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García-Trevijano ER, Ortiz-Zapater E, Gimeno A, Viña JR, Zaragozá R. Calpains, the proteases of two faces controlling the epithelial homeostasis in mammary gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1249317. [PMID: 37795261 PMCID: PMC10546029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1249317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpain-1 and calpain-2 are calcium-dependent Cys-proteases ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues with a processive, rather than degradative activity. They are crucial for physiological mammary gland homeostasis as well as for breast cancer progression. A growing number of evidences indicate that their pleiotropic functions depend on the cell type, tissue and biological context where they are expressed or dysregulated. This review considers these standpoints to cover the paradoxical role of calpain-1 and -2 in the mammary tissue either, under the physiological conditions of the postlactational mammary gland regression or the pathological context of breast cancer. The role of both calpains will be examined and discussed in both conditions, followed by a brief snapshot on the present and future challenges for calpains, the two-gateway proteases towards tissue homeostasis or tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. García-Trevijano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Gimeno
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Sato T, Head KZ, Li J, Dolin CE, Wilkey D, Skirtich N, Smith K, McCreary DD, Liu S, Beier JI, Singhi AD, McEnaney RM, Merchant ML, Arteel GE. Fibrosis resolution in the mouse liver: Role of Mmp12 and potential role of calpain 1/2. Matrix Biol Plus 2023; 17:100127. [PMID: 36632559 PMCID: PMC9826883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most work has focused on resolution of collagen ECM, fibrosis resolution involves changes to several ECM proteins. The purpose of the current study was twofold: 1) to examine the role of MMP12 and elastin; and 2) to investigate the changes in degraded proteins in plasma (i.e., the "degradome") in a preclinical model of fibrosis resolution. Fibrosis was induced by 4 weeks carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure, and recovery was monitored for an additional 4 weeks. Some mice were treated with daily MMP12 inhibitor (MMP408) during the resolution phase. Liver injury and fibrosis was monitored by clinical chemistry, histology and gene expression. The release of degraded ECM peptides in the plasma was analyzed using by 1D-LC-MS/MS, coupled with PEAKS Studio (v10) peptide identification. Hepatic fibrosis and liver injury rapidly resolved in this mouse model. However, some collagen fibrils were still present 28d after cessation of CCl4. Despite this persistent collagen presence, expression of canonical markers of fibrosis were also normalized. The inhibition of MMP12 dramatically delayed fibrosis resolution under these conditions. LC-MS/MS analysis identified that several proteins were being degraded even at late stages of fibrosis resolution. Calpains 1/2 were identified as potential new proteases involved in fibrosis resolution. CONCLUSION. The results of this study indicate that remodeling of the liver during recovery from fibrosis is a complex and highly coordinated process that extends well beyond the degradation of the collagenous scar. These results also indicate that analysis of the plasma degradome may yield new insight into the mechanisms of fibrosis recovery, and by extension, new "theragnostic" targets. Lastly, a novel potential role for calpain activation in the degradation and turnover of proteins was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
| | - Kimberly Z. Head
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
| | - Christine E. Dolin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Daniel Wilkey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Nolan Skirtich
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Katelyn Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dylan D. McCreary
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Juliane I. Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Aatur D. Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ryan M. McEnaney
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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3
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The S100A7 nuclear interactors in autoimmune diseases: a coevolutionary study in mammals. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:271-284. [PMID: 35174412 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
S100A7, a member of the S100A family of Ca2+-binding proteins, is considered a key effector in immune response. In particular, S100A7 dysregulation has been associated with several diseases, including autoimmune disorders. At the nuclear level, S100A7 interacts with several protein-binding partners which are involved in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. By using the BioGRID and GAAD databases, S100A7 nuclear interactors with a putative involvement in autoimmune diseases were retrieved. We selected fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5), autoimmune regulator (AIRE), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC), protection of telomeres protein 1 (POT1), telomeric repeat-binding factor (NIMA-interacting) 1 (TERF1), telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TERF2), and Zic family member 1 (ZIC1). Linear correlation coefficients between interprotein distances were calculated with MirrorTree. Coevolution clusters were also identified with the use of a recent version of the Blocks in Sequences (BIS2) algorithm implemented in the BIS2Analyzer web server. Analysis of pair positions identified interprotein coevolving clusters between S100A7 and the binding partners CFTR and TERF1. Such findings could guide further analysis to better elucidate the function of S100A7 and its binding partners and to design drugs targeting for these molecules in autoimmune diseases.
