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Musovic S, Komai AM, Said MK, Shrestha MM, Wu Y, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Olofsson CS. Noradrenaline and ATP regulate adiponectin exocytosis in white adipocytes: Disturbed adrenergic and purinergic signalling in obese and insulin-resistant mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 549:111619. [PMID: 35337901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
White adipocyte adiponectin exocytosis is triggered by cAMP and a concomitant increase of cytosolic Ca2+ potentiates its release. White adipose tissue is richly innervated by sympathetic nerves co-releasing noradrenaline (NA) and ATP, which may act on receptors in the adipocyte plasma membrane to increase cAMP via adrenergic receptors and Ca2+ via purinergic receptors. Here we determine the importance of NA and ATP for the regulation of white adipocyte adiponectin exocytosis, at the cellular and molecular level, and we specifically detail the ATP signalling pathway. We demonstrate that tyrosine hydroxylase (enzyme involved in catecholamine synthesis) is dramatically reduced in inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) isolated from mice with diet-induced obesity; this is associated with diminished levels of NA in IWAT and with a reduced ratio of high-molecular-weight (HMW) to total adiponectin in serum. Adiponectin exocytosis (measured as an increase in plasma membrane capacitance and as secreted product) is triggered by NA or ATP alone in cultured and primary mouse IWAT adipocytes, and enhanced by a combination of the two secretagogues. The ATP-induced adiponectin exocytosis is largely Ca2+-dependent and activated via purinergic P2Y2 receptors (P2Y2Rs) and the Gq11/PLC pathway. Adiponectin release induced by the nucleotide is abrogated in adipocytes isolated from obese and insulin-resistant mice, and this is associated with ∼70% reduced abundance of P2Y2Rs. The NA-triggered adiponectin exocytosis is likewise abolished in "obese adipocytes", concomitant with a 50% lower gene expression of beta 3 adrenergic receptors (β3ARs). An increase in intracellular Ca2+ is not required for the NA-stimulated adiponectin secretion. Collectively, our data suggest that sympathetic innervation is a principal regulator of adiponectin exocytosis and that disruptions of this control are associated with the obesity-associated reduction of circulating levels of HMW/total adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Musovic
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ali M Komai
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marina Kalds Said
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Man Mohan Shrestha
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta S Olofsson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Adiponectin and Asthma: Knowns, Unknowns and Controversies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168971. [PMID: 34445677 PMCID: PMC8396527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine associated with the healthy obese phenotype. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and has cardio and vascular protection actions. Studies related to adiponectin, a modulator of the innate and acquired immunity response, have suggested a role of this molecule in asthma. Studies based on various asthma animal models and on the key cells involved in the allergic response have provided important insights about this relation. Some of them indicated protection and others reversed the balance towards negative effects. Many of them described the cellular pathways activated by adiponectin, which are potentially beneficial for asthma prevention or for reduction in the risk of exacerbations. However, conclusive proofs about their efficiency still need to be provided. In this article, we will, briefly, present the general actions of adiponectin and the epidemiological studies supporting the relation with asthma. The main focus of the current review is on the mechanisms of adiponectin and the impact on the pathobiology of asthma. From this perspective, we will provide arguments for and against the positive influence of this molecule in asthma, also indicating the controversies and sketching out the potential directions of research to complete the picture.
