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Chakraborty R, Zaw T, Khodlan P, Darido C, Palmisano G, Chien A, Tay A, Ranganathan S, Liu F. Pseudonormal Morphology of Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells Subverts the Antitumor Reactivity of Immune Cells: A Tumour-Cell-Based Initiation of Immune Evasion. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e70019. [PMID: 39324702 PMCID: PMC11425664 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occurs within the head and neck region. So far immune check point inhibitors failed in ACC. Gipie (CCDC88B) is a microtubule linker protein that activates immune cells. Gipie expressions found in head and neck cancer cells. We hypothesised that the presence of Gipie diminishes anti-tumour reactivity of immune cells towards head and neck cancer. METHOD To determine the effect of Gipie in oral and salivary gland cancer cells, Gipie was silenced in cancer cells in cancer-immune cells co-culture models and we performed 3D Z series confocal imaging, annexin V and immune activation flow cytometry, proteome profiler and discovery phase proteomics. RESULTS ACC cells morphed into pseudonormal morphology in immune co-culture models. Silencing Gipie in ACC cells showed significant increase of apoptotic cells and activated natural killer cells, and lowering of regulatory T cells. Other salivary and oral cancer cells showed negligible effect of Gipie. Proteome profiler and proteomics assay confirmed Gipie affecting proliferation mechanism and immune activated proteins in ACC immune co-culture models. CONCLUSION Overall, we conclude that the presence of Gipie has a confounding role during the ACC-immune cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Chakraborty
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Thiri Zaw
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Pallavi Khodlan
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of ParasitologyICB, University of Sao PauloSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Arthur Chien
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Aidan Tay
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian e‐Health Research Centre, Transformational Bioinformatics GroupCSIRONew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Poloni C, Schonhofer C, Ivison S, Levings MK, Steiner TS, Cook L. T-cell activation-induced marker assays in health and disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:491-503. [PMID: 36825901 PMCID: PMC10952637 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Activation-induced marker (AIM) assays have proven to be an accessible and rapid means of antigen-specific T-cell detection. The method typically involves short-term incubation of whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells with antigens of interest, where autologous antigen-presenting cells process and present peptides in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Recognition of peptide-MHC complexes by T-cell receptors then induces upregulation of activation markers on the T cells that can be detected by flow cytometry. In this review, we highlight the most widely used activation markers for assays in the literature while identifying nuances and potential downfalls associated with the technique. We provide a summary of how AIM assays have been used in both discovery science and clinical studies, including studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity. This review primarily focuses on AIM assays using human blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, with some considerations noted for tissue-derived T cells and nonhuman samples. AIM assays are a powerful tool that enables detailed analysis of antigen-specific T-cell frequency, phenotype and function without needing to know the precise antigenic peptides and their MHC restriction elements, enabling a wider analysis of immunity generated following infection and/or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Poloni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Cole Schonhofer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sabine Ivison
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Laura Cook
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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Alahmari B, Cooper ML, Vij K, Ritchey J, Ruminski P, Gao F, Choi J, DiPersio JF. Selective targeting of α4β1 integrin attenuates murine graft versus host disease. Leukemia 2020; 34:3100-3104. [PMID: 32152466 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alahmari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew L Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Vij