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4
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Nagarajan UM, Cho C, Gyorke CE, Nagarajan S, Ezzell JA, Brochu H, Huntress I, Harrell E, Peng X. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Interleukin-1 Alpha Synthesis and Cell Death Is Increased in Mouse Epithelial Cells Infected With Chlamydia muridarum. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:S47-S55. [PMID: 34396406 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis-genital infection in women can be modeled in mice using Chlamydia muridarum. Using this model, it has been shown that the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1α lead to irreversible tissue damage in the oviducts. In this study, we investigated the contribution of TNFα on IL-1α synthesis in infected epithelial cells. We show that C muridarum infection enhanced TNFα-induced IL-1α expression and release in a mouse epithelial cell line. In addition to IL-1α, several TNFα-induced inflammatory genes were also highly induced, and infection enhanced TNF-induced cell death. In the mouse model of genital infection, oviducts from mice lacking the TNFα receptor displayed minimal staining for IL-1α compared with wild-type oviducts. Our results suggest TNFα and IL-1α enhance each other's downstream effects resulting in a hyperinflammatory response to chlamydial infection. We propose that biologics targeting TNF-induced IL-1α synthesis could be used to mitigate tissue damage during chlamydial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma M Nagarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Crescentia Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clare E Gyorke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology and Labortaory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Ashley Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hayden Brochu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian Huntress
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin Harrell
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xinxia Peng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Rodríguez-Fernández L, Company S, Zaragozá R, Viña JR, García-Trevijano ER. Cleavage and activation of LIM kinase 1 as a novel mechanism for calpain 2-mediated regulation of nuclear dynamics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16339. [PMID: 34381117 PMCID: PMC8358030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain-2 (CAPN2) is a processing enzyme ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues whose pleiotropic functions depend on the role played by its cleaved-products. Nuclear interaction networks, crucial for a number of molecular processes, could be modified by CAPN2 activity. However, CAPN2 functions in cell nucleus are poorly understood. To unveil CAPN2 functions in this compartment, the result of CAPN2-mediated interactions in cell nuclei was studied in breast cancer cell (BCC) lines. CAPN2 abundance was found to be determinant for its nucleolar localization during interphase. Those CAPN2-dependent components of nucleolar proteome, including the actin-severing protein cofilin-1 (CFL1), were identified by proteomic approaches. CAPN2 binding, cleavage and activation of LIM Kinase-1 (LIMK1), followed by CFL1 phosphorylation was studied. Upon CAPN2-depletion, full-length LIMK1 levels increased and CFL1/LIMK1 binding was inhibited. In addition, LIMK1 accumulated at the cell periphery and perinucleolar region and, the mitosis-specific increase of CFL1 phosphorylation and localization was altered, leading to aberrant mitosis and cell multinucleation. These findings uncover a mechanism for the role of CAPN2 during mitosis, unveil the critical role of CAPN2 in the interactions among nuclear components and, identifying LIMK1 as a new CAPN2-target, provide a novel mechanism for LIMK1 activation. CFL1 is crucial for cytoskeleton remodeling and mitosis, but also for the maintenance of nuclear structure, the movement of chromosomes and the modulation of transcription frequently altered in cancer cells. Consequently, the role of CAPN2 in the nuclear compartment might be extended to other actin-associated biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rodríguez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Company
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Zaragozá
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J R Viña
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - E R García-Trevijano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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6
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Wu J, Chen T, Wan F, Wang J, Li X, Li W, Ma L. Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum and its neuroprotective effect against β-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:352-363. [PMID: 33549666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide, designated as LBP-3, was isolated and purified from Lycium barbarum. Chemical analysis indicated that LBP-3 was composed of arabinose and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.00:1.56. The average molecular weight of LBP-3 was 6.74 × 104 Da. The structural features of LBP-3 were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). LBP-3 is a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of 1, 3-linked β-Galp, which is partially substituted at C-6. The branches contain 1, 5-linked α-Araf, 1, 6-linked β-Galp, 1, 3-linked α-Araf, and 1, 4-linked α-Araf. In vitro studies revealed that LBP-3 induced a concentration-dependent decrease in the levels of Aβ42/Aβ40 in N2a/APP695 cells. Proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the potential molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of LBP-3, and the results suggested that LBP-3 might have the potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wu
