1
|
Chen Q, Sun M, Han X, Xu H, Liu Y. Structural determinants specific for retromer protein sorting nexin 5 in regulating subcellular retrograde membrane trafficking. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:492-506. [PMID: 37964759 PMCID: PMC10687533 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal trafficking of signaling membrane proteins, such as receptors, transporters and channels, is mediated by the retromer-mediated sorting machinery, composed of a cargo-selective vacuolar protein sorting trimer and a membrane-deforming subunit of sorting nexin proteins. Recent studies have shown that the isoforms, sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) and SNX6, have played distinctive regulatory roles in retrograde membrane trafficking. However, the molecular insight determined functional differences within the proteins remains unclear. We reported that SNX5 and SNX6 had distinct binding affinity to the cargo protein vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). SNX5, but not SNX6, specifically interacted with VMAT2 through the Phox domain, which contains an alpha-helix binding motif. Using chimeric mutagenesis, we identified that several key residues within this domain were unique in SNX5, but not SNX6, and played an auxiliary role in its binding to VMAT2. Importantly, we generated a set of mutant SNX6, in which the corresponding key residues were mutated to those in SNX5. In addition to the gain in binding affinity to VMAT2, their overexpression functionally rescued the altered retrograde trafficking of VMAT2 induced by siRNA-mediated depletion of SNX5. These data strongly suggest that SNX5 and SNX6 have different functions in retrograde membrane trafficking, which is determined by the different structural elements within the Phox domain of two proteins. Our work provides a new information on the role of SNX5 and SNX6 in the molecular regulation of retrograde membrane trafficking and vesicular membrane targeting in monoamine neurotransmission and neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, and Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Meiheng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, and Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, and Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, and Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, and Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qian J, Chen C, Zhao C, Xu X, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Qian C. Hsa_circRNA_0084043 promoting tumorigenesis in glioma through miR-577 sponging. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19219. [PMID: 37662721 PMCID: PMC10469075 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in the development of multiple human diseases, especially cancers. circRNA_0084043 is significantly involved in the progression of melanoma. However, whether circRNA_0084043 is associated with glioma remains unknown. In this study, the upregulation of circRNA_0084043 in glioma and the association between circRNA_0084043 and glioma grade were identified. Our results showed that circRNA_0084043 is significantly involved in the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of glioma cells. The results obtained from starBase, luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation assays, and RNA pull-down assays demonstrated that circRNA_0084043 acts as a direct sponge for miR-577. TargetScan algorithm was used to identify potential miR-577 targets, it was found that sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) is a candidate bound to miR-577. Finally, cell experiments testified that circRNA_0084043 enhanced growth, migration and invasion of glioma through the regulation of miR-577-mediated SNX5. Taken together, we concluded that circRNA_0084043 in the miR-577/SNX5 axis can be used as a candidate target for glioma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuancheng People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuancheng Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuancheng People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuancheng Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuancheng People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuancheng Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Yingna Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuancheng People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuancheng Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuancheng People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuancheng Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Xuancheng, Anhui, China
