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Rahman BMA, Viphavakit C, Chitaree R, Ghosh S, Pathak AK, Verma S, Sakda N. Optical Fiber, Nanomaterial, and THz-Metasurface-Mediated Nano-Biosensors: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12010042. [PMID: 35049670 PMCID: PMC8773603 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanomaterials and scalable, high-yield nanofabrication process are revolutionizing the development of novel biosensors. Over the past decades, researches on nanotechnology-mediated biosensing have been on the forefront due to their potential application in healthcare, pharmaceutical, cell diagnosis, drug delivery, and water and air quality monitoring. The advancement of nanoscale science relies on a better understanding of theory, manufacturing and fabrication practices, and the application specific methods. The topology and tunable properties of nanoparticles, a part of nanoscale science, can be changed by different manufacturing processes, which separate them from their bulk counterparts. In the recent past, different nanostructures, such as nanosphere, nanorods, nanofiber, core-shell nanoparticles, nanotubes, and thin films, have been exploited to enhance the detectability of labelled or label-free biological molecules with a high accuracy. Furthermore, these engineered-materials-associated transducing devices, e.g., optical waveguides and metasurface-based scattering media, widened the horizon of biosensors over a broad wavelength range from deep-ultraviolet to far-infrared. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major scientific achievements in nano-biosensors based on optical fiber, nanomaterials and terahertz-domain metasurface-based refractometric, labelled and label-free nano-biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Azizur Rahman
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charusluk Viphavakit
- International School of Engineering and Intelligent Control Automation of Process Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.V.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Ratchapak Chitaree
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6AE, UK;
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pathak
- International School of Engineering and Intelligent Control Automation of Process Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.V.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Sneha Verma
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Natsima Sakda
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
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Bondzio A, Pieper R, Gabler C, Weise C, Schulze P, Zentek J, Einspanier R. Feeding low or pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide changes the hepatic proteome profiles in weaned piglets. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81202. [PMID: 24282572 PMCID: PMC3839893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological levels of zinc oxide can promote growth and health of weaning piglets, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the global hepatic protein expression in response to dietary zinc oxide in weaned piglets. Nine half-sib piglets were allocated to three dietary zinc treatment groups (50, 150, 2500 mg/kg dry matter). After 14 d, pigs were euthanized and liver samples taken. The increase in hepatic zinc concentration following dietary supplementation of zinc was accompanied by up-regulation of metallothionein mRNA and protein expression. Global hepatic protein profiles were obtained by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis following matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 15 proteins were differentially (P<0.05) expressed between groups receiving control (150 mg/kg) or pharmacological levels of zinc (2500 mg/kg) with 7 down- (e.g. arginase1, thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, HSP70) and 8 up-regulated (e.g. apolipoprotein AI, transferrin, C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase) proteins. Additionally, three proteins were differentially expressed with low zinc supply (50 mg/kg Zn) in comparison to the control diet. The identified proteins were mainly associated with functions related to cellular stress, transport, metabolism, and signal transduction. The differential regulation was evaluated at the mRNA level and a subset of three proteins of different functional groups was selected for confirmation by western blotting. The results of this proteomic study suggest that zinc affects important liver functions such as blood protein secretion, protein metabolism, detoxification and redox homeostasis, thus supporting the hypothesis of intermediary effects of pharmacological levels of zinc oxide fed to pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Bondzio
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Gabler
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Schulze
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Supplementation of insulin-transferrin-selenium to embryo culture medium improves the in vitro development of pig embryos. ZYGOTE 2013; 22:411-8. [PMID: 23506698 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199412000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Insulin, transferrin and selenium (ITS) supplementation to oocyte maturation medium improves the post-fertilization embryonic development in pigs. ITS is also commonly used as a supplement for the in vitro culture (IVC) of embryos and stem cells in several mammalian species. However, its use during IVC of pig embryos has not been explored. This study investigated the effect of ITS supplementation to IVC medium on the in vitro development ability of pig embryos produced by parthenogenetic activation (PA), in vitro fertilization (IVF) or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We observed that ITS had no significant effect on the rate of first cleavage (P > 0.05). However, the rate of blastocyst formation in ITS-treated PA (45.3 ± 1.9 versus 27.1 ± 2.3%), IVF (31.6 ± 0.6 versus 23.5 ± 0.6%) and SCNT (17.6 ± 2.3 versus 10.7 ± 1.4%) embryos was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of non-treated controls. Culture of PA embryos in the presence of ITS also enhanced the expansion and hatching ability (29.1 ± 3.0 versus 18.2 ± 3.8%; P < 0.05) of blastocysts and increased the total number of cells per blastocyst (53 ± 2.5 versus 40.9 ± 2.6; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the beneficial effect of ITS on PA embryos was associated with significantly reduced level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (20.0 ± 2.6 versus 46.9 ± 3.0). However, in contrast to PA embryos, ITS had no significant effect on the blastocyst quality of IVF and SCNT embryos (P > 0.05). Taken together, these data suggest that supplementation of ITS to the IVC medium exerts a beneficial but differential effect on pig embryos that varies with the method of embryo production in vitro.