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Kuramoto K, Kim YJ, Hong JH, He C. The autophagy protein Becn1 improves insulin sensitivity by promoting adiponectin secretion via exocyst binding. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109184. [PMID: 34038729 PMCID: PMC8177967 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy dysregulation is implicated in metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism by which the autophagy machinery regulates metabolism is largely unknown. Autophagy is generally considered a degradation process via lysosomes. Here, we unveil a metabolically important non-cell-autonomous, non-degradative mechanism regulated by the essential autophagy protein Becn1 in adipose tissue. Upon high-fat diet challenge, autophagy-hyperactive Becn1F121A mice show systemically improved insulin sensitivity and enhanced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central regulator of energy homeostasis, via a non-cell-autonomous mechanism mediated by adiponectin, an adipose-derived metabolic hormone. Adipose-specific Becn1F121A expression is sufficient to activate AMPK in non-adipose tissues and improve systemic insulin sensitivity by increasing adiponectin secretion. Further, Becn1 enhances adiponectin secretion by interacting with components of the exocyst complex via the coiled-coil domain. Together, our study demonstrates that Becn1 improves insulin sensitivity by facilitating adiponectin secretion through binding the exocyst in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kuramoto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yoon-Jin Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jung Hwa Hong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Congcong He
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Iwase M, Komorita Y, Fujii H, Ohkuma T, Ide H, Yoshinari M, Oku Y, Higashi T, Nakamura U, Kitazono T. Incidence of severe hypoglycemia and its association with serum adiponectin in Japanese patients with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1258-1264. [PMID: 32180356 PMCID: PMC7477501 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The incidence of severe hypoglycemia and its risk factors including an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin, were prospectively investigated in Japanese patients with type 1 or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 207 participants with type 1 diabetes (mean age 55 years) and 1,396 with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 years) from the local diabetes registry were followed for 5 years (follow-up rate 99%). Severe hypoglycemia was defined as events requiring the assistance of others for recovery from hypoglycemia. RESULTS The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was 9.2 per 100 person-years in those with type 1 diabetes, and 2.3 per 100 person-years in those with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, respectively. For type 1 diabetes, the risk was significant in those with a history of severe hypoglycemia within the previous year, slow eating and higher serum adiponectin (the highest vs the lowest in quartile hazard ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.22-4.69). For insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, the risk included age ≥65 years, history of severe hypoglycemia within the previous year, alcohol consumption ≥60 g/day, larger insulin dose and higher serum adiponectin (the highest vs the lowest in quartile, hazard ratio 2.95, 95% confidence interval 1.22-4.69). For all participants, the incidence of severe hypoglycemia increased along with serum adiponectin (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio 1.65 per 1 standard deviation increase of log serum adiponectin, 95% confidence interval 1.45-1.87). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was prospectively determined, and the association between severe hypoglycemia and higher serum adiponectin was observed in Japanese patients with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Diabetes Center and Clinical Research CenterHakujyuji HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuji Komorita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Ide
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masahito Yoshinari
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yutaro Oku
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Taiki Higashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Yu H, Chhabra KH, Thompson Z, Jones GL, Kiran S, Shangguan G, Low MJ. Hypothalamic POMC deficiency increases circulating adiponectin despite obesity. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100957. [PMID: 32244188 PMCID: PMC7082555 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The steep rise in the prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic syndrome have become a major worldwide health concerns. Melanocortin peptides from hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc) POMC neurons induce satiety to limit food intake. Consequently, Arc Pomc-deficient mice (ArcPomc−/−) exhibit hyperphagia and obesity. Previous studies demonstrated that the circulating levels of adiponectin, a protein abundantly produced and secreted by fat cells, negatively correlate with obesity in both rodents and humans. However, we found that ArcPomc−/− mice have increased circulating adiponectin levels despite obesity. Therefore, we investigated the physiological function and underlying mechanisms of hypothalamic POMC in regulating systemic adiponectin levels. Methods Circulating adiponectin was measured in obese ArcPomc−/− mice at ages 4–52 weeks. To determine whether increased adiponectin was a direct result of ArcPomc deficiency or a secondary effect of obesity, we examined plasma adiponectin levels in calorie-restricted mice with or without a history of obesity and in ArcPomc−/− mice before and after genetic restoration of Pomc expression in the hypothalamus. To delineate the mechanisms causing increased adiponectin in ArcPomc−/− mice, we determined sympathetic outflow to adipose tissue by assessing epinephrine, norepinephrine, and tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels and measured the circulating adiponectin in the mice after acute norepinephrine or propranolol treatments. In addition, adiponectin mRNA and protein levels were measured in discrete adipose tissue depots to ascertain which fat depots contributed the most to the high level of adiponectin in the ArcPomc−/− mice. Finally, we generated compound Adiopoq−/−:ArcPomc−/− mice and compared their growth, body composition, and glucose homeostasis to the individual knockout mouse strains and their wild-type controls. Results Obese ArcPomc−/− female mice had unexpectedly increased plasma adiponectin compared to wild-type siblings at all ages greater than 8 weeks. Despite chronic calorie restriction to achieve normal body