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Investigation of the Protective Effect for GcMAF by a Glycosidase Inhibitor and the Glycan Structure of Gc Protein. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041570. [PMID: 36838558 PMCID: PMC9963009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked α-N-acetylgalactosamine (α-GalNAc) in the Gc protein is essential for macrophage activation; thus, the GalNAc-attached form of Gc protein is called Gc macrophage activating factor (GcMAF). O-linked glycans in Gc proteins from human plasma mainly consist of trisaccharides. GcMAF is produced when glycans on the Gc protein are hydrolyzed by α-Sia-ase and β-Gal-ase, leaving an α-GalNAc. Upon hydrolysis of α-GalNAc present on GcMAF, the protein loses the macrophage-activating effect. In contrast, our synthesized pyrrolidine-type iminocyclitol possessed strong in vitro α-GalNAc-ase inhibitory activity. In this study, we examined the protective effects of iminocyclitol against GcMAF via inhibition of α-GalNAc-ase activity. Detailed mass spectrometric analyses revealed the protective effect of the inhibitor on GcMAF. Furthermore, structural information regarding the glycosylation site and glycan structure was obtained using tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis of the glycosylated peptides after tryptic digestion.
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2
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Kalník M, Šesták S, Kóňa J, Bella M, Poláková M. Synthesis, α-mannosidase inhibition studies and molecular modeling of 1,4-imino-ᴅ-lyxitols and their C-5-altered N-arylalkyl derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:282-293. [PMID: 36925565 PMCID: PMC10012049 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthesis of 1,4-imino-ᴅ-lyxitols and their N-arylalkyl derivatives altered at C-5 is reported. Their inhibitory activity and selectivity toward four GH38 α-mannosidases (two Golgi types: GMIIb from Drosophila melanogaster and AMAN-2 from Caenorhabditis elegans, and two lysosomal types: LManII from Drosophila melanogaster and JBMan from Canavalia ensiformis) were investigated. 6-Deoxy-DIM was found to be the most potent inhibitor of AMAN-2 (K i = 0.19 μM), whose amino acid sequence and 3D structure of the active site are almost identical to the human α-mannosidase II (GMII). Although 6-deoxy-DIM was 3.5 times more potent toward AMAN-2 than DIM, their selectivity profiles were almost the same. N-Arylalkylation of 6-deoxy-DIM resulted only in a partial improvement as the selectivity was enhanced at the expense of potency. Structural and physicochemical properties of the corresponding inhibitor:enzyme complexes were analyzed by molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kalník
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sergej Šesták
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Medical Vision, Civic Research Association, Záhradnícka 4837/55, 82108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maroš Bella
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Poláková
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Phylogenetic Comparison of Swainsonine Biosynthetic Gene Clusters among Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040359. [PMID: 35448590 PMCID: PMC9030584 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Swainsonine is a cytotoxic alkaloid produced by fungi. Genome sequence analyses revealed that these fungi share an orthologous gene cluster, SWN, necessary for swainsonine biosynthesis. To investigate the SWN cluster, the gene sequences and intergenic regions were assessed in organisms containing swnK, which is conserved across all fungi that produce swainsonine. The orders of fungi which contained orthologous swainsonine genes included Pleosporales, Onygenales, Hypocreales, Chaetothyriales, Xylariales, Capnodiales, Microthyriales, Caliciales, Patellariales, Eurotiales, and a species of the Leotiomycetes. SwnK and swnH2 genes were conserved across all fungi containing the SWN cluster; in contrast, swnT and swnA were found in a limited number of fungi containing the SWN cluster. The phylogenetic data suggest that in some orders that the SWN cluster was gained once from a common ancestor while in other orders it was likely gained several times from one or more common ancestors. The data also show that rearrangements and inversions of the SWN cluster happened within a genus as species diverged. Analysis of the intergenic regions revealed different combinations and inversions of open reading frames, as well as absence of genes. These results provide evidence of a complex evolutionary history of the SWN cluster in fungi.