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; College of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fengqi Wan
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; The second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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7
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Yamashita T, Kwak S. Cell death cascade and molecular therapy in ADAR2-deficient motor neurons of ALS. Neurosci Res 2018; 144:4-13. [PMID: 29944911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) pathology in the motor neurons is the most reliable pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and motor neurons bearing TDP-43 pathology invariably exhibit failure in RNA editing at the GluA2 glutamine/arginine (Q/R) site due to down-regulation of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2). Conditional ADAR2 knockout (AR2) mice display ALS-like phenotype, including progressive motor dysfunction due to loss of motor neurons. Motor neurons devoid of ADAR2 express Q/R site-unedited GluA2, and AMPA receptors with unedited GluA2 in their subunit assembly are abnormally permeable to Ca2+, which results in progressive neuronal death. Moreover, analysis of AR2 mice has demonstrated that exaggerated Ca2+ influx through the abnormal AMPA receptors overactivates calpain, a Ca2+-dependent protease, that cleaves TDP-43 into aggregation-prone fragments, which serve as seeds for TDP-43 pathology. Activated calpain also disrupts nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and gene expression by cleaving molecules involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, including nucleoporins. These lines of evidence prompted us to develop molecular targeting therapy for ALS by normalization of disrupted intracellular environment due to ADAR2 down-regulation. In this review, we have summarized the work from our group on the cell death cascade in sporadic ALS and discussed a potential therapeutic strategy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenari Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shin Kwak
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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8
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Telechea-Fernández M, Rodríguez-Fernández L, García C, Zaragozá R, Viña J, Cervantes A, García-Trevijano ER. New localization and function of calpain-2 in nucleoli of colorectal cancer cells in ribosomal biogenesis: effect of KRAS status. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9100-9113. [PMID: 29507677 PMCID: PMC5823616 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain-2 belongs to a family of pleiotropic Cys-proteases with modulatory rather than degradative functions. Calpain (CAPN) overexpression has been controversially correlated with poor prognosis in several cancer types, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the mechanisms of substrate-recognition, calpain-2 regulation/deregulation and specific functions in CRC remain elusive. Herein, calpain subcellular distribution was studied as a key event for substrate-recognition and consequently, for calpain-mediated function. We describe a new localization for calpain-2 in the nucleoli of CRC cells. Calpain-2 nucleolar distribution resulted dependent on its enzymatic activity and on the mutational status of KRAS. In KRASWT/- cells serum-starvation induced CAPN2 expression, nucleolar accumulation and increased binding to the rDNA-core promoter and intergenic spacer (IGS), concomitant with a reduction in pre-rRNA levels. Depletion of calpain-2 by specific siRNA prevented pre-rRNA down-regulation after serum removal. Conversely, ribosomal biogenesis proceeded in the absence of serum in unresponsive KRASG13D/- cells whose CAPN2 expression, nucleolar localization and rDNA-occupancy remained unchanged during the time-course of serum starvation. We propose here that nucleolar calpain-2 might be a KRAS-dependent sensor to repress ribosomal biogenesis in growth limiting conditions. Under constitutive activation of the pathway commonly found in CRC, calpain-2 is deregulated and tumor cells become insensitive to the extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Telechea-Fernández
- CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute/University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucia Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute/University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Concha García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute/University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute/University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute/University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute/University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute/University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena R García-Trevijano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute/University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Yamashita T, Aizawa H, Teramoto S, Akamatsu M, Kwak S. Calpain-dependent disruption of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport in ALS motor neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39994. [PMID: 28045133 PMCID: PMC5206745 DOI: 10.1038/srep39994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear dysfunction in motor neurons has been hypothesized to be a principal cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is disrupted in dying