relief activities. However, little is known about the formation mechanisms of those l-heptose moieties. In this study, we deciphered the biosynthetic pathway of the l,l-gluco-heptosamine moiety in SEPs by functional characterizing four genes and proposed that SepI initiates the process by oxidizing the 4'-hydroxyl of l-glycero-α-d-manno-heptose moiety of SEP-328 (2) to a keto group. Subsequently, SepJ (C5 epimerase) and SepA (C3 epimerase) shape the 4'-keto-l-heptopyranose moiety by sequential epimerization reactions. At the last step, an aminotransferase SepG installs the 4'-amino group of the l,l-gluco-heptosamine moiety to generate SEP-327 (3). An interesting phenomenon is that the SEP intermediates with 4'-keto-l-heptopyranose moieties exist as special bicyclic sugars with hemiacetal-hemiketal structures. Notably, l-pyranose is usually converted from d-pyranose by bifunctional C3/C5 epimerase. SepA is an unprecedented monofunctional l-pyranose C3 epimerase. Further in silico and experimental studies revealed that it represents an overlooked metal dependent-sugar epimerase family bearing vicinal oxygen chelate (VOC) architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources & CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources & CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Laboratory of Microbial Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources & CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources & CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources & CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources & CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources & CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources & CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources & CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Chakraborty T, Polley S, Sinha D, Seal S, Sinha D, Mitra SK, Hazra J, Sau K, Pal M, Sau S. Structurally distinct unfolding intermediates formed from a staphylococcal capsule-producing enzyme retained NADPH binding activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9126-9143. [PMID: 33977860 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1924269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CapF, a capsule-producing enzyme expressed by Staphylococcus aureus, binds NADPH and exists as a dimer in the aqueous solution. Many other capsule-producing virulent bacteria also express CapF orthologs. To understand the folding-unfolding mechanism of S. aureus CapF, herein a recombinant CapF (rCapF) was individually investigated using urea and guanidine hydrochloride (GdnCl). Unfolding of rCapF by both the denaturants was reversible but proceeded via the synthesis of a different number of intermediates. While two dimeric intermediates (rCapF4 and rCapF5) were formed at 0.5 M and 1.5 M GdnCl, three dimeric intermediates (rCapF1, rCapF2, and rCapF3) were produced at 1 M, 2 M, and 3 M urea, respectively. rCapF5 showed 3.6 fold less NADPH binding activity, whereas other intermediates retained full NADPH binding activity. Compared to rCapF, all of the intermediates (except rCapF3) had a compressed shape. Conversely, rCapF3 possessed a native protein-like shape. The maximum shape loss was in rCapF4 though its secondary structure remained unperturbed. Additionally, the tertiary structure and hydrophobic surface area of the intermediates neither matched with each other nor with those of the native rCapF. Of the four Trp residues in rCapF, one or more Trp residues in the intermediates may have higher solvent accessibility. Using sequence alignment and a tertiary structural model of CapF, we have demonstrated that the region around Trp 137 of CapF may be most sensitive to unfolding, whereas the NADPH binding motif carrying region at the N-terminal end of this protein may be resistant to unfolding, particularly at the low denaturant concentrations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumitra Polley
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soham Seal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasmita Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudip K Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | - Joyita Hazra
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Keya Sau
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Sau
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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3
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Shornikov A, Tran H, Macias J, Halavaty AS, Minasov G, Anderson WF, Kuhn ML. Structure of the Bacillus anthracis dTDP-L-rhamnose-biosynthetic enzyme dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase (RfbC). Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:664-671. [PMID: 29199987 PMCID: PMC5713671 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17015849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The exosporium layer of Bacillus anthracis spores is rich in L-rhamnose, a common bacterial cell-wall component, which often contributes to the virulence of pathogens by increasing their adherence and immune evasion. The biosynthetic pathway used to form the activated L-rhamnose donor dTDP-L-rhamnose consists of four enzymes (RfbA, RfbB, RfbC and RfbD) and is an attractive drug target because there are no homologs in mammals. It was found that co-purifying and screening RfbC (dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xylo-4-hexulose 3,5-epimerase) from B. anthracis in the presence of the other three B. anthracis enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway yielded crystals that were suitable for data collection. RfbC crystallized as a dimer and its structure was determined at 1.63 Å resolution. Two different ligands were bound in the protein structure: pyrophosphate in the active site of one monomer and dTDP in the other monomer. A structural comparison with RfbC homologs showed that the key active-site residues are conserved across kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, USA
| | - Jennifer Macias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, USA
| | - Andrei S. Halavaty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), USA
| | - George Minasov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), USA
| | - Wayne F. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID), USA
| | - Misty L. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, USA
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4
