1
|
Donadille B, Janmaat S, Mosbah H, Belalem I, Lamothe S, Nedelcu M, Jannot AS, Christin-Maitre S, Fève B, Vatier C, Vigouroux C. Diagnostic and referral pathways in patients with rare lipodystrophy and insulin-resistance syndromes: key milestones assessed from a national reference center. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:177. [PMID: 38678257 PMCID: PMC11056061 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare syndromes of lipodystrophy and insulin-resistance display heterogeneous clinical expressions. Their early recognition, diagnosis and management are required to avoid long-term complications. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the patients' age at referral to our dedicated national reference center in France and their elapsed time from first symptoms to diagnosis and access to specialized care. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed data from patients with rare lipodystrophy and insulin-resistance syndromes referred to the coordinating PRISIS reference center (Adult Endocrine Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris), prospectively recorded between 2018 and 2023 in the French National Rare Disease Database (BNDMR, Banque Nationale de Données Maladies Rares). RESULTS A cohort of 292 patients was analyzed, including 208 women, with the following diagnosis: Familial Partial LipoDystrophy (FPLD, n = 124, including n = 67 FPLD2/Dunnigan Syndrome); Acquired lipodystrophy syndromes (n = 98, with n = 13 Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy, AGL); Symmetric cervical adenolipomatosis (n = 27, Launois-Bensaude syndrome, LB), Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (n = 18, CGL) and other rare severe insulin-resistance syndromes (n = 25). The median age at referral was 47.6 years [IQR: 31-60], ranging from 25.2 (CGL) to 62.2 years old (LB). The median age at first symptoms of 27.6 years old [IQR: 16.8-42.0]) and the median diagnostic delay of 6.4 years [IQR: 1.3-19.5] varied among diagnostic groups. The gender-specific expression of lipodystrophy is well-illustrated in the FPLD2 group (91% of women), presenting with first signs at 19.3 years [IQR: 14.4-27.8] with a diagnostic delay of 10.5 years [IQR: 1.8-27.0]. CONCLUSION The national rare disease database provides an important tool for assessment of care pathways in patients with lipodystrophy and rare insulin-resistance syndromes in France. Improving knowledge to reduce diagnostic delay is an important objective of the PRISIS reference center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Donadille
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Sonja Janmaat
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Héléna Mosbah
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Paris, France
| | - Inès Belalem
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lamothe
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Nedelcu
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Jannot
- Banque Nationale de Données Maladies Rares, DSN-I&D, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Christin-Maitre
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 933, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France.
- Saint-Antoine Research Center, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Inserm UMR_S 938, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yadav Y, Dey CS. PP2Cα aggravates neuronal insulin resistance leading to AD-like phenotype in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 644:49-54. [PMID: 36630734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal insulin resistance is a major risk for development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Studies already reported few kinases participating in neuronal insulin signaling connected with progression of AD pathogenesis, yet complete information is missing. α isoform of Protein Phosphatase-2C (PP2C) is a Ser/Thr phosphatase, only known in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as a positive regulator of insulin signaling. However, many aspects of its function in neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance are unidentified. Recently, we reported that PP2Cα positively regulates neuronal glucose uptake possibly by a mechanism of dephosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser522 and by inactivating AMPK, exacerbating hyperinsulinemia mediated neuronal insulin resistance. Since PP2Cα affected neuronal insulin signaling and AD is connected to neuronal insulin resistance, in the present study, we studied the role of PP2Cα in regulating activities of both isoforms of GSK3α and GSK3β (one of the leading kinases for AD progression). The results led us to test the role of PP2Cα on AD hallmarks. Silencing of PP2Cα caused hyperphosphorylation of a potential kinase Tau, leading to NFT formation and increased Aβ deposition. Our study thereby demonstrates escalation of hyperinsulinemia mediated neuronal insulin resistance leading to AD-like pathogenesis by PP2Cα in vitro and hints a novel molecule, PP2Cα, linking AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Yadav
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 10016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 10016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tagliaferri F, Massese M, Russo L, Commone A, Gasperini S, Pretese R, Dionisi-Vici C, Maiorana A. Hepatic glycogen storage diseases type 0, VI and IX: description of an italian cohort. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:285. [PMID: 35854365 PMCID: PMC9295101 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 0, VI and IX are inborn errors of metabolism involving hepatic glycogen synthesis and degradation. We performed a characterization of a large Italian cohort of 30 patients with GSD type 0a, VI, IXa, IXb and IXc. A retrospective evaluation of genetical, auxological and endocrinological data, biochemical tests, and nutritional intakes was assessed. Eventual findings of overweight/obesity and insulin-resistance were correlated with diet composition. Results Six GSD-0a, 1 GSD-VI, and 23 GSD-IX patients were enrolled, with an age of presentation from 0 to 72 months (median 14 months). Diagnosis was made at a median age of 30 months, with a median diagnostic delay of 11 months and a median follow-up of 66 months. From first to last visit, patients gained a median height of 0.6 SDS (from − 1.1 to 2.1 SDS) and a median weight of 0.5 SDS (from − 2.5 to 3.3 SDS); mean and minimal glucose values significant improved (p < 0.05). With respect to dietary intakes, protein intake (g/kg) and protein intake (g/kg)/RDA ratio directly correlated with the glucose/insulin ratio (p < 0.05) and inversely correlated with HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, p < 0.05), BMI SDS (p < 0.05) and %ibw (ideal body weight percentage, p < 0.01). Conclusion A prompt establishment of specific nutritional therapy allowed to preserve growth, improve glycemic control and prevent liver complication, during childhood. Remarkably, the administration of a high protein diet appeared to have a protective effect against overweight/obesity and insulin-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tagliaferri
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Miriam Massese
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Russo
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Commone
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Metabolic Unit Rare Disease, Pediatric Department, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Pretese
- Metabolic Unit Rare Disease, Pediatric Department, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Maiorana
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Musovic S, Komai AM, Said MK, Shrestha MM, Wu Y, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Olofsson CS. Noradrenaline and ATP regulate adiponectin exocytosis in white adipocytes: Disturbed adrenergic and purinergic signalling in obese and insulin-resistant mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 549:111619. [PMID: 35337901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
White adipocyte adiponectin exocytosis is triggered by cAMP and a concomitant increase of cytosolic Ca2+ potentiates its release. White adipose tissue is richly innervated by sympathetic nerves co-releasing noradrenaline (NA) and ATP, which may act on receptors in the adipocyte plasma membrane to increase cAMP via adrenergic receptors and Ca2+ via purinergic receptors. Here we determine the importance of NA and ATP for the regulation of white adipocyte adiponectin exocytosis, at the cellular and molecular level, and we specifically detail the ATP signalling pathway. We demonstrate that tyrosine hydroxylase (enzyme involved in catecholamine synthesis) is dramatically reduced in inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) isolated from mice with diet-induced obesity; this is associated with diminished levels of NA in IWAT and with a reduced ratio of high-molecular-weight (HMW) to total adiponectin in serum. Adiponectin exocytosis (measured as an increase in plasma membrane capacitance and as secreted product) is triggered by NA or ATP alone in cultured and primary mouse IWAT adipocytes, and enhanced by a combination of the two secretagogues. The ATP-induced adiponectin exocytosis is largely Ca2+-dependent and activated via purinergic P2Y2 receptors (P2Y2Rs) and the Gq11/PLC pathway. Adiponectin release induced by the nucleotide is abrogated in adipocytes isolated from obese and insulin-resistant mice, and this is associated with ∼70% reduced abundance of P2Y2Rs. The NA-triggered adiponectin exocytosis is likewise abolished in "obese adipocytes", concomitant with a 50% lower gene expression of beta 3 adrenergic receptors (β3ARs). An increase in intracellular Ca2+ is not required for the NA-stimulated adiponectin secretion. Collectively, our data suggest that sympathetic innervation is a principal regulator of adiponectin exocytosis and that disruptions of this control are associated with the obesity-associated reduction of circulating levels of HMW/total adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Musovic
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ali M Komai
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marina Kalds Said
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Man Mohan Shrestha
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta S Olofsson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Šebeková K, Gurecká R, Csongová M, Koborová I, Repiská G, Podracká Ľ. Lean insulin-resistant young adults display increased cardiometabolic risk: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109217. [PMID: 35114297 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated whether lean insulin-resistant individuals manifest increased cardiometabolic risk. METHODS 2,341 (51.8% females) healthy 16-23-year-old subjects were categorized as lean or overweight/obese; and insulin-sensitive or insulin-resistant, and compared. RESULTS In both sexes, lean insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant subjects displayed similar measures of obesity (e.g., males, waist-to-height ratio: lean insulin-sensitive: 0.42 ± 0.03, lean insulin-resistant: 0.43 ± 0.03, overweight/obese insulin-sensitive: 0.49 ± 0.05, overweight/obese insulin-resistant: 0.53 ± 0.06). Lean insulin-sensitive individuals were more insulin-sensitive compared with their overweight/obese peers; insulin-resistant groups presented similar insulin-sensitivity (males, the Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI): lean insulin-sensitive: 0.354 ± 0.022, lean insulin-resistant: 0.304 ± 0.013, overweight/obese insulin-sensitive: 0.343 ± 0.019, overweight/obese insulin-resistant: 0.299 ± 0.015). The two-factor analysis of variance indicated an independent effect of insulin sensitivity, overweight/obesity, and their interaction on the continuous metabolic syndrome score (p < 0.001, all; males, lean insulin-sensitive: 1.87 ± 0.35, lean insulin-resistant: 2.14 ± 0.42, overweight/obese insulin-sensitive: 2.15 ± 0.40, overweight/obese insulin-resistant: 2.75 ± 0.69). C-reactive protein, leukocyte count, and glomerular filtration rate in both sexes; uric acid, asymmetric dimethyl-arginine, and soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 in males; and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products in females were independently associated with insulin resistance. Among phenotypes associated with low QUICKI, the distribution of insulin-resistant individuals was random. CONCLUSION Later clinical consequences of insulin resistance in lean subjects remain to be elucidated in longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Melinda Csongová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Koborová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Repiská
- Institute of Physiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Podracká
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, and of The National Institute of Children's Health, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Puig-Jové C, Castelblanco E, Falguera M, Hernández M, Soldevila B, Julián MT, Teis A, Julve J, Barranco-Altirriba M, Franch-Nadal J, Puig-Domingo M, Ortega E, Amigó N, Alonso N, Mauricio D. Advanced lipoprotein profile in individuals with normal and impaired glucose metabolism. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2022; 75:22-30. [PMID: 33785266 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Several types of lipoproteins beyond low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are causally related to cardiovascular disease. We aimed to analyze an advanced lipoprotein profile in individuals with normal and impaired glucose metabolism from different cohorts of a Mediterranean region. METHODS Cross-sectional study in 929 participants (463 normoglycemia, 250 prediabetes, and 216 type 2 diabetes mellitus) with normal renal function, free from cardiovascular disease, and without lipid-lowering treatment. Conventional and advanced (nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectroscopy) lipoprotein profiles were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with men, normoglycemic women showed lower serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol concentrations, lower total LDL particles (P) as well as their subclasses and their cholesterol and triglyceride content, higher high-density lipoproteins (HDL)-P and all HDL-related variables (P≤ .05 for all comparisons). Compared with normoglycemic participants, diabetic participants showed higher large and small very LDL-P concentrations (P <.05) and lower total HDL-P and medium HDL-P concentrations (P <.05). Waist circumference and Fatty Liver Index were positively associated with a proatherogenic profile. CONCLUSIONS Women had a better advanced lipoprotein profile than did men. Adiposity indexes related to insulin-resistance were positively associated with a proatherogenic lipid profile. NMR revealed altered lipoprotein particles other than LDL in participants with diabetes, frequently associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Our findings support the usefulness of extended lipoprotein analysis by NMR spectroscopy to uncover new therapeutic targets to prevent cardiovascular events in at-risk participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Puig-Jové