| | - Chunfa Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z. Overexpression of lncRNA HOXA-AS2 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by mediating SNX5 expression. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:59. [PMID: 36528556 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers. Long non-coding RNA HOXA-AS2 (lncRNA HOXA-AS2) have been extensively studied in various cancers. However, the expression and function of HOXA-AS2 in OSCC still remain unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of HOXA-AS2 in OSCC. METHODS OSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from OSCC patients. RT-qPCR and Western blot assays were used to detect the expression of target genes in OSCC tissues or cells. Cells proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 and transwell assays, respectively. The target gene of HOXA-AS2 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS We found that HOXA-AS2 expression was remarkably upregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. The downregulation of HOXA-AS2 inhibited cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Our bioinformatics analysis found that HOXA-AS2 can target miR-520c-3p, which was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression of HOXA-AS2 was found to be negatively associated with miR-520c-3p in OSCC tissues. Moreover, sorting nexin 5 (SNX5), a downstream target of miR-520c-3p, was inhibited by miR-520c-3p overexpression. SNX5 was also increased in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Additionally, we found that the higher expression of SNX5 was strongly associated with the tumor grade of OSCC patients in Oncomine database. Most importantly, the knockdown of HOXA-AS2 induced cells apoptosis by promoting autophagy by regulating SNX5. CONCLUSION HOXA-AS2 served an oncogene and promoted OSCC progression via the miR-520c-3p/SNX5 axis. Thus, HOXA-AS2 may be a new biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie S, Dierlam C, Smith E, Duran R, Williams A, Davis A, Mathew D, Naslavsky N, Iyer J, Caplan S. The retromer complex regulates C. elegans development and mammalian ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259396. [PMID: 35510502 PMCID: PMC9189432 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retromer consists of subunits VPS26 (either VPS26A or VPS26B), VPS29 and VPS35, and a loosely associated sorting nexin (SNX) heterodimer or a variety of other SNX proteins. Despite involvement in yeast and mammalian cell trafficking, the role of retromer in development is poorly understood, and its impact on primary ciliogenesis remains unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, we demonstrate that vps-26-knockout worms have reduced brood sizes, impaired vulval development and decreased body length, all of which have been linked to ciliogenesis defects. Although preliminary studies did not identify worm ciliary defects, and impaired development limited additional ciliogenesis studies, we turned to mammalian cells to investigate the role of retromer in ciliogenesis. VPS35 localized to the primary cilium of mammalian cells, and depletion of VPS26, VPS35, VPS29, SNX1, SNX2, SNX5 or SNX27 led to decreased ciliogenesis. Retromer also coimmunoprecipitated with the centriolar protein, CP110 (also known as CCP110), and was required for its removal from the mother centriole. Herein, we characterize new roles for retromer in C. elegans development and in the regulation of ciliogenesis in mammalian cells, suggesting a novel role for retromer in CP110 removal from the mother centriole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Carter Dierlam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Ellie Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Ramon Duran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Allana Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Angelina Davis
- School of Science and Mathematics, Tulsa Community College, Tulsa, OK 74115, USA
| | - Danita Mathew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jyoti Iyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Q, Li J, Ge C, Chen J, Tian W, Tian H. SNX5 suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by inducing CD44 internalization and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:87-100. [PMID: 35024436 PMCID: PMC8717386 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of SNX5 can contribute to tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis of several human cancers. However, the clinicopathological and biological significance of SNX5 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unclear. In this study, we found that SNX5 expression was downregulated and negatively correlated with tumor size, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, tumor thrombus of inferior vena cava, and poor prognosis in human ccRCC. Ectopic expression of SNX5 inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas knockdown of SNX5 increased these activities both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, overexpression of SNX5 blocked internalization and intracellular trafficking of CD44 in ccRCC cells. Knockdown of SNX5 was associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ccRCC cells. Overexpression of SNX5 inhibited TGF-β-induced migration, invasion, and EMT in ccRCC cells. KLF9 directly bound to the SNX5 promoter and increased SNX5 transcription. Moreover, we found that the combination of SNX5 and CD44 or E-cadherin or KLF9 was a more powerful predictor of poor prognosis than either parameter alone. Collectively, our data reveal a mechanism that KLF9-mediated SNX5 expression was associated with poor prognosis via trafficking of CD44 and promoting EMT in ccRCC. SNX5 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Si W, Huang Z, Li X, Zhao L, Ji Y, Li H, Liu X, Ye S, Chen D, Liu H, Kuang W, Zhu M. Super-enhancer-driven Sorting Nexin 5 