weights, higher adiponectin levels persisted in the ArcPomc−/− female mice. Genetic restoration of Pomc expression in the Arc or acute treatment of the ArcPomc−/− female mice with melanotan II reduced adiponectin levels to control littermate values. The ArcPomc−/− mice had defective thermogenesis and decreased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels in their fat pads, indicating reduced sympathetic outflow to adipose tissue. Injections of norepinephrine into the ArcPomc−/− female mice reduced circulating adiponectin levels, whereas injections of propranolol significantly increased adiponectin levels. Despite the beneficial effects of adiponectin on metabolism, the deletion of adiponectin alleles in the ArcPomc−/− mice did not exacerbate their metabolic abnormalities. Conclusion In summary, to the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that despite obesity, the ArcPomc−/− mouse model has high circulating adiponectin levels, which demonstrated that increased fat mass is not necessarily correlated with hypoadiponectinemia. Our investigation also found a previously unknown physiological pathway connecting POMC neurons via the sympathetic nervous system to circulating adiponectin, thereby shedding light on the biological regulation of adiponectin. Obese female hypothalamic-specific Pomc-deficient mice have unexpectedly elevated circulating adiponectin. Restoration of Pomc expression in the hypothalamus reduces plasma adiponectin. Low sympathetic output to subcutaneous fat depots in the Pomc-deficient mice contributes to high adiponectin levels. Deletion of adiponectin in hypothalamic-specific Pomc-deficient mice does not alter their metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Kavaljit H Chhabra
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zoe Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Graham L Jones
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sylee Kiran
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; School of Literature, Science, and Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary Shangguan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Malcolm J Low
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Adrenergic stimulation of adiponectin secretion in visceral mouse adipocytes is blunted in high-fat diet induced obesity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10680. [PMID: 31337827 PMCID: PMC6650418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone adiponectin is secreted by white adipocytes and has been put forward as a key mediator of obesity-linked insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Although adiponectin was discovered two decades ago, the knowledge about the molecular and cellular regulation of its secretion is incomplete. Here we have investigated the adrenergic regulation of adiponectin secretion in primary visceral (gonadal) adipocytes isolated from lean or obese/diabetic mice. We show that visceral adipocyte adiponectin release is triggered by cAMP/catecholamines via signalling pathways involving adrenergic beta-3-receptors (β3ARs) and Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP, isoform 1 (Epac1). The adrenergically stimulated adiponectin secretion is blunted in visceral adipocytes isolated from obese and diabetic mice and our results suggest the existence of a secretory defect. We have previously shown that adiponectin secretion in subcutaneous adipocytes is abolished in the obese/diabetic state due to reduced abundance of β3ARs and Epac1. However, here we show that protein levels of β3ARs and Epac1 are maintained in visceral adipocytes from obese/diabetic mice proposing that other molecular defects underlie the blunted adiponectin release. Gene expression analysis indicate diabesity-associated disturbances of the signalling downstream of Epac1 and/or the exocytotic process itself. Our study proposes that visceral adipocytes partake in the regulated secretion of adiponectin and may thus influence circulating levels of the hormone, in health and in metabolic disease.
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TNF-α decreases lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by up-regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 4. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:533-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Komai AM, Musovic S, Peris E, Alrifaiy A, El Hachmane MF, Johansson M, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Olofsson CS. White Adipocyte Adiponectin Exocytosis Is Stimulated via β3-Adrenergic Signaling and Activation of Epac1: Catecholamine Resistance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:3301-3313. [PMID: 27554468 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the physiological regulation of adiponectin exocytosis in health and metabolic disease by a combination of membrane capacitance patch-clamp recordings and biochemical measurements of short-term (30-min incubations) adiponectin secretion. Epinephrine or the β3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist CL 316,243 (CL) stimulated adiponectin exocytosis/secretion in cultured 3T3-L1 and in primary subcutaneous mouse adipocytes, and the stimulation was inhibited by the Epac (Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP) antagonist ESI-09. The β3AR was highly expressed in cultured and primary adipocytes, whereas other ARs were detected at lower levels. 3T3-L1 and primary adipocytes expressed Epac1, whereas Epac2 was undetectable. Adiponectin secretion could not be stimulated by epinephrine or CL in adipocytes isolated from obese/type 2 diabetic mice, whereas the basal (unstimulated) adiponectin release level was elevated twofold. Gene expression of β3AR and Epac1 was reduced in adipocytes from obese animals, and corresponded to a respective ∼35% and ∼30% reduction at the protein level. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of β3AR (∼60%) and Epac1 (∼50%) was associated with abrogated catecholamine-stimulated adiponectin secretion. We propose that adiponectin exocytosis is stimulated via adrenergic signaling pathways mainly involving β3ARs. We further suggest that adrenergically stimulated adiponectin secretion is disturbed in obesity/type 2 diabetes as a result of the reduced expression of β3ARs and Epac1 in a state we define as "catecholamine resistance."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Komai
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Saliha Musovic
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eduard Peris
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Alrifaiy
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mickaël F El Hachmane
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Johansson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta S Olofsson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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