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario e Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Falguera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Universidad de Lleida, Centro de Atención Primaria Cervera, Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Institut Català de la Salut, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Berta Soldevila
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario e Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Julián
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario e Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Teis
- Servicio de Cardiología, Institut del Cor (iCor), Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Barranco-Altirriba
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; DAP-Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario e Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Cínico de Barcelona, Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica y Automática, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario e Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Vic - Universidad Central de Cataluña (UVic/UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paola Gutiérrez Castro K, Patricia González A, Caccavello R, Garay-Sevilla ME, Gugliucci A. Lean adolescents with insulin resistance display higher angiopoietin like protein 3, ApoC-III and chylomicron remnant dyslipidemia. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 526:43-48. [PMID: 34971570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL: chylomicrons and VLDL) are a key component of diabetes dyslipoproteinemia and cardiovascular risk. We have shown that it is already prevalent in obese adolescents in association with lipoprotein lipase (LPL) dysregulation. Insulin resistance (IR) suffices to produce TRL dyslipoproteinemia and LPL dysfunction even in the absence of obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included euglycemic adolescents between 15 and 19 y, classified in 4 groups according to BMI, HOMA-IR and fasting lipid as: metabolically healthy lean (MHL, n = 30), metabolically unhealthy lean (MUL, n = 25), metabolically healthy obese (MHO, = 30), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO, n = 42). RESULTS As compared to MHL, MUL participants showed 73% higher concentrations of ApoB-48; 84% of ApoC-III; 24% ANGPTL-3; 200% of TG; 218% of VLDL-C and 238% of TG/HDL-C c, No changes were found in LPL mass. Interestingly, the differences in these parameters between MUL and MHO were not significant. CONCLUSION Euglycemic lean adolescents with IR display TRL dyslipoproteinemia with increased inhibition of LPL as highlighted by higher concentrations of ANGPTL-3, ApoC-III and fasting chylomicron remnants (ApoB-48).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alma Patricia González
- Department of Medical Science. Division of Health Science. University of Guanajuato. Campus León, Mexico; High Specialty Medical Unit. Hospital of Gynecology and Pediatrics # 48. Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Russell Caccavello
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Dept. of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, United States
| | - Ma Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medical Science. Division of Health Science. University of Guanajuato. Campus León, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Dept. of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chatterjee A, Basu A, Das K, Singh P, Mondal D, Bhattacharya B, Roychoudhury S, Majumder PP, Chowdhury A, Basu P. Hepatic transcriptome signature correlated with HOMA-IR explains early nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:472-481. [PMID: 32682086 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multistage with heterogeneous outcomes. We studied the influence of insulin resistance (IR) on the hepatic transcriptome of early NAFLD stages, to understand disease development. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, possible clinicopathological risk factors were compared between mild-NAFL (N = 72) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; N = 51) patients. Liver tissue-transcriptome difference was studied between a subset of 25 mild-NAFL and 20 NASH biopsies and validated on another subset of 12 mild-NAFL and 13 NASH biopsies, using RT-PCR. The relationship between IR driven gene expression changes with fibrosis in NASH was investigated. RESULTS Significantly higher weight (p = 0.005) and elevated levels of HbA1c (p = 0.009), FBG (p = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.009) were found in NASH patients. Five differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold change > 1.5) were identified in NASH-FABP4, FABP5L2, CD24, PRAP1, and SPP1. The DEGs were positively associated with disease severity and HOMA-IR, and were found to be efficient classifiers of mild-NAFL and NASH. Additional 1218 genes identified related to IR (IrCGs), which can classify NASH-with-fibrosis patients separately from mild-NAFL and NASH patients. IrCGs can promote intra-hepatic fat accumulation, dysregulation of the lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity, and activation of cell survival pathways including activation of cell proliferation and differentiation pathways. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic expression of genes associated with insulin resistance may drive NAFLD development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chatterjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Analabha Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Kausik Das
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipankar Mondal
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarshi Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng T, Chen H. Resveratrol ameliorates the glucose uptake and lipid metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus mice and insulin-resistant adipocytes via miR-23a-3p/NOV axis. Mol Immunol 2021; 137:163-173. [PMID: 34256324 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol improves insulin-resistance (IR) of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mice. Low-expressed miR-23a-3p in diabetes patients regulates IR of adipocytes. Hence, we speculated the effect of Res on GDM mice was realized through regulating miR-23a-3p. METHODS The GDM model was established in mice by high-fat diet, treated with miR-23a-3p antagomiR, and further performed with glucose and insulin tolerance tests. The bodyweight, serum glucose and serum insulin, and the expressions of miR-23a-3p and nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) in mouse adipose tissues were detected. MiR-23a-3p target was identified by Starbase and dual-luciferase reporter. Then, an IR adipocyte model was established by dexamethasone-inducing and further treated with Resveratrol or transfected with miR-23a-3p inhibitor or siNOV. The cell glucose intake was detected by radioimmunoassay. The expressions of miR-23a-3p, NOV, Adiponectin, Leptin, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, and Akt in the adipocytes were determined by qPCR or Western blot. RESULTS Resveratrol decreased bodyweight, glucose level, insulin level, and the expressions of miR-23a-3p and NOV in the GDM mice, which was reversed by miR-23a-3p antagomiR. MiR-23a-3p targeted NOV. Resveratrol increased the glucose intake and the expressions of miR-23a-3p, Adiponectin, Leptin, p-PI3K, and p-Akt, decreased NOV expression in the IR adipocytes. The effect of the miR-23a-3p inhibitor on adipocytes with IR was opposite to Resveratrol, and the effects siNOV was the same as Resveratrol, except for its effect on miR-23a-3p expression. Effect of Res on the adipocytes with IR was counteracted by miR-23a-3p inhibitor whose effect was reversed by siNOV. CONCLUSION Resveratrol ameliorated glucose uptake and lipid metabolism of the GDM mice and adipocytes with IR by regulating miR-23a-3p/NOV axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Hainan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Barbagallo F, Aversa A, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. TSH lowering effects of metformin: a possible mechanism of action. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1547-1550. [PMID: 33058005 PMCID: PMC8195970 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that metformin has TSH lowering effects in patients with T2DM and hypothyroidism or in those with TSH serum levels in the upper normal value. Also, metformin may exert a protective role against thyroid nodules growth in patients without insulin-resistance. The cross-talk between tyrosine kinase receptors and the G protein-coupled receptors (which the TSHR belongs to) has been already shown and IRS1 may represent the hub link between TSHR and IR pathways. By influencing IRS1 phosphorylation pattern, metformin may sensitize TSHR to TSH, thus explaining the findings of clinical studies. However, the existence of this molecular pathway must be confirmed through proper studies and further prospective randomized placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - R A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - F Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - A Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - S La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharma R, Tiwari S. Renal gluconeogenesis in insulin resistance: A culprit for hyperglycemia in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:556-568. [PMID: 33995844 PMCID: PMC8107972 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal gluconeogenesis is one of the major pathways for endogenous glucose production. Impairment in this process may contribute to hyperglycemia in cases with insulin resistance and diabetes. We reviewed pertinent studies to elucidate the role of renal gluconeogenesis regulation in insulin resistance and diabetes. A consensus on the suppressive effect of insulin on kidney gluconeogenesis has started to build up. Insulin-resistant models exhibit reduced insulin receptor (IR) expression and/or post-receptor signaling in their kidney tissue. Reduced IR expression or post-receptor signaling can cause impairment in insulin’s action on kidneys, which may increase renal gluconeogenesis in the state of insulin resistance. It is now established that the kidney contributes up to 20% of all glucose production via gluconeogenesis in the post-absorptive phase. However, the rate of renal glucose release excessively increases in diabetes. The rise in renal glucose release in diabetes may contribute to fasting hyperglycemia and increased postprandial glucose levels. Enhanced glucose release by the kidneys and renal expression of the gluconeogenic-enzyme in diabetic rodents and humans further point towards the significance of renal gluconeogenesis. Overall, the available literature suggests that impairment in renal gluconeogenesis in an insulin-resistant state may contribute to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guarino G, Della Corte T, Strollo F, Gentile S. Policaptil Gel Retard in adult subjects with the metabolic syndrome: Efficacy, safety, and tolerability compared to metformin. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:901-907. [PMID: 33906073 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policaptil Gel Retard® (PGR), is a new macromolecule complex based on polysaccharides slowing the rate of carbohydrate and fat absorption. It proved to significantly reduce body weight, acanthosis nigricans expression, HbA1c levels, and glucose metabolism abnormalities in obese, hyper-insulinemic adolescents. No such data are available for adults. AIM to compare the effects of PGR vs. metformin in adult subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and T2DM on a Low Glycemic Index diet. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This spontaneous clinical, longitudinal, single-blind, randomized study based on a per-protocol analysis enrolled 100 outpatients with MS and T2DM consecutively referring to our clinic for three months, and randomly assigned to either the active treatment (Group A:, 6 tablets/day) or the comparator (Group B: Metformin tablets, 1500-2000 mg/day in two divided doses during the two main meals, to minimize side effects) to be taken 30 min before each main meal in equally divided doses. Serum lipid profile, anthropometry, HOMA-IR index, and tolerability parameters were evaluated before and after a 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS all parameters improved at a similar rate in both groups but for the lipid profile, which got even better in Group A. Group A also experienced less prominent gastrointestinal side effects than its counterpart. CONCLUSION For the first time, we showed the non-inferiority of PGR compared to metformin in obese adult subjects with the MS and T2DM as for glycemic control and a clear-cut superiority of PGR in terms of both serum lipid-lowering capacity and tolerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Guarino
- Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - T Della Corte
- Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Nefrocenter Research Network & Nyx Research Start-Up, Naples, Italy.