expression promotes dopaminergic neuronal ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 567:35-41. [PMID: 34134000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Recent studies revealed that the ferroptosis pathway is involved in the death process of dopaminergic neurons in PD. The aberrant endosomal sorting pathway, which results in aberrant iron level in eukaryotic cells, may serve a role in the ferroptosis pathway in PD condition. However, its specific molecular mechanisms remained unclear. In the present study, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, the rank ordering of super-enhancers (ROSE) algorithm, and RNA interference (RNAi) to explore the regulatory mechanism of PD-specific super-enhancer (SE) in the endosomal sorting pathway and ferroptosis pathway of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and cells. The ChIP assay and ROSE algorithm results showed that there are specific SEs expression in 6-OHDA-lesioned SNc of PD rats, and the most significant expression gene is Sorting Nexin 5 (SNX5). SNX5 silencing by RNAi experiments significantly decreased the level of ferroptosis in 6-OHDA-lesioned PC12 cells, suggesting the correlation between the SNX5, ferroptosis, and PD. In conclusion, this study investigated the mechanism by which PD-specific SE driven SNX5 promoted the ferroptosis level in PD models. This study further improved the understanding of the mechanism of ferroptosis during PD injury and provided potential therapeutic targets and clinical diagnostic markers in PD condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Si
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zifeng Huang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yichun Ji
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Shenzhen, China
| | - Hang Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuelei Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanyu Ye
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Helu Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evans AJ, Daly JL, Anuar ANK, Simonetti B, Cullen PJ. Acute inactivation of retromer and ESCPE-1 leads to time-resolved defects in endosomal cargo sorting. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/15/jcs246033. [PMID: 32747499 PMCID: PMC7420817 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human retromer, a heterotrimer of VPS26 (VPS26A or VPS26B), VPS35 and VPS29, orchestrates the endosomal retrieval of internalised cargo and promotes their cell surface recycling, a prototypical cargo being the glucose transporter GLUT1 (also known as SLC2A1). The role of retromer in the retrograde sorting of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR, also known as IGF2R) from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network remains controversial. Here, by applying knocksideways technology, we develop a method for acute retromer inactivation. While retromer knocksideways in HeLa and H4 human neuroglioma cells resulted in time-resolved defects in cell surface sorting of GLUT1, we failed to observe a quantifiable defect in CI-MPR sorting. In contrast, knocksideways of the ESCPE-1 complex – a key regulator of retrograde CI-MPR sorting – revealed time-resolved defects in CI-MPR sorting. Together, these data are consistent with a comparatively limited role for retromer in ESCPE-1-mediated CI-MPR retrograde sorting, and establish a methodology for acute retromer and ESCPE-1 inactivation that will aid the time-resolved dissection of their functional roles in endosomal cargo sorting. Summary: Retromer, a master controller of endosomal cargo sorting, is deregulated in neurodegenerative disease. Here, we develop and apply a retromer knocksideways methodology to quantify endosomal cargo sorting upon acute perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Evans
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - James L Daly
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anis N K Anuar
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Boris Simonetti
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Chen T, Xie T, Yang YX, He TS, Xu LG. SNX5 inhibits RLR-mediated antiviral signaling by targeting RIG-I-VISA signalosome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:889-896. [PMID: 31806368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Upon invading the cell, the viral RNA is recognized by the RIG-I receptor located in the cytoplasm, causing the RIG-I receptor to be activated. The activated RIG-I receptor transmits downstream antiviral signals by interacting with the adaptor protein VISA located on the mitochondria, leading to the production of type Ⅰ interferons and crude inflammatory cytokine genes. Although there have been many studies on antiviral signal transduction of RIG-I receptors in recent years, the mechanism of RIG-I-VISA-mediated antiviral regulation is still not fully understood. In this study, we identified SNX5 as a negative regulator of RLR-mediated antiviral signaling. Our results show that overexpression of SNX5 inhibits viral-induced activation of the IFN-β promoter, ISRE, NF-κB, and IRF3, whereas RNAi knockdown of SNX5 expression shows opposite results. We also found that overexpression of SNX5 enhanced RIG-I's K48 ubiquitination and attenuated its K63 