1
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Puuvuori E, Chiodaroli E, Estrada S, Cheung P, Lubenow N, Sigfridsson J, Romelin H, Ingvast S, Elgland M, Liggieri F, Korsgren O, Perchiazzi G, Eriksson O, Antoni G. PET Imaging of Neutrophil Elastase with 11C-GW457427 in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Pigs. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:423-429. [PMID: 36109184 PMCID: PMC10071803 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, there is a lack of clinically available imaging techniques to detect and quantify specific immune cell populations. Neutrophils are one of the first immune cells at the site of inflammation, and they secrete the serine protease neutrophil elastase (NE), which is crucial in the fight against pathogens. However, the prolonged lifespan of neutrophils increases the risk that patients will develop severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we evaluated the novel radiolabeled NE inhibitor 11C-GW457427 in a pig model of ARDS, for detection and quantification of neutrophil activity in the lungs. Methods: ARDS was induced by intravenous administration of oleic acid to 5 farm pigs, and 4 were considered healthy controls. The severity of ARDS was monitored by clinical parameters of lung function and plasma biomarkers. Each pig was studied with 11C-GW457427 and PET/CT, before and after pretreatment with the NE inhibitor GW311616 to determine in vivo binding specificity. PET image data were analyzed as SUVs and correlated with immunohistochemical staining for NE in biopsies. Results: The binding of 11C-GW457427 was increased in pig lungs with induced ARDS (median SUVmean, 1.91; interquartile range [IQR], 1.67-2.55) compared with healthy control pigs (P < 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively; median SUVmean, 1.04; IQR, 0.66-1.47). The binding was especially strong in lung regions with high levels of NE and ongoing inflammation, as verified by immunohistochemistry. The binding was successfully blocked by pretreatment of an NE inhibitor drug, which demonstrated the in vivo specificity of 11C-GW457427 (P < 0.05 and P = 0.04, respectively; median SUVmean, 0.60; IQR, 0.58-0.77). The binding in neutrophil-rich tissues such as bone marrow (P < 0.05 and P = 0.04, respectively; baseline median SUVmean, 5.01; IQR, 4.48-5.49; block median SUVmean, 1.57; IQR, 0.95-1.85) and spleen (median SUVmean, 2.14; IQR, 1.19-2.36) was also high in all pigs. Conclusion: 11C-GW457427 binds to NE in a porcine model of oleic acid-induced lung inflammation in vivo, with a specific increase in regional lung, bone marrow, and spleen SUV. 11C-GW457427 is a promising tool for localizing, tracking, and quantifying neutrophil-facilitated inflammation in clinical diagnostics and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Puuvuori
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Chiodaroli
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sergio Estrada
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pierre Cheung
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norbert Lubenow
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Jonathan Sigfridsson
- PET Center, Center for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hampus Romelin
- PET Center, Center for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofie Ingvast
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Mathias Elgland
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- PET Center, Center for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesco Liggieri
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Gaetano Perchiazzi
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
- PET Center, Center for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Zhang J, Liu X, Su Y, Li T. An update on T2-toxins: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism and human assessment exposure of intestinal microbiota. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10012. [PMID: 35928103 PMCID: PMC9344027 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are naturally produced secondary metabolites or low molecular organic compounds produced by fungus with high diversification, which cause mycotoxicosis (food contamination) in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is simply one of the metabolites belonging to fungi trichothecene mycotoxin. Specifically, Trichothecenes-2 (T-2) mycotoxin of genus fusarium is considered one of the most hotspot agricultural commodities and carcinogenic compounds worldwide. There are well-known examples of salmonellosis in mice and pigs, necrotic enteritis in chickens, catfish enteric septicemia and colibacillosis in pigs as T-2 toxic agent. On the other hand, it has shown a significant reduction in the Salmonella population's aptitude in the pig intestinal tract. Although the impact of the excess Fusarium contaminants on humans in creating infectious illness is less well-known, some toxins are harmful; for example, salmonellosis and colibacillosis have been frequently observed in humans. More than 20 different metabolites are synthesized and excreted after ingestion, but the T-2 toxin is one of the most protuberant metabolites. Less absorption of mycotoxins in intestinal tract results in biotransformation of toxic metabolites into less toxic variants. In addition to these, effects of microbiota on harmful mycotoxins are not limited to intestinal tract, it may harm the other human vital organs. However, detoxification of microbiota is considered as an alternative way to decontaminate the feed for both animals and humans. These transformations of toxic metabolites depend upon the formation of metabolites. This study is complete in all perspectives regarding interactions between microbiota and mycotoxins, their mechanism and practical applications based on experimental studies.