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4
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Lee ZY, Loo JSE, Wibowo A, Mohammat MF, Foo JB. Targeting cancer via Golgi α-mannosidase II inhibition: How far have we come in developing effective inhibitors? Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108395. [PMID: 34280804 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of glycosylation pathways has been well documented in several types of cancer, where it often participates in cancer development and progression, especially cancer metastasis. Hence, inhibition of glycosidases such as mannosidases can disrupt the biosynthesis of glycans on cell surface glycoproteins and modify their role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Several reviews have delineated the role of N-glycosylation in cancer, but the data regarding effective inhibitors remains sparse. Golgi α-mannosidase has been an attractive therapeutic target for preventing the formation of ß1,6-branched complex type N-glycans. However, due to its high structural similarity to the broadly specific lysosomal α-mannosidase, undesired co-inhibition occurs and this leads to serious side effects that complicates its potential role as a therapeutic agent. Even though extensive efforts have been geared towards the discovery of effective inhibitors, no breakthrough has been achieved thus far which could allow for their use in clinical settings. Improving the specificity of current inhibitors towards Golgi α-mannosidase is requisite in progressing this class of compounds in cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight a few potent and selective inhibitors discovered up to the present to guide researchers for rational design of further effective inhibitors to overcome the issue of specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jason Siau Ee Loo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agustono Wibowo
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang, Jengka Campus, 26400, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fazli Mohammat
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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5
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Klunda T, Hricovíni M, Šesták S, Kóňa J, Poláková M. Selective Golgi α-mannosidase II inhibitors: N-alkyl substituted pyrrolidines with a basic functional group. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic assays, molecular modeling and NMR studies of novel 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-lyxitols provided new information on the GH38 family enzyme inhibitors and their selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Klunda
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Michal Hricovíni
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Sergej Šesták
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Monika Poláková
- Institute of Chemistry
- Center for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- SK-845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
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6
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Yang LF, Shimadate Y, Kato A, Li YX, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Synthesis and glycosidase inhibition of N-substituted derivatives of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-mannitol (DIM). Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:999-1011. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02029b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Four series of N-substituted DIMs have been synthesized and assayed against glycosidases to provide continuous and reliable inhibitory spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yuna Shimadate
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-0194
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-0194
- Japan
| | - Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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Chen W, Sayyad A, Chen C, Chen Y, Cheng TR, Cheng W. Divergent Synthesis of Bicyclic Iminosugars: Preparation of (−)‐Swainsonine‐Based Alkaloids and Their Inhibition Study towardsα‐Human Mannosidases. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐An Chen
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ashik Sayyad
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chiao‐Wen Chen
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Hsin Chen
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Jen R. Cheng
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Chieh Cheng
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia Sinica 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2 Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryNational Cheng-Kung University 1 University Road Tainan 701 Taiwan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiayi University 300, Xuefu Rd., East Dist. Chiayi 600 Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied ChemistryKaohsiung Medical University 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd. Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan
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8
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Šesták S, Bella M, Klunda T, Gurská S, Džubák P, Wöls F, Wilson IBH, Sladek V, Hajdúch M, Poláková M, Kóňa J. N-Benzyl Substitution of Polyhydroxypyrrolidines: The Way to Selective Inhibitors of Golgi α-Mannosidase II. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:373-383. [PMID: 29323461 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the biosynthesis of complex N-glycans in the Golgi apparatus influences progress of tumor growth and metastasis. Golgi α-mannosidase II (GMII) has become a therapeutic target for drugs with anticancer activities. One critical task for successful application of GMII drugs in medical treatments is to decrease their unwanted co-inhibition of lysosomal α-mannosidase (LMan), a weakness of all known potent GMII inhibitors. A series of novel N-substituted polyhydroxypyrrolidines was synthesized and tested with modeled GH38 α-mannosidases from Drosophila melanogaster (GMIIb and LManII). The most potent structures inhibited GMIIb (Ki =50-76 μm, as determined by enzyme assays) with a significant selectivity index of IC50 (LManII)/IC50 (GMIIb) >100. These compounds also showed inhibitory activities in in vitro assays with cancer cell lines (leukemia, IC50 =92-200 μm) and low cytotoxic activities in normal fibroblast cell lines (IC50 >200 μm). In addition, they did not show any significant inhibitory activity toward GH47 Aspergillus saitoiα1,2-mannosidase. An appropriate stereo configuration of hydroxymethyl and benzyl functional groups on the pyrrolidine ring of the inhibitor may lead to an inhibitor with the required selectivity for the active site of a target α-mannosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Šesták
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maroš Bella