| | - F Strollo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - S Gentile
- Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Nefrocenter Research Network & Nyx Research Start-Up, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim SW, Jung WS, Chung S, Park HY. Exercise intervention under hypoxic condition as a new therapeutic paradigm for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:331-343. [PMID: 33889283 PMCID: PMC8040082 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the health benefits of exposure to hypoxic conditions during exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exposure to hypoxic conditions during exercise training positively changes the physiological response in healthy subjects. Exposure to hypoxic conditions during exercise could markedly increase skeletal muscle glucose uptake compared to that in normoxic conditions. Furthermore, post-exercise insulin sensitivity of T2DM patients increases more when exercising under hypoxic than under normoxic conditions. Regular exercise under short-term hypoxic conditions can improve blood glucose control at lower workloads than in normoxic conditions. Additionally, exercise training under short-term hypoxic conditions can maximize weight loss in overweight and obese patients. Previous studies on healthy subjects have reported that regular exercise under hypoxic conditions had a more positive effect on vascular health than exercising under normoxic conditions. However, currently, evidence indicating that exposure to hypoxic conditions could positively affect T2DM patients in the long-term is lacking. Therefore, further evaluations of the beneficial effects of exercise under hypoxic conditions on the human body, considering different cycle lengths, duration of exposures, sessions per day, and the number of days, are necessary. In this review, we conclude that there is evidence that exercise under hypoxic conditions can yield health benefits, which is potentially valuable in terms of clinical care as a new intervention for T2DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Won-Sang Jung
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
- Department of Sports Science and Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barchetta I, Bertoccini L, Sentinelli F, Bailetti D, Marini G, Cimini FA, Ceccarelli V, Struck J, Schulte J, Loche S, Cossu E, Melander O, Cavallo MG, Baroni MG. Circulating pro-neurotensin levels predict bodyweight gain and metabolic alterations in children. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:902-910. [PMID: 33549442 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Neurotensin (NT) is an intestinal peptide released after fat ingestion, which regulates appetite and facilitates lipid absorption. Elevated plasma levels of its stable precursor pro-neurotensin (pro-NT) are associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular mortality in adult populations; no data on pro-NT and metabolic disease are available in children. Aim of the study was to evaluate plasma pro-NT in relation to the presence of obesity in children, and to test if high pro-NT associates with the development of metabolic impairment later in life. METHODS AND RESULTS For this longitudinal retrospective study, we studied 151 overweight/obese children undergoing metabolic evaluations at University of Cagliari, Italy. Pro-NT was also assessed in 46 normal-weight, age-, sex-comparable normal-weight children, selected as a reference group. At the baseline, pro-NT was comparable between overweight/obese and normal-weight children and correlated positively with age (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.001) and inversely with HDL levels (p = 0.008). Plasma pro-NT associated with high triglycerides with OR = 5.9 (95%CI: 1.24-28.1; p = 0.026) after adjustment for multiple confounders. At the 6.5-year follow-up, high basal pro-NT associated with impaired β-cell function to compensate for insulin-resistance (disposition index: r = -0.19, p = 0.035) and predicted bodyweight increase, as indicated by percentage change of standard deviation score BMI (median(95%CI) = +20.8(+4.9-+27.5)% in the highest tertile), independently from age, sex, triglycerides and insulin-resistance (standardized β = 0.24; p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Elevated pro-NT levels in children are significantly associated with weight gain later in life and may represent a marker of susceptibility to metabolic impairment in presence of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sentinelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Bailetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Marini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandro Loche
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico "A. Cao", Cagliari, Italy
| | - Efisio Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmoe, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria G Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G Baroni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Neuroendocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Is, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sarkar P, Thirumurugan K. New insights into TNFα/PTP1B and PPARγ pathway through RNF213- a link between inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, and Moyamoya disease. Gene 2020; 771:145340. [PMID: 33333224 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are always at a higher risk of ischemic diseases like coronary artery diseases. One such ischemic carotid artery disease is Moyamoya disease (MMD) associated with diabetes Type I and II, but the causality was unclear. Ring Finger Protein 213 (RNF213) is the major susceptible gene for MMD. To understand the association between diabetes mellitus and MMD we chose the major players from both of the anomalies: insulin and RNF213. But before establishing the role of RNF213 in the insulin-regulating pathway we had to understand the involvement of RNF213 within different biological systems. For this, we have adopted a preliminary computational approach to find the prominent interactions of RNF213. Our first objective was to construct an interactome for RNF213. We have analyzed several curated databases and adapted a list of RNF213 interacting partners to develop its interactome. Then to understand the involvement of this interactome in biological functions we have analyzed major biological pathways, biological processes, and prominent clusters related to this interactome through a computational approach. Then to develop a pathway that might give clues for RNF213 involvement in the insulin regulatory pathway we have validated the intercluster and intracluster predictions and identified a regulatory pathway for RNF213. RNF213 interactome was observed to be involved in adaptive immunity with 4 major clusters; one of the clusters involved TNFα. The immune system involves several pathways, and therefore at this point, we have chosen an event-based strategy to obtain an explicit target. Immunity is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNFα. TNFα-mediated inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance are associated. Therefore we chose to explore the role of RNF213 in TNFα-mediated inflammation in macrophages and inflammation-mediated insulin-resistance in adipocytes. We have observed an enhancement of RNF213 gene expression by LPS mediated pro-inflammatory stimuli and suppression by PPARγ-mediated anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing stimuli in macrophages, and also in adipocytes. Administration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα was able to impede the reduction in RNF213 expression during adipogenesis and this effect was observed to be mediated by PTP1B. Inactivation of PTP1B abolished RNF213 expression which in turn enhanced the adipogenesis process through enhanced PPARγ. Constitutive expression of RNF213 suppressed the adipocyte differentiation by the inhibition of PPARγ. We could show the regulation of RNF213 by TNFα/PTP1B pathway and PPARγ. The constitutive expression of RNF213 during adipogenesis appears to be an adipostatic measure that obese patients acquire to inhibit further adipogenesis. This is verified in silico by analyzing the gene expression data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which showed a higher expression of RNF213 in adipose tissue samples of obese people. Overall this study gives new insights into the TNFα-mediated pathway in adipogenesis and suggests the role of RNF213 in adipogenesis via this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sarkar
- 206, Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- 206, Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hussein NA, Ebied SA, Nour HA, Zaki UK, El-Kotishy SM, Salem TM. Liraglutide treatment and acylcarnitine profiles in Egyptian obese insulin-resistant females. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173668. [PMID: 33098833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using metabolomics technique to investigate the response to liraglutide treatment produces helpful information regarding the effects of drug on metabolic regulation. This study tested whether loss of weight by liraglutide combined with decreasing acylcarnitines (AcylCNs) represent an effective strategy to improve insulin sensitivity in obese insulin-resistant females. AcylCN profiles by tandem mass spectrometry, plasma glycosylated hemoglobin, lactate, pyruvate, serum fasting glucose, creatinine, and insulin were assessed for obese insulin-resistant females before and after treatment with liraglutide for 3 months and non-obese females. All studied parameters in obese insulin-resistant females before treatment were significantly higher than control subjects except C0 and C3 levels which were significantly low. Liraglutide treatment was effective in weight loss, increased C0 and C3 levels and decreased values of all other studied parameters comparing with before treatment but still higher than control. However, creatinine level was unaffected by treatment. This study can conclude that circulating AcylCN profiles can reflect mitochondrial overload that happen in response to obesity. Also, AcylCNs can be used as markers for diagnosis of metabolic disorders. Liraglutide treatment leads to durable improvements in weight reduction and glycometabolic control and the utilization of intracellular glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neveen A Hussein
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Samia A Ebied
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Nour
- Physiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Usama K Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Sahar M El-Kotishy
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Salem
- Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Molonia MS, Occhiuto C, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Bashllari R, Villarroya F, Saija A, Cimino F, Cristani M. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside restores insulin signaling and reduces inflammation in hypertrophic adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108488. [PMID: 32692982 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by excess adipose tissue, macrophages infiltration, and inflammation which in turn lead to insulin-resistance. Epidemiological evidences reported that anthocyanins possess not only high antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities, but also improve metabolic complications associated with obesity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro beneficial effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in counteracting inflammation and insulin-resistance in 3T3-L1 hypertrophic adipocytes exposed to palmitic acid (PA). In the present study murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with C3G for 24 h and then exposed to palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h. Real-time PCR, western blotting analysis and Oil Red O staining were applied for investigating the mechanism involved in adipocytes dysfunction. C3G pretreatment reduced lipid accumulation, PPARγ pathway and NF-κB pathway induced by PA in murine adipocytes. In addition, our data demonstrated that PA reduced insulin signaling via IRS-1 Ser307phosphorylation while C3G dose-dependently improved insulin sensitivity restoring IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, C3G improved adiponectin mRNA levels altered by PA in 3T3-L1 murine and SGBS human adipocytes. Herein reported data demonstrate that C3G ameliorated adipose tissue dysfunction, thus suggesting new potential roles for this compound of nutritional interest in the prevention of pathological conditions linked to obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Romina Bashllari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER "Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad y Nutrición", Spain