ubiquitination, resulting in inhibition of virus-induced RIG-I expression. Besides, further studies show that SNX5 overexpression weakens the interaction between VISA and TRAF2/5. Our findings suggest that SNX5 negatively regulates RLR-mediated antiviral signaling by targeting the RIG-I-VISA signalosome and provide new evidence for the negative regulation of RIG-I-mediated innate immune response mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Ya-Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Tian-Sheng He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Liang-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cai J, Sun M, Hu B, Windle B, Ge X, Li G, Sun Y. Sorting Nexin 5 Controls Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Modulating FBW7. J Cancer 2019; 10:2942-2952. [PMID: 31281471 PMCID: PMC6590026 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide. Long-term survival rates in patients with HNSCC have not increased significantly in the past 30 years. Therefore, looking for novel molecular targets that control HNSCC progression is urgently required to improve the treatment of HNSCC. Here, we identified Sorting Nexin 5 (SNX5) as a new regulator that plays an oncogenic function in HNSCC progression. Analyzing HNSCC patients' data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicates that the expression levels of SNX5 in HNSCC are significantly elevated compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, higher SNX5 expression correlates with a worse prognosis for HNSCC patients. These results suggest that SNX5 has an oncogenic role. Consistently, loss of SNX5 in HNSCC cells dramatically reduces colony formation and significantly decreases tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. SNX5 interacts with the tumor suppressor F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBW7), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates ubiquitination and degradation of oncoproteins such as c-Myc, NOTCH1, and Cyclin E1. By interacting with FBW7, SNX5 inhibits FBW7-mediated oncoproteins ubiquitination. In this way, SNX5 decreases the FBW7-mediated oncoproteins degradation to promote HNSCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Cai
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Cancer Mouse Models Developing Shared Resource Core, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Brad Windle
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Li
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang F, Li N, Yan K, Huang Y, Xu H, Liu Y. Luminal/extracellular domains of chimeric CI-M6PR-C proteins interfere with their retrograde endosome-to-TGN trafficking in the transient expression system. J Biomed Res 2018; 32:245-256. [PMID: 29988026 PMCID: PMC6117607 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane trafficking of cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomal compartments is not only critical for maintaining lysosomal function but also a well-known event for understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms in retrograde endosome-to-TGN trafficking. Although it has been well established in literature that the C-terminus of bovine CI-M6PR determines its retrograde trafficking, it remains unclear whether the luminal domain of the protein plays a role on these sorting events. In this study, we found that partial deletion of luminal domain of human CI-M6PR mistargeted the mutant protein to non-TGN compartments. Moreover, replacing the luminal domain of both bovine and human CI-M6PR with that from irrelevant membrane proteins such as CD8 or Tac also altered the TGN targeting of the chimeric proteins. On the other hand, only short sequence from HA fused with the transmembrane domain and C-terminus of the receptor, HA-hCI-M6PR-tail, resulted in its preferential targeting to TGN as for the full length receptor, strongly suggesting that sorting of the receptor may be influenced by luminal sequence. Furthermore, using this luminal truncated form of HA-hCI-M6PR as a model cargo, we found that the trafficking of the chimeric protein was regulated by the retromer complex through interacting with SNX5. In conclusion, our study strongly suggested that the disrupted luminal domain from hCI-M6PR or other irrelevant membrane proteins interfere with the process of membrane trafficking and TGN targeting of CI-M6PR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chang
- . Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Na Li
- . Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Kang Yan
- . Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- . Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- . Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- . Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
,. Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
