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Hakami Zanjani AA, Ebstrup ML, Nylandsted J, Khandelia H. Modulation of Annexin-Induced Membrane Curvature by Cholesterol and the Anionic Lipid Headgroup during Plasma Membrane Repair. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39214593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Annexins (ANXAs), calcium-sensitive phospholipid-binding proteins, are pivotal for cellular membrane repair, which is crucial for eukaryotic cell survival under membrane stress. With their unique trimeric arrangements and crystalline arrays on the membrane surface, ANXA4 and ANXA5 induce membrane curvature and rapidly orchestrate plasma membrane resealing. However, the influence of cholesterol and anionic lipid headgroups on annexin-induced membrane curvature remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we measured the local curvature-induced underneath ANXA4 and ANXA5 monomers and trimers when they bind to lipid bilayers of distinct lipid compositions: PSPC (20% POPS, 80% POPC), PAPC (20% POPA, 80% POPC), and PSPCCHL (14% POPS, 56% POPC, 30% cholesterol). Laser injury experiments were conducted on MCF7 cells transfected to transiently express fluorescently labeled ANXA4 or ANXA5 to facilitate the examination of protein and lipid accumulation at the damage site. Annexin trimers induce higher curvature than monomers, particularly with cholesterol present. Annexin trimers induce similar curvatures on both PAPC and PSPC membranes. Notably, among monomers, ANXA5 induces the highest curvature on PAPC, suggesting more efficient recruitment of ANXA5 compared with ANXA4 in the early stages of membrane repair near a lesion. Laser injury experiments confirm rapid coaccumulation of phosphatidic acid lipids with ANXA4 and ANXA5 at repair sites, potentially enhancing the accumulation of annexins in the early stages of membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Hakami Zanjani
- PHYLIFE: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Himanshu Khandelia
- PHYLIFE: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
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Hakami Zanjani AA, Mularski A, Busk Heitmann AS, Dias C, Møller ME, Maeda K, Nylandsted J, Simonsen AC, Khandelia H. Engineering a membrane-binding protein to trimerize and induce high membrane curvature. Biophys J 2023; 122:3008-3017. [PMID: 37029488 PMCID: PMC10398344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The annexins are a family of Ca2+-dependent peripheral membrane proteins. Several annexins are implicated in plasma membrane repair and are overexpressed in cancer cells. Annexin A4 (ANXA4) and annexin A5 (ANXA5) form trimers that induce high curvature on a membrane surface, a phenomenon deemed to accelerate membrane repair. Despite being highly homologous to ANXA4, annexin A3 (ANXA3) does not form trimers on the membrane surface. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we have reverse engineered an ANXA3-mutant to trimerize on the surface of the membrane and induce high curvature reminiscent of ANXA4. In addition, atomic force microscopy images show that, like ANXA4, the engineered protein forms crystalline arrays on a supported lipid membrane. Despite the trimer-forming and curvature-inducing properties of the engineered ANXA3, it does not accumulate near a membrane lesion in laser-punctured cells and is unable to repair the lesion. Our investigation provides insights into the factors that drive annexin-mediated membrane repair and shows that the membrane-repairing property of trimer-forming annexins also necessitates high membrane binding affinity, other than trimer formation and induction of negative membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Hakami Zanjani
- University of Southern Denmark, PHYLIFE: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Mularski
- University of Southern Denmark, PHYLIFE: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Catarina Dias
- Danish Cancer Society, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle Ege Møller
- University of Southern Denmark, PHYLIFE: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Danish Cancer Society, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Danish Cancer Society, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark, Department of Molecular Medicine, Odense, Denmark
| | - Adam Cohen Simonsen
- University of Southern Denmark, PHYLIFE: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Himanshu Khandelia
- University of Southern Denmark, PHYLIFE: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Florentsen CD, Kamp-Sonne A, Moreno-Pescador G, Pezeshkian W, Hakami Zanjani AA, Khandelia H, Nylandsted J, Bendix PM. Annexin A4 trimers are recruited by high membrane curvatures in giant plasma membrane vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:308-318. [PMID: 32756654 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) of eukaryotic cells consists of a crowded environment comprised of a high diversity of proteins in a complex lipid matrix. The lateral organization of membrane proteins in the PM is closely correlated with biological functions such as endocytosis, membrane budding and other processes which involve protein mediated shaping of the membrane into highly curved structures. Annexin A4 (ANXA4) is a prominent player in a number of biological functions including PM repair. Its binding to membranes is activated by Ca2+ influx and it is therefore rapidly recruited to the cell surface near rupture sites where Ca2+ influx takes place. However, the free edges near rupture sites can easily bend into complex curvatures and hence may accelerate recruitment of curvature sensing proteins to facilitate rapid membrane repair. To analyze the curvature sensing behavior of curvature inducing proteins in crowded membranes, we quantifify the affinity of ANXA4 monomers and trimers for high membrane curvatures by extracting membrane nanotubes from giant PM vesicles (GPMVs). ANXA4 is found to be a sensor of negative membrane curvatures. Multiscale simulations, in which we extract molecular information from atomistic scale simulations as input to our macroscopic scale simulations, furthermore predicted that ANXA4 trimers generate membrane curvature upon binding and have an affinity for highly curved membrane regions only within a well defined membrane curvature window. Our results indicate that curvature sensing and mobility of ANXA4 depend on the trimer structure of ANXA4 which could provide new biophysical insight into the role of ANXA4 in membrane repair and other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weria Pezeshkian
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Himanshu Khandelia