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cigrovski Berkovic M, Virovic-Jukic L, Bilic-Curcic I, Mrzljak A. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus and preexisting liver disease - a bidirectional relationship affecting treatment and management. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2740-2757. [PMID: 32550751 PMCID: PMC7284186 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus (DM) are both common conditions with significant socioeconomic burden and impact on morbidity and mortality. A bidirectional relationship exists between DM and liver cirrhosis regarding both etiology and disease-related complications. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is a well-recognized risk factor for chronic liver disease and vice-versa, DM may develop as a complication of cirrhosis, irrespective of its etiology. Liver transplantation (LT) represents an important treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which represents a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and a common complication of T2DM. The metabolic risk factors including immunosuppressive drugs, can contribute to persistent or de novo development of DM and NAFLD after LT. T2DM, obesity, cardiovascular morbidities and renal impairment, frequently associated with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, may have negative impact on short and long-term outcomes following LT. The treatment of DM in the context of chronic liver disease and post-transplant is challenging, but new emerging therapies such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) targeting multiple mechanisms in the shared pathophysiology of disorders such as oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are a promising tool in future patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Cigrovski Berkovic
- Department of Kinesiological Anthropology and Methodology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Lucija Virovic-Jukic
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilic-Curcic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rodríguez-Mortera R, Caccavello R, Garay-Sevilla ME, Gugliucci A. Higher ANGPTL3, apoC-III, and apoB48 dyslipidemia, and lower lipoprotein lipase concentrations are associated with dysfunctional visceral fat in adolescents with obesity. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:61-8. [PMID: 32407781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that adolescents with obesity have higher remnant B48 concentrations associated with lipoprotein lipase dysregulation. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 32 adolescents with obesity and 27 control subjects. RESULTS As compared to lean controls, obese participants showed 35% higher concentrations of apoB48: 3.60 (2.93-4.30) vs 2.65 (1.64-3.68) ng/ml; 28% of apoC-III: (72.7 (58.6-89.7) vs 56.9 (44.8-79.8 ug/ml and 17% ANGPTL 3: (72.2 ± 20.2 vs 61.2 ± 19.2 ng/ml). This was accompanied by a 33% reduction in LPL: 13.1 ± 5.1 vs 18.9 ± 4.7 ng/ml. Obese participants had 25% lower adiponectin 2.9 (1.9-3.8) vs 4.4 (3.2.-5.2) μg/ml; 260% higher leptin 25.7 (11.2-44.8) vs 9.3 (2.8-20.7) ng/ml c and 83% higher Il-6: 2.2 (1.3-5.4) vs 1.2 (0.8-1.4) pg/ml. ApoC-III and ANGPTL3 correlated positively with VAI; ANGPTL3 negatively with HDL-C; LDL size and VLDL-C. ApoB48 correlated negatively with LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with obesity show higher ANGPTL3 compounded with increased apoC-III associated with increased CR and lower LPL mass. This is associated with inflammation and visceral fat. The significance of these findings resides in that they shed light on a mechanism for TRL dyslipidemia in adolescents: increased LPL inhibition impairs VLDL and chylomicron catabolism leading to atherogenic remnants.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rossi A, Simeoli C, Salerno M, Ferrigno R, Della Casa R, Colao A, Strisciuglio P, Parenti G, Pivonello R, Melis D. Imbalanced cortisol concentrations in glycogen storage disease type I: evidence for a possible link between endocrine regulation and metabolic derangement. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:99. [PMID: 32306986 PMCID: PMC7169016 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by mutations of either the G6PC gene (GSDIa) or the SLC37A4 gene (GSDIb). Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) availability has been shown to modulate 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), an ER-bound enzyme catalyzing the local conversion of inactive cortisone into active cortisol. Adrenal cortex assessment has never been performed in GSDI. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the adrenal cortex hormones levels in GSDI patients. Methods Seventeen GSDI (10 GSDIa and 7 GSDIb) patients and thirty-four age and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Baseline adrenal cortex hormones and biochemical markers of metabolic control serum levels were analyzed. Low dose ACTH stimulation test was also performed. Results Baseline cortisol serum levels were higher in GSDIa patients (p = 0.042) and lower in GSDIb patients (p = 0.041) than controls. GSDIa patients also showed higher peak cortisol response (p = 0.000) and Cortisol AUC (p = 0.029). In GSDIa patients, serum cholesterol (p = 0.000), triglycerides (p = 0.000), lactate (p = 0.000) and uric acid (p = 0.008) levels were higher and bicarbonate (p = 0.000) levels were lower than controls. In GSDIb patients, serum cholesterol levels (p = 0.016) were lower and lactate (p = 0.000) and uric acid (p = 0.000) levels were higher than controls. Baseline cortisol serum levels directly correlated with cholesterol (ρ = 0.65, p = 0.005) and triglycerides (ρ = 0.60, p = 0.012) serum levels in GSDI patients. Conclusions The present study showed impaired cortisol levels in GSDI patients, with opposite trend between GSDIa and GSDIb. The otherwise preserved adrenal cortex function suggests that this finding might be secondary to local deregulation rather than hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in GSDI patients. We hypothesize that 11βHSD1 might represent the link between endocrine regulation and metabolic derangement in GSDI, constituting new potential therapeutic target in GSDI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Simeoli
- Dipartmento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Ferrigno
- Dipartmento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Della Casa
- Maternal-Infant Department, Pediatrics Unit, "San Pio" Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartmento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartmento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Section of Pediatrics, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 43 84081, Baronissi (Salerno), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Knudsen JR, Steenberg DE, Hingst JR, Hodgson LR, Henriquez-Olguin C, Li Z, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP, Verkade P, Jensen TE. Prior exercise in humans redistributes intramuscular GLUT4 and enhances insulin-stimulated sarcolemmal and endosomal GLUT4 translocation. Mol Metab 2020; 39:100998. [PMID: 32305516 PMCID: PMC7240215 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exercise is a cornerstone in the management of skeletal muscle insulin-resistance. A well-established benefit of a single bout of exercise is increased insulin sensitivity for hours post-exercise in the previously exercised musculature. Although rodent studies suggest that the insulin-sensitization phenomenon involves enhanced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 cell surface translocation and might involve intramuscular redistribution of GLUT4, the conservation to humans is unknown. Methods Healthy young males underwent an insulin-sensitizing one-legged kicking exercise bout for 1 h followed by fatigue bouts to exhaustion. Muscle biopsies were obtained 4 h post-exercise before and after a 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Results A detailed microscopy-based analysis of GLUT4 distribution within seven different myocellular compartments revealed that prior exercise increased GLUT4 localization in insulin-responsive storage vesicles and T-tubuli. Furthermore, insulin-stimulated GLUT4 localization was augmented at the sarcolemma and in the endosomal compartments. Conclusions An intracellular redistribution of GLUT4 post-exercise is proposed as a molecular mechanism contributing to the insulin-sensitizing effect of prior exercise in human skeletal muscle. Intramyocellular GLUT4 is redistributed 4 h after exercise in humans. GLUT4 content is increased in GLUT4 storage vesicles and T-tubuli post-exercise. Prior exercise + insulin increases sarcolemmal and endosomal GLUT4. GLUT4 redistribution may thus contribute to post-exercise muscle insulin-sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R Knudsen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark; Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batiment BM, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorte E Steenberg
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Lorna R Hodgson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Castro MC, Villagarcía H, Nazar A, Arbeláez LG, Massa ML, Del Zotto H, Ríos JL, Schinella GR, Francini F. Cacao extract enriched in polyphenols prevents endocrine-metabolic disturbances in a rat model of prediabetes triggered by a sucrose rich diet. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 247:112263. [PMID: 31580944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cocoa extracts rich in polyphenols are used as potential agent for treating diabetes. Cocoa polyphenols have been proved to ameliorate important hallmarks of type-2 diabetes (T2D). They can regulate glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion, promoting β-cell proliferation and a reduction of insulin resistance. In addition, epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases the incidence of T2D. AIM OF THE STUDY T2D is preceded by a prediabetic state in which the endocrine-metabolic changes described in T2D are already present. Since epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases its incidence, we evaluated possible preventive effects of polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract on a model of prediabetes induced by sucrose. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined circulating parameters and insulin sensitivity indexes, liver protein carbonyl groups and reduced glutathione, liver mRNA expression levels of lipogenic enzymes, expression of different pro-inflammatory mediators, fructokinase activity and liver glycogen content. For that, radioimmunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, spectrophotometry, and immunohistochemistry were used. RESULTS We demonstrated that sucrose administration triggered hypertriglyceridemia, insulin-resistance, and liver increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers compared to control rats. Additionally, we found an increase in glycogen deposit, fructokinase activity, and lipogenic genes expression (SREBP-1c, FAS and GPAT) together with a decrease in P-Akt and P-eNOS protein content (P < 0.05). Sucrose-induced insulin resistance, hepatic carbohydrate and lipid dysmetabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation were effectively disrupted by polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract (PECE) co-administration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective and complementary tool for preventing or reverting T2D at an early stage of its development (prediabetes).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Castro
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hernán Villagarcía
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ada Nazar
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luisa González Arbeláez
- CIC (Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM), La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Laura Massa
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Héctor Del Zotto
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - José Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermo R Schinella
- Cátedra Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP and CICPBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Flavio Francini