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Jiang N, Wiemels RE, Soya A, Whitley R, Held M, Faik A. Composition, Assembly, and Trafficking of a Wheat Xylan Synthase Complex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1999-2023. [PMID: 26917684 PMCID: PMC4825154 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Xylans play an important role in plant cell wall integrity and have many industrial applications. Characterization of xylan synthase (XS) complexes responsible for the synthesis of these polymers is currently lacking. We recently purified XS activity from etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. To further characterize this purified activity, we analyzed its protein composition and assembly. Proteomic analysis identified six main proteins: two glycosyltransferases (GTs) TaGT43-4 and TaGT47-13; two putative mutases (TaGT75-3 and TaGT75-4) and two non-GTs; a germin-like protein (TaGLP); and a vernalization related protein (TaVER2). Coexpression of TaGT43-4, TaGT47-13, TaGT75-3, and TaGT75-4 in Pichia pastoris confirmed that these proteins form a complex. Confocal microscopy showed that all these proteins interact in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but the complexes accumulate in Golgi, and TaGT43-4 acts as a scaffold protein that holds the other proteins. Furthermore, ER export of the complexes is dependent of the interaction between TaGT43-4 and TaGT47-13. Immunogold electron microscopy data support the conclusion that complex assembly occurs at specific areas of the ER before export to the Golgi. A di-Arg motif and a long sequence motif within the transmembrane domains were found conserved at the NH2-terminal ends of TaGT43-4 and homologous proteins from diverse taxa. These conserved motifs may control the forward trafficking of the complexes and their accumulation in the Golgi. Our findings indicate that xylan synthesis in grasses may involve a new regulatory mechanism linking complex assembly with forward trafficking and provide new insights that advance our understanding of xylan biosynthesis and regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology (N.J., R.E.W., A.S., R.W., A.F.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.H.), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Richard E Wiemels
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology (N.J., R.E.W., A.S., R.W., A.F.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.H.), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Aaron Soya
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology (N.J., R.E.W., A.S., R.W., A.F.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.H.), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Rebekah Whitley
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology (N.J., R.E.W., A.S., R.W., A.F.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.H.), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Michael Held
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology (N.J., R.E.W., A.S., R.W., A.F.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.H.), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology (N.J., R.E.W., A.S., R.W., A.F.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (M.H.), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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5
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Nakano K, Chigira T, Miyafusa T, Nagatoishi S, Caaveiro JMM, Tsumoto K. Discovery and characterization of natural tropolones as inhibitors of the antibacterial target CapF from Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15337. [PMID: 26471247 PMCID: PMC5393024 DOI: 10.1038/srep15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of antibiotic-resistance among pathogenic bacteria poses a serious risk for public health. The search for novel therapeutic strategies and antimicrobial compounds is needed to ameliorate this menace. The bifunctional metalloenzyme CapF is an antibacterial target produced by certain pathogenic bacteria essential in the biosynthetic route of capsular polysaccharide, a mucous layer on the surface of bacterium that facilitates immune evasion and infection. We report the first inhibitor of CapF from Staphylococcus aureus, which was identified by employing fragment-based methodologies. The hit compound 3-isopropenyl-tropolone inhibits the first reaction catalyzed by CapF, disrupting the synthesis of a key precursor of capsular polysaccharide. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrates that 3-isopropenyl-tropolone binds tightly (KD = 27 ± 7 μM) to the cupin domain of CapF. In addition, the crystal structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex shows that the compound engages the essential Zn2+ ion necessary for the first reaction catalyzed by the enzyme, explaining its inhibitory effect. Moreover, the tropolone compound alters the coordination sphere of the metal, leading to the overall destabilization of the enzyme. We propose 3-isopropenyl-tropolone as a precursor to develop stronger inhibitors for this family of enzymes to impair the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide in Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Nakano
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeru Chigira
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Miyafusa
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jose M M Caaveiro
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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6
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Hattangady DS, Singh AK, Muthaiyan A, Jayaswal RK, Gustafson JE, Ulanov AV, Li Z, Wilkinson BJ, Pfeltz RF. Genomic, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Studies of Two Well-Characterized, Laboratory-Derived Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Strains Derived from the Same Parent Strain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:76-112. [PMID: 27025616 PMCID: PMC4790321 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete genome comparisons, transcriptomic and metabolomic studies were performed on two laboratory-selected, well-characterized vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) derived from the same parent MRSA that have changes in cell wall composition and decreased autolysis. A variety of mutations were found in the VISA, with more in strain 13136p(-)m⁺V20 (vancomycin MIC = 16 µg/mL) than strain 13136p(-)m⁺V5 (MIC = 8 µg/mL). Most of the mutations have not previously been associated with the VISA phenotype; some were associated with cell wall metabolism and many with stress responses, notably relating to DNA damage. The genomes and transcriptomes of the two VISA support the importance of gene expression regulation to the VISA phenotype. Similarities in overall transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that the VISA physiologic state includes elements of the stringent response, such as downregulation of protein and nucleotide synthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway and nutrient transport systems. Gene expression for secreted virulence determinants was generally downregulated, but was more variable for surface-associated virulence determinants, although capsule formation was clearly inhibited. The importance of activated stress response elements could be seen across all three analyses, as in the accumulation of osmoprotectant metabolites such as proline and glutamate. Concentrations of potential cell wall precursor amino acids and glucosamine were increased in the VISA strains. Polyamines were decreased in the VISA, which may facilitate the accrual of mutations. Overall, the studies confirm the wide variability in mutations and gene expression patterns that can lead to the VISA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti S Hattangady
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Atul K Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Arun Muthaiyan
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | | | - John E Gustafson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Alexander V Ulanov
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61807, USA.
