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Wu J, Yang W, Li L, Wu J, He J, Ru Y, Ren J, Wang Y, Zheng H, Shang Y, Li D. Plasminogen activator urokinase interacts with the fusion protein and antagonizes the growth of Peste des petits ruminants virus. J Virol 2024; 98:e0014624. [PMID: 38440983 PMCID: PMC11019896 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00146-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by the Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Host proteins play a crucial role in viral replication. However, the effect of fusion (F) protein-interacting partners on PPRV infection is poorly understood. In this study, we found that the expression of goat plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) gradually decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner in PPRV-infected goat alveolar macrophages (GAMs). Goat PLAU was subsequently identified using co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy as an F protein binding partner. The overexpression of goat PLAU inhibited PPRV growth and replication, whereas silencing goat PLAU promoted viral growth and replication. Additionally, we confirmed that goat PLAU interacted with a virus-induced signaling adapter (VISA) to antagonize F-mediated VISA degradation, increasing the production of type I interferon. We also found that goat PLAU reduced the inhibition of PPRV replication in VISA-knockdown GAMs. Our results show that the host protein PLAU inhibits the growth and replication of PPRV by VISA-triggering RIG-I-like receptors and provides insight into the host protein that antagonizes PPRV immunosuppression.IMPORTANCEThe role of host proteins that interact with Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) fusion (F) protein in PPRV replication is poorly understood. This study confirmed that goat plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) interacts with the PPRV F protein. We further discovered that goat PLAU inhibited PPRV replication by enhancing virus-induced signaling adapter (VISA) expression and reducing the ability of the F protein to degrade VISA. These findings offer insights into host resistance to viral invasion and suggest new strategies and directions for developing PPR vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jijun He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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Hu J, Han X, Ma X, Chen X, Zhou Z, Peng P, Yu Z, Hou Y, Han P, Pang L, Yang Y, Xu J, Wu W. Comparative proteomic analysis of vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:139-153. [PMID: 37985551 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The extensive use of vancomycin has led to the development of Staphylococcus aureus strains with varying degrees of resistance to vancomycin. The present study aimed to explore the molecular causes of vancomycin resistance by conducting a proteomics analysis of subcellular fractions isolated from vancomycin-intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus (VSSA) strains. METHODS We conducted proteomics analysis of subcellular fractions isolated from 2 isogenic S. aureus strains: strain 11 (VSSA) and strain 11Y (VISA). We used an integrated quantitative proteomics approach assisted by bioinformatics analysis, and comprehensively investigated the proteome profile. Intensive bioinformatics analysis, including protein annotation, functional classification, functional enrichment, and functional enrichment-based cluster analysis, was used to annotate quantifiable targets. RESULTS We identified 128 upregulated proteins and 21 downregulated proteins in strain 11Y as compared to strain 11. The largest group of differentially expressed proteins was composed of enzymatic proteins associated with metabolic and catalytic activity, which accounted for 32.1% and 50% of the total proteins, respectively. Some proteins were indispensable parts of the regulatory networks of S. aureus that were altered with vancomycin treatment, and these proteins were related to cell wall metabolism, cell adhesion, proteolysis, and pressure response. CONCLUSION Our proteomics study revealed regulatory proteins associated with vancomycin resistance in S. aureus. Some of these proteins were involved in the regulation of cell metabolism and function, which provides potential targets for the development of strategies to manage vancomycin resistance in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yixing, No. 128 East Yangquan Road, Yicheng Subdistrict, Yixing, 214200, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xutao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yixing, No. 128 East Yangquan Road, Yicheng Subdistrict, Yixing, 214200, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenping Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yixing, No. 128 East Yangquan Road, Yicheng Subdistrict, Yixing, 214200, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilan Peng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Hou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiru Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Pang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yixing, No. 128 East Yangquan Road, Yicheng Subdistrict, Yixing, 214200, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Trishna S, Lavon A, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Dafa-Berger A, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Overexpression of the mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein, MAVS, in cancers is associated with cell survival and inflammation. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 33:713-732. [PMID: 37662967 PMCID: PMC10468804 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein (MAVS) plays an important role in host defense against viral infection via coordinating the activation of NF-κB and interferon regulatory factors. The mitochondrial-bound form of MAVS is essential for its anti-viral innate immunity. Recently, tumor cells were proposed to mimic a viral infection by activating RNA-sensing pattern recognition receptors. Here, we demonstrate that MAVS is overexpressed in a panel of viral non-infected cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumors, including lung, liver, bladder, and cervical cancers, and we studied its role in cancer. Silencing MAVS expression reduced cell proliferation and the expression and nuclear translocation of proteins associated with transcriptional regulation, inflammation, and immunity. MAVS depletion reduced expression of the inflammasome components and inhibited its activation/assembly. Moreover, MAVS directly interacts with the mitochondrial protein VDAC1, decreasing its conductance, and we identified the VDAC1 binding site in MAVS. Our findings suggest that MAVS depletion, by reducing cancer cell proliferation and inflammation, represents a new target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Trishna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avia Lavon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avis Dafa-Berger
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Fait A, Andersson DI, Ingmer H. Evolutionary history of Staphylococcus aureus influences antibiotic resistance evolution. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3389-3397.e5. [PMID: 37494936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance often confers a fitness cost to the resistant cell and thus raises key questions of how resistance is maintained in the absence of antibiotics and, if lost, whether cells are genetically primed for re-evolving resistance. To address these questions, we have examined vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains that arise during vancomycin therapy. VISA strains harbor a broad spectrum of mutations, and they are known to be unstable both in patients and in the laboratory. Here, we show that loss of resistance in VISA strains is correlated with a fitness increase and is attributed to adaptive mutations, leaving the initial VISA-adaptive mutations intact. Importantly, upon a second exposure to vancomycin, such revertants evolve significantly faster to become VISA, and they reach higher resistance levels than vancomycin-naive cells. Further, we find that sub-lethal concentrations of vancomycin stabilize the VISA phenotype, as do the human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) and the bacteriocin nisin that both, like vancomycin, bind to the peptidoglycan building block, lipid II. Thus, factors binding lipid II may stabilize VISA both in vivo and in vitro, and in case resistance is lost, mutations remain that predispose to resistance development. These findings may explain why VISA infections often are re-occurring and suggest that previous vancomycin adaptation should be considered a risk factor when deciding on antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Fait
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dan I Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Wang H, Yi W, Qin H, Wang Q, Guo R, Pan Z. A Genetically Engineered Bivalent Vaccine Coexpressing a Molecular Adjuvant against Classical Swine Fever and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11954. [PMID: 37569329 PMCID: PMC10419043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) are highly contagious viral diseases that pose a significant threat to piglets and cause substantial economic losses in the global swine industry. Therefore, the development of a bivalent vaccine capable of targeting both CSF and PED simultaneously is crucial. In this study, we genetically engineered a recombinant classical swine fever virus (rCSFV) expressing the antigenic domains of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) based on the modified infectious cDNA clone of the vaccine strain C-strain. The S1N and COE domains of PEDV were inserted into C-strain cDNA clone harboring the mutated 136th residue of Npro and substituted 3'UTR to generate the recombinant chimeric virus vC/SM3'UTRN-S1NCOE. To improve the efficacy of the vaccine, we introduced the tissue plasminogen activator signal (tPAs) and CARD domain of the signaling molecule VISA into vC/SM3'UTRN-S1NCOE to obtain vC/SM3'UTRN-tPAsS1NCOE and vC/SM3'UTRN-CARD/tPAsS1NCOE, respectively. We characterized three vaccine candidates in vitro and investigated their immune responses in rabbits and pigs. The NproD136N mutant exhibited normal autoprotease activity and mitigated the inhibition of IFN-β induction. The introduction of tPAs and the CARD domain led to the secretory expression of the S1NCOE protein and upregulated IFN-β induction in infected cells. Immunization with recombinant CSFVs expressing secretory S1NCOE resulted in a significantly increased in PEDV-specific antibody production, and coexpression of the CARD domain of VISA upregulated the PEDV-specific IFN-γ level in the serum of vaccinated animals. Notably, vaccination with vC/SM3'UTRN-CARD/tPAsS1NCOE conferred protection against virulent CSFV and PEDV challenge in pigs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the engineered vC/SM3'UTRN-CARD/tPAsS1NCOE is a promising bivalent vaccine candidate against both CSFV and PEDV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (H.W.); (W.Y.); (H.Q.)
| | - Weicheng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (H.W.); (W.Y.); (H.Q.)
| | - Huan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (H.W.); (W.Y.); (H.Q.)
| | - Qin Wang
- World Organization for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
| | - Zishu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (H.W.); (W.Y.); (H.Q.)
