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Zhang W, Zhu L, Fang F, Zhang F, Wang R, Yang K, Liu Y, Cui X. Activin A plays an essential role in migration and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells via Smad3 and calcium signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20419. [PMID: 39223291 PMCID: PMC11369249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Activin A and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are involved in tissue repair and fibrosis in liver injury. This study investigated the impact of activin A on HSC activation and migration. A microfluidic D4-chip was used for examining the cell migration of mouse hepatic stellate cell line MHSteC. The analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that activin βA (Inhba), activin receptor type 1A (Acvr1a) and type 2A (Acvr2a) mRNAs were more significantly expressed in human HSCs than in the hepatocytes. Moreover, activin A promoted MHSteC proliferation and induced MHSteC migration. Furthermore, the MHSteCs treated with activin A exhibited increased levels of migration-related proteins, N-cadherin, Vimentin, α-SMA, MMP2 and MMP9, but a decreased level of E-cadherin. Additionally, activin A treatment significantly increased the p-Smad3 levels and p-Smad3/Smad3 ratio in the MHSteCs, and the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 attenuated activin A-induced MHSteC proliferation and migration. Simultaneously, activin A increased the calcium levels in the MHSteCs, and the migratory effects of activin A on MHSteCs were weakened by the intracellular calcium ion-chelating agent BAPTA-AM. These data indicate that activin A can promote MHSteC activation and migration through the canonical Smad3 signaling and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Linjing Zhu
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Runnan Wang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Sun X, Yu Q, Qi Y, Kang B, Zhao X, Liu L, Wang P, Cong M, Liu T. Peridroplet mitochondria are associated with the severity of MASLD and the prevention of MASLD by diethyldithiocarbamate. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100590. [PMID: 38981572 PMCID: PMC11381863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria can contact lipid droplets (LDs) to form peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) which trap fatty acids in LDs by providing ATP for triglyceride synthesis and prevent lipotoxicity. However, the role of PDM in metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is not clear. Here, the features of PDM in dietary MASLD models with different severity in mice were explored. Electron microscope photographs show that LDs and mitochondria rarely come into contact with each other in normal liver. In mice fed with high-fat diet, PDM can be observed in the liver as early as the beginning of steatosis in hepatocytes. For the first time, we show that PDM in mouse liver varies with the severity of MASLD. PDM and cytosolic mitochondria were isolated from the liver tissue of MASLD and analyzed by quantitative proteomics. Compared with cytosolic mitochondria, PDM have enhanced mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) alleviates choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet-induced MASLD, while increases PDM in the liver. Similarly, DDC promotes the contact of mitochondria-LDs in steatotic C3A cells in vitro. Meanwhile, DDC promotes triglyceride synthesis and improves mitochondrial dysfunction in MASLD. In addition, DDC upregulates perilipin 5 both in vivo and in vitro, which is considered as a key regulator in PDM formation. Knockout of perilipin 5 inhibits the contact of mitochondria-LDs induced by DDC in C3A cells. These results demonstrate that PDM might be associated with the progression of MASLD and the prevention of MASLD by DDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bilian Kang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Department of Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, China.
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3
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Diethyldithiocarbamate inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells via PPARα/FABP1 in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:192-199. [PMID: 36535078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the main course of liver fibrosis which is positively correlated with adverse clinical outcomes in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) attenuates NASH related liver fibrosis in mice, but its underlying mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, the data showed that DDC inhibited the activation of HSCs in high fat choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet induced NASH. Double Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the baseline expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is high in HSCs in normal mouse liver and notably decreases in the NASH liver, indicating that PPARα might be associated with the activation of HSCs. While, DDC upregulated PPARα in HSCs in the NASH liver. Mixture of free fatty acid was used to induce steatosis of hepatocytes. Human HSCs (LX-2 cells) were activated after co-cultured with steatotic hepatocytes, and DDC inhibited the activation of LX-2 cells. Meanwhile, DDC upregulated PPARα and FABP1, and promoted the accumulation of LDs in LX-2 cells. PPARα small interfering RNA blocked these effect of DDC. These findings suggest that PPARα is associated with the activation of HSCs in the context of NASH. DDC improves NASH related fibrosis through inhibiting the activation of HSCs via PPARα/FABP1.