motor neurons in a mechanistic ALS mouse model (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) conditional knockout (AR2) mice) and in ALS patients. We showed that nucleoporins (Nups) that constituted the NPC were cleaved by activated calpain via a Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptor-mediated mechanism in dying motor neurons lacking ADAR2 expression in AR2 mice. In these neurons, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport was disrupted, and the level of the transcript elongation enzyme RNA polymerase II phosphorylated at Ser2 was significantly decreased. Analogous changes were observed in motor neurons lacking ADAR2 immunoreactivity in sporadic ALS patients. Therefore, calpain-dependent NPC disruption may participate in ALS pathogenesis, and inhibiting Ca2+-mediated cell death signals may be a therapeutic strategy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenari Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Aizawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Sayaka Teramoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Megumi Akamatsu
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shin Kwak
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 6-1-14 Konodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
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10
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Isoform-specific function of calpains in cell adhesion disruption: studies in postlactational mammary gland and breast cancer. Biochem J 2016; 473:2893-909. [PMID: 27402795 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cleavage of adhesion proteins is the first step for physiological clearance of undesired cells during postlactational regression of the mammary gland, but also for cell migration in pathological states such as breast cancer. The intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent proteases, calpains (CAPNs), are known to cleave adhesion proteins. The isoform-specific function of CAPN1 and CAPN2 was explored and compared in two models of cell adhesion disruption: mice mammary gland during weaning-induced involution and breast cancer cell lines according to tumor subtype classification. In both models, E-cadherin, β-catenin, p-120, and talin-1 were cleaved as assessed by western blot analysis. Both CAPNs were able to cleave adhesion proteins from lactating mammary gland in vitro Nevertheless, CAPN2 was the only isoform found to co-localize with E-cadherin in cell junctions at the peak of lactation. CAPN2/E-cadherin in vivo interaction, analyzed by proximity ligation assay, was dramatically increased during involution. Calpain inhibitor administration prevented the cytosolic accumulation of truncated E-cadherin cleaved by CAPN2. Conversely, in breast cancer cells, CAPN2 was restricted to the nuclear compartment. The isoform-specific expression of CAPNs and CAPN activity was dependent on the breast cancer subtype. However, CAPN1 and CAPN2 knockdown cells showed that cleavage of adhesion proteins and cell migration was mediated by CAPN1, independently of the breast cancer cell line used. Data presented here suggest that the subcellular distribution of CAPN1 and CAPN2 is a major issue in target-substrate recognition; therefore, it determines the isoform-specific role of CAPNs during disruption of cell adhesion in either a physiological or a pathological context.
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11
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Zaragozá R, García-Trevijano ER, Lluch A, Ribas G, Viña JR. Involvement of Different networks in mammary gland involution after the pregnancy/lactation cycle: Implications in breast cancer. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:227-38. [PMID: 25904072 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Early pregnancy is associated with a reduction in a woman's lifetime risk for breast cancer. However, different studies have demonstrated an increase in breast cancer risk in the years immediately following pregnancy. Early and long-term risk is even higher if the mother age is above 35 years at the time of first parity. The proinflammatory microenvironment within the mammary gland after pregnancy renders an "ideal niche" for oncogenic events. Signaling pathways involved in programmed cell death and tissue remodeling during involution are also activated in breast cancer. Herein, the major signaling pathways involved in mammary gland involution, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and retinoid acid receptors (RARs)/retinoid X receptors (RXRs), are reviewed as part of the complex network of signaling pathways that crosstalk in a contextual-dependent manner. These factors, also involved in breast cancer development, are important regulatory nodes for signaling amplification after weaning. Indeed, during involution, p65/p300 target genes such as MMP9, Capn1, and Capn2 are upregulated. Elevated expression and activities of these proteases in breast cancer have been extensively documented. The role of these proteases during mammary gland involution is further discussed. MMPs, calpains, and cathepsins exert their effect by modification of the extracellular matrix and intracellular proteins. Calpains, activated in the mammary gland during involution, cleave several proteins located in cell membrane, lysosomes, mitochondria, and nuclei favoring cell death. Besides, during this period, Capn1 is most probably involved in the modulation of preadipocyte differentiation through chromatin remodeling. Calpains can be implicated in cell anchoring loss, providing a proper microenvironment for tumor growth. A better understanding of the role of any of these proteases in tumorigenesis may yield novel therapeutic targets or prognostic markers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Zaragozá