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3
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Teuben MPJ, Heeres M, Blokhuis T, Spijkerman R, Knot E, Vrisekoop N, Pfeifer R, Pape HC, Koenderman L, Leenen LPH. Shift of Neutrophils From Blood to Bone Marrow Upon Extensive Experimental Trauma Surgery. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883863. [PMID: 35655784 PMCID: PMC9152003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extensive trauma surgery evokes an immediate cellular immune response including altered circulatory neutrophil numbers. The concurrent bone marrow (BM) response however is currently unclear. We hypothesize that these BM changes include (1) a relative reduction of the bone marrow neutrophil fraction and (2) increasing heterogeneity of the bone marrow neutrophil pool due to (3) the appearance of aged/returning neutrophils from circulation into the BM-compartment. Materials and Methods Eight pigs were included in a standardized extensive trauma surgery model. Blood and bone marrow samples were collected at baseline and after 3 hours of ongoing trauma surgery. Leukocyte and subtype counts and cell surface receptor expression levels were studied by flow cytometry. Results All animals survived the interventions. A significant drop in circulating neutrophil counts from 9.3 to 3.2x106 cells/ml (P=0.001) occurred after intervention, whereas circulatory neutrophil cell surface expression of CD11b increased. The concurrent bone marrow response included an increase of the BM neutrophil fraction from 63 ± 3 to 71 ± 3 percent (P<0.05). Simultaneously, the BM neutrophil pool became increasingly mature with a relative increase of a CXCR4high-neutrophil subtype that was virtually absent at baseline. Conclusion The current study shows a shift in composition of the BM neutrophil pool during extensive trauma surgery that was associated with a relatively circulatory neutropenia. More specifically, under these conditions BM neutrophils were more mature than under homeostatic conditions and a CXCR4high-neutrophil subset became overrepresented possibly reflecting remigration of aged neutrophils to the BM. These findings may contribute to the development of novel interventions aimed to modify the trauma-induced immune response in the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel P J Teuben
- Department of Trauma, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marjolein Heeres
- Department of Trauma, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Taco Blokhuis
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roy Spijkerman
- Department of Trauma, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Knot
- Department of Trauma, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Leo Koenderman
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luke P H Leenen
- Department of Trauma, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Huang SUS, O’Sullivan KM. The Expanding Role of Extracellular Traps in Inflammation and Autoimmunity: The New Players in Casting Dark Webs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073793. [PMID: 35409152 PMCID: PMC8998317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The first description of a new form of neutrophil cell death distinct from that of apoptosis or necrosis was discovered in 2004 and coined neutrophil extracellular traps "(NETs)" or "NETosis". Different stimuli for NET formation, and pathways that drive neutrophils to commit to NETosis have been elucidated in the years that followed. Critical enzymes required for NET formation have been discovered and targeted therapeutically. NET formation is no longer restricted to neutrophils but has been discovered in other innate cells: macrophages/monocytes, mast Cells, basophils, dendritic cells, and eosinophils. Furthermore, extracellular DNA can also be extruded from both B and T cells. It has become clear that although this mechanism is thought to enhance host defense by ensnaring bacteria within large webs of DNA to increase bactericidal killing capacity, it is also injurious to innocent bystander tissue. Proteases and enzymes released from extracellular traps (ETs), injure epithelial and endothelial cells perpetuating inflammation. In the context of autoimmunity, ETs release over 70 well-known autoantigens. ETs are associated with pathology in multiple diseases: lung diseases, vasculitis, autoimmune kidney diseases, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and psoriasis. Defining these pathways that drive ET release will provide insight into mechanisms of pathological insult and provide potential therapeutic targets.