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Klunda
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Puškinova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Puškinova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Wöls
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Sladek
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Puškinova 6, 775 20, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Poláková
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
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9
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Ma J, Wang L, Li J, Zhang G, Tao H, Li X, Sun D, Hu Y. Swainsonine Inhibits Invasion and the EMT Process in Esophageal Carcinoma Cells by Targeting Twist1. Oncol Res 2017; 26:1207-1213. [PMID: 28899457 PMCID: PMC7844710 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15046134836575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a common gastrointestinal cancer, with a very high mortality rate in patients with metastasis. Swainsonine, a cytotoxic fungal alkaloid, has been shown to inhibit cell growth in esophageal cancer. In the present study, we explored the effects of swainsonine on cell invasion and metastasis in esophageal cancer cells. Human esophageal carcinoma cells were treated with different doses of swainsonine, and then cell viability, invasion, and apoptosis were measured. The mRNA and protein expressions of Twist1, apoptosis- and EMT-related factors, and PI3K/AKT pathway factors were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Swainsonine had no effect on esophageal cancer cell viability and apoptosis, but it significantly decreased cell invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Swainsonine increased the expression of E-cadherin but decreased the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, and snail in a dose-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting EMT. Last, we found that swainsonine inhibits cell invasion and EMT in the esophageal carcinoma cells by downregulation of Twist1 and deactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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10
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Abstract
Swainsonine—a cytotoxic fungal alkaloid and a potential cancer therapy drug—is produced by the insect pathogen and plant symbiont Metarhizium robertsii, the clover pathogen Slafractonia leguminicola, locoweed symbionts belonging to Alternaria sect. Undifilum, and a recently discovered morning glory symbiont belonging to order Chaetothyriales. Genome sequence analyses revealed that these fungi share orthologous gene clusters, designated “SWN,” which included a multifunctional swnK gene comprising predicted adenylylation and acyltransferase domains with their associated thiolation domains, a β-ketoacyl synthase domain, and two reductase domains. The role of swnK was demonstrated by inactivating it in M. robertsii through homologous gene replacement to give a ∆swnK mutant that produced no detectable swainsonine, then complementing the mutant with the wild-type gene to restore swainsonine biosynthesis. Other SWN cluster genes were predicted to encode two putative hydroxylases and two reductases, as expected to complete biosynthesis of swainsonine from the predicted SwnK product. SWN gene clusters were identified in six out of seven sequenced genomes of Metarhzium species, and in all 15 sequenced genomes of Arthrodermataceae, a family of fungi that cause athlete’s foot and ringworm diseases in humans and other mammals. Representative isolates of all of these species were cultured, and all Metarhizium spp. with SWN clusters, as well as all but one of the Arthrodermataceae, produced swainsonine. These results suggest a new biosynthetic hypothesis for this alkaloid, extending the known taxonomic breadth of swainsonine producers to at least four orders of Ascomycota, and suggest that swainsonine has roles in mutualistic symbioses and diseases of plants and animals.
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11
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Sladek V, Kóňa J, Tokiwa H. In silico analysis of interaction pattern switching in ligand⋯receptor binding in Golgi α-mannosidase II induced by the protonated states of inhibitors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12527-12537. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Different binding modes for charge-neutral and protonated inhibitor forms in Golgi α-mannosidase II active sites may influence their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Sladek
- Institute of Chemistry – Centre for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
- Dept. of Chemistry
| | - J. Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry – Centre for Glycomics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 845 38 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - H. Tokiwa
- Dept. of Chemistry
- Rikkyo University
- Toshima
- Japan
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12
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Stütz AE, Wrodnigg TM. Carbohydrate-Processing Enzymes of the Lysosome: Diseases Caused by Misfolded Mutants and Sugar Mimetics as Correcting Pharmacological Chaperones. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2016; 73:225-302. [PMID: 27816107 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are hereditary disorders caused by mutations on genes encoding for one of the more than fifty lysosomal enzymes involved in the highly ordered degradation cascades of glycans, glycoconjugates, and other complex biomolecules in the lysosome. Several of these metabolic disorders are associated with the absence or the lack of activity of carbohydrate-processing enzymes in this cell compartment. In a recently introduced therapy concept, for susceptible mutants, small substrate-related molecules (so-called pharmacological chaperones), such as reversible inhibitors of these enzymes, may serve as templates for the correct folding and transport of the respective protein mutant, thus improving its concentration and, consequently, its enzymatic activity in the lysosome. Carbohydrate-processing enzymes in the lysosome, related lysosomal diseases, and the scope and limitations of reported reversible inhibitors as pharmacological chaperones are discussed with a view to possibly extending and improving research efforts in this area of orphan diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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13