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Julie Ritchey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Peter Ruminski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jaebok Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - John F DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Grumelli S, Pinto-Plata V, Celli B. Genetic Switches between Cancer and Emphysema Resolution of Cigarette-Smoke Induced Inflammation. EC PULMONOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2019; 8:https://www.ecronicon.com/ecprm/pdf/ECPRM-08-00502.pdf. [PMID: 38116482 PMCID: PMC10729994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke initiates an inflammatory response that has aftermath long after quitting. We segregated former smokers, according to their lung function and their co-founding diseases, in 3 groups: Cancer, Emphysema and COPD. Then we searched for outlier genes in intersections of Venn diagrams where we identified 6 subsets and 23 genes that may be responsible for disease outcome. Genes expressed in the cancer patients with or without emphysema (PPA subset) were BHLH, FPRL2, CD49D, DEADH, NRs4A3, MBLL, GNS, BE675435, ISGF-3, and FLJ23462. Patients with emphysema as co-founding disease, with or without cancer (APP), had only ANXA2 in common. Genes expressed only in non-cancer patients (AAP subset) of COPD group were IL-1A, SOX13, RPP38; TBXA2R, NPEPL1, CFLAR, TFEB, PRKCBP1, IGF1R, DDX11, and KCNAB1. HIV-1Rev was the gene expressed in cancer patients with emphysema (APA subset). Then, we also looked at out-layers genes significantly expressed in all patients (PPP subset with 5066 genes), the down-regulated in Emphysema were MMP9, PLUNC, CEACAM5, and NR4A1 while the up-regulated were F2R, COL15A1, PDE4C, and BGN. We chose genes and checked them at the protein level on immune cells, this showed that neutrophils from Cancer group had increased expression of CD49d, and their total number was also increased in bronchial-alveolar lavage (154%). Macrophages in the lung of patients with emphysema were associated with a significant increase of adhesion molecule CD58 and to significant CD95 decrease, indicating they do not die. Besides, macrophages downregulated MMP9 in the lung compared to blood macrophages. Overall, we find that cancer progression requires a stickier and greater number of neutrophils in the lung while emphysema requires stickier and longevous macrophages to lead matrix destruction, and together with higher expression of SOX13 and RPP38, may promote autoimmunity. We also identified two genes, ANXA2 and HIV1-rev, that may be a pivot between cancer and emphysema outcome of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grumelli
- Center of Investigation in Medicine of Respiration, (CIMeR), Cordoba, Argentina
- Saint Elizabeth Hospital associated to TUFT University, Boston, United States
| | - Victor Pinto-Plata
- Saint Elizabeth Hospital associated to TUFT University, Boston, United States
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Saint Elizabeth Hospital associated to TUFT University, Boston, United States
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Boston, United States
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ArtinM Mediates Murine T Cell Activation and Induces Cell Death in Jurkat Human Leukemic T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071400. [PMID: 28665310 PMCID: PMC5535893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of cell surface glycans by lectins may be critical for the innate and adaptive immune responses. ArtinM, a d-mannose-binding lectin from Artocarpus heterophyllus, activates antigen-presenting cells by recognizing TLR2 N-glycans and induces Th1 immunity. We recently demonstrated that ArtinM stimulated CD4+ T cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we further studied the effects of ArtinM on adaptive immune cells. We showed that ArtinM activates murine CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, augmenting their positivity for CD25, CD69, and CD95 and showed higher interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ production. The CD4+ T cells exhibited increased T-bet expression in response to ArtinM, and IL-2 production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells depended on the recognition of CD3εγ-chain glycans by ArtinM. The ArtinM effect on aberrantly-glycosylated neoplastic lymphocytes was studied in Jurkat T cells, in which ArtinM induced IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-1β production, but decreased cell viability and growth. A higher frequency of AnnexinV- and propidium iodide-stained cells demonstrated the induction of Jurkat T cells apoptosis by ArtinM, and this apoptotic response was reduced by caspases and protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The ArtinM effects on murine T cells corroborated with the immunomodulatory property of lectin, whereas the promotion of Jurkat T cells apoptosis may reflect a potential applicability of ArtinM in novel strategies for treating lymphocytic leukemia.