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5
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Shirakawa K, Kobayashi E, Ichihara G, Kitakata H, Katsumata Y, Sugai K, Hakamata Y, Sano M. H 2 Inhibits the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:146-161. [PMID: 35257042 PMCID: PMC8897170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NETs have been implicated as therapeutic targets to address inflammation and thrombotic tissue damage in conditions such as sepsis, acute respiratory disease syndrome, COVID-19, and CVDs. H2 has been clinically and experimentally proven to ameliorate inflammation; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Compared with control neutrophils, PMA-stimulated human neutrophils exposed to H2 exhibited reduced citrullination of histones and release of NET components; mechanistically, H2-mediated neutralization of HOCl produced during oxidative bursts suppresses DNA damage. Inhalation of H2 inhibited the formation and release of NET components in the blood and BAL of the LPS-induced sepsis in mice and aged mini pigs. H2 therapy is potentially a new therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases involving NETs associated with excessive neutrophil activation.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to inflammatory pathogenesis in numerous conditions, including infectious and cardiovascular diseases, and have attracted attention as potential therapeutic targets. H2 acts as an antioxidant and has been clinically and experimentally proven to ameliorate inflammation. This study was performed to investigate whether H2 could inhibit NET formation and excessive neutrophil activation. Neutrophils isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or the calcium ionophore A23187 in H2-exposed or control media. Compared with control neutrophils, PMA- or A23187-stimulated human neutrophils exposed to H2 exhibited reduced neutrophil aggregation, citrullination of histones, membrane disruption by chromatin complexes, and release of NET components. CXCR4high neutrophils are highly prone to NETs, and H2 suppressed Ser-139 phosphorylation in H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, thereby suppressing the induction of CXCR4 expression. H2 suppressed both myeloperoxidase chlorination activity and production of reactive oxygen species to the same degree as N-acetylcysteine and ascorbic acid, while showing a more potent ability to inhibit NET formation than these antioxidants do in PMA-stimulated neutrophils. Although A23187 formed NETs in a reactive oxygen species–independent manner, H2 inhibited A23187-induced NET formation, probably via direct inhibition of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4-mediated histone citrullination. Inhalation of H2 inhibited the formation and release of NET components in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in animal models of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis (mice and aged mini pigs). Thus, H2 therapy can be a novel therapeutic strategy for NETs associated with excessive neutrophil activation.
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Key Words
- BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- CitH3, citrullinated histone H3
- H2
- HOCl, hypochlorous acid
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine
- NET, neutrophil extracellular trap
- PA, pulmonary artery
- PADI4, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4
- PMA, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- dsDNA, double-stranded DNA
- neutrophil extracellular traps
- phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Molecular Hydrogen Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Center for Molecular Hydrogen Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Organ Fabrication, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genki Ichihara
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitakata
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katsumata
- Center for Molecular Hydrogen Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sugai
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Hakamata
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Center for Molecular Hydrogen Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Neutrophils in Streptococcus suis Infection: From Host Defense to Pathology. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112392. [PMID: 34835517 PMCID: PMC8624082 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for economic losses to the porcine industry. Infected animals may develop meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, sepsis and/or sudden death. The pathogenesis of the infection implies that bacteria breach mucosal host barriers and reach the bloodstream, where they escape immune-surveillance mechanisms and spread throughout the organism. The clinical manifestations are mainly the consequence of an exacerbated inflammation, defined by an exaggerated production of cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. Among them, neutrophils arrive first in contact with the pathogens to combat the infection. Neutrophils initiate and maintain inflammation, by producing cytokines and deploying their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms. Furthermore, neutrophilic leukocytosis characterizes S. suis infection, and lesions of infected subjects contain a large number of neutrophils. Therefore, this cell type may play a role in host defense and/or in the exacerbated inflammation. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies addressed the role or functions of neutrophils in the context of S. suis infection. In this review, we will explore the literature about S. suis and neutrophils, from their interaction at a cellular level, to the roles and behaviors of neutrophils in the infected host in vivo.
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7
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Bertho N, Meurens F. The pig as a medical model for acquired respiratory diseases and dysfunctions: An immunological perspective. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:254-267. [PMID: 33933817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
By definition no model is perfect, and this also holds for biology and health sciences. In medicine, murine models are, and will be indispensable for long, thanks to their reasonable cost and huge choice of transgenic strains and molecular tools. On the other side, non-human primates remain the best animal models although their use is limited because of financial and obvious ethical reasons. In the field of respiratory diseases, specific clinical models such as sheep and cotton rat for bronchiolitis, or ferret and Syrian hamster for influenza and Covid-19, have been successfully developed, however, in these species, the toolbox for biological analysis remains scarce. In this view the porcine medical model is appearing as the third, intermediate, choice, between murine and primate. Herein we would like to present the pros and cons of pig as a model for acquired respiratory conditions, through an immunological point of view. Indeed, important progresses have been made in pig immunology during the last decade that allowed the precise description of immune molecules and cell phenotypes and functions. These progresses might allow the use of pig as clinical model of human respiratory diseases but also as a species of interest to perform basic research explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Meurens
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N5E3, Canada
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8