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El-Sharaky AS, Newairy AA, Badreldeen MM, Eweda SM, Sheweita SA. Protective role of selenium against renal toxicity induced by cadmium in rats. Toxicology 2007; 235:185-93. [PMID: 17448585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental toxic metal implicated in human diseases. The mechanism of its toxicity is not fully understood. Therefore, the role of cadmium in renal toxicity, and the protective role of selenium against this toxicity were investigated. Forty-five male rats were used through out the study and divided into three groups of 15. The first group received saline solution daily for 10 days. The second group, received cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (2 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally daily for a period of 10 days. The third group, received sodium selenite (1 mg/kg body weight, twice in 10 days) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) once a day [corrected] The results showed that cadmium treatment increased renal lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde, MDA) which was associated with a significant decrease in the antioxidant systems such as reduced glutathione levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). On the other hand, pretreatment of rats with selenium and cadmium led to a significant decrease in MDA concentration, and increased levels of GSH and the activities of GPx and TrxR when compared with those of cadmium-treated group. The total levels of phospholipid, triglyceride, and cholesterolester classes were decreased, while free fatty acids levels were markedly increased after cadmium treatment. In addition, the total levels of both mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids of different lipid classes were significantly decreased, while the total saturated fatty acids was significantly increased by cadmium treatment. Pretreatment of rats with selenium, was found to protect kidney tissues of rats against the biochemical changes resulting from cadmium administration. These results suggest that cadmium causes renal toxicity by inducing lipid peroxidation, decreasing antioxidant systems, and also by altering lipid metabolism. In addition, selenium treatment could protect the kidney tissues against the toxicity of cadmium since it reduced MDA levels and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in these tissues. These results could be important for the further understanding of the complex mechanisms of cadmium toxicity in kidney tissues and in the development of better treatments for people and/or animals exposed to the heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S El-Sharaky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Uhm SJ, Gupta MK, Yang JH, Lee SH, Lee HT. Selenium improves the developmental ability and reduces the apoptosis in porcine parthenotes. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:1386-94. [PMID: 17342738 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element in conventional tissue culture media to guarantee adequate biosynthesis of selenoprotein in cellular antioxidant system to protect the cells from oxidative damage and apoptosis. This study investigated the effect of selenium, in the form of sodium selenite (SS), on developmental ability and quality of in vitro produced porcine parthenotes. For this, parthenogenetic presumptive diploid zygotes were produced by electroactivation and cultured in the absence or presence of SS at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 25, 250 ng/ml) in a serum-free defined culture medium supplemented with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Results showed that, development rate of 2-4 cell stage parthenotes to blastocyst and their cell number was increased while TUNEL index was decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, when SS was supplemented to NCSU23 + PVA. Interestingly, the blastocyst rate and their quality approached to those cultured in NCSU23 + BSA (P < 0.05), thereby suggesting PVA + 25 ng/ml SS to be a partial replacement of BSA. In the presence of PVA, supplementation of SS at a concentration of 25 ng/ml did not improve the cleavage rate of in vitro matured oocytes but there was significant improvement in the blastocyst rate (45.4 +/- 8.8% vs. 12.7 +/- 4.8%), total nuclei number (42.1 +/- 3.5 vs. 31.3 +/- 2.9) and inner cell mass (ICM) rate (29.4 +/- 1.5% vs. 21.3 +/- 1.2%) and decrease in TUNEL index (5.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 12.9 +/- 1.3) compared to nonsupplemented controls. The SS supplementation also decreased the BAX:BCL-xL transcript ratio, increased the expression of ERK1/2 and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and reduced the level of Caspase 3 proteins (P < 0.05). These data thus suggest that SS improves the development rate and quality of porcine parthenotes by preventing oxidative damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Uhm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Jernejc K, Legisa M. The influence of metal ions on malic enzyme activity and lipid synthesis in Aspergillus niger. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 217:185-90. [PMID: 12480102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of copper significant induction of citric acid overflow was observed, while concomitantly lower levels of total lipids were detected in the cells. Its effect was more obvious in a medium with magnesium as sole divalent metal ions, while in a medium with magnesium and manganese the addition of copper had a less pronounced effect. Since the malic enzyme was recognised as a supplier of reducing power in the form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate for lipid biosynthesis, its kinetic parameters with regard to different concentrations of metal ions were investigated. Some inhibition was found with Fe(2+) and Zn(2+), while Cu(2+) ions in a concentration of 0.1 mM completely abolished malic enzyme activity. The same metal ions proportionally reduced the levels of total lipids in Aspergillus niger cells. A strong competitive inhibition of the enzyme by Cu(2+) was observed. It seemed that copper competes with Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) for the same binding site on the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Jernejc
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Shameena B, Renuka TR, Varghese S, Paulose CS, Oommen OV. Hypothyroidism and nutritional status alter 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) receptors in isolated liver nuclei of Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Endocr Res 2001; 27:329-36. [PMID: 11678580 DOI: 10.1081/erc-100106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