- Instituto INCLIVA, Facultad de Medicina/Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena R García-Trevijano
- Instituto INCLIVA, Facultad de Medicina/Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- Instituto INCLIVA, Facultad de Medicina/Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Servicio Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Ribas
- Instituto INCLIVA, Facultad de Medicina/Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Servicio Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan R Viña
- Instituto INCLIVA, Facultad de Medicina/Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Servicio Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Xu B, Liu W, Deng Y, Yang TY, Feng S, Xu ZF. Inhibition of calpain prevents manganese-induced cell injury and alpha-synuclein oligomerization in organotypic brain slice cultures. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119205. [PMID: 25756858 PMCID: PMC4355489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese has been known to promote alpha-synuclein oligomerization and enhance cellular toxicity. However, the exact mechanism of Mn-induced alpha-synuclein oligomerization is unclear. To explore whether alpha-synuclein oligomerization was associated with the cleavage of alpha-synuclein by calpain, we made a rat brain slice model of manganism and pretreated slices with calpain inhibitor II, a cell-permeable peptide that restricts the activity of calpain. After slices were treated with 400 μM Mn for 24 h, there were significant increases in the percentage of apoptotic cells, lactate dehydrogenase release, intracellular [Ca2+]i, calpain activity, and the mRNA and protein expression of calpain 1 and alpha-synuclein. Moreover, the number of C- and N-terminal fragments of alpha-synuclein and the amount of alpha-synuclein oligomerization also increased. These results also showed that calpain inhibitor II pretreatment could reduce Mn-induced nerve cell injury and alpha-synuclein oligomerization. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the number of C- and N-terminal fragments of alpha-synuclein in calpain inhibitor II-pretreated slices. These findings revealed that Mn induced the cleavage of alpha-synuclein protein via overactivation of calpain and subsequent alpha-synuclein oligomerization in cultured slices. Moreover, the cleavage of alpha-synuclein by calpain 1 is an important signaling event in Mn-induced alpha-synuclein oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Fa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Kottyan LC, Davis BP, Sherrill JD, Liu K, Rochman M, Kaufman K, Weirauch MT, Vaughn S, Lazaro S, Rupert AM, Kohram M, Stucke EM, Kemme KA, Magnusen A, He H, Dexheimer P, Chehade M, Wood RA, Pesek RD, Vickery BP, Fleischer DM, Lindbad R, Sampson HA, Mukkada V, Putnam PE, Abonia JP, Martin LJ, Harley JB, Rothenberg ME. Genome-wide association analysis of eosinophilic esophagitis provides insight into the tissue specificity of this allergic disease. Nat Genet 2014; 46:895-900. [PMID: 25017104 PMCID: PMC4121957 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with allergic hypersensitivity to food. We interrogated >1.5 million genetic variants in EoE cases of European ancestry and subsequently in a multi-site cohort with local and out-of-study control subjects. In addition to replicating association of the 5q22 locus (meta-analysis P=1.9×10(-16)), we identified an association at 2p23 spanning CAPN14 (P=2.5×10(-10)). CAPN14 was specifically expressed in the esophagus, was dynamically upregulated as a function of disease activity and genetic haplotype and after exposure of epithelial cells to interleukin (IL)-13, and was located in an epigenetic hotspot modified by IL-13. Genes neighboring the top 208 EoE-associated sequence variants were enriched for esophageal expression, and multiple loci for allergic sensitization were associated with EoE susceptibility (4.8×10(-2)
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C. Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Davis
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph D. Sherrill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kan Liu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth Kaufman
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew T. Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel Vaughn
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara Lazaro
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rupert
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mojtaba Kohram
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily M. Stucke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine A. Kemme
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Albert Magnusen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hua He
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip Dexheimer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mirna Chehade
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert A. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robbie D. Pesek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brian P. Vickery
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Hugh A. Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vince Mukkada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Phil E. Putnam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Pablo Abonia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John B. Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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