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Bréa D, Soler L, Fleurot I, Melo S, Chevaleyre C, Berri M, Labas V, Teixeira-Gomes AP, Pujo J, Cenac N, Bähr A, Klymiuk N, Guillon A, Si-Tahar M, Caballero I. Intrinsic alterations in peripheral neutrophils from cystic fibrosis newborn piglets. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:830-836. [PMID: 32165155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hallmark of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is a neutrophil dominated lung environment that is associated to chronic lung tissue destruction and ultimately the patient's death. It is unclear whether the exacerbated neutrophil response is primary related to a defective CFTR or rather secondary to chronic bacterial colonization and inflammation. Here, we hypothesized that CF peripheral blood neutrophils present intrinsic alteration at birth before the start of an inflammatory process. METHODS Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from newborn CFTR+/+ and CFTR-/- piglets. Neutrophils immunophenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry. Lipidomic and proteomic profile were characterized by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ICM-MS) followed by top-down high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), respectively. The ability of CF neutrophils to kill pseudomonas aeruginosa was also evaluated. RESULTS Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites analysis did not show any difference between CFTR+/+ and CFTR-/- neutrophils. On the other hand, a predictive mathematical model based on the ICM-MS proteomic profile was able to discriminate between both genotypes. Top-down proteomic analysis identified 19 m/z differentially abundant masses that corresponded mainly to proteins related to the antimicrobial response and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, no alteration in the ability of CFTR-/- neutrophils to kill pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro was observed. CONCLUSIONS ICM-MS demonstrated that CFTR-/- neutrophils present intrinsic alterations already at birth, before the presence of any infection or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Bréa
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100, Tours cedex, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laura Soler
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Fleurot
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sandrine Melo
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Mustapha Berri
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Valérie Labas
- INRA UMR85-CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; INRA, Plate-forme de Chirurgie et d'Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement (CIRE), Pôle d'Analyse et d'Imagerie des Biomolécules (PAIB), Nouzilly, France
| | - Ana-Paula Teixeira-Gomes
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France; INRA, Plate-forme de Chirurgie et d'Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement (CIRE), Pôle d'Analyse et d'Imagerie des Biomolécules (PAIB), Nouzilly, France
| | - Julien Pujo
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Gene Center and Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Gene Center and Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Antoine Guillon
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100, Tours cedex, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU Tours, service de médecine intensive réanimation, Tours, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100, Tours cedex, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
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9
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Blanc F, Prévost-Blondel A, Piton G, Bouguyon E, Leplat JJ, Andréoletti F, Egidy G, Bourneuf E, Bertho N, Vincent-Naulleau S. The Composition of Circulating Leukocytes Varies With Age and Melanoma Onset in the MeLiM Pig Biomedical Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32180771 PMCID: PMC7059855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological research in pigs benefits from many improvements with a direct impact on the veterinary control of pig husbandry and on biomedical models. We compiled the available knowledge to develop gating strategies to monitor simultaneously all blood immune cell types by multicolor flow cytometry in Melanoblastoma-bearing Libechov Minipigs (MeLiM). The MeLiM pig spontaneously develops cutaneous melanomas that regress few months later. We monitored lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets in 3 to 21 weeks old pigs. Interestingly, neutrophils, type III monocytes (CD163+ CD14+ MHC II-) and CD4- CD8α- T cells are less abundant in oldest animals in contrast to eosinophils, type II monocytes (CD163- CD14low MHC II+), B cells, γδ T cells, CD4+ CD8α+ and CD4- CD8α+ T cells. Melanoma occurrence led to changes in the blood cell composition. Higher proportions of NK cells, CD4+ and CD4+ CD8α+ T cells, and CD21- B cells among B cells are found in young melanoma-bearing piglets, consistent with the immune-mediated spontaneous regression in the MeLiM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fany Blanc
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,CEA, DSV/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Armelle Prévost-Blondel
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Piton
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,CEA, DSV/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Leplat
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,CEA, DSV/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabrice Andréoletti
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,CEA, DSV/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Giorgia Egidy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bourneuf
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,CEA, DSV/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,CEA, DSV/iRCM/SREIT/LCE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,BIOEPAR, INRAE, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Silvia Vincent-Naulleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,CEA, DSV/iRCM/SREIT/LREG, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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10
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Neumann A, Brogden G, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9020034. [PMID: 32085405 PMCID: PMC7168307 DOI: 10.3390/biology9020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery, in 2004, of extracellular traps released by neutrophils has extended our understanding of the mode of action of various innate immune cells. This fascinating discovery demonstrated the extracellular trapping and killing of various pathogens by neutrophils. During the last decade, evidence has accumulated showing that extracellular traps play a crucial role in the defence mechanisms of various cell types present in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. The aim of this review is to summarise the relevant literature on the evolutionary history of extracellular traps used as a weapon in various kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Neumann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Baravägen 27, 22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8787
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11
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Cellular Innate Immunity against PRRSV and Swine Influenza Viruses. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6010026. [PMID: 30862035 PMCID: PMC6466325 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a polymicrobial syndrome that results from a combination of infectious agents, such as environmental stressors, population size, management strategies, age, and genetics. PRDC results in reduced performance as well as increased mortality rates and production costs in the pig industry worldwide. This review focuses on the interactions of two enveloped RNA viruses—porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SwIV)—as major etiological agents that contribute to PRDC within the porcine cellular innate immunity during infection. The innate immune system of the porcine lung includes alveolar and parenchymal/interstitial macrophages, neutrophils (PMN), conventional dendritic cells (DC) and plasmacytoid DC, natural killer cells, and γδ T cells, thus the in vitro and in vivo interactions between those cells and PRRSV and SwIV are reviewed. Likewise, the few studies regarding PRRSV-SwIV co-infection are illustrated together with the different modulation mechanisms that are induced by the two viruses. Alterations in responses by natural killer (NK), PMN, or γδ T cells have not received much attention within the scientific community as their counterpart antigen-presenting cells and there are numerous gaps in the knowledge regarding the role of those cells in both infections. This review will help in paving the way for future directions in PRRSV and SwIV research and enhancing the understanding of the innate mechanisms that are involved during infection with these viruses.