| | - Zhong Li
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61807, USA.
| | - Brian J Wilkinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Richard F Pfeltz
- BD Diagnostic Systems, Microbiology Research and Development, Sparks, MD 21152, USA.
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7
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Piacente F, De Castro C, Jeudy S, Molinaro A, Salis A, Damonte G, Bernardi C, Abergel C, Tonetti MG. Giant virus Megavirus chilensis encodes the biosynthetic pathway for uncommon acetamido sugars. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24428-39. [PMID: 25035429 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.588947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant viruses mimicking microbes, by the sizes of their particles and the heavily glycosylated fibrils surrounding their capsids, infect Acanthamoeba sp., which are ubiquitous unicellular eukaryotes. The glycans on fibrils are produced by virally encoded enzymes, organized in gene clusters. Like Mimivirus, Megavirus glycans are mainly composed of virally synthesized N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). They also contain N-acetylrhamnosamine (RhaNAc), a rare sugar; the enzymes involved in its synthesis are encoded by a gene cluster specific to Megavirus close relatives. We combined activity assays on two enzymes of the pathway with mass spectrometry and NMR studies to characterize their specificities. Mg534 is a 4,6-dehydratase 5-epimerase; its three-dimensional structure suggests that it belongs to a third subfamily of inverting dehydratases. Mg535, next in the pathway, is a bifunctional 3-epimerase 4-reductase. The sequential activity of the two enzymes leads to the formation of UDP-l-RhaNAc. This study is another example of giant viruses performing their glycan synthesis using enzymes different from their cellular counterparts, raising again the question of the origin of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piacente
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV,1 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- the Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, Italy
| | - Sandra Jeudy
- the Structural and Genomic Information Laboratory, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université UMR7256, IMM, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, FR-13288 Marseille, France, and
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- the Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV,1 16132 Genova, Italy, the Department of Hearth Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV,1 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bernardi
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV,1 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chantal Abergel
- the Structural and Genomic Information Laboratory, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université UMR7256, IMM, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, FR-13288 Marseille, France, and
| | - Michela G Tonetti
- From the Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV,1 16132 Genova, Italy,
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8
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Tashiro S, Caaveiro JMM, Wu CX, Hoang QQ, Tsumoto K. Thermodynamic and Structural Characterization of the Specific Binding of Zn(II) to Human Protein DJ-1. Biochemistry 2014; 53:2218-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bi500294h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tashiro
- Department
of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Jose M. M. Caaveiro
- Department
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chun-Xiang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology and Stark
Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Quyen Q. Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology and Stark
Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department
of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Medical
Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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9
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Miyafusa T, Caaveiro JM, Tanaka Y, Tsumoto K. Dynamic elements govern the catalytic activity of CapE, a capsular polysaccharide-synthesizing enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3824-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Crystal structure of the capsular polysaccharide synthesizing protein CapE of Staphylococcus aureus. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20130017. [PMID: 23611437 PMCID: PMC3699295 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes synthesizing the bacterial CP (capsular polysaccharide) are attractive antimicrobial targets. However, we lack critical information about the structure and mechanism of many of them. In an effort to reduce that gap, we have determined three different crystal structures of the enzyme CapE of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The structure reveals that CapE is a member of the SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) super-family of proteins. CapE assembles in a hexameric complex stabilized by three major contact surfaces between protein subunits. Turnover of substrate and/or coenzyme induces major conformational changes at the contact interface between protein subunits, and a displacement of the substrate-binding domain with respect to the Rossmann domain. A novel dynamic element that we called the latch is essential for remodelling of the protein–protein interface. Structural and primary sequence alignment identifies a group of SDR proteins involved in polysaccharide synthesis that share the two salient features of CapE: the mobile loop (latch) and a distinctive catalytic site (MxxxK). The relevance of these structural elements was evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis.
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