,Corresponding author: Dr. Yongjian Liu, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplanation, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, Tel: +86-25-86869442,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lim JP, Gosavi P, Mintern JD, Ross EM, Gleeson PA. Sorting nexin 5 selectively regulates dorsal-ruffle-mediated macropinocytosis in primary macrophages. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4407-19. [PMID: 26459636 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.174359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of macropinocytosis, a specialised endocytosis pathway, is important for immune cell function. However, it is not known whether the biogenesis of macropinosomes involves one or more distinct pathways. We previously identified sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) as a regulator of macropinocytosis in macrophages. Here, we show that bone-marrow-derived macrophages from SNX5-knockout mice had a 60-70% reduction in macropinocytic uptake of dextran or ovalbumin, whereas phagocytosis and retrograde transport from the plasma membrane to the Golgi was unaffected. In contrast, deficiency of SNX5 had no effect on macropinocytosis or antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Activation of macrophages with CSF-1 resulted in a localisation of SNX5 to actin-rich ruffles in a manner dependent on receptor tyrosine kinases. SNX5-deficient macrophages showed a dramatic reduction in ruffling on the dorsal surface following CSF-1 receptor activation, whereas peripheral ruffling and cell migration were unaffected. We demonstrate that SNX5 is acting upstream of actin polymerisation following CSF-1 receptor activation. Overall, our findings reveal the important contribution of dorsal ruffing to receptor-activated macropinocytosis in primary macrophages and show that SNX5 selectively regulates macropinosomes derived from the dorsal ruffles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jet Phey Lim
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ellen M Ross
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs) have distinct cellular targeting, allowing for site-specific synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] to activate specific signaling cascades required for cellular processes. Several C-terminal splice variants of PIPKIγ (also known as PIP5K1C) exist, and have been implicated in a multitude of cellular roles. PI(4,5)P2 serves as a fundamental regulator of E-cadherin transport, and PI(4,5)P2-generating enzymes are important signaling relays in these pathways. We present evidence that the isoform 5 splice variant of PIPKIγ (PIPKIγi5) associates with E-cadherin and promotes its lysosomal degradation. Additionally, we show that the endosomal trafficking proteins SNX5 and SNX6 associate with PIPKIγi5 and inhibit PIPKIγi5-mediated E-cadherin degradation. Following HGF stimulation, activated Src directly phosphorylates PIPKIγi5. Phosphorylation of the PIPKIγi5 C-terminus regulates its association with SNX5 and, consequently, E-cadherin degradation. Additionally, this PIPKIγi5-mediated pathway requires Rab7 to promote degradation of internalized E-cadherin. Taken together, the data indicate that PIPKIγi5 and SNX5 are crucial regulators of E-cadherin sorting and degradation. PIPKIγi5, SNX and phosphoinositide regulation of lysosomal sorting represent a novel area of PI(4,5)P2 signaling and research. PIPKIγi5 regulation of E-cadherin sorting for degradation might have broad implications in development and tissue maintenance, and enhanced PIPKIγi5 function might have pathogenic consequences due to downregulation of E-cadherin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Schill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrew C Hedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Suyong Choi
- Program in Cellular & Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Lim JP, Teasdale RD, Gleeson PA. SNX5 is essential for efficient macropinocytosis and antigen processing in primary macrophages. Biol Open 2012; 1:904-14. [PMID: 23213485 PMCID: PMC3507233 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis mediates the bulk endocytosis of solute molecules, nutrients and antigens. As this endocytic pathway is considered important in functions associated with immune responses, the molecular mechanisms regulating this pathway in immune cells is of particular significance. However, the regulators of macropinocytosis in primary cells remain poorly defined. Members of the sorting nexin (SNX) family have been implicated in macropinosome biogenesis in cultured cells and here we have analyzed the role of two SNX family members, SNX1 and its binding partner SNX5, in macropinocytosis of mouse primary macrophages. We show that endogenous SNX1 and SNX5 are localised to newly-formed macropinosomes in primary mouse macrophages and, moreover, demonstrate that SNX5 plays an essential role in macropinosome biogenesis. Depletion of SNX5 in bone marrow-derived macrophages dramatically decreased both the number and size of macropinosomes. Depletion of SNX5 also resulted in dramatic reduction in uptake and processing of soluble ovalbumin in macrophages, indicating that the majority of antigen uptake and delivery to late endosomes is via macropinocytosis. By contrast, the absence of SNX1 had no effect on endogenous SNX5 localisation and macropinosome biogenesis using macrophages from SNX1 knockout mice. Therefore, SNX5 can function independently of SNX1 and is a modulator of macropinocytosis that influences the uptake and processing of soluble antigen in primary mouse macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jet Phey Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|