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Simonsen AC, Boye TL, Nylandsted J. Annexins Bend Wound Edges during Plasma Membrane Repair. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3600-3610. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190121121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells defines the boundary to the extracellular environment
and, thus provides essential protection from the surroundings. Consequently, disruptions to
the cell membrane triggered by excessive mechanical or biochemical stresses pose fatal threats to
cells, which they need to cope with to survive. Eukaryotic cells cope with these threats by activating
their plasma membrane repair system, which is shared by other cellular functions, and includes
mechanisms to remove damaged membrane by internalization (endocytosis), shedding, reorganization
of cytoskeleton and membrane fusion events to reseal the membrane. Members of the
annexin protein family, which are characterized by their Ca2+-dependent binding to anionic phospholipids,
are important regulators of plasma membrane repair. Recent studies based on cellular and
biophysical membrane models show that they have more distinct functions in the repair response
than previously assumed by regulating membrane curvature and excision of damaged membrane. In
cells, plasma membrane injury and flux of Ca2+ ions into the cytoplasm trigger recruitment of annexins
including annexin A4 and A6 to the membrane wound edges. Here, they induce curvature and
constriction force, which help pull the wound edges together for eventual fusion. Cancer cells are
dependent on efficient plasma membrane repair to counteract frequent stress-induced membrane
injuries, which opens novel avenues to target cancer cells through their membrane repair system.
Here, we discuss mechanisms of single cell wound healing implicating annexin proteins and membrane
curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cohen Simonsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK- 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Theresa Louise Boye
- Membrane Integrity Group, Unit for Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity Group, Unit for Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ha SH, Kim HK, Anh NTT, Kim N, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Han J. Time-dependent proteomic and genomic alterations in Toll-like receptor-4-activated human chondrocytes: increased expression of lamin A/C and annexins. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:531-546. [PMID: 28883757 PMCID: PMC5587603 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.5.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in articular chondrocytes increases the catabolic compartment and leads to matrix degradation during the development of osteoarthritis. In this study, we determined the proteomic and genomic alterations in human chondrocytes during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and consequences of TLR-4 activation. Human chondrocytes were cultured with LPS for 12, 24, and 36 h to induce TLR-4 activation. The TLR-4-induced inflammatory response was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis of increased interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression levels. In TLR-4-activated chondrocytes, proteomic changes were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectroscopy analysis, and genomic changes were determined by microarray and gene ontology analyses. Proteomics analysis identified 26 proteins with significantly altered expression levels; these proteins were related to the cytoskeleton and oxidative stress responses. Gene ontology analysis indicated that LPS treatment altered specific functional pathways including ‘chemotaxis’, ‘hematopoietic organ development’, ‘positive regulation of cell proliferation’, and ‘regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process’. Nine of the 26 identified proteins displayed the same increased expression patterns in both proteomics and genomics analyses. Western blot analysis confirmed the LPS-induced increases in expression levels of lamin A/C and annexins 4/5/6. In conclusion, this study identified the time-dependent genomic, proteomic, and functional pathway alterations that occur in chondrocytes during LPS-induced TLR-4 activation. These results provide valuable new insights into the underlying mechanisms that control the development and progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Ha
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea.,Department of Health Technology Development, Health Project Management Team, Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Tuyet Anh
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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6
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Wei B, Guo C, Liu S, Sun MZ. Annexin A4 and cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 447:72-8. [PMID: 26048190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A4 (Anxa4) is one of the Ca(2+)-regulated and phospholipid-binding annexin superfamily proteins. Anxa4 has a potential role in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of certain cancers. Studies indicate that Anxa4 up-regulation promotes the progression of tumor and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), endometrial carcinoma (EC), gastric cancer (GC), chemoresistant lung cancer (LC), malignant mesothelioma (MM), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer (BC), and laryngeal cancer. Interestingly, Anxa4 also might specifically function as a tumor suppressor for prostate cancer (PCa) and have a paradoxical role for pancreatic cancer (PCC). Differential expression of Anxa4 may distinguish major salivary gland tumor (MSGT) from thyroid cancer. In addition, its differential expression was linked to Sirt1-induced cisplatin resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and miR-7-induced migration and invasion inhibition of glioma. This current review summarizes and discusses the clinical significance of Anxa4 in cancer as well as its potential mechanisms of action. It may provide new integrative understanding for future studies on the exact role of Anxa4 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Matsuzaki S, Serada S, Morimoto A, Ueda Y, Yoshino K, Kimura T, Naka T. Annexin A4 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of platinum-resistant cancers. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:403-14. [PMID: 24479491 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.882323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platinum drugs are widely used for the treatment of testicular, bladder, ovarian, colorectal, lung and prostate cancers. With regard to ovarian cancer in particular, the prognosis is poor for tumours that are (or have become) platinum-resistant. Determining the mechanism underlying platinum resistance may aid in the identification of therapeutic targets for the treatment of platinum-resistant tumours. AREAS COVERED This review gives an overview of the characteristics and functions of Annexin (Anx) A4, the mechanism of Anx A4-induced platinum resistance, the association between platinum resistance and platinum transporters, recent reports that Anx A4 overexpression promotes the efflux of platinum drugs via platinum transporters and the association between other Anxs and chemoresistance. The reader will gain an understanding of recent studies on the mechanism of Anx A4-induced chemoresistance. Anx A4 represents a therapeutic target for the treatment of Anx A4-overexpressing platinum-resistant tumours. EXPERT OPINION Anx A4 is overexpressed in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC), and enhanced Anx A4 expression induces platinum resistance. Recent studies showed that Anx A4 is also associated with platinum resistance in cancers other than ovarian CCC. Furthermore, other Anxs are reportedly associated with chemoresistance, suggesting a relationship between the Anx family and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Matsuzaki