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Synthesis of modified D-mannose core derivatives and their impact on GH38 α-mannosidases. Carbohydr Res 2016; 428:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Al-Massarani SM, El-Gamal AA, Al-Said MS, Abdel-Kader MS, Ashour AE, Kumar A, Abdel-Mageed WM, Al-Rehaily AJ, Ghabbour HA, Fun HK. Studies on the Red Sea Sponge Haliclona sp. for its Chemical and Cytotoxic Properties. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:114-9. [PMID: 27076747 PMCID: PMC4809165 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.177906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great number of novel compounds with rich chemical diversity and significant bioactivity have been reported from Red Sea sponges. OBJECTIVE To isolate, identify, and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the chemical constituents of a sponge belonging to genus Haliclona collected from the Eastern coast of the Red Sea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total ethanolic extract of the titled sponge was subjected to intensive chromatographic fractionation and purification guided by cytotoxic bioassay toward various cancer cell lines. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques including one-dimension and two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet, and infrared data, as well as comparison with the reported spectral data for the known compounds. X-ray single-crystal structure determination was performed to determine the absolute configuration of compound 4. The screening of antiproliferative activity of the compounds was carried on three tumor cell lines, namely the human cervical cancer (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and human medulloblastoma (Daoy) cells using MTT assay. RESULTS This investigation resulted in the isolation of a new indole alkaloid, 1-(1H-indol-3-yloxy) propan-2-ol (1), with the previously synthesized pyrrolidine alkaloid, (2R, 3S, 4R, 5R) pyrrolidine-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-diol hydrochloride (4), isolated here from a natural source for the first time. In addition, six known compounds tetillapyrone (2), nortetillapyrone (3), 2-methyl maleimide-5-oxime (5), maleimide-5-oxime (6), 5-(hydroxymethyl) dihydrofuran-2 (3H)-one (7), and ergosta-5,24 (28)-dien-3-ol (8) were also identified. Most of the isolated compounds exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against HepG-2, Daoy, and HeLa cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the occurrence of the indole and pyrrolidine alkaloids, 1-(1H-indol-2-yloxy) propan-2-ol (1), and the - (1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-diol hydrochloride (4), in the Red Sea Haliclona sp. SUMMARY From the Red Sea Haliclona sp. two alkaloids with indole and pyrrolidine nuclei, 1-(1H-indol-2-yloxy) propan-2-ol-(1) and pyrrolidine-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-diol hydrochloride (4) were isolated and fully characterized; in addition to six known compounds (2, 3, 5-8)The absolute configuration and the three-dimension stereo-molecular structure of compound 4 were determined by X-ray crystallographyThe different extracts and isolated compounds showed weak cytotoxic activity against HepG-2, Daoy, and HeLa cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Mohamed Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ali El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sulaiman Al-Said
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged S Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
| | - Abdelkader E Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University 71526, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Adnan Jathlan Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoong-Kun Fun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Bobovská A, Tvaroška I, Kóňa J. Using DFT methodology for more reliable predictive models: Design of inhibitors of Golgi α-Mannosidase II. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 66:47-57. [PMID: 27035259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human Golgi α-mannosidase II (GMII), a zinc ion co-factor dependent glycoside hydrolase (E.C.3.2.1.114), is a pharmaceutical target for the design of inhibitors with anti-cancer activity. The discovery of an effective inhibitor is complicated by the fact that all known potent inhibitors of GMII are involved in unwanted co-inhibition with lysosomal α-mannosidase (LMan, E.C.3.2.1.24), a relative to GMII. Routine empirical QSAR models for both GMII and LMan did not work with a required accuracy. Therefore, we have developed a fast computational protocol to build predictive models combining interaction energy descriptors from an empirical docking scoring function (Glide-Schrödinger), Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) method, and quantum mechanical density functional theory (QM-DFT) calculations. The QSAR models were built and validated with a library of structurally diverse GMII and LMan inhibitors and non-active compounds. A critical role of QM-DFT descriptors for the more accurate prediction abilities of the models is demonstrated. The predictive ability of the models was significantly improved when going from the empirical docking scoring function to mixed empirical-QM-DFT QSAR models (Q(2)=0.78-0.86 when cross-validation procedures were carried out; and R(2)=0.81-0.83 for a testing set). The average error for the predicted ΔGbind decreased to 0.8-1.1kcalmol(-1). Also, 76-80% of non-active compounds were successfully filtered out from GMII and LMan inhibitors. The QSAR models with the fragmented QM-DFT descriptors may find a useful application in structure-based drug design where pure empirical and force field methods reached their limits and where quantum mechanics effects are critical for ligand-receptor interactions. The optimized models will apply in lead optimization processes for GMII drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Bobovská
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-1, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Igor Tvaroška
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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16
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Li YX, Kinami K, Hirokami Y, Kato A, Su JK, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Gem-difluoromethylated and trifluoromethylated derivatives of DMDP-related iminosugars: synthesis and glycosidase inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2249-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gem-difluoromethylated and trifluoromethylated derivatives of DMDP-related iminosugars have been synthesized from cyclic nitrones and assayed against various glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Kyoko Kinami
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- 2630 Sugitani
- Japan
| | - Yuki Hirokami
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- 2630 Sugitani
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- 2630 Sugitani
- Japan
| | - Jia-Kun Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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17