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stošić-Grujičić S, Saksida T, Miljković Đ, Stojanović I. MIF and insulin: Lifetime companions from common genesis to common pathogenesis. Cytokine 2019; 125:154792. [PMID: 31400637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory nature of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been generally related to the propagation of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. But this molecule possesses many other peculiar functions, unrelated to the immune system, among which is its supportive role in the post-translational modifications of insulin. In this way MIF enables proper insulin conformation within the pancreatic beta cell and its full activity. The inherent or acquired changes in MIF expression might therefore lead to different insulin processing and initiation of autoimmunity. The relation between MIF and insulin does not stop at this point; these two molecules continue to interact during pathological states characterized by inflammation and insulin resistance. In this context, MIF indirectly and negatively influences insulin action by boosting inflammatory environment and disabling target cells to respond to insulin. On the other side, insulin might interfere with MIF action as well, acting as an anti-inflammatory mediator. Therefore, the proper interaction between MIF and insulin is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, while anti-inflammatory therapies based on the systemic MIF blockage may disturb this balance. This review covers MIF-insulin relationship in the physiological and pathological conditions and discusses the approaches for MIF inhibition and their net effect specifically considering possible impact on insulin misfolding and the possible misinterpretation of previous results due to the discovery of MIF functional homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Stošić-Grujičić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghobadi H, Alipour MR, Keyhanmanesh R, Boskabady MH, Aslani MR. Effect of High-fat Diet on Tracheal Responsiveness to Methacholine and Insulin Resistance Index in Ovalbumin-sensitized Male and Female Rats. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 18:48-61. [PMID: 30848573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated a close association between obesity and asthma. The current study investigated the effect of high-fat diet on tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and insulin resistance in ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized male and female rats. The rats were divided into eight groups (n=6 per group): female with the normal diet (F+ND), male with the normal diet (M+ND), female OVA-sensitized with the normal diet (F+SND), male OVA-sensitized with the normal diet (M+SND), female with high-fat diet (F+HFD), male with high-fat diet (M+HFD), female OVA-sensitized with high-fat diet (F+SHFD), and male OVA-sensitized with high-fat diet (M+SHFD). All rats were fed for 8 weeks with high-fat diet or standard pelts, and for another 4 weeks, they were sensitized with OVA or saline. At the end of the study, the tracheal responsiveness to methacholine, serum insulin, and blood glucose levels was measured. Also, insulin resistance indexes were determined. OVA-sensitization and diet-induced obesity caused the curve of methacholine concentration response to shifting to the left. In addition, results indicated that the EC50 (the effective concentration of methacholine generating 50% of peak response) in F+SHFD rats was statistically lower than M+SHFD group (p<0.05). Moreover, insulin resistance was higher in the F+SHFD than the M+SHFD group (p<0.001). These results suggest that insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity associated with OVA-sensitized rats condition, especially in female animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghobadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | | | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Ardabil Imam Khomeini Educational and Clinical Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rossi A, Ruoppolo M, Formisano P, Villani G, Albano L, Gallo G, Crisci D, Moccia A, Parenti G, Strisciuglio P, Melis D. Insulin-resistance in glycogen storage disease type Ia: linking carbohydrates and mitochondria? J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:985-995. [PMID: 29435782 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by mutations of either the G6PC gene (GSDIa) or the SLC37A4 gene (GSDIb). GSDIa patients are at higher risk of developing insulin-resistance (IR). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development of IR. Mitochondrial dysfunction can demonstrate abnormalities in plama acylcarnitines (ACs) and urine organic acids (UOA). The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of mitochondrial impairment in GSDI patients and its possible connection with IR. METHODS Fourteen GSDIa, seven GSDIb patients, 28 and 14 age and sex-matched controls, were enrolled. Plasma ACs, UOA, and surrogate markers of IR (HOMA-IR, QUICKI, ISI, VAI) were measured. RESULTS GSDIa patients showed higher short-chain ACs and long-chain ACs levels and increased urinary excretion of lactate, pyruvate, 2-ketoglutarate, 3-methylglutaconate, adipate, suberate, aconitate, ethylmalonate, fumarate, malate, sebacate, 4-octenedioate, 3OH-suberate, and 3-methylglutarate than controls (p < 0.05). GSDIb patients showed higher C0 and C4 levels and increased urinary excretion of lactate, 3-methylglutarate and suberate than controls (p < 0.05). In GSDIa patients C18 levels correlated with insulin serum levels, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and ISI; long-chain ACs levels correlated with cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT serum levels, and VAI. DISCUSSION Increased plasma ACs and abnormal UOA profile suggest mitochondrial impairment in GSDIa. Correlation data suggest a possible connection between mitochondrial impairment and IR. We hypothesized that mitochondrial overload might generate by-products potentially affecting the insulin signaling pathway, leading to IR. On the basis of the available data, the possible pathomechanism for IR in GSDIa is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Clinical Pathology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Villani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Albano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Crisci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Augusta Moccia
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Clinical Pathology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bertino G, Malaguarnera G, Frazzetto E, Sciuto A, Inserra G, Zanghì GN, Malaguarnera M. Responsibility of hepatitis C virus in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: From molecular alterations to possible solutions. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:448-451. [PMID: 29988862 PMCID: PMC6033714 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i6.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but certainly the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common. The HCV is able to contribute, both directly and indirectly, to the development of HCC. Determining early HCV clearance before an advanced liver disease develops, is absolutely necessary as this prevents the initiation of the cascade of events induced by HCV that may result in the development of HCC. The early treatment of the infection and the clearance of HCV represents today, in the age of the direct antiviral agents (DAAs), an extraordinary opportunity for true prevention of the development of HCV-related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico”, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Giulia Malaguarnera
- Research Center “the Great Senescence”, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Evelise Frazzetto
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico”, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Alice Sciuto
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico”, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Gaetano Inserra
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Guido Nicola Zanghì
- Department of Surgery, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Research Center “the Great Senescence”, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gnasso A, Cacia M, Cortese C, Succurro E, Andreozzi F, Carallo C, Irace C. No effect on the short-term of a decrease in blood viscosity on insulin resistance. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 68:45-50. [PMID: 29036798 DOI: 10.3233/ch-170288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood viscosity (BV) might influence glucose delivery to peripheral tissues and play an important role in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. However, the exact relationship between BV and insulin resistance is not yet clear. OBJECTIVES Aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of the acute reduction in BV on insulin resistance, in healthy male subjects. METHODS Fifteen healthy male blood donors have been studied before and 48 hours after blood donation. Blood and plasma viscosity have been measured at 37°C with a cone-plate viscometer. Insulin resistance has been evaluated by euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp in eight subjects, and by iHOMA2 Index in further seven subjects. RESULTS Blood viscosity was markedly reduced after blood donation (BV225 (cP) 4.53 ± 0.59 vs. 4.18 ± 0.31, p < 0.05). Insulin resistance was unchanged: MFFM clamp: 5.6 ± 4.5vs. 4.4 ± 2.2 and iHOMA2 Index 1.2 ± 0.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.5, before vs. after respectively, p = NS. Blood pressure and lipids were unchanged after blood donation. CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrate that acute reduction of BV in healthy male subjects does not change the insulin resistance, measured using both euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp and iHOMA2 Index. Further intervention studies are needed to assess the effect that the reduction in BV can have in subjects with insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Gnasso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Cacia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Carallo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Concetta Irace
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Villagarcía HG, Castro MC, Arbelaez LG, Schinella G, Massa ML, Spinedi E, Francini F. N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine treatment efficiently prevented pre-diabetes and inflamed-dysmetabolic liver development in hypothalamic obese rats. Life Sci 2018. [PMID: 29522769 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hypothalamic obese rats are characterized by pre-diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperadiposity, inflammation and, liver dysmetabolism with oxidative stress (OS), among others. We studied endocrine-metabolic dysfunctions and, liver OS and inflammation in both monosodium l-glutamate (MSG)-neonatally damaged and control litter-mate (C) adult male rats, either chronically treated with N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine since weaned (C-NAC and MSG-NAC) or not. METHODOLOGY We evaluated circulating TBARS, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, uric acid (UA) and, aspartate and alanine amino-transferase; insulin sensitivity markers (HOMA indexes, Liver Index of Insulin Sensitivity -LISI-) were calculated and liver steps of the insulin-signaling pathway were investigated. Additionally, we monitored liver OS (protein carbonyl groups, GSH and iNOS level) and inflammation-related markers (COX-2 and TNFα protein content; gene expression level of Il1b, Tnfα and Pai-1); and carbohydrate and lipid metabolic functions (glucokinase/fructokinase activities and, mRNA levels of Srebp1c, Fas and Gpat). KEY FINDINGS Chronic NAC treatment in MSG rats efficiently decreased the high circulating levels of triglycerides, UA, transaminases and TBARS, as well as peripheral (high insulinemia and HOMA indexes) and liver (LISI and the P-AKT:AKT and P-eNOS:eNOS protein ratio values) insulin-resistance. Moreover, NAC therapy in MSG rats prevented liver dysmetabolism by decreasing local levels of OS and inflammation markers. Finally, NAC-treated MSG rats retained normal liver glucokinase and fructokinase activities, and Srebp1c, Fas and Gpat (lipogenic genes) expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE Our study strongly supports that chronic oral antioxidant therapy (NAC administration) prevented the development of pre-diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflamed-dysmetabolic liver in hypothalamic obese rats by efficiently decreasing high endogenous OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Cecilia Castro
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina
| | | | - Guillermo Schinella
- Cátedra Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP and CICPBA, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Laura Massa
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Spinedi
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina
| | - Flavio Francini
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mancini A, Di Segni C, Bruno C, Olivieri G, Guidi F, Silvestrini A, Meucci E, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Tiano L, Pontecorvi A. Oxidative stress in adult growth hormone deficiency: different plasma antioxidant patterns in comparison with metabolic syndrome. Endocrine 2018; 59:130-136. [PMID: 29143180 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition associated with increased cardiovascular risk and insulin-resistance. Oxidative stress (OS) could be a mechanism underlying both these phenomena. In order to investigate plasma antioxidant defenses in such condition, we evaluated adults with GHD, compared with controls and metabolic syndrome patients (MetS), studying plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, lipophilic antioxidant) levels, both in its oxidized and reduced forms, correlating this data with metabolic and hormonal pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 51 GHD, 36 controls, and 35 MetS were enrolled. An evaluation of hormonal and metabolic parameters was performed. TAC was measured using the system metmyoglobin -H202 and the chromogen ABTS, whose radical form is spectroscopically revealed; latency time (LAG) in the appearance of ABTS● is proportional to antioxidant in sample. CoQ10 was assayed by electrochemical method. RESULTS Despite HOMA index was higher in both GHD and MetS (2.2 ± 0.3 and 3.1 ± 0.3 vs. 1.2 ± 0.2 in controls), only in MetS we observed lower LAG levels (64.5 ± 3.1 s vs. 82.8 ± 5.8 in GHD and 80.6 ± 6.6 in controls), suggesting an increased consumption of antioxidants. LAG significantly correlated with uric acid only in MetS (r 2 = 0.65, p < 0.001), suggesting a different pattern of antioxidants. CoQ10 exhibited a trend toward lower levels in GHD, although not significant. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that GHD, although sharing with MetS various metabolic features, including increased HOMA levels, showed a different pattern of plasma antioxidants, suggesting inadequate reactivity toward radical production rather than an antioxidants consumption as in MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mancini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy.