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
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Crosby KC, Postma M, Hink MA, Zeelenberg CHC, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Gadella TWJ. Quantitative analysis of self-association and mobility of annexin A4 at the plasma membrane. Biophys J 2013; 104:1875-85. [PMID: 23663830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins, found in most eukaryotic species, are cytosolic proteins that are able to bind negatively-charged phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. Annexin A4 (AnxA4) has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including the regulation of exocytosis and ion-transport; however, its precise mechanistic role is not fully understood. AnxA4 has been shown to aggregate on lipid layers upon Ca(2+) binding in vitro, a characteristic that may be critical for its function. We have utilized advanced fluorescence microscopy to discern details on the mobility and self-assembly of AnxA4 after Ca(2+) influx at the plasma membrane in living cells. Total internal reflection microscopy in combination with Förster resonance energy transfer reveals that there is a delay between initial plasma membrane binding and the beginning of self-assembly and this process continues after the cytoplasmic pool has completely relocated. Number-and-brightness analysis suggests that the predominant membrane bound mobile form of the protein is trimeric. There also exists a pool of AnxA4 that forms highly immobile aggregates at the membrane. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching suggests that the relative proportion of these two forms varies and is correlated with membrane morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Crosby
- Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Yamashita T, Nagano K, Kanasaki SI, Maeda Y, Furuya T, Inoue M, Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Yoshioka Y, Itoh N, Abe Y, Kamada H, Tsutsumi Y, Tsunoda SI. Annexin A4 is a possible biomarker for cisplatin susceptibility of malignant mesothelioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:140-4. [PMID: 22497892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although cisplatin (CDDP) is an effective anticancer drug, its response rate is only 20%. Therefore, discovery of biomarkers is desirable to distinguish the CDDP-susceptible versus resistant cases. To this end, differential proteome analysis was performed to distinguish between mesothelioma cells of different CDDP susceptibilities, and this revealed that expression of annexin A4 (ANXA4) protein was higher in CDDP-resistant cells than in CDDP-susceptible cells. Furthermore, ANXA4 expression levels were higher in human clinical malignant mesothelioma tissues than in benign mesothelioma and normal mesothelial tissues. Finally, increased susceptibility was observed following gene knockdown of ANXA4 in mesothelioma cells, whereas the opposite effect was observed following transfection of an ANXA4 plasmid. These results suggest that ANXA4 has a regulatory function related to the cisplatin susceptibility of mesothelioma cells and that it could be a biomarker for CDDP susceptibility in pathological diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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10
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Kim A, Serada S, Enomoto T, Naka T. Targeting annexin A4 to counteract chemoresistance in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:963-71. [PMID: 20673185 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2010.511180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies in Western countries. Among the four major histological subtypes of EOC, clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary is highly resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy and is consequently associated with poor patient prognosis in advanced stages. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW An overview of the clinical characteristics of ovarian CCC; the role of annexin family proteins in tumor development and progression; the role of annexin A4 in enhancing cellular drug resistance; recent studies linking annexin A4 overexpression to chemoresistance in tumors of ovarian CCC. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Insight into the emerging role for annexin A4 in enhancing chemoresistance in ovarian CCC. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Annexin A4 enhances cancer cell chemoresistance and is overexpressed in tumors of patients with ovarian CCC. Targeting of annexin A4 may represent a future strategy to counteract resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kim
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
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Dilović I, Gliubich F, Malpeli G, Zanotti G, Matković-Calogović D. Crystal structure of bovine 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase. Biopolymers 2010; 91:1189-95. [PMID: 19226621 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to quinolinic acid, has been extracted and purified from bovine kidney, crystallized and its structure determined at 2.5 A resolution. The enzyme, which crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group, is a monomer, characterized by the so-called cupin fold. The monomer of the bovine enzyme mimics the dimer present in lower species, such as bacteria and yeast, since it is composed of two domains: one of them is equivalent to one monomer, whilst the second domain corresponds to only a portion of it. The active site consists of an iron ion coordinated by two histidine residues, one glutamate and an external ligand, which has been interpreted as a solvent molecule. It is contained in the N-terminal domain, whilst the function of the C-terminal domain is possibly structural. The catalytic mechanism very likely has been conserved through all species, since the positions of all residues considered relevant for the reaction are present from bacteria to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Dilović