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Qian BC, Kamori A, Kinami K, Kato A, Li YX, Fleet GWJ, Yu CY. Epimerization of C5 of an N-hydroxypyrrolidine in the synthesis of swainsonine related iminosugars. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4488-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Li YX, Shimada Y, Adachi I, Kato A, Jia YM, Fleet GWJ, Xiao M, Yu CY. Fluorinated and Conformationally Fixed Derivatives of l-HomoDMDP: Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibition. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5151-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xian Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yousuke Shimada
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Adachi
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department
of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yue-Mei Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Min Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chu-Yi Yu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory
of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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19
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Ansari AA, Vankar YD. Synthesis of pyrrolidine iminosugars, (−)-lentiginosine, (−)-swainsonine and their 8a-epimers from d-glycals. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47555g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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20
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The ‘mirror-image’ postulate as a guide to the selection and evaluation of pyrrolidines as α-l-fucosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2013; 367:29-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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22
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Ayers BJ, Ngo N, Jenkinson SF, Martínez RF, Shimada Y, Adachi I, Weymouth-Wilson AC, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. Glycosidase Inhibition by All 10 Stereoisomeric 2,5-Dideoxy-2,5-iminohexitols Prepared from the Enantiomers of Glucuronolactone. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7777-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301243s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Ayers
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Nigel Ngo
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sarah F. Jenkinson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3QU, U.K
| | - R. Fernando Martínez
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Yousuke Shimada
- Department of Hospital
Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani,
Toyama 930-0194,
Japan
| | - Isao Adachi
- Department of Hospital
Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani,
Toyama 930-0194,
Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital
Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani,
Toyama 930-0194,
Japan
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3QU, U.K
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23
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de Graaff C, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Recent developments in asymmetric multicomponent reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3969-4009. [PMID: 22546840 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) receive increasing attention because they address both diversity and complexity in organic synthesis. Thus, in principle diverse sets of relatively complex structures can be generated from simple starting materials in a single reaction step. The ever increasing need for optically pure compounds for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications as well as for catalysis promotes the development of asymmetric multicomponent reactions. In recent years, asymmetric multicomponent reactions have been applied to the total synthesis of various enantiopure natural products and commercial drugs, reducing the number of required reaction steps significantly. Although many developments in diastereoselective MCRs have been reported, the field of catalytic enantioselective MCRs has just started to blossom. This critical review describes developments in both diastereoselective and catalytic enantioselective multicomponent reactions since 2004. Significantly broadened scopes, new techniques, more environmentally benign methods and entirely novel MCRs reflect the increasingly inventive paths that synthetic chemist follow in this field. Until recently, enantioselective transition metal-catalyzed MCRs represented the majority of catalytic enantioselective MCRs. However, metal contamination is highly undesirable for drug synthesis. The emergence of organocatalysis greatly influences the quest for new asymmetric MCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corien de Graaff
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Cresswell AJ, Davies SG, Lee JA, Morris MJ, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Diastereodivergent Hydroxyfluorination of Cyclic and Acyclic Allylic Amines: Synthesis of 4-Deoxy-4-fluorophytosphingosines. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7262-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Cresswell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA,
U.K
| | - Stephen G. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA,
U.K
| | - James A. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA,
U.K
| | - Melloney J. Morris
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell,
Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Paul M. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA,
U.K
| | - James E. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA,
U.K
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25
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A flexible enantioselective approach to 3,4-dihydroxyprolinol derivatives by SmI2-mediated reductive coupling of chiral nitrone with ketones/aldehydes. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Araújo N, Jenkinson SF, Martínez RF, Glawar AFG, Wormald MR, Butters TD, Nakagawa S, Adachi I, Kato A, Yoshihara A, Akimitsu K, Izumori K, Fleet GWJ. Synthesis from d-Altrose of (5R,6R,7R,8S)-5,7-Dihydroxy-8-hydroxymethylconidine and 2,4-Dideoxy-2,4-imino-d-glucitol, Azetidine Analogues of Swainsonine and 1,4-Dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-mannitol. Org Lett 2012; 14:4174-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301844n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Araújo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Sarah F. Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - R. Fernando Martínez
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Andreas F. G. Glawar
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Mark R. Wormald
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Terry D. Butters
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Shinpei Nakagawa
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Isao Adachi
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Akihide Yoshihara
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - Ken Izumori