| | - Chantal Di Segni
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Carmine Bruno
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Giulio Olivieri
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Francesco Guidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Andrea Silvestrini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, 00168, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Meucci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Srilatha K, Bobby Z, Subrahmanyam DK, NithinKumar U. Insulin resistance and elevated C-reactive protein among first-degree relatives of ischemic stroke patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S873-S878. [PMID: 28705458 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history is one of the non-modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis are the two major mechanisms for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Screening of family members is an important method to identify individuals at risk. Therefore, this study was planned to assess the atherosclerotic risk factors in first-degree relatives of patients with ischemic stroke. METHODOLOGY Case group included 40 first-degree relatives of ischemic stroke patients between 30 and 50 years of age. Forty age and gender matched apparently healthy subjects without major risk factors were recruited as controls. Their blood samples were analysed for routine biochemical parameters, Fasting Insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and Homocysteine. RESULTS First-degree relatives showed dyslipidemia (High total cholesterol, elevated Low Density Lipoprotein and elevated Non-High Density Lipoprotein), hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance compared to controls. They had high levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p=0.045). There was positive correlation between fasting insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance with high sensitivity C-reactive protein among first-degree relatives. CONCLUSION First-degree relatives of ischemic stroke patients exhibited hyperinsulinemia, Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Insulin resistance, a low grade inflammatory state that leads to increased C-reactive protein which triggers the development of atherosclerosis. So screening for insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in first-degree relatives of ischemic stroke patients may help in preventing adverse vascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Srilatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Zachariah Bobby
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - D K Subrahmanyam
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Uppoor NithinKumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Feng PP, Zhu W, Gong JP. [Effect of liraglutide in treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: mechanism of action and research advances]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2017; 25:473-476. [PMID: 28763870 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a common chronic liver disease closely associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. It can gradually progress to liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma; however, there are still no specific therapeutic agents for this disease. Liraglutide is a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue and has a marked effect in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. At present, many studies indicate that liraglutide also has a certain therapeutic effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease during the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. This article reviews the known mechanisms of action of liraglutide in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The fifth people's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - P P Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - W Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - J P Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Trzepizur W, Khalyfa A, Qiao Z, Popko B, Gozal D. Integrated stress response activation by sleep fragmentation during late gestation in mice leads to emergence of adverse metabolic phenotype in offspring. Metabolism 2017; 69:188-198. [PMID: 28139216 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late gestational sleep fragmentation (SF) is highly prevalent particularly in obese women, and induces metabolic dysfunction in adult offspring mice. SF induces activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), which might be involved in metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that adult offspring of double mutant mice (DM) involving the critical ISR genes CHOP and GADD34 would be protected from developing obesity and insulin resistance following SF. METHODS Time-pregnant CHOP/GADD34 DM and wild type (WT) mice were randomly assigned to sleep control (SC) or SF conditions during the last 5days of gestation. At 24-weeks of age, body weight, fat mass, and HOMA-IR were assessed in the offspring. Tregs lymphocytes, Lyc6chigh, M1 and M2 macrophages were examined in visceral white adipose tissues (vWAT) using flow cytometry. The effects of plasma exosomes on adipocyte cell line proliferation, differentiation and insulin sensitivity were also evaluated. RESULTS SF-WT male showed significant increases in body weight, vWAT mass and HOMA-IR compared to SC-WT mice, while SF had no effect in SF-DM mice. Inflammatory macrophages (Ly-6chigh) and the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages were increased while FoxP3+ Tregs counts were decreased in SF-WT but not in SF-DM mice. Exosomes from SF-WT, but not from the SF-DM offspring increased pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and decreased in vitro adipocyte insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Activation of the ISR during late gestation, as induced by late gestational SF, appears to underlie some of the transgenerational modifications in metabolic genes ultimately contributing to a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adult offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Trzepizur
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhuanhong Qiao
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gasparini SJ, Weber MC, Henneicke H, Kim S, Zhou H, Seibel MJ. Continuous corticosterone delivery via the drinking water or pellet implantation: A comparative study in mice. Steroids 2016; 116:76-82. [PMID: 27815034 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of glucocorticoid excess in rodent models, reliable methods of continuous glucocorticoid delivery are essential. The current study compares two methods of corticosterone (CS) delivery in regards to their ability to induce typical adverse outcomes such as fat accrual, insulin resistance, sarcopenia and bone loss. Eight-week-old mice received CS for 4weeks either via the drinking water (25-100μgCS/mL) or through weekly surgical implantation of slow release pellets containing 1.5mg CS. Both methods induced abnormal fat mass accrual, inhibited lean mass accretion and bone expansion, suppressed serum osteocalcin levels and induced severe insulin resistance. There was a clear dose dependant relationship between the CS concentrations in the drinking water and the severity of the phenotype, with a concentration of 50μg CS/mL drinking water most closely matching the metabolic changes induced by weekly pellet implantations. In contrast to pellets, however, delivery of CS via the drinking water resulted in a consistent diurnal exposure pattern, closely mimicking the kinetics of clinical glucocorticoid therapy. In addition, the method is safe, inexpensive, easily adjustable, non-invasive and avoids operative stress to the animals. Our data demonstrate that delivery of CS via the drinking water has advantages over weekly implantations of slow-release pellets. A dose of 50μg CS/mL drinking water is appropriate for the investigation of chronic glucocorticoid excess in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Gasparini
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Marie-Christin Weber
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Henneicke
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Kim
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Concord Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
De Leo V, Musacchio MC, Cappelli V, Massaro MG, Morgante G, Petraglia F. Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:38. [PMID: 27423183 PMCID: PMC4947298 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 5-10 % of women of reproductive age. It generally manifests with oligo/anovulatory cycles, hirsutism and polycystic ovaries, together with a considerable prevalence of insulin resistance. Although the aetiology of the syndrome is not completely understood yet, PCOS is considered a multifactorial disorder with various genetic, endocrine and environmental abnormalities. Moreover, PCOS patients have a higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and their related morbidity, if compared to the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. De Leo
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M. C. Musacchio
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - V. Cappelli
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M. G. Massaro
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G. Morgante
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F. Petraglia
- Department Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khan S, Jena G. Sodium butyrate reduces insulin-resistance, fat accumulation and dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetic rat: A comparative study with metformin. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 254:124-34. [PMID: 27270450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences highlighted that histone deacetylases (HDACs) can deacetylate the histone, various transcription factors and regulatory proteins, which directly or indirectly affect glucose metabolism. The present study aimed to evaluate the comparative effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) and metformin on the glucose homeostasis, insulin-resistance, fat accumulation and dyslipidemia in type-2 diabetic rat. Diabetes was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats by the combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and low dose streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg). NaB at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg twice daily as well as metformin (as a positive control) 150 mg/kg twice daily for 10 consecutive weeks were administered by i.p. and oral route, respectively. NaB treatment significantly reduced the plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin-resistance, dyslipidemia and gluconeogenesis, which are comparable to metformin treatment. Further, NaB treatment ameliorated the micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis in liver and fat deposition in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue (adipocytes hypertrophy) as well as pancreatic beta-cell damage. In the present study, both NaB and metformin inhibited the diabetes-associated increased HDACs activity, thereby increased the acetylation of histone H3 in liver. The present findings demonstrated that NaB and metformin reduced insulin-resistance, dyslipidemia, fat accumulation and gluconeogenesis thereby improved the glucose homeostasis in rat. Thus, NaB might be a promising molecule for the prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maneschi E, Cellai I, Aversa A, Mello T, Filippi S, Comeglio P, Bani D, Guasti D, Sarchielli E, Salvatore G, Morelli A, Mazzanti B, Corcetto F, Corno C, Francomano D, Galli A, Vannelli GB, Lenzi A, Mannucci E, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Tadalafil reduces visceral adipose tissue accumulation by promoting preadipocytes differentiation towards a metabolically healthy phenotype: Studies in rabbits. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 424:50-70. [PMID: 26805634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of metabolically healthy adipocytes within dysfunctional adipose tissue may represent an attractive way to counteract metabolic syndrome (MetS). In an experimental animal model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS, in vivo, long- and short-term tadalafil treatments were able to reduce visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation and hypertriglyceridemia, and to induce the expression in VAT of the brown fat-specific marker, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). VAT preadipocytes (PAD), isolated from the tadalafil-treated HFD rabbits, showed: i) a multilocular morphology; ii) an increased expression of brown fat-specific genes (such as UCP1 and CIDEA); iii) improved mitochondrial structure and dynamic and reduced superoxide production; iv) improved insulin sensitivity. Similar effects were obtained after in vitro tadalafil treatment in HFD rPAD. In conclusion, tadalafil counteracted HFD-associated VAT alterations, by restoring insulin-sensitivity and prompting preadipocytes differentiation towards a metabolically healthy phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maneschi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cellai
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Filippi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Care, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Salvatore
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzanti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Corcetto
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Corno
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Francomano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Barbara Vannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannucci