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Nepal N, Mahara P, Subedi S, Rijal KR, Ghimire P, Banjara MR, Shrestha UT. Genotypically Confirmed Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus With vanB Gene Among Clinical Isolates in Kathmandu. Microbiol Insights 2023; 16:11786361231183675. [PMID: 37456613 PMCID: PMC10338656 DOI: 10.1177/11786361231183675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterial pathogen causes various infections. The acquisition of various antimicrobial-resistant genes in S. aureus has led to the transformation of this bacterium into a superbug. Vancomycin resistance among MRSA isolates is an emerging threat in empirical therapy of various infections. The study was hence aimed to find out the susceptibility status of S. aureus isolates toward vancomycin and detect mecA, vanA, and vanB genes among the isolates. Methods A total of 1245 clinical samples from the participants attending a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu were processed. S. aureus isolated from the samples were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility patterns using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin. The antibiotic-resistant genes such as mecA, vanA, and vanB among S. aureus isolates were screened by a conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results Of 1245 samples, 80 S. aureus were identified. Out of which, 47.5% (38/80) were phenotypically confirmed MRSA isolates. mecA gene was detected in 84.2% (32/38) of MRSA isolates. 10.5% (4/38) were confirmed as vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) by MIC determination. None of the isolates was positive for the vanA gene; however, 2 isolates were found to possess the vanB gene. The 2 isolates have vancomycin MIC breakpoints of 4 to 8 μg/mL. Conclusion There might be a spreading of vancomycin resistance among S. aureus, creating serious public health problems. Therefore, measures to limit vancomycin resistance should be considered in healthcare facilities as immediately as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Nepal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prakriti Mahara
- GoldenGate International College, Old Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shishir Subedi
- Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Komal Raj Rijal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prakash Ghimire
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Trościańczyk A, Nowakiewicz A, Kasela M, Malm A, Tracz AM, Hahaj-Siembida A, Osińska M, Gula S, Jankowiak I. Multi-Host Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus-Epidemiology, Drug Resistance and Occurrence in Humans and Animals in Poland. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1137. [PMID: 37508233 PMCID: PMC10376275 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a drug resistant pathogen with zoonotic potential commonly isolated from humans and animals. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of drug resistance, resistance genes, sequence types (STs), and genotypes of S. aureus isolated from humans, livestock, and wildlife in eastern Poland. A high percentage of isolates resistant to penicillin (63%), erythromycin (39%), clindamycin (37%), tetracycline (31%), and methicillin (MRSA-19%), an intermediate resistant to vancomycin (VISA-13%), and a multidrug resistant (MDR-39%) was obtained. Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed the presence of 35 different STs (with dominance ST 15, ST 45, ST 7, and ST 582 in human, and ST 398 and ST 8139 in porcine and cattle isolates, respectively), including 9 new ones that had never been reported before (ST 8133-8141). Identical genotypic patterns were detected among porcine and cattle isolates as well as from humans and cattle. A high percentage of MDR, MRSA, and VISA in humans and livestock combined with the presence of the same genotypes among S. aureus isolated from human and cattle indicates the circulation of strains common in the region and their zoonotic potential. There is a need to develop new strategies to counteract this phenomenon according to the One Health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Martyna Kasela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Magdalena Tracz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Hahaj-Siembida
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcelina Osińska
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Szczepan Gula
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Igor Jankowiak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Gostev V, Kalinogorskaya O, Sopova J, Sulian O, Chulkova P, Velizhanina M, Tsvetkova I, Ageevets I, Ageevets V, Sidorenko S. Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Staphylococcus aureus Resistance to Vancomycin and Daptomycin: Mutation Patterns and Cross-Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050928. [PMID: 37237831 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin and daptomycin are first-line drugs for the treatment of complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, including bacteremia. However, their effectiveness is limited not only by their resistance to each antibiotic but also by their associated resistance to both drugs. It is unknown whether novel lipoglycopeptides can overcome this associated resistance. Resistant derivatives from five S. aureus strains were obtained during adaptive laboratory evolution with vancomycin and daptomycin. Both parental and derivative strains were subjected to susceptibility testing, population analysis profiles, measurements of growth rate and autolytic activity, and whole-genome sequencing. Regardless of whether vancomycin or daptomycin was selected, most of the derivatives were characterized by a reduced susceptibility to daptomycin, vancomycin, telavancin, dalbavancin, and oritavancin. Resistance to induced autolysis was observed in all derivatives. Daptomycin resistance was associated with a significant reduction in growth rate. Resistance to vancomycin was mainly associated with mutations in the genes responsible for cell wall biosynthesis, and resistance to daptomycin was associated with mutations in the genes responsible for phospholipid biosynthesis and glycerol metabolism. However, mutations in walK and mprF were detected in derivatives selected for both antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gostev
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 195067 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Kalinogorskaya
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia Sopova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Branch of Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ofelia Sulian
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina Chulkova
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Velizhanina
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Signal Regulation, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, 196608 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Tsvetkova
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Ageevets
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ageevets
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Sidorenko
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 195067 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Aguglia E, Chines E, Stefani S, Cafiso V. New Antimicrobial Resistance Strategies: An Adaptive Resistance Network Conferring Reduced Glycopeptide Susceptibility in VISA. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040783. [PMID: 37107145 PMCID: PMC10135003 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) emerges typically in the healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus and more rarely in community-acquired S. aureus (CA-MRSA). VISA is a serious concern for public health due to its association with persistent infections, the failure of vancomycin treatment, and poor clinical outcomes. Currently, the burden of VISA is somewhat high, even though vancomycin is the mainstay treatment for severe MRSA infections. The molecular mechanisms of reduced glycopeptide susceptibility in S. aureus are constantly under investigation but have still not yet been fully characterized. Methods: Our goal was to investigate the reduced glycopeptide susceptibility mechanisms emerging in a VISA CA-MRSA versus its vancomycin-susceptible (VSSA) CA-MRSA parents in a hospitalized patient undergoing glycopeptide treatment. Comparative integrated omics, Illumina MiSeq whole-genome sequencing (WGS), RNA-Seq, and bioinformatics were performed. Results: Through a comparison of VISA CA-MRSA vs. its VSSA CA-MRSA parent, mutational and transcriptomic adaptations were found in a pool of genes involved, directly or indirectly, in the biosynthesis of the glycopeptide target conferring or supporting the VISA phenotype, and its cross-resistance with daptomycin. This pool included key genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan precursors, i.e., D-Ala, the D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptide termini of the pentapeptide, and its incorporation in the nascent pentapeptide, as key targets of the glycopeptide resistance. Furthermore, accessory glycopeptide-target genes involved in the pathways corroborated the key adaptations, and thus, supported the acquisition of the VISA phenotype i.e., transporters, nucleotide metabolism genes, and transcriptional regulators. Finally, transcriptional changes were also found in computationally predicted cis-acting small antisense RNA triggering genes related both to the key or accessory adaptive pathways. Conclusion: Our investigation describes an adaptive resistance pathway acquired under antimicrobial therapy conferring reduced glycopeptide susceptibility in a VISA CA-MRSA due to a comprehensive network of mutational and transcriptional adaptations in genes involved in pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of glycopeptide's target or supporters of the key resistance path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Aguglia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Eleonora Chines
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Viviana Cafiso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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10
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Chavva H, Meka Y, Long TE. Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics of vancomycin and disulfiram (Antabuse®) in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1092257. [PMID: 36687633 PMCID: PMC9854118 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intravenous vancomycin (VAN) is the primary treatment for systemic infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target (PK/PD) indices for VAN therapies are more difficult to achieve for MRSA isolates with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) greater than 1 µg mL-1. This research investigated the in vitro antimicrobial PD interaction of disulfiram (DSF) with VAN as a potential adjuvant therapy for infections due to these bacteria. Methods The antimicrobial interaction was assessed by differential analysis using checkerboard titration testing, time-kill studies, flow cytometry, and the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) experiment. Ten MRSA strains with MICs ranging from 1 to >256 µg mL-1 for VAN were evaluated. A comprehensive PD assessment of the VAN/DSF interaction was performed using the VAN-intermediate (VISA) strain Mu50 (MIC 8 µg mL-1). Results The addition of DSF lowered the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of VAN in either a synergistic or additive manner for the MRSA panel. Optimal bactericidal effects and suppression of VISA Mu50 growth were observed with a 4/8 µg mL-1 combination of VAN/DSF, but not the individual drugs. Flow cytometry further confirmed the enhanced killing action on a cellular level; however, the addition of DSF had an overall antagonistic effect on the PAEs for VAN. Discussion This research established that DSF exhibits additive to synergistic killing action with VAN for MRSA. Conversely, antagonism was observed on the PAE of VAN with DSF addition for the Mu50 strain. Flow cytometry further confirmed the enhanced bactericidal effect on a cellular level while revealing that DSF may counteract the muropeptide fortification mechanism against VAN in VISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasitha Chavva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Yogesh Meka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States,*Correspondence: Timothy E. Long,
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11
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Iijima J, Yamase T. New synergistic antibacterial mechanism of bulky mixed Ti/w hetero-polyoxometalates composed of multi lacunary Keggin structure with oxacillin against vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Microorg Control 2023; 28:101-107. [PMID: 37866891 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.28.3_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Considering the lack of detailed research on the antibacterial mechanism of polyoxometalates, we examined the synergistic effect of novel bulky mixed Ti/W hetero-polyoxometalates (K9.5H2.5 [α-Ge2Ti4W20O78]・ 29H2O; αTi4, K9H5 [α-Ge2Ti6W18O77]・16H2O; αTi6, K23H5[α-Ge4Ti12W36O154]・39H2O; αTi12, K9H5 [β-Ge2Ti6W18O77]・ 45H2O; βTi6) with the antibiotic oxacillin against vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index and growth curve in this study. All polyoxometalates used in this study showed remarkable synergistic effects with oxacillin. Its synergistic antibacterial mechanism was examined using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and penicillin binding protein-2' (PBP2') latex agglutination test. The results suggested that these polyoxometalates did not inhibit mecA gene transcription but resulted in PBP2' protein malfunction. From these results, we concluded that the substances producing resistance in VISA were affected by polyoxometalates depending on their molecular size, facilitating a synergistic antibacterial effect with oxacillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iijima