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K., Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K., Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, Rare Sugar Research Center, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795,
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27
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Stütz AE, Wrodnigg TM. Imino sugars and glycosyl hydrolases: historical context, current aspects, emerging trends. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2011; 66:187-298. [PMID: 22123190 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385518-3.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Forty years of discoveries and research on imino sugars, which are carbohydrate analogues having a basic nitrogen atom instead of oxygen in the sugar ring and, acting as potent glycosidase inhibitors, have made considerable impact on our contemporary understanding of glycosidases. Imino sugars have helped to elucidate the catalytic machinery of glycosidases and have refined our methods and concepts of utilizing them. A number of new aspects have emerged for employing imino sugars as pharmaceutical compounds, based on their profound effects on metabolic activities in which glycosidases are involved. From the digestion of starch to the fight against viral infections, from research into malignant diseases to potential improvements in hereditary storage disorders, glycosidase action and inhibition are essential issues. This account aims at combining general developments with a focus on some niches where imino sugars have become useful tools for glycochemistry and glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
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28
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Kokatla HP, Lahiri R, Kancharla PK, Doddi VR, Vankar YD. Synthesis of (-)-deoxoprosophylline, (+)-2-epi-deoxoprosopinine, and (2R,3R)- and (2R,3S)-3-hydroxypipecolic acids from D-glycals. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4608-11. [PMID: 20524655 DOI: 10.1021/jo100489k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New syntheses of (-)-deoxoprosophylline, (+)-2-epi-deoxoprosopinine, and (2R,3R)- and (2R,3S)-3-hydroxypipecolic acids are reported. Utilization of the chiral functionalities of Perlin aldehydes, derived from 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl glycals, has been done along with chemoselective saturation of olefins and reductive aminations as key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Prasad Kokatla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208 016, India
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29
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Wang N, Zhang LH, Ye XS. A new synthetic access to bicyclic polyhydroxylated alkaloid analogues from pyranosides. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2639-49. [DOI: 10.1039/b923180c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Mercer TB, Jenkinson SF, Bartholomew B, Nash RJ, Miyauchi S, Kato A, Fleet GW. Looking glass inhibitors: both enantiomeric N-benzyl derivatives of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-lyxitol [a potent competitive inhibitor of α-d-galactosidase] and of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-lyxitol [a weak competitive inhibitor of α-d-galactosidase] inhibit naringinase, an α-l-rhamnosidase competitively. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Izquierdo I, Plaza MT, Tamayo JA, Yáñez V, Lo Re D, Sánchez-Cantalejo F. First total synthesis and absolute configuration of naturally occurring (−)-hyacinthacine A7 and its (−)-1-epi-isomer. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Takahashi M, Maehara T, Sengoku T, Fujita N, Takabe K, Yoda H. New asymmetric strategy for the total synthesis of naturally occurring (+)-alexine and (−)-7-epi-alexine. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Chemical and chemo-enzymatic approaches to glycosidase inhibitors with basic nitrogen in the sugar ring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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34
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Aldonolactones as chiral synthons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Calveras J, Casas J, Parella T, Joglar J, Clapés P. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Inhibitory Activities of Hyacinthacines A1 and A2 Stereoisomers. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Håkansson AE, van Ameijde J, Guglielmini L, Horne G, Nash RJ, Evinson EL, Kato A, Fleet GW. Looking glass inhibitors: synthesis of a potent naringinase inhibitor l-DIM [1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-l-mannitol], the enantiomer of DIM [1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-mannitol] a potent α-d-mannosidase inhibitor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Monclus MDLA, Cesari A, Cabrillana ME, Borelli PV, Vincenti AE, Burgos MH, Fornés MW. Mouse Sperm Rosette: Assembling During Epididymal Transit, in vitro Disassemble, and Oligosaccharide Participation in the Linkage Material. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2007; 290:814-24. [PMID: 17541971 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In many mammals, sperm associations had been observed, but not in the mouse. In this work, mouse sperm rosettes are morphologically described inside the epididymis and during its dissolution in a culture medium. Also characterized are the saccharides present in the linking material. Sperm association and other epididymal actions are supported by sperm during epididymal transit and are verified at the caudal region, suggesting a relation between epididymal transit and sperm maturation. In drops of epididymal content obtained from distal (cauda), but not from proximal (caput and corpus) regions; dissolved in culture medium, rosettes appear to be 10 to 15 motile sperm joined by their heads. After 3 min, sperm progressively detach, disassembling the rosette. These structures are studied by several techniques, including optic, electronic (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy), and video microscopy. At the ultrastructural level, a dense network of electron-dense material was observed between sperm heads, joining them. Based on previous works in rat, several lectins were used to characterize the type of saccharides present in this linking material. To avoid the contact between sperm and epididymal fluid from distal region--that probably exerts an influence on sperm association--a ligature was placed between caput and corpus. This epididymal content isolated from caput did not display any rosettes after 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de los Angeles Monclus
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Histology and Embryology Area, Department of Morphology and Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.