- Diabetes Section Geriatric Unit, Department of Critical Care, Careggi Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Alkaloids include a family of naturally occurring chemical compounds containing mostly basic nitrogen atoms. Piperine is an alkaloid present in black pepper (Piper nigrum), one of the most widely used spices, in long pepper (Piper longum), and other Piper species fruits belonging to the family of Piperaceae. Piperine is responsible for the black pepper distinct biting quality. Piperine has many pharmacological effects and several health benefits, especially against chronic diseases, such as reduction of insulin-resistance, anti-inflammatory effects, and improvement of hepatic steatosis. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the effects of piperine, alone or in combination with other drugs and phytochemicals, in chronic diseases.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ben Abdelaziz R, Ben Chehida A, Azzouz H, Boudabbous H, Lascols O, Ben Turkia H, Tebib N. A novel homozygous missense mutation in the insulin receptor gene results in an atypical presentation of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 59:16-9. [PMID: 26691667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome) and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome are caused by mutations in the insulin receptor gene and are associated with extreme insulin resistance. Clinically these syndromes appear to represent points on a continuum of severity of receptor dysfunction, rather than completely distinct syndromes. We investigated a Libyan infant with growth retardation, facial dysmorphism (elfin-like features), acanthosis nigricans and hirsutism. Fasting hypoglycaemia and postprandial hyperglycaemia with persistent hyperinsulinemia were found. A novel homozygous missense mutation was found in exon 2, resulting in a substitution of a glycine-132 for a serine in the INSR α-subunit (c.394G > A; p.Gly132Ser). At age ten, he developed diabetes mellitus. At age eleven, patient is still alive with mental retardation and severe growth retardation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Ben Abdelaziz
- Department of Paediatrics, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Amel Ben Chehida
- Department of Paediatrics, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Azzouz
- Department of Paediatrics, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Boudabbous
- Department of Paediatrics, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olivier Lascols
- Department of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hadhami Ben Turkia
- Department of Paediatrics, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Néji Tebib
- Department of Paediatrics, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Frazier DT, Bettcher BM, Dutt S, Patel N, Mungas D, Miller J, Green R, Kramer JH. Relationship between Insulin-Resistance Processing Speed and Specific Executive Function Profiles in Neurologically Intact Older Adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2015; 21:622-8. [PMID: 26272269 DOI: 10.1017/S1355617715000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between insulin-resistance and constituent components of executive function in a sample of neurologically intact older adult subjects using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and latent factors of working memory, cognitive control and processing speed derived from confirmatory factor analysis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), mean arterial pressure (MAP), along with body mass index (BMI) and white matter hypointensity (WMH) were used to control for vascular risk factors, adiposity and cerebrovascular injury. The study included 119 elderly subjects recruited from the University of California, San Francisco Memory and Aging Center. Subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment, fasting blood draw and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Partial correlations and linear regression models were used to examine the HOMA-IR-executive function relationship. Pearson correlation adjusting for age showed a significant relationship between HOMA-IR and working memory (rp = -.18; p = .047), a trend with cognitive control (rp = -.17; p = .068), and no relationship with processing speed (rp = .013; p = .892). Linear regression models adjusting for demographic factors (age, education, and gender), LDL, MAP, BMI, and WMH indicated that HOMA-IR was negatively associated with cognitive control (r = -.256; p = .026) and working memory (r = -.234; p = .054). These results suggest a greater level of peripheral insulin-resistance is associated with decreased cognitive control and working memory. After controlling for demographic factors, vascular risk, adiposity and cerebrovascular injury, HOMA-IR remained significantly associated with cognitive control, with working memory showing a trend. These findings substantiate the insulin-resistance-executive function hypothesis and suggest a complex interaction, demonstrated by the differential impact of insulin-resistance on processing speed and specific aspects of executive function.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lucero D, Miksztowicz V, Macri V, López GH, Friedman S, Berg G, Zago V, Schreier L. Overproduction of altered VLDL in an insulin-resistance rat model: Influence of SREBP-1c and PPAR-α. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2015; 27:167-74. [PMID: 25796423 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In insulin-resistance, VLDL presents alterations that increase its atherogenic potential. The mechanism by which insulin-resistance promotes the production of altered VLDL is still not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), with the features of composition and size of VLDL in an insulin-resistance rat model induced by a sucrose rich diet (SRD). METHODS The study was conducted on 12 male Wistar rats (180g) receiving SRD (12 weeks) and 12 controls. Lipid profile, free fatty acids, glucose, and insulin were measured. Lipid content in liver and visceral fat were assessed. Isolated VLDL (d<1.006g/ml) was characterized by its chemical composition and size by HPLC. The respective hepatic expression of SREBP-1c and PPAR-α was determined (Western blot). RESULTS As expected, SRD had elevated triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids and insulin levels, and decreased HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), together with augmented hepatic and visceral fat (p<0.05). SRD showed higher VLDL total mass - with increased TG content - and predominance of large VLDL (p<0.05). SRD showed an increase in SREBP-1c (precursor and mature forms) and decreased PPAR-α expression (p<0.045). SREBP-1c forms were positively associated with VLDL total mass (p<0.04), VLDL-TG% (p<0.019), and large VLDL% (p<0.002). On the other hand, PPAR-α correlated negatively with VLDL total mass (p=0.05), VLDL-TG% (p=0.005), and large VLDL% (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Insulin-resistance, by coordinated activation of SREBP-1c and reduction of PPAR-α, could promote the secretion of larger and TG over-enriched VLDL particles, with greater atherogenic capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lucero
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Macri
- Oral and General Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo H López
- Bioanalytics, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National Southern University, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Friedman
- Oral and General Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Zago
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Schreier
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Palomba S, Falbo A, Chiossi G, Muscogiuri G, Fornaciari E, Orio F, Tolino A, Colao A, La Sala GB, Zullo F. Lipid profile in nonobese pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective controlled clinical study. Steroids 2014; 88:36-43. [PMID: 24945113 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid pattern and increased risk for obstetric/neonatal complications have been observed in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Pregnancy leads to physiologic changes in lipoprotein metabolism, and alterations in lipid profile have been related with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Based on these considerations, the aim of the present prospective controlled clinical study was to test the hypothesis that the changes in the lipid profile in patients with PCOS during pregnancy are characteristic and potentially related to the increased risk of obstetric/neonatal complications. One hundred and fifty nonobese PCOS women and 150 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Serum lipids, glucose, insulin, and androgens levels were serially assayed in all subjects before and throughout pregnancy. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in PCOS group than in healthy controls at each assessment. Throughout pregnancy, serum LDL and TG levels increased significantly (P<0.05) in both groups, although the change from pre-pregnancy values was significantly (P<0.05) greater in PCOS patients than in healthy controls. A significant (P<0.05) relationship was observed between serum LDL and TG changes and changes in both insulin sensitivity indexes and androgen levels in PCOS patients alone. After adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI and lipid levels, body weight gain, and insulin-resistance markers, serum TG concentrations during pregnancy were directly and independently associated with obstetric complications in both groups, whereas serum LDL levels only in PCOS patients. We can conclude that nonobese PCOS patients had specific changes in lipid profile during pregnancy, and that the lipid pattern typical of PCOS may account for the more frequent adverse pregnancy outcomes. PCOS-related hormonal and metabolic features, such as insulin resistance and high androgen levels, may mediate this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palomba
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS - ASMN, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Angela Falbo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS - ASMN, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chiossi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS - ASMN, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Endocrinology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Fornaciari
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS - ASMN, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Orio
- Endocrinology, University "Parthenope" of Naples, Via Partenope, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Tolino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Endocrinology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista La Sala
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS - ASMN, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Crépin D, Benomar Y, Riffault L, Amine H, Gertler A, Taouis M. The over-expression of miR-200a in the hypothalamus of ob/ob mice is linked to leptin and insulin signaling impairment. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:1-11. [PMID: 24394757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Early in life, leptin plays a crucial role in hypothalamic neural organization. Leptin, most likely, controls neural gene expression conferring then specific phenotype regarding energy homeostasis. MicroRNAs are new regulators for several physiological functions, including the regulation of metabolism. However, the impact of leptin on hypothalamic microRNA patterns remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429 are up-regulated in the hypothalamus of genetically obese and leptin deficient ob/ob mice. Leptin treatment down-regulates these miRNAs in ob/ob hypothalamus. The hypothalamic silencing of miR-200a increased the expression level of leptin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 2, reduced body weight gain, and restored liver insulin responsiveness. In addition, the overexpression of pre-miR-200a in a human neuroblastoma cell line impaired insulin and leptin signaling. These findings link the alteration of leptin and insulin signaling to the up-regulation of hypothalamic miR-200a which could be a new target for treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Crépin
- CNRS, Center of Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France; University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France
| | - Yacir Benomar
- CNRS, Center of Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France; University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France
| | - Laure Riffault
- CNRS, Center of Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France; University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France
| | - Hamza Amine
- CNRS, Center of Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France; University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France
| | - Arieh Gertler
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mohammed Taouis
- CNRS, Center of Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France; University Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, Orsay cedex F-91405, France.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Miksztowicz V, Morales C, Zago V, Friedman S, Schreier L, Berg G. Effect of insulin-resistance on circulating and adipose tissue MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in rats fed a sucrose-rich diet. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:294-300. [PMID: 24418386 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Adipose tissue produces different metalloproteinases (MMPs), involved in adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Different studies have shown that in obesity the behavior of different MMPs may be altered. However there are scarce data about the effect of insulin-resistance (IR) on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in adipose tissue. Our aim was to determine whether sucrose induced IR modifies MMP-2 and MMP-9 behavior in expanded visceral adipose tissue and the contribution of this tissue to circulating activity of these gelatinases. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats were fed with standard diet (Control) or standard diet plus 30% sucrose in the drinking water throughout 12 weeks (SRD). In epididymal adipose tissue vascular density, size and adipocyte density, PPARγ expression and MMP-2 and -9 were measured. Adipose tissue from SRD presented higher adipocyte size (6.32 ± 8.71 vs 4.33 ± 2.17 × 10(3) μm(2), p = 0.001) lower adipocyte density (164 (130-173) vs 190 (170-225) number/mm(2), p = 0.046) and lower vascular density (16.2 (12.8-23.5) vs 28.1 (22.3-46.5) blood vessels/mm(2), p = 0.002) than Control. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was decreased in SRD (1.93 ± 0.7 vs 3.92 ± 0.9 relative units, p = 0.048 and 1.80 ± 0.8 vs 5.13 ± 1.7 relative units, p = 0.004 respectively) in accordance with lower protein expression (0.35 ± 0.20 vs 2.71 ± 0.48 relative units, p = 0.004 and 1.12 ± 0.21 vs 1.52 ± 0.05 relative units, p = 0.036 respectively). There were no differences in PPARγ expression between groups. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance induced by SRD decreases MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in adipose tissue which would not represent an important source for circulating MMP-2 and -9. In this state of IR, PPARγ would not be involved in the negative regulation of adipose tissue gelatinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Miksztowicz