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Katalan S, Falach R, Rosner A, Goldvaser M, Brosh-Nissimov T, Dvir A, Mizrachi A, Goren O, Cohen B, Gal Y, Sapoznikov A, Ehrlich S, Sabo T, Kronman C. A novel swine model of ricin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:173-183. [PMID: 28067630 PMCID: PMC5312011 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to the plant toxin ricin leads to respiratory insufficiency and death. To date, in-depth study of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following pulmonary exposure to toxins is hampered by the lack of an appropriate animal model. To this end, we established the pig as a large animal model for the comprehensive study of the multifarious clinical manifestations of pulmonary ricinosis. Here, we report for the first time, the monitoring of barometric whole body plethysmography for pulmonary function tests in non-anesthetized ricin-treated pigs. Up to 30 h post-exposure, as a result of progressing hypoxemia and to prevent carbon dioxide retention, animals exhibited a compensatory response of elevation in minute volume, attributed mainly to a large elevation in respiratory rate with minimal response in tidal volume. This response was followed by decompensation, manifested by a decrease in minute volume and severe hypoxemia, refractory to oxygen treatment. Radiological evaluation revealed evidence of early diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates while hemodynamic parameters remained unchanged, excluding cardiac failure as an explanation for respiratory insufficiency. Ricin-intoxicated pigs suffered from increased lung permeability accompanied by cytokine storming. Histological studies revealed lung tissue insults that accumulated over time and led to diffuse alveolar damage. Charting the decline in PaO2/FiO2 ratio in a mechanically ventilated pig confirmed that ricin-induced respiratory damage complies with the accepted diagnostic criteria for ARDS. The establishment of this animal model of pulmonary ricinosis should help in the pursuit of efficient medical countermeasures specifically tailored to deal with the respiratory deficiencies stemming from ricin-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahaf Katalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Reut Falach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Amir Rosner
- Veterinary Center for Preclinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Michael Goldvaser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Brosh-Nissimov
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, 5262160 Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ayana Dvir
- General Intensive Care Unit, Asaf Harofeh Medical Center, 70300 Zerifin, Israel
| | - Avi Mizrachi
- General Intensive Care Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, 7661041 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orr Goren
- Anesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care Division, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, 6093000 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Barak Cohen
- Anesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care Division, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, 6093000 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Gal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Anita Sapoznikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Ehrlich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tamar Sabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Chanoch Kronman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 7410001 Ness-Ziona, Israel
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Chevaleyre C, Riou M, Bréa D, Vandebrouck C, Barc C, Pezant J, Melo S, Olivier M, Delaunay R, Boulesteix O, Berthon P, Rossignol C, Burlaud Gaillard J, Becq F, Gauthier F, Si-Tahar M, Meurens F, Berri M, Caballero-Posadas I, Attucci S. The Pig: A Relevant Model for Evaluating the Neutrophil Serine Protease Activities during Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168577. [PMID: 27992534 PMCID: PMC5161375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main features of lung infection and inflammation are a massive recruitment of neutrophils and the subsequent release of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs). Anti-infectious and/or anti-inflammatory treatments must be tested on a suitable animal model. Mice models do not replicate several aspects of human lung disease. This is particularly true for cystic fibrosis (CF), which has led the scientific community to a search for new animal models. We have shown that mice are not appropriate for characterizing drugs targeting neutrophil-dependent inflammation and that pig neutrophils and their NSPs are similar to their human homologues. We induced acute neutrophilic inflammatory responses in pig lungs using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic respiratory pathogen. Blood samples, nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 24 h post-insfection (p.i.) and biochemical parameters, serum and BAL cytokines, bacterial cultures and neutrophil activity were evaluated. The release of proinflammatory mediators, biochemical and hematological blood parameters, cell recruitment and bronchial reactivity, peaked at 6h p.i.. We also used synthetic substrates specific for human neutrophil proteases to show that the activity of pig NSPs in BALFs increased. These proteases were also detected at the surface of lung neutrophils using anti-human NSP antibodies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced lung infection in pigs results in a neutrophilic response similar to that described for cystic fibrosis and ventilator-associated pneumonia in humans. Altogether, this indicates that the pig is an appropriate model for testing anti-infectious and/or anti-inflammatory drugs to combat adverse proteolytic effects of neutrophil in human lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Chevaleyre
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282 ISP), INRA, Université Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mickaël Riou
- Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (UE-1277 PFIE), INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Déborah Bréa
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100, Tours cedex, France
| | - Clarisse Vandebrouck
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Céline Barc
- Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (UE-1277 PFIE), INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérémy Pezant
- Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (UE-1277 PFIE), INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sandrine Melo
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282 ISP), INRA, Université Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Michel Olivier
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282 ISP), INRA, Université Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Rémy Delaunay
- Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (UE-1277 PFIE), INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Olivier Boulesteix
- Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (UE-1277 PFIE), INRA, Nouzilly, France
| | - Patricia Berthon
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282 ISP), INRA, Université Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Rossignol
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282 ISP), INRA, Université Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Julien Burlaud Gaillard
- Département des Microscopies (Plateau technologique Analyse des systèmes Biologiques), Université François-Rabelais, Tours cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Francis Gauthier
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100, Tours cedex, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100, Tours cedex, France
| | - François Meurens
- BioEpAR, Oniris, Nantes Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering La Chantrerie, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Mustapha Berri
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282 ISP), INRA, Université Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Sylvie Attucci
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, UMR 1100, Tours cedex, France
- * E-mail:
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Zhao J, Lin L, Fu L, Han L, Zhang A. Neutrophil extracellular Taps play an important role in clearance ofStreptococcus suis in vivo. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60:228-33. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University
| | - Lan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University
| | - Li Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University
| | - Anding Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan Hubei 430070 China
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15
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Schomberg DT, Tellez A, Meudt JJ, Brady DA, Dillon KN, Arowolo FK, Wicks J, Rousselle SD, Shanmuganayagam D. Miniature Swine for Preclinical Modeling of Complexities of Human Disease for Translational Scientific Discovery and Accelerated Development of Therapies and Medical Devices. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:299-314. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623315618292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer, are the leading cause of death in the world. The cost, both monetary and time, of developing therapies to prevent, treat, or manage these diseases has become unsustainable. A contributing factor is inefficient and ineffective preclinical research, in which the animal models utilized do not replicate the complex physiology that influences disease. An ideal preclinical animal model is one that responds similarly to intrinsic and extrinsic influences, providing high translatability and concordance of preclinical findings to humans. The overwhelming genetic, anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological similarities to humans make miniature swine an ideal model for preclinical studies of human disease. Additionally, recent development of precision gene-editing tools for creation of novel genetic swine models allows the modeling of highly complex pathophysiology and comorbidities. As such, the utilization of swine models in early research allows for the evaluation of novel drug and technology efficacy while encouraging redesign and refinement before committing to clinical testing. This review highlights the appropriateness of the miniature swine for modeling complex physiologic systems, presenting it as a highly translational preclinical platform to validate efficacy and safety of therapies and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic T. Schomberg
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Jennifer J. Meudt
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Folagbayi K. Arowolo
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joan Wicks
- Alizée Pathology, LLC, Thurmont, Maryland, USA
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16
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Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning Facilitates Early Identification of Neonatal Cystic Fibrosis Piglets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143459. [PMID: 26600426 PMCID: PMC4658176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most prevalent autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population. A cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator knockout (CFTR-/-) pig that displays most of the features of the human CF disease has been recently developed. However, CFTR-/- pigs presents a 100% prevalence of meconium ileus that leads to death in the first hours after birth, requiring a rapid diagnosis and surgical intervention to relieve intestinal obstruction. Identification of CFTR-/- piglets is usually performed by PCR genotyping, a procedure that lasts between 4 to 6 h. Here, we aimed to develop a procedure for rapid identification of CFTR-/- piglets that will allow placing them under intensive care soon after birth and immediately proceeding with the surgical correction. Methods and Principal Findings Male and female CFTR+/- pigs were crossed and the progeny was examined by computed tomography (CT) scan to detect the presence of meconium ileus and facilitate a rapid post-natal surgical intervention. Genotype was confirmed by PCR. CT scan presented a 94.4% sensitivity to diagnose CFTR-/- piglets. Diagnosis by CT scan reduced the birth-to-surgery time from a minimum of 10 h down to a minimum of 2.5 h and increased the survival of CFTR-/- piglets to a maximum of 13 days post-surgery as opposed to just 66 h after later surgery. Conclusion CT scan imaging of meconium ileus is an accurate method for rapid identification of CFTR-/- piglets. Early CT detection of meconium ileus may help to extend the lifespan of CFTR-/- piglets and, thus, improve experimental research on CF, still an incurable disease.