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38
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39
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Sletten EM, Liotta LJ. A Flexible Stereospecific Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Pyrrolizidines from Commercially Available Pyranosides. J Org Chem 2006; 71:1335-43. [PMID: 16468780 DOI: 10.1021/jo051792o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing sugar analogues, known as azasugars or iminosugars, such as polyhydroxylated piperdines, pyrrolidines, pyrrolizidines, and indolizidines, have the potential to become important therapeutic agents due to their ability to inhibit glycosidases. Synthetic pathways that are able to systematically produce a variety of these azasugars are eagerly sought after, since even minute structural or stereochemical changes often significantly alter the degree of inhibition. The synthesis of tetrahydroxylated pyrrolizidines 40 and 41 starting from methyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside is described and will be used as a template to develop syntheses of all the stereoisomers of polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine 9 as well as other analogous bicyclic polyhydroxylated iminosugars. The key steps in this synthesis involve a one-pot conversion of a halopyranoside to a divinylamine by employing a simultaneous Zn reduction and reductive amination of the resulting aldehyde. After protection of the amine, a ring-closing metathesis results in a multifunctional eight-membered ring that then undergoes an internal S(N)2 cyclization to form an alkene-containing pyrrolizidine 33. Dihydroxylation of the alkene followed by hydrogenolysis of the benzyl protecting groups results in tetrahydroxylated pyrrolizidines 40 and 41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, Stonehill College, 320 Washington Street, Easton, Massachusetts 02357, USA
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40
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Chabaud L, Landais Y, Renaud P. Total Synthesis of Hyacinthacine A1 and 3-epi-Hyacinthacine A1. Org Lett 2005; 7:2587-90. [PMID: 15957897 DOI: 10.1021/ol050713s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Total synthesis of hyacinthacine A(1) and its epimer at C3 is described. The synthesis includes a stereocontrolled carboazidation of a chiral allylsilane as a key step. C-Si bond oxidation and reduction of the azide, with ring-closure, complete the total synthesis, which establishes the absolute configuration of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Chabaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Organométallique, Université Bordeaux-I, 351, Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
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41
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Chapman TM, Davies IG, Gu B, Block TM, Scopes DIC, Hay PA, Courtney SM, McNeill LA, Schofield CJ, Davis BG. Glyco- and peptidomimetics from three-component Joullié-Ugi coupling show selective antiviral activity. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:506-7. [PMID: 15643858 DOI: 10.1021/ja043924l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination-elimination chemistry coupled with three-component Joullié-Ugi reaction and facile deprotection allowed efficient access to an array of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines through parallel synthesis that may be considered to be a library of imino (aza) sugars (glycomimetics) and/or dihydroxyprolyl peptides (peptidomimetics). The utility of generating such a library was illustrated by screening against 15 different targets that revealed potent and selective inhibition of the Gaucher's disease glycosyltransferase enzyme glucosylceramide synthase and of primary pathogen model for human hepatitis C virus (HCV) and bovine diarrhoeal virus (BVDV). An observed selectivity for this HCV model over hepatitis B virus and remarkably low toxicity suggest a novel mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Chapman
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford UK, OX1 3TA
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42
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Tauss A, Greimel P, Rupitz K, Steiner AJ, Stütz AE, Withers SG, Wrodnigg TM. Non-natural aldofuranosides as substrates of a β-glucosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Szemes F, Kadlečı́ková K, Marchalı́n Š, Bobošı́ková M, Dalla V, Daı̈ch A. Diastereoselective access to hexahydro- and octahydrofuro[f]indolizines analogues of phenanthro[f]indolizidines alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Carmona AT, Fuentes J, Vogel P, Robina I. Stereoselective synthesis of novel tetrahydroxypyrrolizidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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45
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Carmona AT, Fuentes J, Robina I, García ER, Demange R, Vogel P, Winters AL. Stereoselective syntheses of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-octitols and novel tetrahydroxyindolizidines. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3874-83. [PMID: 12737566 DOI: 10.1021/jo026688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new route for the preparation of four new indolizidines, (1R,2S,6S,7S,8aS)- and (1R,2S,6R,7R,8aS)-1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxyindolizidine (30 and 32) and (1S,2R,7S,8S,8aR)- and (1S,2R,7R,8R,8aR)-1,2,7,8-tetrahydroxyindolizidine (44 and 46), is reported. The synthesis is based on Knoevenagel homologation of the readily available enantiomerically pure pyrrolidin-carbaldehydes 13 and 37followed by asymmetric dihydroxylation of the subsequent alkenyl pyrrolidines and cyclization of the corresponding imino-octitols. The new indolizidines and their precursors (imino-octitols 20, 25, 26) and indolizidinones 28a and 28b have been tested for inhibitory activities toward 26 glycosidases. The enzymatic inhibition of trans-7-hydroxy-d-(-)-swainsonine (44) toward alpha-mannosidases is similar to that described for trans-7-hydroxy-l-(+)-swainsonine (11b) toward naringinase (alpha-l-rhamnosidase from Penicillium decumbens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Carmona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, Spain