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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12
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Kim A, Enomoto T, Serada S, Ueda Y, Takahashi T, Ripley B, Miyatake T, Fujita M, Lee CM, Morimoto K, Fujimoto M, Kimura T, Naka T. Enhanced expression of Annexin A4 in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary and its association with chemoresistance to carboplatin. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2316-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Turnay J, Guzmán-Aránguez A, Lecona E, Barrasa JI, Olmo N, Lizarbe MA. Key role of the N-terminus of chicken annexin A5 in vesicle aggregation. Protein Sci 2009; 18:1095-106. [PMID: 19388055 PMCID: PMC2771311 DOI: 10.1002/pro.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins involved in calcium signaling and intracellular membrane trafficking among other functions. Vesicle aggregation is a crucial event to make possible the membrane remodeling but this process is energetically unfavorable, and phospholipid membranes do not aggregate and fuse spontaneously. This issue can be circumvented by the presence of different agents such as divalent cations and/or proteins, among them some annexins. Although human annexin A5 lacks the ability to aggregate vesicles, here we demonstrate that its highly similar chicken ortholog induces aggregation of vesicles containing acidic phospholipids even at low protein and/or calcium concentration by establishment of protein dimers. Our experiments show that the ability to aggregate vesicles mainly resides in the N-terminus as truncation of the N-terminus of chicken annexin A5 significantly decreases this process and replacement of the N-terminus of human annexin A5 by that of chicken switches on aggregation; in both cases, there are no changes in the overall protein structure and only minor changes in phospholipid binding. Electrostatic repulsions between negatively charged residues in the concave face of the molecule, mainly in the N-terminus, seem to be responsible for the impairment of dimer formation in human annexin A5. Taking into account that chicken annexin A5 presents a high sequence and structural similarity with mammalian annexins absent in birds, as annexins A3 and A4, some of the physiological functions exerted by these proteins may be carried out by chicken annexin A5, even those that could require calcium-dependent membrane aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ma Antonia Lizarbe
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense28040-Madrid, Spain
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Chapter 9 Total internal reflection fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0075-7535(08)00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Skrahina T, Piljić A, Schultz C. Heterogeneity and timing of translocation and membrane-mediated assembly of different annexins. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:1039-47. [PMID: 18164291 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many cell types, including neurons and epithelial cells, express a variety of annexins. Although the overall function has only been partially unravelled, a dominant feature is the formation of two-dimensional assemblies under the plasma membrane in a calcium-dependent manner. Here we show that fluorescently tagged annexins A1, A2, A4, A5, and A6 translocate and assemble at the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, except annexin A2, which only attaches to the plasma membrane. All annexins have different response times to elevated calcium levels as was shown by the translocation of co-expressed proteins. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed the static nature of all annexin assemblies. Analysis of the assemblies by Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET) using acceptor bleaching demonstrated mostly annexin-specific self-assembly. Heterogeneous assembly formation was shown between annexins A5 and A1, and A5 and A2. The formation of homo- and heterogeneous annexin assemblies may play an important role when high increases in calcium occur, such as after disruption of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Skrahina
- Gene Expression Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Fischer T, Lu L, Haigler HT, Langen R. Annexin B12 is a sensor of membrane curvature and undergoes major curvature-dependent structural changes. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:9996-10004. [PMID: 17267400 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611180200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of membrane curvature plays an important role in many membrane trafficking and fusion events. Recent studies have begun to identify some of the proteins involved in controlling and sensing the curvature of cellular membranes. A mechanistic understanding of these processes is limited, however, as structural information for the membrane-bound forms of these proteins is scarce. Here, we employed a combination of biochemical and biophysical approaches to study the interaction of annexin B12 with membranes of different curvatures. We observed selective and Ca(2+)-independent binding of annexin B12 to negatively charged vesicles that were either highly curved or that contained lipids with negative intrinsic curvature. This novel curvature-dependent membrane interaction induced major structural rearrangements in the protein and resulted in a backbone fold that was different from that of the well characterized Ca(2+)-dependent membrane-bound form of annexin B12. Following curvature-dependent membrane interaction, the protein retained a predominantly alpha-helical structure but EPR spectroscopy studies of nitroxide side chains placed at selected sites on annexin B12 showed that the protein underwent inside-out refolding that brought previously buried hydrophobic residues into contact with the membrane. These structural changes were reminiscent of those previously observed following Ca(2+)-independent interaction of annexins with membranes at mildly acidic pH, yet they occurred at neutral pH in the presence of curved membranes. The present data demonstrate that annexin B12 is a sensor of membrane curvature and that membrane curvature can trigger large scale conformational changes. We speculate that membrane curvature could be a physiological signal that induces the previously reported Ca(2+)-independent membrane interaction of annexins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Lucy Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Harry T Haigler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697.
| | - Ralf Langen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033.