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17
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NETs and CF Lung Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:62-75. [PMID: 27025615 PMCID: PMC4790323 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal monogenic disease among Caucasians. While CF affects multiple organ systems, the principle morbidity arises from progressive destruction of lung architecture due to chronic bacterial infection and inflammation. It is characterized by an innate immune defect that results in colonization of the airways with bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from an early age. Within the airway microenvironment the innate immune cells including epithelial cells, neutrophils, and macrophages have all been implicated in the host defense defect. The neutrophil, however, is the principal effector cell facilitating bacterial killing, but also participates in lung damage. This is evidenced by a disproportionately elevated neutrophil burden in the airways and increased neutrophil products capable of tissue degradation, such as neutrophil elastase. The CF airways also contain an abundance of nuclear material that may be originating from neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are the product of a novel neutrophil death process that involves the expulsion of nuclear material embedded with histones, proteases, and antimicrobial proteins and peptides. NETs have been postulated to contribute to the bacterial killing capacity of neutrophils, however they also function as a source of proteases and other neutrophil products that may contribute to lung injury. Targeting nuclear material with inhaled DNase therapy improves lung function and reduces exacerbations in CF and some of these effects may be due to the degradation of NETs. We critically discuss the evidence for an antimicrobial function of NETs and their potential to cause lung damage and inflammation. We propose that CF animal models that recapitulate the human CF phenotype such as the CFTR(-/-) pig may be useful in further elucidating a role for NETs.
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18
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Rebordão MR, Carneiro C, Alexandre-Pires G, Brito P, Pereira C, Nunes T, Galvão A, Leitão A, Vilela C, Ferreira-Dias G. Neutrophil extracellular traps formation by bacteria causing endometritis in the mare. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 106:41-9. [PMID: 25218891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Besides the classical functions, neutrophils (PMNs) are able to release DNA in response to infectious stimuli, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and killing pathogens. The pathogenesis of endometritis in the mare is not completely understood. The aim was to evaluate the in vitro capacity of equine PMNs to secrete NETs by chemical activation, or stimulated with Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (Szoo), Escherichia coli (Ecoli) or Staphylococcus capitis (Scap) strains obtained from mares with endometritis. Ex vivo endometrial mucus from mares with bacterial endometritis were evaluated for the presence of NETs. Equine blood PMNs were used either without or with stimulation by phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), a strong inducer of NETs, for 1-3h. To evaluate PMN ability to produce NETs when phagocytosis was impaired, the phagocytosis inhibitor cytochalasin (Cyt) was added after PMA. After the addition of bacteria, a subsequent 1-h incubation was carried out in seven groups. NETs were visualized by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and anti-histone. Ex vivo samples were immunostained for myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase. A 3-h incubation period of PMN + PMA increased NETs (p < 0.05). Bacteria + 25 nM PMA and bacteria + PMA + Cyt increased NETs (p<0.05). Szoo induced fewer NETs than Ecoli or Scap (p < 0.05). Ex vivo NETs were present in mares with endometritis. Scanning electron microscopy showed the spread of NETs formed by smooth fibers and globules that can be aggregated in thick bundles. Formation of NETs and the subsequent entanglement of bacteria suggest that equine NETs might be a complementary mechanism in fighting some of the bacteria causing endometritis in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Rebordão
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Coimbra College of Agriculture, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Carneiro
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Alexandre-Pires
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Brito
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Pereira
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - T Nunes
- Faculty of Sciences, Microscopy Center, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Galvão
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Leitão
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, CVZ, CIISA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Vilela
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Mair KH, Sedlak C, Käser T, Pasternak A, Levast B, Gerner W, Saalmüller A, Summerfield A, Gerdts V, Wilson HL, Meurens F. The porcine innate immune system: an update. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 45:321-43. [PMID: 24709051 PMCID: PMC7103209 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, we have seen an increasing interest and demand for pigs in biomedical research. Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans in terms of their anatomy, genetics, and physiology, and often are the model of choice for the assessment of novel vaccines and therapeutics in a preclinical stage. However, the pig as a model has much more to offer, and can serve as a model for many biomedical applications including aging research, medical imaging, and pharmaceutical studies to name a few. In this review, we will provide an overview of the innate immune system in pigs, describe its anatomical and physiological key features, and discuss the key players involved. In particular, we compare the porcine innate immune system to that of humans, and emphasize on the importance of the pig as model for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Sedlak