- Chemical Resource Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iryo Sosei University
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12
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Tan L, Yang Y, Shang W, Hu Z, Peng H, Li S, Hu X, Rao X. Identification of Lysine Succinylome and Acetylome in the Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus XN108. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0348122. [PMID: 36374118 PMCID: PMC9769639 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03481-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play important roles in regulating numerous biological functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Lysine succinylation (Ksucc) and acetylation (Kac) are two important PTMs that have been identified in various bacterial species. However, the biological functions of Ksucc and Kac in vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) remain unclear. In this study, we systematically identified 3,260 Ksucc sites in 799 proteins and 7,935 Kac sites across 1,710 proteins in the VISA strain XN108. Functional analyses revealed that both Ksucc and Kac sites were highly enriched in several critical metabolic pathways, including ribosomal metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and glycolysis. Furthermore, a remarkable cross talk between Ksucc and Kac modifications was observed that almost 75% of the succinylated sites were also frequently acetylated. In addition, we identified SaCobB, a Sirtuin 2-like lysine deacetylase, as a bifunctional enzyme with both deacetylation and desuccinylation activities in S. aureus. We demonstrated the first lysine succinylome and acetylome in a VISA and identified SaCobB, a functional enzyme taking part in the regulation of Ksucc and Kac in S. aureus. Our findings provide valuable information for further study on the regulatory mechanisms of PTMs in S. aureus. IMPORTANCE Lysine succinylation (Ksucc) and acetylation (Kac) are two important protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that regulate numerous biological functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, the functions of Ksucc and Kac in Staphylococcus aureus are seldom described. Understanding of Ksucc and Kac modifications in S. aureus will facilitate the development of new strategies to control infections. Herein, we quantified both Ksucc and Kac in a vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strain XN108, analyzed the interaction between these two PTMs, and identified SaCobB as a bifunctional enzyme with both deacetylation and desuccinylation activities. This study is the first description of dual PTMs, Ksucc and Kac profiles, in the VISA. The findings could provide valuable information for the following researches on the regulatory roles of PTMs in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huagang Peng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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13
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Balansky J, Pfarr K, Szekat C, Kehraus S, Aden T, Grosse M, Jansen R, Hesterkamp T, Schiefer A, König GM, Stadler M, Hoerauf A, Bierbaum G. The RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Corallopyronin A Has a Lower Frequency of Resistance Than Rifampicin in Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 35884174 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corallopyronin A (CorA) is active against Gram-positive bacteria and targets the switch region of RNA polymerase. Because of the high frequency of mutation (FoM) leading to rifampicin resistance, we determined the CorA FoM in S. aureus using fluctuation analysis at 4 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Resistant mutants were characterized. S. aureus strains HG001, Mu50, N315, and USA300 had an MIC of 0.25 mg/L. The median FoM for CorA resistance was 1.5 × 10−8, 4.5-fold lower than the median FoM of 6.7 × 10−8 for rifampicin, and was reflected in a 4-fold lower mutation rate for CorA than rifampicin (6 × 10−9 for CorA vs. 2.5 × 10−8 for rifampicin). In CorA-resistant/rifampicin-sensitive strains, the majority of amino acid exchanges were S1127L in RpoB or K334N in RpoC. S. aureus Mu50, a rifampicin-resistant clinical isolate, yielded two further exchanges targeting amino acids L1131 and E1048 of the RpoB subunit. The plating of >1011 cells on agar containing a combination of 4 × MIC of rifampicin and 4 × MIC of CorA did not yield any growth. In conclusion, with proper usage, e.g., in combination therapy and good antibiotic stewardship, CorA is a potential antibiotic for treating S. aureus infections.
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Xu YR, Shi ML, Zhang Y, Kong N, Wang C, Xiao YF, Du SS, Zhu QY, Lei CQ. Tankyrases inhibit innate antiviral response by PARylating VISA/MAVS and priming it for RNF146-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122805119. [PMID: 35733260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122805119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral infection, sensing of viral RNA by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) initiates an antiviral innate immune response, which is mediated by the mitochondrial adaptor protein VISA (virus-induced signal adaptor; also known as mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein [MAVS]). VISA is regulated by various posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as polyubiquitination, phosphorylation, O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), and monomethylation. However, whether other forms of PTMs regulate VISA-mediated innate immune signaling remains elusive. Here, we report that Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a PTM of VISA, which attenuates innate immune response to RNA viruses. Using a biochemical purification approach, we identified tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) as a VISA-associated protein. Viral infection led to the induction of TNKS1 and its homolog TNKS2, which translocated from cytosol to mitochondria and interacted with VISA. TNKS1 and TNKS2 catalyze the PARylation of VISA at Glu137 residue, thereby priming it for K48-linked polyubiquitination by the E3 ligase Ring figure protein 146 (RNF146) and subsequent degradation. Consistently, TNKS1, TNKS2, or RNF146 deficiency increased the RNA virus-triggered induction of downstream effector genes and impaired the replication of the virus. Moreover, TNKS1- or TNKS2-deficient mice produced higher levels of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines after virus infection and markedly reduced virus loads in the brains and lungs. Together, our findings uncover an essential role of PARylation of VISA in virus-triggered innate immune signaling, which represents a mechanism to avoid excessive harmful immune response.
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15
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McCallin S, Menzi C, Lassen S, Daraspe J, Oechslin F, Moreillon P. Antibiotic Exposure Leads to Reduced Phage Susceptibility in Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus ( VISA). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022;:e0224721. [PMID: 35708333 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02247-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the time of antimicrobial resistance, phage therapy is frequently suggested as a possible solution for such difficult-to-treat infections. Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) remains a relatively rare yet increasing occurrence in the clinic for which phage therapy may be an option. However, the data presented herein suggest a potential cross-resistance mechanism to phage following vancomycin exposure in VISA strains. When comparing genetically similar strains differing in their susceptibility to vancomycin, those with intermediate levels of vancomycin resistance displayed decreased sensitivity to phage in solid and liquid assays. Serial passaging with vancomycin induced both reduced vancomycin susceptibility and phage sensitivity. As a consequence, the process of phage infection was shown to be interrupted after DNA ejection from adsorbed phage but prior to phage DNA replication, as demonstrated through adsorption assays, lysostaphin sensitivity assays, electron microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). At a time when phage products are being used for experimental treatments and tested in clinical trials, it is important to understand possible interference between mechanisms underlying antibiotic and phage resistance in order to design effective therapeutic regimens.
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16
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Qiu F, Li J, Legerlotz K. Does Additional Dietary Supplementation Improve Physiotherapeutic Treatment Outcome in Tendinopathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061666. [PMID: 35329992 PMCID: PMC8950117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplements in addition to physiotherapeutic treatment on pain and functional outcomes. PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to November 2021 (Prospero registration: CRD42021291951). Studies were eligible if the interventions consisted of physiotherapeutic approaches that were combined with dietary supplementation and if they reported measures of pain and/or function. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and analysed using a Review Manager software. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore possible associations between the study characteristics and the effectiveness of the intervention. Additional dietary supplementation during physiotherapeutic treatment significantly improved the reduction in pain score (SMD = −0.74, 95% CI, −1.37 to −0.10; p < 0.05), while it had no effect on functional outcomes (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.58; p > 0.05). This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that additional nutritional interventions may improve physiotherapeutic treatment outcomes in the management of tendinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanji Qiu
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Kirsten Legerlotz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-2093-46254
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17
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Abstract
Significance: It is estimated that close to 50 million cases of sepsis result in over 11 million annual fatalities worldwide. The pathognomonic feature of sepsis is a dysregulated inflammatory response arising from viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. Immune recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns is a hallmark of the host immune defense to combat microbes and to prevent the progression to sepsis. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a ubiquitous adaptor protein located at the outer mitochondrial membrane, which is activated by the cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5), following binding of viral RNA agonists. Recent Advances: Substantial progress has been made in deciphering the activation of the MAVS pathway with its interacting proteins, downstream signaling events (interferon [IFN] regulatory factors, nuclear factor kappa B), and context-dependent type I/III IFN response. Critical Issues: In the evolutionary race between pathogens and the host, viruses have developed immune evasion strategies for cleavage, degradation, or blockade of proteins in the MAVS pathway. For example, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) M protein and ORF9b protein antagonize MAVS signaling and a protective type I IFN response. Future Directions: The role of MAVS as a sensor for nonviral pathogens, host cell injury, and metabolic perturbations awaits better characterization in the future. New technical advances in multidimensional single-cell analysis and single-molecule methods will accelerate the rate of new discoveries. The ultimate goal is to manipulate MAVS activities in the form of immune-modulatory therapies to combat infections and sepsis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1376-1392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sharma
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Kontodimas
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Dhungel S, Rijal KR, Yadav B, Dhungel B, Adhikari N, Shrestha UT, Adhikari B, Banjara MR, Ghimire P. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Detection of mecA Gene among Cardiac Patients from a Tertiary Care Heart Center in Kathmandu, Nepal. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 14:11786337211037355. [PMID: 34483665 PMCID: PMC8414605 DOI: 10.1177/11786337211037355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a
significant human pathogen associated with nosocomial infections.
mecA in the S. aureus is a marker of
MRSA. The main objective of this study was to detect mecA
and vanA genes conferring resistance in S.