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17
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Ponnampalam AP, Rogers PAW. Cyclic changes and hormonal regulation of annexin IV mRNA and protein in human endometrium. Mol Hum Reprod 2006; 12:661-9. [PMID: 16954445 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gal075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin IV (ANXA4) belongs to a ubiquitous family of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. ANXA4 has been shown to be involved in a range of physiological functions including ion channel regulation, exocytosis and Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction. The aims of this study were to fully characterize ANXA4 mRNA and protein in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle and to investigate the hormonal regulation of ANXA4. ANXA4 mRNA expression was quantified by real-time PCR in fresh endometrial tissue from cycling women, and protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Hormonal regulation of ANXA4 transcription and translation was investigated using an endometrial explant system. ANXA4 mRNA was significantly up-regulated during mid-secretory (MS) and late-secretory (LS) phases compared with proliferative phases during the menstrual cycle. ANXA4 protein was localized to glandular and luminal epithelium and was present in high levels throughout the menstrual cycle except during early-secretory (ES) phase, when it was significantly reduced. Our data also show that, in proliferative explants, progesterone significantly increased the ANXA4 mRNA and protein after 48h in culture. Estrogen did not have any significant effects. This is the first study to show that ANXA4 transcription and translation are regulated by progesterone and suggests that ANXA4 may be important in regulating ion and water transport across the endometrial epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Ponnampalam
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VIC, Australia
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18
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Piljić A, Schultz C. Annexin A4 self-association modulates general membrane protein mobility in living cells. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:3318-28. [PMID: 16687573 PMCID: PMC1483058 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-01-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are Ca2+-regulated phospholipid-binding proteins whose function is only partially understood. Annexin A4 is a member of this family that is believed to be involved in exocytosis and regulation of epithelial Cl- secretion. In this work, fluorescent protein fusions of annexin A4 were used to investigate Ca2+-induced annexin A4 translocation and self-association on membrane surfaces in living cells. We designed a novel, genetically encoded, FRET sensor (CYNEX4) that allowed for easy quantification of translocation and self-association. Mobility of annexin A4 on membrane surfaces was investigated by FRAP. The experiments revealed the immobile nature of annexin A4 aggregates on membrane surfaces, which in turn strongly reduced the mobility of transmembrane and plasma membrane associated proteins. Our work provides mechanistic insight into how annexin A4 may regulate plasma membrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Piljić
- Gene Expression Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Gene Expression Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Hanshaw RG, Smith BD. New reagents for phosphatidylserine recognition and detection of apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:5035-42. [PMID: 15914007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipid bilayer surrounding animal cells is made up of four principle phospholipid components, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and sphingomyelin (SM). These four phospholipids are distributed between the two monolayers of the membrane in an asymmetrical fashion, with PC and SM largely populating the extracellular leaflet and PE and PS restricted primarily to the inner leaflet. Breakdown in this transmembrane phospholipid asymmetry is a hallmark of the early to middle stages of apoptosis. The consequent appearance of PS on the extracellular membrane leaflet is commonly monitored using dye-labeled Annexin V, a 36 kDa, Ca2+-dependent PS binding protein. Substitutes for Annexin V are described, including small molecules, nanoparticles, cationic liposomes, and other proteins that can recognize PS in a membrane surface. Particular attention is given to the use of these reagents for detecting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Hanshaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Walther Center for Cancer Research, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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20
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Turnay J, Lecona E, Fernández-Lizarbe S, Guzmán-Aránguez A, Fernández M, Olmo N, Lizarbe M. Structure-function relationship in annexin A13, the founder member of the vertebrate family of annexins. Biochem J 2005; 389:899-911. [PMID: 15813707 PMCID: PMC1180741 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A13 is considered the original progenitor of the 11 other members of vertebrate annexins, a superfamily of calcium/phospholipid-binding proteins. It is highly tissue-specific, being expressed only in intestinal and kidney epithelial cells. Alternative splicing generates two isoforms, both of which bind to rafts. In view of the lack of structural information supporting the physiological role of this annexin subfamily, we have cloned, expressed and purified human annexin A13b to investigate its structural and functional properties. The N-terminus of annexin A13b: (i) destabilizes the conserved protein core, as deduced from the low melting temperature in the absence (44 degrees C) or presence of calcium (55 degrees C), and (ii) impairs calcium-dependent binding to acidic phospholipids, requiring calcium concentrations >400 microM. Truncation of the N-terminus restores thermal stability and decreases the calcium requirement for phospholipid binding, confirming its essential role in the structure-function relationship of this annexin. Non-myristoylated annexin A13b only binds to acidic phospholipids at high calcium concentrations. We show for the first time that myristoylation of annexin A13b enables the direct binding to phosphatidylcholine, raft-like liposomes and acidic phospholipids in a calcium-independent manner. The conformational switch induced by calcium binding, from a 'closed' to an 'open' conformation with exposure of Trp227, can be mimicked by a decrease in pH, a process that may be relevant for membrane interactions. Our studies confirm that the common structural and functional characteristics that are dependent on the protein core of vertebrate annexins are likely to be common conserved features, whereas their variable N-termini confer distinct functional properties on annexins, as we report for myristoylation of annexin A13b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Turnay
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Lecona
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Lizarbe
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guzmán-Aránguez
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Fernández