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Käser
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - A Pasternak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - B Levast
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - W Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - V Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H L Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - F Meurens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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21
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de Buhr N, Neumann A, Jerjomiceva N, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Baums CG. Streptococcus suis DNase SsnA contributes to degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and evasion of NET-mediated antimicrobial activity. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 160:385-395. [PMID: 24222615 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.072199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important cause of different pathologies in pigs and humans, most importantly fibrinosuppurative meningitis. Tissue infected with this pathogen is substantially infiltrated with neutrophils, but the function of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - a more recently discovered antimicrobial strategy of neutrophils - in host defence against Strep. suis has not been investigated. The objective of this work was to investigate the interaction of Strep. suis with NETs in vitro. Strep. suis induced NET formation in porcine neutrophils and was entrapped but not killed by those NETs. As the amount of NETs decreased over time, we hypothesized that a known extracellular DNase of Strep. suis degrades NETs. Though this nuclease was originally designated Strep. suis-secreted nuclease A (SsnA), this work demonstrated surface association in accordance with an LPXTG cell wall anchor motif and partial release into the supernatant. Confirming our hypothesis, an isogenic ssnA mutant was significantly attenuated in NET degradation and in protection against the antimicrobial activity of NETs as determined in assays with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated human neutrophils. Though assays with PMA-stimulated porcine neutrophils suggested that SsnA also degrades porcine NETs, phenotypic differences between wt and the isogenic ssnA mutant were less distinct. As SsnA expression was crucial for neither growth in vitro nor for survival in porcine or human blood, the results indicated that SsnA is the first specific NET evasion factor to be identified in Strep. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole de Buhr
- Institute for Microbiology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ariane Neumann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalja Jerjomiceva
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph G Baums
- Institute for Microbiology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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O’Donoghue AJ, Jin Y, Knudsen GM, Perera NC, Jenne DE, Murphy JE, Craik CS, Hermiston TW. Global substrate profiling of proteases in human neutrophil extracellular traps reveals consensus motif predominantly contributed by elastase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75141. [PMID: 24073241 PMCID: PMC3779220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) consist of antimicrobial molecules embedded in a web of extracellular DNA. Formation of NETs is considered to be a defense mechanism utilized by neutrophils to ensnare and kill invading pathogens, and has been recently termed NETosis. Neutrophils can be stimulated to undergo NETosis ex vivo, and are predicted to contain high levels of serine proteases, such as neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G (CG) and proteinase 3 (PR3). Serine proteases are important effectors of neutrophil-mediated immunity, which function directly by degrading pathogenic virulent factors and indirectly via proteolytic activation or deactivation of cytokines, chemokines and receptors. In this study, we utilized a diverse and unbiased peptide library to detect and profile protease activity associated with NETs induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). We obtained a “proteolytic signature” from NETs derived from healthy donor neutrophils and used proteomics to assist in the identification of the source of this proteolytic activity. In addition, we profiled each neutrophil serine protease and included the newly identified enzyme, neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4). Each enzyme had overlapping yet distinct endopeptidase activities and often cleaved at unique sites within the same peptide substrate. The dominant proteolytic activity in NETs was attributed to NE; however, cleavage sites corresponding to CG and PR3 activity were evident. When NE was immunodepleted, the remaining activity was attributed to CG and to a lesser extent PR3 and NSP4. Our results suggest that blocking NE activity would abrogate the major protease activity associated with NETs. In addition, the newly identified substrate specificity signatures will guide the design of more specific probes and inhibitors that target NET-associated proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ye Jin
- US Innovation Center, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Giselle M. Knudsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Natascha C. Perera
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter E. Jenne
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - John E. Murphy
- US Innovation Center, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Terry W. Hermiston
- US Innovation Center, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lecaille F, Naudin C, Sage J, Joulin-Giet A, Courty A, Andrault PM, Veldhuizen RA, Possmayer F, Lalmanach G. Specific cleavage of the lung surfactant protein A by human cathepsin S may impair its antibacterial properties. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1701-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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