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46
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Heikinheimo P, Helland R, Leiros HKS, Leiros I, Karlsen S, Evjen G, Ravelli R, Schoehn G, Ruigrok R, Tollersrud OK, McSweeney S, Hough E. The structure of bovine lysosomal alpha-mannosidase suggests a novel mechanism for low-pH activation. J Mol Biol 2003; 327:631-44. [PMID: 12634058 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (LAM: EC 3.2.1.24) belongs to the sequence-based glycoside hydrolase family 38 (GH38). Two other mammalian GH38 members, Golgi alpha-mannosidase II (GIIAM) and cytosolic alpha-mannosidase, are expressed in all tissues. In humans, cattle, cat and guinea pig, lack of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase activity causes the autosomal recessive disease alpha-mannosidosis. Here, we describe the three-dimensional structure of bovine lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (bLAM) at 2.7A resolution and confirm the solution state dimer by electron microscopy. We present the first structure of a mammalian GH38 enzyme that offers indications for the signal areas for mannose phosphorylation, suggests a previously undetected mechanism of low-pH activation and provides a template for further biochemical studies of the family 38 glycoside hydrolases as well as lysosomal transport. Furthermore, it provides a basis for understanding the human form of alpha-mannosidosis at the atomic level. The atomic coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (accession codes 1o7d and r1o7dsf).
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47
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Saotome C, Wong CH, Kanie O. Combinatorial library of five-membered iminocyclitol and the inhibitory activities against glyco-enzymes. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2001; 8:1061-70. [PMID: 11731297 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(01)00074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligosaccharide processing enzymes are important classes of catalysts involved in synthesizing specific oligosaccharide structures on proteins and sphingolipids. Development of specific inhibitors of such enzymes is of current interest as these inhibitors may be used to control cellular functions. Five-membered iminocyclitols have been shown to be potent inhibitors of such enzymes. Since a rational design and synthesis of inhibitors is often extremely difficult due to the limited information regarding the structure of the active site, we carried out a combinatorial library approach. RESULTS To create diversity, we decided to use an aldehyde group of a protected iminocyclitol for reductive amination and the Strecker reaction. After transformation of the nitrile group introduced by the Strecker reaction into an amine and amide and complete deprotection, a small library of five-membered iminocyclitols consisting of 27 compounds was synthesized. A series of compounds obtained by reductive amination was first screened as potential inhibitors of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. Among them, compounds carrying a C(10)-alkyl group showed marked enhancement of inhibitory activity against alpha-mannosidase at 10 microM concentration when compared with its parent compound and deoxymannojirimycin. Furthermore, compounds having the phenylethyl group showed an extremely strong inhibitory effect against alpha-galactosaminidase at a K(i) value of 29.4 nM. Compounds with an aminomethyl and amide group at the C-1' position of these two molecules showed a decrease in inhibitory activities. CONCLUSIONS A combinatorial approach based on five-membered iminocyclitols with a galacto-configuration was exploited. The potential usefulness of the library as a source of inhibitors of glycoenzymes is clearly shown in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Saotome
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Science (MITILS), Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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49
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Watson AA, Fleet GW, Asano N, Molyneux RJ, Nash RJ. Polyhydroxylated alkaloids -- natural occurrence and therapeutic applications. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 56:265-295. [PMID: 11243453 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Over one hundred polyhydroxylated alkaloids have been isolated from plants and micro-organisms. These alkaloids can be potent and highly selective glycosidase inhibitors and are arousing great interest as tools to study cellular recognition and as potential therapeutic agents. However, only three of the natural products so far have been widely studied for therapeutic potential due largely to the limited commercial availability of the other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Watson
- Molecular Nature Limited, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, UK
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50
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Davis BG, Brandstetter TW, Hackett L, Winchester BG, Nash RJ, Watson AA, Griffiths RC, Smith C, Fleet GW. Tetrazoles of manno- and rhamno-pyranoses: Contrasting inhibition of mannosidases by [4.3.0] but of rhamnosidase by [3.3.0] bicyclic tetrazoles. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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