- †Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006-Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nieves Olmo
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Antonia Lizarbe
- *Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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21
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Réty S, Sopková-de Oliveira Santos J, Dreyfuss L, Blondeau K, Hofbauerová K, Raguénès-Nicol C, Kerboeuf D, Renouard M, Russo-Marie F, Lewit-Bentley A. The Crystal Structure of Annexin A8 is Similar to that of Annexin A3. J Mol Biol 2005; 345:1131-9. [PMID: 15644210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 11/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A8 is a relatively infrequent and poorly studied member of this large family of calcium-binding and membrane-binding proteins. It is, however, associated with a specific disease, acute promyelocytic leukemia. We have solved its three-dimensional structure, which includes a moderately long and intact N terminus. The structure is closest to that of annexin A3 and highlights several important regions of inherent flexibility in the annexin molecule. The N terminus resembles that of annexin A3, as it lies along the concave surface of the molecule and inserts partially into the hydrophilic channel in its centre. Since both annexins A3 and A8 are expressed in promyelocytic cells during their differentiation, the similarity in their structures might suggest a functional relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Réty
- LURE, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, BP 34, 91898 Orsay Cedex, France
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22
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Willshaw A, Grant K, Yan J, Rockliffe N, Ambavarapu S, Burdyga G, Varro A, Fukuoka SI, Gawler D. Identification of a novel protein complex containing annexin A4, rabphilin and synaptotagmin. FEBS Lett 2004; 559:13-21. [PMID: 14960300 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Revised: 11/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rabphilin is a synaptic vesicle-associated protein proposed to play a role in regulating neurotransmitter release. Here we report the isolation and identification of a novel protein complex containing rabphilin, annexin A4 and synaptotagmin 1. We show that the rabphilin C2B domain interacts directly with the N-terminus of annexin A4 and mediates the co-complexing of these two proteins in PC12 cells. Analyzing the cellular localisation of these co-complexing proteins we find that annexin A4 is located on synaptic membranes and co-localises with rabphilin at the plasma membrane in PC12 cells. Given that rabphilin and synaptotagmin are synaptic vesicle proteins involved in neurotransmitter release, the identification of this complex suggests that annexin A4 may play a role in synaptic exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Willshaw
- The Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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23
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Hill WG, Kaetzel MA, Kishore BK, Dedman JR, Zeidel ML. Annexin A4 reduces water and proton permeability of model membranes but does not alter aquaporin 2-mediated water transport in isolated endosomes. J Gen Physiol 2003; 121:413-25. [PMID: 12695484 PMCID: PMC2217383 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.200308803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2003] [Revised: 03/14/2003] [Accepted: 03/17/2003] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A4 (Anx4) belongs to a ubiquitous family of Ca2+-dependent membrane-binding proteins thought to be involved in membrane trafficking and membrane organization within cells. Anx4 localizes to the apical region in epithelia; however, its physiological role is unclear. We show that Anx4 exhibited binding to liposomes (phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylserine, 1:1) in the presence of Ca2+ and binding was reversible with EDTA. Anx4 binding resulted in liposome aggregation and a reduction in membrane water permeability of 29% (P < 0.001) at 25 degrees C. These effects were not seen in the presence of Ca2+ or Anx4 alone and were reversible with EDTA. Measurements of membrane fluidity made by monitoring fluorescence anisotropy of 2-(12-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)dodecanoyl-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (NBD-HPC) demonstrated that Anx4 binding rigidified the outer leaflet of the bilayer (P < 0.001), thus providing a molecular explanation for the inhibition of water flux. To determine whether Anx4 would produce similar effects on physiological membranes we constructed liposomes which recapitulated the lipid composition of the inner leaflet of the MDCK apical membrane. These membranes exhibited reductions to water permeability upon Anx4 binding (19.5% at 25 degrees C, 31% at 37 degrees C; P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) and to proton permeability (15% at 25 degrees C, 19.5% at 37 degrees C; P < 0.05). Since our in vitro experiments indicated an effect on membrane permeability, we examined localization of Anx4 in the kidney collecting duct, a region of the nephron responsible for concentrating urine through water reabsorbtion. Anx4 was shown to colocalize apically with aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in collecting duct epithelia. To test for the existence of a functional interaction between Anx4 and AQP2 we isolated AQP2-containing endosomes and exposed them to Anx4/Ca2+. Water flux rates were unchanged, indicating Anx4 does not directly regulate AQP2. We conclude that Anx4 can alter the physical properties of membranes by associating with them and regulate passive membrane permeability to water and protons. These properties represent important new functions for Anx4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren G Hill
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cell Biology, Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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24
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Hofmann A, Huber R. Structural Conservation and Functional Versatility: Allostery as a Common Annexin Feature. ANNEXINS 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9214-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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de Diego I, Schwartz F, Siegfried H, Dauterstedt P, Heeren J, Beisiegel U, Enrich C, Grewal T. Cholesterol modulates the membrane binding and intracellular distribution of annexin 6. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:32187-94. [PMID: 12070178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m205499200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-binding proteins that are widely expressed in mammalian tissues and that bind to different cellular membranes. In recent years its role in membrane traffic has emerged as one of its predominant functions, but the regulation of its intracellular distribution still remains unclear. We demonstrated that annexin 6 translocates to the late endocytic compartment in low density lipoprotein-loaded CHO cells. This prompted us to investigate whether cholesterol, one of the major constituents of low density lipoprotein, could influence the membrane binding affinity and intracellular distribution of annexin 6. Treatment of crude membranes or early and late endosomal fractions with digitonin, a cholesterol-sequestering agent, displayed a strong reduction in the binding affinity of a novel EDTA-resistant and cholesterol-sensitive pool of annexin 6 proteins. In addition, U18666A-induced accumulation of cholesterol in the late endosomal compartment resulted in a significant increase of annexin 6 in these vesicles in vivo. This translocation/recruitment correlates with an increased membrane binding affinity of GST-annexin 6 to late endosomes of U18666A-treated cells in vitro. In conclusion, the present study shows that changes in the intracellular distribution and concentration of cholesterol in different subcellular compartments participate in the reorganization of intracellular pools of Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent annexin 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki de Diego