aureus among cardiac patients attending Sahid Gangalal National
Heart Centre (SGNHC), Kathmandu, Nepal between May and November 2019. Methods: A total of 524 clinical samples (blood, urine, sputum) were collected and
processed. Bacterial isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility
test (AST) and screening for MRSA was carried out by cefoxitin disc
diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin for
MRSA was established by agar dilution method and chromosomal DNA was
extracted and used in polymerase chain reaction targeting the
mecA and vanA genes. Results: Out of 524 specimens, 27.5% (144/524) showed bacterial growth. Among 144
culture positive isolates, S. aureus (27.1%; 39/144) was
the predominant bacteria. Among 39 S. aureus isolates, all
isolates were found resistant to penicillin followed by erythromycin (94.9%;
37/39), gentamicin (94.9%; 37/39) and cefoxitin (87.2%; 34/39). Out of 39
S. aureus, 87.2% (34/39) were MRSA. Among 34 MRSA, 8.8%
(3/34) were vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA). None
of the MRSA was resistant to vancomycin. All of the 3 VISA isolates were
obtained from inpatients. Of 39 S. aureus, 82.1% (32/39)
harbored mecA gene. Similarly, the entire VISA isolates and
94.1% (32/34) of the MRSA isolates were tested positive for
mecA gene. Conclusions: High prevalence of MRSA among the cardiac patients indicates the increasing
burden of drug resistance among bacterial isolates. Since infection control
is the crucial step in coping with the burgeoning antimicrobial resistance
in the country, augmentation of diagnostic facilities with routine
monitoring of drug resistance is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajina Dhungel
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Komal Raj Rijal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Binod Dhungel
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nabaraj Adhikari
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Bipin Adhikari
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prakash Ghimire
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Lamichhane-Khadka R, Dulal S, Cuaron JA, Pfeltz R, Gupta SK, Wilkinson BJ, Gustafson JE. Apt (Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase) Mutation in Laboratory-Selected Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:583. [PMID: 34069103 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomic sequencing of laboratory-derived vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcusaureus (VISA) (MM66-3 and MM66-4) revealed unique mutations in both MM66-3 (in apt and ssaA6), and MM66-4 (in apt and walK), compared to hetero-VISA parent strain MM66. Transcriptional profiling revealed that both MM66 VISA shared 79 upregulated genes and eight downregulated genes. Of these, 30.4% of the upregulated genes were associated with the cell envelope, whereas 75% of the downregulated genes were associated with virulence. In concordance with mutations and transcriptome alterations, both VISA strains demonstrated reduced autolysis, reduced growth in the presence of salt and reduced virulence factor activity. In addition to mutations in genes linked to cell wall metabolism (ssaA6 and walK), the same mutation in apt which encodes adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, was confirmed in both MM66 VISA. Apt plays a role in both adenine metabolism and accumulation and both MM66 VISA grew better than MM66 in the presence of adenine or 2-fluoroadenine indicating a reduction in the accumulation of these growth inhibiting compounds in the VISA strains. MM66 apt mutants isolated via 2-fluoroadenine selection also demonstrated reduced susceptibility to the cell wall lytic dye Congo red and vancomycin. Finding that apt mutations contribute to reduced vancomycin susceptibility once again suggests a role for altered purine metabolism in a VISA mechanism.
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Abstract
Purpose: To describe the clinical features of thyroid eye disease (TED) in patients presenting at a tertiary eye care centre in North India and to identify factors predictive of severe disease. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study involved clinical evaluation of all patients with TED who presented at the oculoplastic clinic based on the ITEDS VISA proforma. Risk factors for the severe disease were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 106 patients (50 males, 56 females; mean age 41.30 ± 14.76 years) were identified during the study period, 46.23% hyperthyroid, 33.96% hypothyroid and 19.81% euthyroid. The proportion of the patients with hypothyroid was higher as compared with prior studies and most patients with hypothyroid had the mild disease (63.89%). Orbitopathy symptoms were the presenting feature leading to the diagnosis of systemic thyroid abnormality in 25% of the patients with hypothyroid and 59.18% of the patients with hyperthyroid, respectively (P < 0.05). Eyelid and orbitopathy signs were more common in the patients with hyperthyroid (51.2% and 87.7%) as compared with hypothyroid where the commonest presenting symptoms were related to dry eye (50.1%). Active disease was seen in 22.6% of the patients. Mild, moderate to severe and sight-threatening disease was seen in 54.7%, 37.7% and 7.5%, respectively. On multivariate analyses, hyperthyroid status and activity was associated with severe disease. Smoking was not associated with activity or severity. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the gender profile of the patients with TED in this cohort. The patients with hypothyroid have a milder disease compared to the patients with hyperthyroid, and dry eye symptoms are the commonest presenting symptoms in hypothyroid subjects. Hyperthyroidism and activity were associated with severe and sight-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankrita Muralidhar
- Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sima Das
- Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweety Tiple
- Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
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21
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Weng GX, Ling T, Hou W, Li SN, Chen T, Zhang Z, Wang DD, Xu LG. Mitochondrial DUT-M potentiates RLR-mediated antiviral signaling by enhancing VISA and TRAF2 association. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:117-125. [PMID: 33582548 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Upon recognition of intracytoplasmic viral RNA, activated RIG-I is recruited to the mitochondrion-located adaptor protein VISA (also known as MAVS, CARDIF, and IPS-1). VISA then acts as a central signaling platform for linking RIG-I and downstream signaling components, such as TRAF2, 5, and 6, TBK1, and IKK, leading to activation of the kinases TBK1 and IKK. These activated kinases further phosphorylate the transcription factors IRF3/7 and NF-κB, leading to the induction of downstream antiviral genes. Here, we report a mitochondrial isoform, deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), DUT-M, as a positive regulator in RLR-VISA-mediated antiviral signaling. DUT-M interacts with VISA and RIG-I to facilitate the assembly of the VISA-TRAF2 complex and to augment the polyubiquitination of TRAF2, leading to potentiated activation of IRF3 dimerization and phosphorylation of P65, and enhanced VISA-mediated innate immune response. RLR-VISA-mediated IRF3 dimerization and P65 phosphorylation, were inhibited in DUT-knockdown and DUT-deficient 293 cells. Thus, DUT-M is a positive regulator of the RIG-I-VISA-mediated innate immune response to RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xiu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Ting Ling
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Wen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Sheng-Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Liang-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China.
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22
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Esteban P, Redrado S, Comas L, Domingo MP, Millán-Lou MI, Seral C, Algarate S, Lopez C, Rezusta A, Pardo J, Arias M, Galvez EM. In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Gliotoxin Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020085. [PMID: 33498622 PMCID: PMC7911140 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major causes of hospital-acquired and community infections and pose a challenge to the human health care system. Therefore, it is important to find new drugs that show activity against these bacteria, both in monotherapy and in combination with other antimicrobial drugs. Gliotoxin (GT) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi of the Aspergillus genus. Some evidence suggests that GT shows antimicrobial activity against S. aureus in vitro, albeit its efficacy against multidrug-resistant strains such as MRSA or vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strainsis not known. This work aimed to evaluate the antibiotic efficacy of GT as monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutics against MRSA in vitro and in vivo using a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Esteban
- Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragon), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.E.); (J.P.)
| | - Sergio Redrado
- Instituto de Carboquımica ICB-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.R.); (L.C.); (M.P.D.)
| | - Laura Comas
- Instituto de Carboquımica ICB-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.R.); (L.C.); (M.P.D.)
| | - M. Pilar Domingo
- Instituto de Carboquımica ICB-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.R.); (L.C.); (M.P.D.)
| | - M. Isabel Millán-Lou
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.I.M.-L.); (C.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Cristina Seral
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Algarate
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Concepción Lopez
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.I.M.-L.); (C.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Rezusta
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.I.M.-L.); (C.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Julian Pardo
- Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragon), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.E.); (J.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon I+D Foundation (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maykel Arias
- Instituto de Carboquımica ICB-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.R.); (L.C.); (M.P.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.M.G.)
| | - Eva M. Galvez
- Instituto de Carboquımica ICB-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.R.); (L.C.); (M.P.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.M.G.)
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Li X, Wang P, Hu X, Zhang Y, Lu X, Li C, Nie T, Li G, Wang X, Pang J, Lu Y, Yang X, You X. The combined antibacterial effects of sodium new houttuyfonate and berberine chloride against growing and persistent methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:317. [PMID: 33076836 PMCID: PMC7574187 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infections caused by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, especially vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), leave clinicians with limited therapeutic options for treatment. Persister cells is a leading cause of recalcitrant infection and antibiotic treatment failure, and there is no drug in clinical use that specifically targets persister cells currently. Here, we report a promising combination therapy of sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH) and berberine chloride (BBR) which is able to eradicate both growing and persistent drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Results The susceptibility test showed SNH exhibited anti-MRSA activity with MIC90 at 64 μg/mL, while BBR showed weak anti-MRSA activity with MIC90 at 512 μg/mL. MICs of BBR in combination with 1/2 MIC SNH decreased by 4 to 64 folds compared with MICs of BBR alone. The results of time-killing assays revealed that the combined use of sub-MIC SNH and BBR offered an in vitro synergistic action against growing MRSA (including pathogenic MRSA) and VISA strains. More importantly, the combination of SNH and BBR was able to eradicate VISA Mu50 and pathogenic MRSA persister cells. The synergistic effect is likely related to the interruption of the cell membrane caused by SNH, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscope and membrane potential and permeability analysis. Conclusions Our study provide a promising clinical curative strategy for combating drug-resistant S. aureus infections, especially for recalcitrant infections caused by persister cells. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12866-020-02003-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Penghe Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Congran Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tongying Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiukun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xuefu You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Peignier A, Planet PJ, Parker D. Differential Induction of Type I and III Interferons by Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00352-20. [PMID: 32690637 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00352-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, and we have shown previously that type I interferon (IFN) contributes to the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we screened 75 S. aureus strains for their ability to induce type I and III IFN. Both cytokine pathways were differentially stimulated by various S. aureus strains independently of their isolation sites or methicillin resistance profiles. These induction patterns persisted over time, and type I and III IFN generation differentially correlated with tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Investigation of one isolate, strain 126, showed a significant defect in type I IFN induction that persisted over several time points. The lack of induction was not due to differential phagocytosis, subcellular location, or changes in endosomal acidification. A correlation between reduced type I IFN induction levels and decreased autolysis and lysostaphin sensitivity was found between strains. Strain 126 had a decreased rate of autolysis and increased resistance to lysostaphin degradation and host cell-mediated killing. This strain displayed decreased virulence in a murine model of acute pneumonia compared to USA300 (current epidemic strain and commonly used in research) and had reduced capacity to induce multiple cytokines. We observed this isolate to be a vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strain, and reduced Ifnb was observed with a defined mutation in walK that induces a VISA phenotype. Overall, this study demonstrates the heterogeneity of IFN induction by S. aureus and uncovered an interesting property of a VISA strain in its inability to induce type I IFN production.