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Morales
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Zago
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Friedman
- Oral and General Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Schreier
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Berg
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Capasso I, Esposito E, de Laurentiis M, Maurea N, Cavalcanti E, Botti G, Petrillo A, Montella M, D’Aiuto M, Coppola C, Crispo A, Grimaldi M, Frasci G, Fucito A, Ciliberto G, D’Aiuto G. Metabolic syndrome-breast cancer link varies by intrinsic molecular subtype. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:105. [PMID: 25285159 PMCID: PMC4183766 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer. Existing data suggest that the strength of metabolic syndrome-breast cancer link varies by intrinsic molecular subtype, but results from worldwide literature are controversial. Primary endpoint of the study was to assess whether MS is a predictor of specific breast cancer (BC) subtype. Secondary endpoint was to determine whether components of MS can individually increase the risk of specific breast cancer subtype. METHODS Anthropometric and metabolic variables were correlated to breast cancer specific subgroups, retrospectively. Statistical significance was considered when p ≤ 0.05 and 95% CI. RESULTS Data analysis suggests that MS per se represents a modifiable risk factor for BC in postmenopausal [OR 6.28 (95% CI 2.79-14.11) p < 0.00001]. MS per se prevalence is higher among Luminal breast cancers in postmenopausal [OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.07-2.80) p = 0.03]. Body Mass Index (BMI) alone is associated to Luminal A subtype breast cancer risk [OR 1.12 (95% CI 0.96-2.196 p = 0.2]. Waist Circumference > 88 cm has been shown to be specifically and statistically significant associated to HER-2+ breast cancer subtypes in postmenopausal [OR 2.72 (95% CI 1.69- 10.72) p = 0.01], whilst in Luminal B it was only marginally statistical associated [OR 2.21 (95% CI 0.77-2.60) p = 0.1]. Insulin resistance showed statistical significant association to HER-2+ and Luminal B tumors [OR 2.11 (95% CI 1.66-6.69) p = 0.05] and [OR 2.33 (95% CI 1.2-4.2) p = 0.006], respectively. Hence, it has emerged that BMI is weakly associated to Luminal A breast cancers in this case series, whereas visceral obesity and insulin resistance are likely to be linked to more aggressive breast cancer subtypes. CONCLUSIONS New molecular biomarkers unveiling metabolic syndrome related breast carcinogenesis need to be detected to further stratify breast cancer risk by subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Capasso
- />Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- />Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michelino de Laurentiis
- />Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- />Division of Cardiology, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- />Division of Medicine Laboratory and Clinical Pathology, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- />Division of Pathology, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Petrillo
- />Department of Radiology, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Montella
- />Division of Epidemiology, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D’Aiuto
- />Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Coppola
- />Division of Cardiology, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- />Division of Epidemiology, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grimaldi
- />Division of Epidemiology, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frasci
- />Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fucito
- />Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- />Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Aiuto
- />Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention, “Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale – IRCCS - Italia”, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The initial disturbance of insulin resistance seems to focus on adipose tissue is a dynamic organ involved in many physiological and metabolic processes. Expresses and secretes a variety of active peptides, adipocytokines. To evaluate the prevalence of insulin-resistance in an healthy urban middle age population and to explore the role of adiponectin, inflammatory biomarkers (hs-CRP) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of the insulin-resistance state. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied of 176 participants (117 women and 59 men, 25-74 years), individuals with diabetes, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, infectious disease, renal, or hepatic neoplasms and pregnant women were excluded. We evaluated glucose, insulin, adiponectin and hs-CRP. RESULTS We found that 17.2% of individuals presented insulin-resistance. Correlation was found between waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure and HOMA index (p<0.01). Adiponectin was associated with the insulin-resistance (p<0.001) but not hs-CRP. Adiponectin (β=0.385, p=0.004) and waist circumference (β=0.116, p=0.02) were predictors of IR only in women, meanwhile none of the analyzed biomarkers predicted insulin-resistance in men. Besides, postmenopausal women presented higher adiponectin levels than premenopausal 7.63 (4.46-9.58) vs 5.50 (3.83-7.40) μg/ml, p=0.01. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin and waist circumference are important predictors of insulin-resistance even in healthy non-diabetic women, they may open a new opportunity to improve current risk estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciela A Bonneau
- Ministerio de Salud Pública de la Provincia de Misiones, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Argentina.
| | | | - Gabriela Berg
- Lipids and Lipoproteins Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aye ILMH, Jansson T, Powell TL. Interleukin-1β inhibits insulin signaling and prevents insulin-stimulated system A amino acid transport in primary human trophoblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:46-55. [PMID: 23891856 PMCID: PMC3795822 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) promotes insulin resistance in tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle; however the influence of IL-1β on placental insulin signaling is unknown. We recently reported increased IL-1β protein expression in placentas of obese mothers, which could contribute to insulin resistance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that IL-1β inhibits insulin signaling and prevents insulin-stimulated amino acid transport in cultured primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells. Cultured trophoblasts isolated from term placentas were treated with physiological concentrations of IL-1β (10pg/ml) for 24h. IL-1β increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at Ser307 (inhibitory) and decreased total IRS-1 protein abundance but did not affect insulin receptor β expression. Furthermore, IL-1β inhibited insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Tyr612, activation site) and Akt (Thr308) and prevented insulin-stimulated increase in PI3K/p85 and Grb2 protein expression. IL-1β alone stimulated cRaf (Ser338), MEK (Ser221) and Erk1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) phosphorylation. The inflammatory pathways nuclear factor kappa B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which are involved in insulin resistance, were also activated by IL-1β treatment. Moreover, IL-1β inhibited insulin-stimulated System A, but not System L amino acid uptake, indicating functional impairment of insulin signaling. In conclusion, IL-1β inhibited the insulin signaling pathway by inhibiting IRS-1 signaling and prevented insulin-stimulated System A transport, thereby promoting insulin resistance in cultured PHT cells. These findings indicate that conditions which lead to increased systemic maternal or placental IL-1β levels may attenuate the effects of maternal insulin on placental function and consequently fetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irving L M H Aye
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tang J, Pei Y, Zhou G. When aging-onset diabetes is coming across with Alzheimer disease: comparable pathogenesis and therapy. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:744-50. [PMID: 23648584 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose because of the insulin-resistance and insulin-deficiency in Type 2, while the insulin deficiency due to destruction of islet cells in the pancreas in Type 1. The development of Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors. Aging patients with diabetes are at increased risk of developing cognitive and memory dysfunctions, which is one of the significant symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD). Also, over 2/3 of AD patients were clinically indentified with impairment of glucose. Cognitive dysfunction would be associated with poor self-care ability in diabetes patients. This review will briefly summarize the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of these two diseases and highlight similarities in their pathophysiologies. Furthermore, we will shortly discuss recent progress in the insulin-targeted strategy, aiming to explore the inner linkage between these two diseases in aging populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic,200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905,USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Georgescu EF, Ionescu R, Niculescu M, Mogoanta L, Vancica L. Angiotensin-receptor blockers as therapy for mild-to-moderate hypertension-associated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:942-54. [PMID: 19248193 PMCID: PMC2653406 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate insulin resistance, cytolysis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) score (NAS) using the Kleiner and Brunt criteria in 54 patients with NASH and mild-to-moderate hypertension, treated with telmisartan vs valsartan for 20 mo.
METHODS: All patients met the NCEP-ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome. Histology confirmed steatohepatitis, defined as a NAS greater than five up to 3 wk prior inclusion, using the current criteria. Patients with viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol intake, drug abuse or other significant immune or metabolic hepatic pathology were excluded. Subjects were randomly assigned either to the valsartan (V) group (standard dose 80 mg o.d., n = 26), or to the telmisartan (T) group (standard dose 20 mg o.d., n = 28). Treatment had to be taken daily at the same hour with no concomitant medication or alcohol consumption allowed. Neither the patient nor the medical staff was aware of treatment group allocation. Paired liver biopsies obtained at inclusion (visit 1) and end of treatment (EOT) were assessed by a single blinded pathologist, not aware of patient or treatment group. Blood pressure, BMI, ALT, AST, HOMA-IR, plasma triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were evaluated at inclusion and every 4 mo until EOT (visit 6).
RESULTS: At EOT we noticed a significant decrease in ALT levels vs inclusion in all patients and this decrease did not differ significantly in group T vs group V. HOMA-IR significantly decreased at EOT vs inclusion in all patients but in group T, the mean HOMA-IR decrease per month was higher than in group V. NAS significantly diminished at EOT in all patients with a higher decrease in group T vs group V.
CONCLUSION: Angiotensin receptor blockers seem to be efficient in hypertension-associated NASH. Telmisartan showed a higher efficacy regarding insulin resistance and histology, perhaps because of its specific PPAR-gamma ligand effect.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy, and specifically distal peripheral neuropathy (DPN), is one of the most frequent and troublesome complications of diabetes mellitus. It is the major reason for morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. It is also frequently associated with debilitating pain. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the natural history and pathogenesis of this disease remains limited. For a long time hyperglycemia was viewed as a major, if not the sole factor, responsible for all symptomatic presentations of DPN. Multiple clinical observations and animal studies supported this view. The control of blood glucose as an obligatory step of therapy to delay or reverse DPN is no longer an arguable issue. However, while supporting evidence for the glycemic hypothesis has accumulated, multiple controversies accumulated as well. It is obvious now that DPN cannot be fully understood without considering factors besides hyperglycemia. Some symptoms of DPN may develop with little, if any, correlation with the glycemic status of a patient. It is also clear that identification of these putative non-glycemic mechanisms of DPN is of utmost importance for our understanding of failures with existing treatments and for the development of new approaches for diagnosis and therapy of DPN. In this work we will review the strengths and weaknesses of the glycemic hypothesis, focusing on clinical and animal data and on the pathogenesis of early stages and triggers of DPN other than hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Dobretsov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Slot 515, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|