T3 receptors are ligand-dependent transcriptional activators that can stimulate gene expression resulting in growth and development. In this study T3 binding sites on isolated liver nuclei are demonstrated in the teleost Anabas testudineus. The effect of hypothyroidism and feeding of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on T3 receptor number and binding affinity was also studied. Hypothyroidism caused an increase in T3 receptor number and a decrease in receptor affinity. PUFA feeding also increased the T3 receptor number without any significant change in its receptor affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shameena
- Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Freake HC, Govoni KE, Guda K, Huang C, Zinn SA. Actions and interactions of thyroid hormone and zinc status in growing rats. J Nutr 2001; 131:1135-41. [PMID: 11285315 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.4.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both thyroid hormone (triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) and zinc play important roles in growth and development. The T3 receptor is thought to require zinc to adopt its biologically active conformation. Some of the effects of zinc deficiency, therefore, may be due to loss of zinc from the T3 receptor and impairment of T3 action. This possibility was investigated in growing rats by examining the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in zinc-deficient, pair-fed and control rats. Measurement of serum zinc and T3 confirmed the efficacy of the treatments. Zinc deficiency and hypothyroidism resulted in lower food intake and growth failure, but no interaction was observed between the two treatments. Individual tissue weights were influenced by thyroid status as expected, regardless of zinc status. Both dietary and hormonal treatments influenced serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in an interactive manner. IGF-I was reduced to a greater extent in zinc-deficient than in pair-fed rats compared with controls. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism reduced serum IGF-I, and a greater reduction due to hyperthyroidism was apparent in zinc-deficient rats. IGF binding proteins were also influenced by diet and thyroid status. The hepatic expression of mRNA S14 was assessed as a direct index of the nuclear action of T3, but its response was not influenced by dietary treatment. Although confirming the role of both T3 and zinc in the regulation of growth and the somatotrophic axis, the growth failure of zinc deficiency does not appear to be due to impaired T3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Freake
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4017, USA.
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Sciaudone MP, Chattopadhyay S, Freake HC. Chelation of zinc amplifies induction of growth hormone mRNA levels in cultured rat pituitary tumor cells. J Nutr 2000; 130:158-63. [PMID: 10720163 DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is thought to be an integral part of nuclear receptor proteins, stabilizing them in a conformation required for binding to target genes. However, we have recently shown that restriction of zinc availability with a chelator (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid, DTPA) enhances, rather than inhibits, the ability of thyroid hormone to induce growth hormone mRNA expression in GH3 rat pituitary tumor cells. In this report, we have extended these observations by showing that a prolonged (48 h) exposure to DTPA is required to see these effects. The induction by DTPA can be reversed by subsequent addition of zinc, but again, this reversal is slow. A second chelator, EDTA, can also induce growth hormone gene expression in the presence of thyroid hormone, though it is less potent than DTPA. Other agents which act via the nuclear receptor pathway, all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid, also induce expression of growth hormone mRNA. Addition of DTPA amplifies these effects in a zinc-dependent manner. Thus chelation of zinc potentiates the action of ligands acting via nuclear receptors on growth hormone gene expression. The delayed nature of the response suggests an indirect effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sciaudone
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-4017, USA
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Speake BK, Murray AM, Noble RC. Transport and transformations of yolk lipids during development of the avian embryo. Prog Lipid Res 1998; 37:1-32. [PMID: 9764310 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(97)00012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B K Speake
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Scottish Agricultural College, Ayr, Scotland
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Chattopadhyay S, Freake HC. Zinc chelation enhances thyroid hormone induction of growth hormone mRNA in GH3 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1998; 136:151-7. [PMID: 9548219 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(97)00228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of restriction and addition of zinc on thyroid hormone responsiveness of the growth hormone gene were investigated in GH3, rat pituitary tumor cells. Addition of diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA), a membrane-impermeable chelator, resulted in up to 10-fold increases in GH mRNA in the presence of 10 nM T3, with half-maximal induction at 50 microM DTPA. Only minor effects were seen in the absence of T3. Addition of zinc inhibited the stimulatory effect of DTPA in a dose-dependent manner. Equimolar concentrations of other divalent cations could not substitute for zinc, though inhibitions of the DTPA effect were observed at higher concentrations. In the absence of DTPA, exogenous zinc (100 microM) inhibited T3-induced GH mRNA by approximately 33%. Addition of DTPA or zinc did not affect T3 binding to its nuclear receptor. DTPA also enhanced the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on GH mRNA. The results demonstrate that restricted zinc availability positively affects T3 induction of the GH gene in GH3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chattopadhyay
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-4017, USA
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