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Patry M, Teinturier R, Goehrig D, Zetu C, Ripoche D, Kim IS, Bertolino P, Hennino A. βig-h3 Represses T-Cell Activation in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:4212-9. [PMID: 26470788 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
βig-h3/TGF-βi is a secreted protein capable of binding to both extracellular matrix and cells. Human genetic studies recently revealed that in the tgfbi gene encoding for βig-h3, three single nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk. Pancreatic islets express βig-h3 in physiological conditions, but this expression is reduced in β-cell insult in T1D. Since the integrity of islets is destroyed by autoimmune T lymphocytes, we thought to investigate the impact of βig-h3 on T-cell activation. We show here that βig-h3 inhibits T-cell activation markers as well as cytotoxic molecule production as granzyme B and IFN-γ. Furthermore, βig-h3 inhibits early T-cell receptor signaling by repressing the activation of the early kinase protein Lck. Moreover, βig-h3-treated T cells are unable to induce T1D upon transfer in Rag2 knockout mice. Our study demonstrates for the first time that T-cell activation is modulated by βig-h3, an islet extracellular protein, in order to efficiently avoid autoimmune response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cadaver
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Patry
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Teinturier
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Goehrig
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Cornelia Zetu
- National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases "N. Paulescu," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doriane Ripoche
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - In-San Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ana Hennino
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Rocha-Perugini V, González-Granado JM. Nuclear envelope lamin-A as a coordinator of T cell activation. Nucleus 2015; 5:396-401. [PMID: 25482193 PMCID: PMC4164483 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.36361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins A/C control several critical cellular functions, e.g., chromatin organization, gene transcription, DNA replication, DNA damage responses, cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, and cell polarization during migration. However, few studies have addressed the role of lamins A/C in the control of the functions of immune cells. Recently, we have demonstrated that lamins A/C are induced in T cells upon antigen recognition. Lamins A/C enhance T cell responses by coupling the plasma membrane to the nucleus via the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex and the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we discuss the possible physiological relevance and functional context of lamin A/C in T cell activation and propose a model in which lamins A/C are key modulators of immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rocha-Perugini
- a Servicio de Inmunología; Hospital Universitario de la Princesa; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa; Madrid, Spain
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Dual role of novel ingenol derivatives from Euphorbia tirucalli in HIV replication: inhibition of de novo infection and activation of viral LTR. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97257. [PMID: 24827152 PMCID: PMC4020785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is not cleared by antiretroviral drugs due to the presence of latently infected cells that are not eliminated with current therapies and persist in the blood and organs of infected patients. New compounds to activate these latent reservoirs have been evaluated so that, along with HAART, they can be used to activate latent virus and eliminate the latently infected cells resulting in eradication of viral infection. Here we describe three novel diterpenes isolated from the sap of Euphorbia tirucalli, a tropical shrub. These molecules, identified as ingenols, were modified at carbon 3 and termed ingenol synthetic derivatives (ISD). They activated the HIV-LTR in reporter cell lines and human PBMCs with latent virus in concentrations as low as 10 nM. ISDs were also able to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 subtype B and C in MT-4 cells and human PBMCs at concentrations of EC50 0.02 and 0.09 µM respectively, which are comparable to the EC50 of some antiretroviral currently used in AIDS treatment. Control of viral replication may be caused by downregulation of surface CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4 observed after ISD treatment in vitro. These compounds appear to be less cytotoxic than other diterpenes such as PMA and prostratin, with effective dose versus toxic dose TI>400. Although the mechanisms of action of the three ISDs are primarily attributed to the PKC pathway, downregulation of surface receptors and stimulation of the viral LTR might be differentially modulated by different PKC isoforms.
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Tang P, Li L, Zhou Y, Shen CC, Kang YH, Yao YQ, Yi C, Gou LT, Yang JL. The preparation of VEGFR1/CD3 bispecific antibody and its specific cytotoxicity against VEGFR1-positive breast cancer cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:376-84. [PMID: 24329807 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific antibody (BsAb) has been proved to be a very effective antitumor approach because of its distinctive advantages of immune-mediated cytotoxicity. To enhance the ability to recruit and activate T lymphocytes for tumor-specific killing, we constructed and prepared a recombinant human single-chain Fv bispecific antibody (BsAb), named VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb, targeting VEGFR1 and CD3. The VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb was expressed in CHO-K1 cells and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The CD3 and VEGFR1-binding activity of VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb was confirmed by flow cytometry. T lymphocyte activation and proliferation induced by VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb were also demonstrated in vitro. Notably, our VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb presented a powerful and specific killing effect against VEGFR1-positive human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 through activating T lymphocyte at very low concentrations, indicating that it will be a valuable antibody drug for treatment of VEGFR1-positive cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Gastroenterology Tumor and Microenvironment Laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Huan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Division of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Tu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
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