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 0836 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Montaville P, Neumann JM, Russo-Marie F, Ochsenbein F, Sanson A. A new consensus sequence for phosphatidylserine recognition by annexins. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:24684-93. [PMID: 11948176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109595200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are abundant and ubiquitous proteins that bind, by their four structurally identical domain cores, to phosphatidylserine-containing membranes in the presence of Ca2+. Using molecular simulation and mutagenesis, we have identified a new phosphatidylserine-binding site in annexin V domain 1 and established its structure. The residues involved in this site constitute a consensus sequence highly conserved in all annexins. Remarkably, this consensus sequence is exclusively found in domains 1 or 2, sometimes in both, but never in domains 3 and 4. Such a pattern actually delineates three classes of annexins, shedding new light on the role played by the four-domain core of annexins that could encode specific information discriminating the different annexins that compete within a given cell for membrane binding. Our findings thus provide new strategies for understanding the regulation of the cellular functions of annexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Montaville
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Saclay, Département de Biologie Joliot-Curie, Service de Biophysique des Fonctions Membranaires and URA CNRS 2096, Bât. 532, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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27
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Kaetzel MA, Mo YD, Mealy TR, Campos B, Bergsma-Schutter W, Brisson A, Dedman JR, Seaton BA. Phosphorylation mutants elucidate the mechanism of annexin IV-mediated membrane aggregation. Biochemistry 2001; 40:4192-9. [PMID: 11300800 DOI: 10.1021/bi002507s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Site-directed mutagenesis, electron microscopy, and X-ray crystallography were used to probe the structural basis of annexin IV-induced membrane aggregation and the inhibition of this property by protein kinase C phosphorylation. Site-directed mutants that either mimic (Thr6Asp, T6D) or prevent (Thr6Ala, T6A) phosphorylation of threonine 6 were produced for these studies and compared with wild-type annexin IV. In vitro assays showed that unmodified wild-type annexin IV and the T6A mutant, but not PKC-phosphorylated wild-type or the T6D mutant, promote vesicle aggregation. Electron crystallographic data of wild-type and T6D annexin IV revealed that, similar to annexin V, the annexin IV proteins form 2D trimer-based ordered arrays on phospholipid monolayers. Cryo-electron microscopic images of junctions formed between lipid vesicles in the presence of wild-type annexin IV indicated a separation distance corresponding to the thickness of two layers of membrane-bound annexin IV. In this orientation, a single layer of WT annexin IV, attached to the outer leaflet of one vesicle, would undergo face-to-face self-association with the annexin layer of a second vesicle. The 2.0-A resolution crystal structure of the T6D mutant showed that the mutation causes release of the N-terminal tail from the protein core. This change would preclude the face-to-face annexin self-association required to aggregate vesicles. The data suggest that reversible complex formation through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation could occur in vivo and play a role in the regulation of vesicle trafficking following changes in physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kaetzel
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Ohio 45220, USA
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28
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Sopkova-De Oliveira Santos J, Fischer S, Guilbert C, Lewit-Bentley A, Smith JC. Pathway for large-scale conformational change in annexin V. Biochemistry 2000; 39:14065-74. [PMID: 11087353 DOI: 10.1021/bi000659h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic studies have shown that the binding of calcium to domain III of annexin V is accompanied by a large conformational change involving surface exposure of Trp187. Here we examine this conformational transition using computer simulation. It is found that the burial of Trp187 is accompanied by a large increase in conformational strain, compensated by improved protein-protein interaction energies. A low energy pathway for the conformational change is determined using the conjugate peak refinement method [Fischer, S., and Karplus, M. (1992) Chem. Phys. Lett. 194, 252-261] with solvent effects taken into account using nonuniform charge scaling. The pathway obtained is complex, involving >300 dihedral angle transitions and the complete unwinding of one helix. Acidic residues play a key role in the conformational pathway, via a succession of direct hydrogen bonds with the indole ring of Trp187. This finding is discussed in the light of experimentally determined pH, calcium ion and mutational effects on the conformational transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sopkova-De Oliveira Santos
- Section de Biophysique des Protéines et des Membranes, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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29
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Yoon MK, Park SH, Won HS, Na DS, Lee BJ. Solution structure and membrane-binding property of the N-terminal tail domain of human annexin I. FEBS Lett 2000; 484:241-5. [PMID: 11078886 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The conformational preferences of AnxI(N26), a peptide corresponding to residues 2-26 of human annexin I, were investigated using CD and NMR spectroscopy. CD results showed that AnxI(N26) adopts a mainly alpha-helical conformation in membrane-mimetic environments, TFE/water and SDS micelles, while a predominantly random structure with slight helical propensity in aqueous buffer. The helical region of AnxI(N26) showed a nearly identical conformation between in TFE/water and in SDS micelles, except for the orientation of the Trp-12 side-chain, which was quite different between the two. The N-terminal region of the AnxI(N26) helix showed a typical amphipathic nature, which could be stabilized by the neighboring hydrophobic cluster. The helical stability of the peptide in SDS micelles was increased by addition of calcium ions. These results suggest that the N-terminal tail domain of human annexin I interacts with biological membranes in a partially calcium-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul national University, South Korea
