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Cai T, Han K, Yang P, Zhu Z, Jiang M, Huang Y, Xie C. Reconstruction of Dynamic and Reversible Color Change using Reflectin Protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5201. [PMID: 30914749 PMCID: PMC6435677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods have remarkable ability to change their body color across a wide range of wavelengths, yet the structural basis remains largely unknown. Reflectin, a protein family assumed to be responsible for structural color in cephalopods, has unique features of higher-order assembly that are tightly regulated by aromatic molecules. Here, we reconstructed the dynamic and reversible color change using purified reflectin protein and demonstrated how the conformational change and the status of assembly led to the change in optical properties. In addition, optical spectral and structural analyses indicated that the “cephalopod-blue” primarily resulted from wavelength-dependent light scattering rather than reflection. Our results suggest a possible role of reflectin in color dynamics. The in vitro reconstruction system we present here may serve as an initial step for designing bio-inspired optical materials based on reflectin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kui Han
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mengcheng Jiang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Can Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Beijing Computational Science Research Center, The Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Serrano-Díaz J, Sánchez AM, Maggi L, Carmona M, Alonso GL. Synergic effect of water-soluble components on the coloring strength of saffron spice. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Yudkovski Y, Glazer L, Shechter A, Reinhardt R, Chalifa-Caspi V, Sagi A, Tom M. Multi-transcript expression patterns in the gastrolith disk and the hypodermis of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus at premolt. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2010; 5:171-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dreon MS, Ceolín M, Heras H. Astaxanthin binding and structural stability of the apple snail carotenoprotein ovorubin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 460:107-12. [PMID: 17324373 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 12/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovorubin (OR) is the major perivitellin of the eggs of Pomacea canaliculata. The astaxanthin (ASX) binding and structural stability of OR were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). The apo-OR (without astaxanthin) shows a single, high affinity binding site for ASX (K(D)=0.5 microM). The quenching of tryptophan fluorescence by ASX indicates that about 22% are near the carotenoid-binding site in a non-polar environment, as indicated by tryptophan resonance energy transfer to the ligand. Secondary structure (alpha+beta) was virtually not affected by cofactor removal. Holo-OR shows unusually high thermal stability. The removal of ASX does not affect the thermal or chemical stability of the quaternary structure. In conclusion, although subtle changes were observed, ASX is not essential for OR stability, unlike most invertebrate carotenoproteins. This supports the idea that OR plays an important physiological role in the storage, transport and protection of carotenoids during snail embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos S Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Bhosale P, Bernstein PS. Vertebrate and invertebrate carotenoid-binding proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 458:121-7. [PMID: 17188641 PMCID: PMC1831825 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In invertebrates and vertebrates, carotenoids are ubiquitous colorants, antioxidants, and provitamin A compounds that must be absorbed from dietary sources and transported to target tissues where they are taken up and stabilized to perform their physiological functions. These processes occur in a specific and regulated manner mediated by high-affinity carotenoid-binding proteins. In this mini-review, we examine the published literature on carotenoid-binding proteins in vertebrate and invertebrate systems, and we report our initial purification and characterization of a novel lutein-binding protein isolated from liver of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Bhosale
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 65 Medical Drive, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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During A, Harrison EH. Intestinal absorption and metabolism of carotenoids: insights from cell culture. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 430:77-88. [PMID: 15325914 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture models are useful for studying intestinal absorption and metabolism of carotenoids. The human intestinal cell line, Caco-2, has been the most widely used model for these studies. The PF11 and TC7 clones of Caco-2 exhibit beta-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase activity, a key enzyme in the conversion of carotenoids to vitamin A. Studies on the recent cloning of this enzyme are discussed. An in vitro cell culture system used to study intestinal absorption of carotenoids is presented. Under conditions mimicking the postprandial state, Caco-2 cells on membranes take up carotenoids and secrete them incorporated into chylomicrons. Both the cellular uptake and secretion of beta-carotene are saturable, concentration-dependent processes. The selective absorption of all-trans beta-carotene versus its cis isomers, the differential absorption of individual carotenoids, and the specific interactions between carotenoids during their absorption are discussed. The participation of a specific epithelial transporter in the intestinal absorption of carotenoids is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrine During