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Adeoye-Isijola M, Olajuyigbe O, Adebola K, Coopoosamy R, Afolayan A. Vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavity of asymptomatic individuals: a potential public health challenge. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1109-1117. [PMID: 33402955 PMCID: PMC7751515 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential of transmitting multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from asymptomatic individuals to healthy individuals could constitute a great challenge to antimicrobial therapy. Methods The antibiograms of the S. aureus from asymptomatic individuals were determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution assay techniques with different antibiotics and vancomycin. Results Of the 152 S. aureus isolated, (59)38.8% isolates were multi-drug resistant strains. Streptomycin was the most effective and inhibited (135)88.82% of the isolates while ceftazidime inhibited (24)15.8% of the isolates. While (82)54.0% of the isolates inhibited by cefuroxime had resistant colonies within their inhibition zones (Rc) and ofloxacin inhibited (100)65.8% of the isolates without having resistant colonies within the inhibition zones, ceftazidime inhibited (7)4.6% of the isolates with resistant colonies within the inhibition zones. Subjecting the isolates to vancomycin showed that (27)17.8% were resistant to 2 µg/ml, (43)28.3% were resistant to 4 µg/ml and (27)17.8% of the isolates were simultaneously resistant to both concentrations of vancomycin. Although (100)65.8% of the isolates had MARindex ≥0.2, (52)34.2% of the isolates had MARindex ≤ 0.2 and (65)428% of the isolates were considered multidrug resistant strains. Conclusion The isolation of multi-drug and vancomycin intermediate resistant strains of S. aureus in high percentage, in this study, presents a great threat to clinicians and general populace. The vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) in asymptomatic individuals could be a critical concern to the therapeutic dilemma to be added to the presence of multi-drug resistance. A more sustainable therapy must be in place to prevent its dissemination or the outbreak of its infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Adeoye-Isijola
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science & Technology, Babcock University, PMB 4005, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmiso Olajuyigbe
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science & Technology, Babcock University, PMB 4005, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs, 4026, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Kehinde Adebola
- Department of Public Health, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Roger Coopoosamy
- Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs, 4026, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Anthony Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Botany Department, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, South Africa
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26
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Werth BJ, Ashford NK, Penewit K, Waalkes A, Holmes EA, Ross DH, Shen T, Hines KM, Salipante SJ, Xu L. Dalbavancin exposure in vitro selects for dalbavancin-non-susceptible and vancomycin-intermediate strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:910.e1-910.e8. [PMID: 32866650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Its long half-life (8.5-16 days) allows for once-weekly or single-dose treatments but could prolong the mutant selection window, promoting resistance and cross-resistance to related antimicrobials such as vancomycin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of post-distributional pharmacokinetic exposures of dalbavancin to select for resistance and cross-resistance in MRSA. METHODS We simulated average, post-distributional exposures of single-dose (1500 mg) dalbavancin (fCmax 9.9 μg/mL, β-elimination t1/2 204 h) in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model for 28 days (672 h) against five MRSA strains and one methicillin-susceptible strain (MSSA). Samples were collected at least daily, and surviving colonies were enumerated and screened for resistance on drug-free and dalbavancin-supplemented medium respectively. Isolates from resistance screening plates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and susceptibly testing against dalbavancin, vancomycin, daptomycin, and six β-lactams with varying penicillin-binding protein (PBP) affinities. RESULTS Dalbavancin was bactericidal against most strains for days 1-4 before regrowth of less susceptible subpopulations occurred. Isolates with eight-fold increases in dalbavancin MIC were detected as early as day 4 but increased 64-128-fold in all models by day 28. Vancomycin and daptomycin MICs increased 4-16-fold, exceeding the susceptibly breakpoints for both antibiotics; β-lactam MICs generally decreased by two-to eight-fold, suggesting a dalbavancin-β-lactam seesaw effect, but increased by eight-fold or more in certain isolates. Resistant isolates carried mutations in a variety of genes, most commonly walKR, apt, stp1, and atl. CONCLUSIONS In our in vitro system, post-distributional dalbavancin exposures selected for stable mutants with reduced susceptibility to dalbavancin, vancomycin, and daptomycin, and generally increased susceptibility to β-lactams in all strains of MRSA tested. The clinical significance of these findings remains unclear, but created an opportunity to genotype a unique collection of dalbavancin-resistant strains for the first time. Mutations involved genes previously associated with vancomycin intermediate susceptibility and daptomycin non-susceptibility, most commonly walKR-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Werth
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Nathaniel K Ashford
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelsi Penewit
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam Waalkes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Holmes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dylan H Ross
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tianwei Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly M Hines
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Georgia, Department of Chemistry, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stephen J Salipante
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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27
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Rowe FJ, Hepworth L, Howard C, Bruce A, Smerdon V, Payne T, Jimmieson P, Burnside G. Vision Screening Assessment ( VISA) tool: diagnostic accuracy validation of a novel screening tool in detecting visual impairment among stroke survivors. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033639. [PMID: 32532765 PMCID: PMC7295409 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Screening for visual problems in stroke survivors is not standardised. Visual problems that remain undetected or poorly identified can create unmet needs for stroke survivors. We report the validation of a new Vision Impairment Screening Assessment (VISA) tool intended for use by the stroke team to improve identification of visual impairment in stroke survivors. METHODS We conducted a prospective case cohort comparative study in four centres to validate the VISA tool against a specialist reference vision assessment. VISA is available in print or as an app (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency regulatory approved); these were used equally for two groups. Both VISA and the comprehensive reference vision assessment measured case history, visual acuity, eye alignment, eye movements, visual field and visual inattention. The primary outcome measure was the presence or absence of visual impairment. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-one stroke survivors were screened. Specialist reference vision assessment was by experienced orthoptists. Full completion of screening and reference vision assessment was achieved for 201 stroke survivors. VISA print was completed for 101 stroke survivors; VISA app was completed for 100. Sensitivity and specificity of VISA print was 97.67% and 66.67%, respectively. Overall agreement was substantial; K=0.648. Sensitivity and specificity of VISA app was 88.31% and 86.96%, respectively. Overall agreement was substantial; K=0.690. Lowest agreement was found for screening of eye movement and near visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS This validation study indicates acceptability of VISA for screening of potential visual impairment in stroke survivors. Sensitivity and specificity were high indicating the accuracy of this screening tool. VISA is available in print or as an app allowing versatile uptake across multiple stroke settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Rowe
- Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lauren Hepworth
- Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire Howard
- Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alison Bruce
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Terry Payne
- Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Phil Jimmieson
- Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Girvan Burnside
- Biostatistics, University of Liverpool Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK
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Li D, Yang W, Ru Y, Ren J, Liu X, Zheng H. Thioredoxin 2 Negatively Regulates Innate Immunity to RNA Viruses by Disrupting the Assembly of the Virus-Induced Signaling Adaptor Complex. J Virol 2020; 94:e01756-19. [PMID: 31915282 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01756-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA) complex plays a critical role in the innate immune response to RNA viruses. However, the mechanism of VISA complex formation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that thioredoxin 2 (TRX2) interacts with VISA at mitochondria both in vivo and in vitro Knockdown and knockout of TRX2 enhanced the formation of the VISA-associated complex, as well as virus-triggered activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and transcription of the interferon beta 1 (IFNB1) gene. TRX2 inhibits the formation of VISA aggregates by repressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby disrupting the assembly of the VISA complex. Furthermore, our data suggest that the C93 residue of TRX2 is essential for inhibition of VISA aggregation, whereas the C283 residue of VISA is required for VISA aggregation. Collectively, these findings uncover a novel mechanism of TRX2 that negatively regulates VISA complex formation.IMPORTANCE The VISA-associated complex plays pivotal roles in inducing type I interferons (IFNs) and eliciting the innate antiviral response. Many host proteins are identified as VISA-associated-complex proteins, but how VISA complex formation is regulated by host proteins remains enigmatic. We identified the TRX2 protein as an important regulator of VISA complex formation. Knockout of TRX2 increases virus- or poly(I·C)-triggered induction of type I IFNs at the VISA level. Mechanistically, TRX2 inhibits the production of ROS at its C93 site, which impairs VISA aggregates at its C283 site, and subsequently impedes the assembly of the VISA complex. Our findings suggest that TRX2 plays an important role in the regulation of VISA complex assembly.