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30
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Cuervo AM, Gomes AV, Barnes JA, Dice JF. Selective degradation of annexins by chaperone-mediated autophagy. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:33329-35. [PMID: 10938088 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005655200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are a family of proteins that bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. Analysis of the sequences of the different members of the annexin family revealed the presence of a pentapeptide biochemically related to KFERQ in some annexins but not in others. Such sequences have been proposed to be a targeting sequence for chaperone-mediated autophagy, a lysosomal pathway of protein degradation that is activated in confluent cells in response to removal of serum growth factors. We demonstrate that annexins II and VI, which contain KFERQ-like sequences, are degraded more rapidly in response to serum withdrawal, while annexins V and XI, without such sequences, are degraded at the same rate in the presence and absence of serum. Using isolated lysosomes, only the annexins containing KFERQ-like sequences are degraded by chaperone mediated-autophagy. Annexins V and XI could associate with lysosomes but did not enter the lysosomes and were not proteolytic substrates. Furthermore, four annexins containing KFERQ-like sequences, annexins I, II, IV, and VI, are enriched in lysosomes with high chaperone-mediated autophagy activity as expected for substrate proteins. These results provide striking evidence for the importance of KFERQ motifs in substrates of chaperone-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cuervo
- Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
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31
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Hasegawa T, Myrzakozha DA, Imae T, Nishijo J, Ozaki Y. Thermal Property of an Octadecyldimethylamine Oxide Multilayer Langmuir−Blodgett Film Studied by an Expanded Model for Quantitative Molecular Orientation Analysis with Infrared Reflection−Absorption Spectrometry. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp992308m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Hasegawa
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyama-kita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya 662-8501, Japan, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - D. A. Myrzakozha
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyama-kita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya 662-8501, Japan, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - T. Imae
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyama-kita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya 662-8501, Japan, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - J. Nishijo
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyama-kita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya 662-8501, Japan, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Y. Ozaki
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyama-kita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya 662-8501, Japan, and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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32
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Abstract
The annexins constitute a family of calcium-dependent membrane binding proteins. Recently, annexin II has been shown to accelerate the activation of the clot-dissolving protease plasmin by complexing with the plasmin precursor plasminogen and with tissue plasminogen activator. Binding of plasminogen to annexin II is inhibited by the atherogenic lipoprotein, lipoprotein(a), while binding of tissue plasminogen activator to annexin II is blocked by the thiol amino acid homocysteine. Formation of the plasminogen/tissue plasminogen activator/annexin II complex may represent a key regulatory mechanism in fibrinolytic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Hajjar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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33
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Sopkova J, Vincent M, Takahashi M, Lewit-Bentley A, Gallay J. Conformational flexibility of domain III of annexin V at membrane/water interfaces. Biochemistry 1999; 38:5447-58. [PMID: 10220332 DOI: 10.1021/bi982760g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conformational dynamics of domain III in annexin V bound to negatively charged phospholipid vesicles of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerophosphoserine or incorporated into reverse micelles of water/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate in isooctane, used to mimic the phospholipid/water interface, was studied by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence of its single tryptophan residue (W187). Upon interaction with sonicated phospholipid vesicles in the presence of calcium, or upon incorporation into reverse micelles without calcium, a progressive 12-14 nm red shift of the fluorescence emission spectrum of W187 is observed. The indole environment becomes therefore more polar than in the unbound protein. Three major lifetime populations describe the fluorescence intensity decays of W187 in both systems. A long-lived excited-state population characterizes the membrane-bound state of the protein. The existence of local conformers with different subnanosecond mobility is suggested by specific association between lifetimes and correlation times both for the protein in buffer and in interaction with the membrane surface. The interaction of the protein with the membrane surface preserves the existence of a rapid unhindered rotational motion, which is coupled with all three lifetimes. The longest lifetime is coupled to restricted motions in subnanosecond and nanosecond time scales. The overall amplitude of rotation of the indole ring is increased in the membrane-bound conformation of the protein. In reverse micelles, the local dynamics reported by W187 is also considerably increased whereas the overall folding of the protein remains unaffected. The same conformational change of domain III can therefore be provoked by different conditions: calcium binding at high concentration, mild acidic pH [Sopkova, J., Vincent, M., Takahashi, M., Lewit-Bentley, A. , and Gallay, J. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 11962-11970] and the interaction of the protein with the membrane surface. The high flexibility of domain III in the membrane-bound protein suggests that this domain may not be crucial for the interaction of the protein with the membrane, in contrast with previous models. Our data are compatible with atomic force microscopy results which suggest that domain III of annexin V does not interact strongly with the membrane surface [Reviakine, I., Bergma-Schutter, W., and Brisson, A. (1998) J. Struct. Biol. 121, 356-361].
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sopkova
- L.U.R.E. Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnétique, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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