- Phytonutrients Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Lakshman MR, Rao MN. Purification and characterization of cellular carotenoid-binding protein from mammalian liver. Methods Enzymol 1999; 299:441-56. [PMID: 9916218 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(99)99042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A cellular carotenoid-binding protein was purified to homogeneity from beta-carotene-fed ferret liver utilizing the following steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography. The final purification was 607-fold. beta-[14C]Carotene copurified with the binding protein throughout the purification procedures. SDS-PAGE of the purified protein showed a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 67 kDa. Scatchard analysis of the specific binding of the purified protein to beta-carotene showed two classes of binding sites; a high-affinity site with an apparent Kd of 56 x 10(-9) M and a low-affinity site with a Kd of 32 x 10(-6) M. The Bmax for beta-carotene binding to the high-affinity site was 1 mol/mol whereas that for the low-affinity site was 145 mol/mol. The absorption spectrum of the complex showed a 32-nm bathochromic shift in lambda max with minor peaks at 460 and 516 nm. Except for alpha-carotene and cryptoxanthin, none of the model carotenoids or retinol competed with beta-carotene binding to the protein. Thus, a specific carotenoid-binding protein of 67 kDa size has been characterized in mammalian liver with a high degree of specificity for binding only carotenoids with at least one unsubstituted beta-ionone ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lakshman
- Lipid Research Laboratory, DVA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Rao MN, Ghosh P, Lakshman MR. Purification and partial characterization of a cellular carotenoid-binding protein from ferret liver. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:24455-60. [PMID: 9305906 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.39.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A cellular carotenoid-binding protein was purified to homogeneity from beta-carotene-fed ferret liver utilizing the following steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography. The final purification was 607-fold. [14C]beta-Carotene co-purified with the binding protein throughout the purification procedures. SDS-PAGE of the purified protein showed a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 67 kDa. Scatchard analysis of the specific binding of the purified protein to beta-carotene showed two classes of binding sites, a high affinity site with an apparent Kd of 56 x 10(-9) M and a low affinity site with a Kd of 32 x 10(-6) M. The Bmax for beta-carotene binding to the high affinity site was 1 mol/mol, while that for the low affinity site was 145 mol/mol. The absorption spectrum of the complex showed a 32-nm bathochromic shift in lambdamax with minor peaks at 460 and 516 nm. Except for alpha-carotene and cryptoxanthin, none of the model carotenoids or retinol competed with beta-carotene binding to the protein. Thus, a specific carotenoid-binding protein of 67 kDa has been characterized in mammalian liver with a high degree of specificity for binding only carotenoids with at least one unsubstituted beta-ionone ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Rao
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, D. C. 20037, USA
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Kaufman KM, Sodetz JM. Genomic structure of the human complement protein C8 gamma: homology to the lipocalin gene family. Biochemistry 1994; 33:5162-6. [PMID: 8172891 DOI: 10.1021/bi00183a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human C8 is one of five complement components (C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9) that interact to form the cytolytic C5b-9 complex on target cells. It contains three subunits (C8 alpha, C8 beta, C8 gamma) which are encoded in separate genes. In relation to other proteins of the complement system, C8 gamma is unusual in that it is not structurally related to any other component nor does it have an obvious function. Based on weak but significant sequence similarity, it is proposed to be a member of the lipocalin family of widely distributed proteins that bind and transport small hydrophobic ligands. In this study, the human C8 gamma gene has been characterized and found to contain seven exons spanning approximately 1.8 kb. S1 nuclease and anchored PCR were used to identify the transcription initiation site. This site is preceded by putative regulatory elements that include two SP1 binding sites, several glucocorticoid response elements, and two SV40 enhancer core consensus sequences. A comparison to genes of other lipocalins reveals a remarkably close correlation in exon number, lengths, and phases. A close correspondence in exon boundaries is also observed and suggests that C8 gamma contains the same discrete structural elements that define the characteristic beta-barrel shape of the lipocalins. These results establish that C8 gamma is indeed ancestrally related to the lipocalin family and strengthens the likelihood that its role in the complement system is to bind an as yet unidentified ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208
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Location of a novel type of interpolypeptide chain linkage in the human protein HC-IgA complex (HC-IgA) and identification of a heterogeneous chromophore associated with the complex. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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