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Li J, Chen T, Xie T, Yang YX, He TS, Xu LG. SNX5 inhibits RLR-mediated antiviral signaling by targeting RIG-I- VISA signalosome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:889-896. [PMID: 31806368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Upon invading the cell, the viral RNA is recognized by the RIG-I receptor located in the cytoplasm, causing the RIG-I receptor to be activated. The activated RIG-I receptor transmits downstream antiviral signals by interacting with the adaptor protein VISA located on the mitochondria, leading to the production of type Ⅰ interferons and crude inflammatory cytokine genes. Although there have been many studies on antiviral signal transduction of RIG-I receptors in recent years, the mechanism of RIG-I-VISA-mediated antiviral regulation is still not fully understood. In this study, we identified SNX5 as a negative regulator of RLR-mediated antiviral signaling. Our results show that overexpression of SNX5 inhibits viral-induced activation of the IFN-β promoter, ISRE, NF-κB, and IRF3, whereas RNAi knockdown of SNX5 expression shows opposite results. We also found that overexpression of SNX5 enhanced RIG-I's K48 ubiquitination and attenuated its K63 ubiquitination, resulting in inhibition of virus-induced RIG-I expression. Besides, further studies show that SNX5 overexpression weakens the interaction between VISA and TRAF2/5. Our findings suggest that SNX5 negatively regulates RLR-mediated antiviral signaling by targeting the RIG-I-VISA signalosome and provide new evidence for the negative regulation of RIG-I-mediated innate immune response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Ya-Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Tian-Sheng He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Liang-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China.
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30
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Abstract
The antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses are critical for host defense against viral infection. How these antiviral responses are initiated and regulated has been intensively investigated. Viral nucleic acids are sensed by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which trigger various signaling pathways by utilizing distinct adaptor proteins, kinases and regulatory proteins. These pathways lead to activation of the transcriptional factors NF-κB and IRF3 and ultimate induction of antiviral effector proteins including type I interferons (IFNs), TNF and IL-1β, which are critical mediators of antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses. For the past 20 years, our groups at Peking University and Wuhan University have made restless efforts in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses. Here, we summarize the major discoveries from our groups, including the identifications of the critical adaptors VISA/MAVS and MITA/STING, regulatory mechanisms of these adapter-mediated signaling, and regulation of TNF- and IL1β-triggered inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Li SN, Ling T, Yang YX, Huang JP, Xu LG. CHID1 positively regulates RLR antiviral signaling by targeting the RIG-I/ VISA signalosome. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1668-1678. [PMID: 31106867 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) belongs to the RIGI-like receptors (RLRs), a class of primary pattern recognition receptors. It senses viral double-strand RNA in the cytoplasm and delivers the activated signal to its adaptor virus-induced signaling adapter (VISA), which then recruits the downstream TNF receptor-associated factors and kinases, triggering a downstream signal cascade that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and antiviral interferons (IFNs). However, the mechanism of RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that chitinase domain-containing 1 (CHID1), a member of the chitinase family, positively regulates the RLR antiviral signaling pathway by targeting the RIG-I/VISA signalosome. CHID1 overexpression enhances the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-кB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) triggered by Sendai virus (SeV) by promoting the polyubiquitination of RIG-I and VISA, thereby potentiating IFN-β production. CHID1 knockdown in human 239T cells inhibits SeV-induced activation of IRF3 and NF-κB and the induction of IFN-β. These results indicate that CHID1 positively regulates RLR antiviral signal, revealing the novel mechanism of the RIG-I antiviral signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Ling
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ya-Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liang-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Ortega-Avila AB, Reina-Martin I, Cervera-Garvi P, Lopezosa-Reca E, Cabello-Manrique D, Gijon-Nogueron G. Systematic review of the psychometric properties of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment - Achilles tendinopathy questionnaire. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:1056-1064. [PMID: 31429326 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1652701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the different versions of The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment - Achilles questionnaire for Achilles tendinopathy to evaluate its psychometric properties and the methodological quality of these studies. METHODS This study is a systematic review. SETTING A search was conducted in the PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Google Scholar databases, based on the following inclusion criteria: population with Achilles tendinopathy >18 years; validation studies of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles questionnaire, in different languages, with no time limit. Two of the present authors independently assessed the quality of the studies located and extracted the relevant data. Terwee's criteria and the COSMIN checklist were employed to ensure adequate methodological quality. RESULTS Eleven instruments met the inclusion criteria for this review. Significant methodological flaws were detected, mostly regarding construct validity and responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS The cultural adaptation of the Spanish-language and Brazilian-Portuguese-language VISA-A presents adequate methodological quality. However, further studies are required, with greater methodological rigor, of the cultural adaptations of measurement instruments.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONOn available evidence, the Spanish-language and Brazilian-Portuguese language versions of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment - Achilles questionnaire are the most appropriate for patients with Achilles tendinopathy.Robust methods should be designed and implemented to obtain higher quality instruments for patients with Achilles tendinopathy to be used systematically in daily clinical practice.Most previous transcultural versions of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment - Achilles tendinopathy questionnaire have presented inadequate evidence of their psychometric properties and should be used with caution for patients with Achilles tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eva Lopezosa-Reca
- Department of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Cabello-Manrique
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron
- Department of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Nursing and Podiatry, IBIMA, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
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Yamaguchi T, Ando R, Matsumoto T, Ishii Y, Tateda K. Association between cell growth and vancomycin resistance in clinical community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2379-2390. [PMID: 31534353 PMCID: PMC6682180 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s209591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the association between the rate of cell growth and vancomycin (VAN) resistance by comparing the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of different sized colonies isolated from a single origin. Methods Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strain TMUS2136 was isolated from the pus of a patient with a brain abscess and a chronic subdural abscess. This strain grew slowly and formed colonies poorly on agar plates within 24 h of incubation. However, variously sized colonies were observed after 48 h of incubation. We isolated five strains from different sized colonies and compared their VAN susceptibility and genomic sequences using next-generation sequencing. Results The five strains showed different rates of growth and susceptibilities to VAN (range of MIC after 48 h of incubation; 3–5 mg/L), and slower growing strains tended to be more VAN resistant. Deletion of the spdC gene and SNPs in the sarA gene was confirmed in all five strains and six SNPs in other genes (including mreC, hssS, prs, SA2339, sun, and SA1132) were confirmed when comparing the five strains. Conclusions Deletion of the spdC gene, a novel virulence factor of S. aureus, and SNPs in the sarA gene may be associated with VAN resistance. It was hypothesized that any of the six genes in which SNPs were detected could affect cell growth rate and VAN resistance in slow-VISA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Ando
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Bhowmick T, Liu C, Imp B, Sharma R, Boruchoff SE. Ceftaroline as salvage therapy for complicated MRSA bacteremia: case series and analysis. Infection 2019; 47:629-635. [PMID: 30955166 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection (BSI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Ceftaroline fosamil (CPT) is the only available beta-lactam antibiotic with in vitro and in vivo activities against MRSA. There is currently limited clinical experience with CPT in complicated MRSA BSI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report a series of eight patients, including three whose strains had reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. RESULTS CPT monotherapy was successfully used as salvage therapy for complicated MRSA BSI. The median time to documented clearance was 7 days. CONCLUSION Ceftaroline monotherapy is effective for clearance of refractory MRSA BSI related to implanted devices, endocarditis, and orthopedic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Bhowmick
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, MEB 362, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Charles Liu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Patterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Brandon Imp
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Patterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ranita Sharma
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Patterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Susan E Boruchoff
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, MEB 362, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Tharmalingam N, Ribeiro NQ, da Silva DL, Naik MT, Cruz LI, Kim W, Shen S, Dos Santos JD, Ezikovich K, D'Agata EM, Mylonakis E, Fuchs BB. Auranofin is an effective agent against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1417-25. [PMID: 31298580 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The orphan drug auranofin was recently found to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Materials & methods: We explored the efficacy of auranofin by evaluating the minimal inhibitory concentration against a collection of over 500 clinical isolates derived from multiple institutions, inclusive of drug resistant strains. Our evaluation also included continuous exposure of bacteria to auranofin. Results & conclusion: We found that minimal inhibitory concentrations ranged between 0.125 and 1 mg/l, exerting robust antimicrobial activity against a sizeable clinical collection of the bacteria. Further, we evaluated the propensity of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain MW2 to develop resistance through extended exposure to auranofin. After 25 days, the bacteria remained susceptible. Our data suggest that resistance mechanisms do not currently exist to block auranofin antimicrobial activity.
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Silveira ACO, Caierão J, Silva CI, Anzai EK, McCulloch JA, d'Azevedo PA, Sincero TCM. Impact of mutations in h VISA isolates on decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, through population analyses profile - area under curve (PAP-AUC). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:114854. [PMID: 31366440 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed sequences of graSR, vraSR, walKR and rpoB genes in hVISA from Brazil. Five isolates showed mutations in at least one gene. rpoB H481N and graS T224I were the most frequent mutations, followed by graR D148Q and walK A468T. Our study reinforces the heterogeneity of genetic patterns among hVISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C O Silveira
- UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, - SC, Brazil; FURB - Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, - SC, Brazil.
| | - J Caierão
- UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, - RS, Brazil
| | - C I Silva
- UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, - SC, Brazil
| | - E K Anzai
- FURB - Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, - SC, Brazil
| | - J A McCulloch
- USP - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, - SP, Brazil
| | - P A d'Azevedo
- UFCSPA - Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, - RS, Brazil
| | - T C M Sincero
- UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, - SC, Brazil
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Bryant AE, Gomi S, Katahira E, Huang DB, Stevens DL. The effects of iclaprim on exotoxin production in methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:456-466. [PMID: 30676310 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular protein toxins contribute to the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections. The present study compared the effects of iclaprim and trimethoprim - two folic acid synthesis inhibitors - with nafcillin and vancomycin on production of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), alpha haemolysin (AH) and toxic-shock syndrome toxin I (TSST-1) in methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (MRSA and VISA, respectively). METHODOLOGY Northern blotting and RT-PCR were used to assess gene transcription; toxin-specific bioassays were used to measure protein toxin production. RESULTS As shown previously, sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of nafcillin increased and prolonged MRSA toxin gene transcription and enhanced PVL, TSST-1 and AH production. Sub-inhibitory doses of iclaprim and trimethoprim delayed maximal AH gene (hla) transcription and suppressed AH production; both drugs delayed, but neither reduced, maximal TSST-1 production. Trimethoprim significantly increased lukF-PV expression and PVL production compared to both untreated and iclaprim-treated cultures. Higher concentrations of iclaprim and trimethoprim markedly suppressed MRSA growth, mRNA synthesis and toxin production. In VISA, iclaprim, vancomycin and nafcillin variably increased tst and hla expression, but only nafcillin increased toxin production. Despite its ability to increase hla expression, iclaprim was the most potent inhibitor of AH production. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, due to its ability to suppress toxin production, iclaprim should be effective against severe staphylococcal infections caused by toxin-producing MRSA and VISA strains, especially given its ability to concentrate at sites of infection such as skin and skin structures and the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Bryant
- 1 University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sumiko Gomi
- 2 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Eva Katahira
- 2 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Dennis L Stevens
- 1 University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- 2 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, ID, USA
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Othman HB, Halim RMA, Gomaa FAM, Amer MZ. Vancomycin MIC Distribution among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Is Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility Related To MIC Creep? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 7:12-18. [PMID: 30740152 PMCID: PMC6352480 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the distribution of vancomycin MIC and the frequency of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin susceptibility among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. METHODS: MRSA isolates (n = 100) were tested for reduced susceptibility to vancomycin using MIC broth microdilution method (BMD), vancomycin screening agar with different vancomycin concentrations with and without casein, and Vitek 2 system. RESULTS: BMD detected (22%) vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and (78%) vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus (VSSA) but couldn’t detect nine (Heterogeneous VISA) (hVISA) isolates (9%) with MIC ≤ 2 µg/ml that grew on screening agar 4 µg/ml or 6 µg/ml. Adding casein to vancomycin screening agar increased detection rate of VISA by 4.5%. Screening agar with 6 µg/ml vancomycin overall detection rate for VISA was 95.45%. Probable ‘pre-hVISA’isolates (17%) showed growth on vancomycin screening agar 2 µg/ml with casein. Vitek 2 system failed to detect any VISA isolates. CONCLUSION: Vancomycin screening agar; 2 µg/ml and (4 and 6 µg/ml) were able to detect; probable “pre hVISA and (hVISA and VISA) isolates respectively based on their BMD MIC values. Decreased vancomycin susceptibility in MRSA isolates might be related to MIC creep. Analysis of vancomycin MIC values over longer periods is recommended to further study this phenomenon and its impact on vancomycin treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala B Othman
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abdel Halim
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Alzahraa M Gomaa
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Malaka Z Amer
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Xie T, Chen T, Li C, Wang W, Cao L, Rao H, Yang Q, Shu HB, Xu LG. RACK1 attenuates RLR antiviral signaling by targeting VISA-TRAF complexes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:667-74. [PMID: 30527812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA), which mediates the production of type I interferon, is crucial for the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway. Upon viral infection, RIG-I recognizes double-stranded viral RNA and interacts with VISA to mediate antiviral innate immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying RIG/VISA-mediated antiviral regulation remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) interacts with VISA and attenuates the RIG/VISA-mediated antiviral innate immune signaling pathway. Overexpression of RACK1 inhibited the interferon-β (IFN-β) promoter; interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE); nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation; and dimerization of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) mediated by RIG-I, VISA, and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). A reduction in RACK1 expression level upon small interfering RNA knockdown increased RIG/VISA-mediated antiviral transduction. Additionally, RACK1 disrupted formation of the VISA-tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), VISA-TRAF3, and VISA-TRAF6 complexes during RIG-I/VISA-mediated signal transduction. Additionally, RACK1 enhanced K48-linked ubiquitination of VISA, attenuated its K63-linked ubiquitination, and decreased VISA-mediated antiviral signal transduction. Together, these results indicate that RACK1 interacts with VISA to repress downstream signaling and downregulates virus-induced IFN-β production in the RIG-I/VISA signaling pathway.
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Singh NB, Yim J, Jahanbakhsh S, Sakoulas G, Rybak MJ. Impact of cefazolin co-administration with vancomycin to reduce development of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 91:363-370. [PMID: 29807674 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Development of antimicrobial resistance during monotherapy of complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is problematic due to cross-resistance between vancomycin (VAN) and daptomycin, the only approved agents for this condition. Our objective was to demonstrate that development of resistance under conditions of suboptimal VAN (200 mg q 12 h) exposure in S. aureus can be attenuated by addition of cefazolin (CFZ). METHODS Two strains of S. aureus, 1 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (RN9120) and 1 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (JH1), were evaluated. The organisms were exposed to subtherapeutic VAN concentrations in a 1-compartment pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model combined with recycling in the presence and absence of CFZ. Changes in MIC to glyco/lipopeptides and β-lactams along with susceptibility to human cathelicidin LL-37 killing were studied. Population analysis profiles (PAPs) were performed to detect changes in VAN heteroresistance. RESULTS VAN MIC of both organisms increased from 1 to 4 mg/L within 144 h under subtherapeutic VAN exposure. Increase in VAN MIC was associated with increased glyco/lipopeptides MICs. Additionally, increased survival in LL-37 killing assays from 40% to >90% accompanied the increase in VAN MIC. Addition of CFZ prevented the emergence of VAN-intermediate S. aureus. PAPs demonstrated an attenuation of VAN area under the curve shift (reduced organism selection with higher MICs values) when suboptimal VAN exposure was accompanied with CFZ compared to VAN alone (MSSA 17.81 versus 36.027, MRSA -0.35 versus 17.92, respectively). Given the emerging data on the clinical benefits of β-lactam adjunctive therapy in refractory MRSA bacteremia, additional studies on a larger collection of clinical isolates are needed to establish the utility of VAN plus CFZ for treatment of MRSA bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita B Singh
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Juwon Yim
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Seyedehameneh Jahanbakhsh
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - George Sakoulas
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics Center for Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael J Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacy Services, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Sheppard JG, Frazier KR, Saralkar P, Hossain MF, Geldenhuys WJ, Long TE. Disulfiram-based disulfides as narrow-spectrum antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1298-302. [PMID: 29571571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen disulfides derived from disulfiram (Antabuse™) were evaluated as antibacterial agents. Derivatives with hydrocarbon chains of seven and eight carbons in length exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Listeria spp. A comparison of the cytotoxicity and microsomal stability with disulfiram further revealed that the eight carbon chain analog was of lower toxicity to human hepatocytes and has a longer metabolic half-life. In the final analysis, this investigation concluded that the S-octylthio derivative is a more effective growth inhibitor of Gram-positive bacteria than disulfiram and exhibits more favorable cytotoxic and metabolic parameters over disulfiram.
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Bamigboye BT, Olowe OA, Taiwo SS. Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Clinical Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in Osogbo, Nigeria. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2018; 8:25-30. [PMID: 29760962 PMCID: PMC5944423 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of vancomycin for treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA strains has resulted in emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in clinical settings. Following our previous report of phenotypic VRSA in Nigeria, the current study attempts to determine the genetic basis underlying this resistance. Over a period of 6 months, non-duplicate clinical S. aureus isolates from 73 consecutive patients with infective conditions at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo were tested against a panel of eight selected antibiotics by disk diffusion test. The Epsilom test strip was used to determine vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to amplify nuc, mecA, vanA, and vanB genes. Of 73 isolates, 61 (83.6%) had MIC of ≤2 μg/ml, 11 (15.1%) had 4-8 μg/ml and 1 (1.4%) had 16 μg/ml. The mecA gene was detected in 5 (6.8%) isolates but none contained vanA or vanB genes. Both vancomycin-susceptible and intermediate isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics, while the only vancomycin resistant isolate was resistant to all eight antibiotics. The result confirms the occurrence of phenotypic vancomycin intermediate-resistant S. aureus (VISA) and VRSA infections in Nigeria, but the molecular basis will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosede Titilope Bamigboye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4400, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4400, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Sunday Taiwo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4400, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Lin LC, Chang SC, Ge MC, Liu TP, Lu JJ. Novel single-nucleotide variations associated with vancomycin resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:113-123. [PMID: 29403293 PMCID: PMC5783010 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s148335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged vancomycin usage may cause methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to become vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA). Mechanisms of vancomycin resistance of VISA and hVISA are still unclear. In this study, analyses of nucleotide sequence variations in 30 vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus (VSSA), 41 hVISA and 16 VISA isolates revealed 29 single-nucleotide variations in 12 genes (fmtC, graR, graS, htrA, mecA, pbp2, pbp4, srtA, tcaA, upps, vicK and vraR) that are related to cell wall synthesis or the two-component system. Six of these 29 single-nucleotide variations were novel and resulted in the following amino acid changes: Q692E in FmtC; T278I, P306L and I311T in HtrA; and I63V and K101E in Upps. Since P306L and I311T in HtrA and I63V in Upps were present in the majority (76.7%–86.7%) of VSSA isolates, these three amino acid variations may not be associated with vancomycin resistance. The other three amino acid variations (T278I in HtrA, K101E in Upps and Q692E in FmtC) were present in the majority (87.5%–93.8%) of hVISA and VISA isolates, but only in a small number (22.9%–25.7%) of VSSA isolates, suggesting that they are associated with vancomycin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Chung Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Cheng Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Iluz N, Maor Y, Keller N, Malik Z. The synergistic effect of PDT and oxacillin on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:535-551. [PMID: 29333608 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in clinical microbiology. It is known to cause infections at various body sites and can be life-threatening. The development of resistance to many well-established antibiotic treatments and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRAS) among hospital patients and the general community pose challenges in treating the pathogen. The antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been a subject of study for a long time and can offer new strategies for dealing with resistant strains. OBJECTIVE In our study, we searched for a positive synergistic relationship between PDT and the standard antibiotics used to treat S. aureus and MRSA infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phototoxic profile of deuteroporphyrin (DP) in both resistant and susceptible clinical strains of S. aureus was determined by plating of treated and untreated broth cultures. Electron microscopy imaging was done to explore possible sites of damage and free-radical accumulation in the cells during DP-PDT. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampin, and fusidic acid was determined using the broth dilution method, and the checkerboard method was used to detect and evaluate the synergistic potential of DP-PDT and antibiotic combinations. A synergistic combination was further characterized using broth cultures and plating. RESULTS DP-PDT using a light dose of 15 J/cm2 showed a bactericidal effect even with a small concentration of 17 μM DP. Transmission electron microscopy indicated profound damage in the cell wall and cell membrane, and the appearance of mesosome-like structures. Free radicals tend to localize in the cell membrane and inside the mesosome. No synergistic effect was detected by combining PDT with gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampin, and fusidic acid treatments. A positive synergistic effect was observed only in DP-PDT-oxacillin combined treatment using the checkerboard method. The effect was observed in clinical antibiotic-resistant isolates after DP-PDT using a light dose of 46 J/cm2 and small concentrations of DP. Oxacillin MIC decreased below 2 μg/ml in resistant strains under such conditions. Cultures which did not undergo new cycles of DP-PDT recovered their original oxacillin resistance after a few generations. CONCLUSIONS PDT with porphyrins shows possible new therapeutic options in treating drug-resistant S. aureus at body sites suitable for irradiation. The synergistic effect of DP-PDT with oxacillin on clinical strains illustrates the potential of PDT to augment traditional antibiotic treatment based on cell wall inhibitors. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:535-551, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanel Iluz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yasmin Maor
- Infectious Diseases Control Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Natan Keller
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Health Systems Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Zvi Malik
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,The Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
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García AB, Viñuela-Prieto JM, López-González L, Candel FJ. Correlation between resistance mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus and cell wall and septum thickening. Infect Drug Resist 2017; 10:353-356. [PMID: 29089777 PMCID: PMC5655128 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s146748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study is to examine cell wall and septum thickening of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and methicillin- and linezolid-resistant S. aureus (MLRSA) isolates by transmission electron microscopy to correlate the association of resistance mechanisms with major changes in the morphology of membrane or septum. Materials and methods MSSA, MRSA, and MLRSA strains obtained from clinical samples of an outbreak that occurred in 2010 at the Intensive Care Unit of our Hospital were thawed and sown at 37°C in blood agar overnight. After that, they were washed, pelleted, and treated with a fixer solution. Pellets were dehydrated and finally embedded in resin. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize cell wall and septum thickening in all isolates. The comparison between the measurements obtained for each group was performed by a Kruskal–Wallis test and a post hoc Dunn–Bonferroni’s pairwise comparison method. Results Differences in cell wall and septum thickness were statistically significant (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) between the three groups. Moreover, significant differences were detected in wall and septum thickness between the MSSA and MRSA strains (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) and between the MSSA and MLRSA strains (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) but not between the MRSA and MLRSA strains (P=0.386 and P=0.117). Conclusion In this analysis, we correlate the resistance mediated by alterations in the cell membrane of S. aureus (methicillin-resistant, for example) with a greater thickness of the wall or septum. The resistance added to linezolid did not determine significant changes in the characteristics of the wall or septum with respect to those strains resistant only to methicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén García
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura López-González
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Candel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Sheppard JG, McAleer JP, Saralkar P, Geldenhuys WJ, Long TE. Allicin-inspired pyridyl disulfides as antimicrobial agents for multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1185-1195. [PMID: 29126733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A chemical library comprised of nineteen synthesized pyridyl disulfides that emulate the chemical reactivity of allicin (garlic) was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacteria. Gram-positive species including vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA, VRSA) demonstrated the highest level of susceptibility toward analogs with S-alkyl chains of 7-9 carbons in length. Further biological studies revealed that the disulfides display synergy with vancomycin against VRSA, cause dispersal of S. aureus biofilms, exhibit low cytotoxicity, and decelerate S. aureus metabolism. In final analysis, pyridyl disulfides represent a novel class of mechanism-based antibacterial agents that have a potential application as antibiotic adjuvants in combination therapy of S. aureus infections with reduced vancomycin susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan G Sheppard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jeremy P McAleer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Pushkar Saralkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
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Long TE. Repurposing Thiram and Disulfiram as Antibacterial Agents for Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e00898-17. [PMID: 28674046 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00898-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiram and disulfiram were evaluated as antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Against a 30-member panel comprised of vancomycin-susceptible, vancomycin-intermediate, and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus strains, the MIC90 values of the respective test agents were 4 and 16 μg/ml. Additional analyses revealed that thiram and disulfiram are rapid-acting bacteriostatic agents with narrow, Gram-positive-bacterium spectrum activity. Synergy studies further determined that disulfiram increases the vancomycin susceptibility of three clinical vancomycin-resistant S. aureus strains in vitro, thus establishing a potential use in combination therapy.
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Kumari R, Chandra Saha B. Advances in the management of thyroid eye diseases: An overview. Int Ophthalmol 2018; 38:2247-55. [PMID: 28822031 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid eye disease (TED) remains a notorious ailment for both patients and the treating ophthalmologists. Recent years have witnessed considerable research in the immunopathogenic mechanism of TED that has resulted in an expansion and modification of the available management options. AIM Purpose of this review is to summarise the advances in the management of thyroid ophthalmopathy. MATERIAL AND METHOD A thorough literature search and of the past 10 years web search with words Thyroid ophthalmopathy, recent, advances. RESULTS Recent VISA classification and new serum markers seem to have potential to give diagnostic as well as therapeutic guidance, gauge treatment response and even identify risk of disease progression. Majority of TED patients can be managed conservatively due to its self-limiting nature but if indicated, still steroids are the preferable medical therapy; however, there is an increasing consensus towards the use of parenteral form as compared to the oral one on account of greater efficacy with lesser side effects. Steroid sparing medications, for example, rituximab, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, teprotumumab, tocilizumab, tanshinone, are showing encouraging results and form an area of active research. CONCLUSION Radiation therapy remains as an adjunctive modality in active diseases as a nonmedical treatment for TED with some promising data. Surgical intervention may be required in vision threatening conditions or to counteract the sequel of inflammatory phase. Advances in surgical techniques like stereotactic image-guided balanced orbital decompression with endoscopic approach ensure meticulous dissection with minimal trauma.
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Kleinert F, Kallies R, Hort M, Zweynert A, Szekat C, Nagel M, Bierbaum G. Influence of IS 256 on Genome Variability and Formation of Small-Colony Variants in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e00144-17. [PMID: 28584147 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00144-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has acquired resistance to nearly all antibiotics used in clinical practice. Whereas some resistance mechanisms are conferred by uptake of resistance genes, others evolve by mutation. In this study, IS256 has been shown to play a role, e.g., in S. aureus strains displaying intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA). To characterize the IS256 insertion sites in the genomes of two closely related sequence type 247 (ST247) VISA strains, all insertions were mapped in both VISA and a susceptible control strain. The results showed that the three ST247 strains contained the highest number so far of IS256 insertions for all sequenced S. aureus strains. Furthermore, in contrast to the case with the other IS elements in these genomes, the IS256 insertion sites were not identical in the closely related strains, indicating a high transposition frequency of IS256 When IS256 was introduced into a laboratory strain which was then cultured in the presence of antibiotics, it was possible to isolate small-colony variants (SCVs) that possessed IS256 insertions in guaA and hemY that displayed increased resistance to vancomycin and aminoglycosides, respectively. For these clones, a very rapid reversion to the wild type that resembled the fast reversion of clinical SCVs was observed. The reversion was caused by excision of IS256 in a small number of fast-growing clones that quickly outcompeted the SCVs in broth cultures. In conclusion, the presence of IS256 confers a strong genomic plasticity that is useful for adaptation to antibiotic stress.
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McGuinness WA, Malachowa N, DeLeo FR. Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
. Yale J Biol Med 2017; 90:269-281. [PMID: 28656013 PMCID: PMC5482303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of Staphylococcus aureus during the modern antibiotic era has been delineated by distinct strain emergence events, many of which include acquisition of antibiotic resistance. The relative high burden of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in healthcare and community settings is a major concern worldwide. Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic that inhibits cell wall biosynthesis, remains a drug of choice for treatment of severe MRSA infections. S. aureus strains exhibiting increased resistance to vancomycin, known as vancomycin intermediate-resistant S. aureus (VISA) (MIC = 4-8 µg/mL), were discovered in the 1990s. The molecular basis of resistance in VISA is polygenic and involves stepwise mutations in genes encoding molecules predominantly involved in cell envelope biosynthesis. S. aureus isolates with complete resistance to vancomycin (MIC ≥ 16 µg/mL) are termed vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA)-they were first reported in the U.S. in 2002. Resistance in VRSA is conferred by the vanA gene and operon, which is present on a plasmid. Although treatment of VRSA infections is challenging, the total number of human VRSA infections to date is limited (14 in the U.S.). By comparison, the burden of VISA is relatively high and the molecular mechanisms of resistance are less well-defined. VISA are associated with persistent infections, vancomycin treatment failure, and poor clinical outcomes. Here, we review in brief progress made toward understanding the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms underlying vancomycin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank R. DeLeo
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Frank R. DeLeo, Ph.D., Tel.: 406-363-9315,
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