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Fangninou FF, Yu Z, Li Z, Guadie A, Li W, Xue L, Yin D. Metastatic effects of environmental carcinogens mediated by MAPK and UPR pathways with an in vivo Drosophila Model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129826. [PMID: 36084456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis includes tumor invasion and migration and underlies over 90% of cancer mortality. The metastatic effects of environmental carcinogens raised serious health concerns. However, the underlying mechanisms remained poorly studied. In the present study, an in vivo RasV12/lgl-/- model of the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, with an 8-day exposure was employed to explore the metastatic effects of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2). At 1.0 mg/L, PCB126, PFOA, and CdCl2 significantly increased tumor invasion rates by 1.32-, 1.33-, and 1.29-fold of the control, respectively. They also decreased the larval body weight and locomotion behavior. Moreover, they commonly disturbed the expression levels of target genes in MAPK and UPR pathways, and their metastatic effects were significantly abolished by the addition of p38 inhibitor (SB203580), JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and IRE1 inhibitor (KIRA6). Notably, the addition of the IRE inhibitor significantly influenced sna/E-cad pathway which is essential in both p38 and JNK regulations. The results demonstrated an essential role of sna/E-cad in connecting the effects of carcinogens on UPR and MAPK regulations and the resultant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangnon Firmin Fangninou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; UNEP Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lei Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Yang XM, Wu Z, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Li D, Nie HZ, Wang YH, Li J, Ma X. Disulfiram inhibits liver fibrosis in rats by suppressing hepatic stellate cell activation and viability. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:54. [PMID: 35864505 PMCID: PMC9306139 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic injury, featuring with excess accumulation of extracellular matrix secreted by the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Disulfiram (DSF), also known as Antabuse, has been used for the treatment of alcohol addiction and substance abuse. Recently, overwhelming studies had revealed anti-cancer effects of DSF in multiple cancers, including liver cancer. But the actual effects of DSF on liver fibrosis and liver function remain unknown. Methods In this study, we evaluated the effects of low-dose DSF in CCl4- and Bile Duct Ligation (BDL)—induced hepatic fibrosis rat models. Cell proliferation was detected by using the Cell-Light™ EdU Apollo®567 Cell Tracking Kit. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using a TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) kit, viability was measured with Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8). Relative mRNA expression of pro-fibrogenic was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. The degree of liver fibrosis, activated HSCs, were separately evaluated through Sirius Red-staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparagine aminotransferase (AST) activities were detected with ALT and AST detecting kits using an automated analyzer. Results Liver fibrosis was distinctly attenuated while liver functions were moderately ameliorated in the DSF-treated group. Activation and proliferation of primary rat HSCs isolated from rat livers were significantly suppressed by low-dose DSF. DSF also inhibited the viability of in vitro cultured rat or human HSC cells dose-dependently but had no repressive role on human immortalized hepatocyte THLE-2 cells. Interestingly, upon DSF treatment, the viability of LX-2 cells co-cultured with THLE-2 was significantly inhibited, while that of THLE-2 co-cultured with LX-2 was increased. Further study indicated that HSCs apoptosis was increased in DSF/CCl4-treated liver samples. These data indicated that DSF has potent anti-fibrosis effects and protective effects toward hepatocytes and could possibly be repurposed as an anti-fibrosis drug in the clinic. Conclusions DSF attenuated ECM remodeling through suppressing the transformation of quiet HSCs into proliferative, fibrogenic myofibroblasts in hepatic fibrosis rat models. DSF provides a novel approach for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Dongchuan Road, NO. 800, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xueyun Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
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Bijnens K, Jaenen V, Wouters A, Leynen N, Pirotte N, Artois T, Smeets K. A Spatiotemporal Characterisation of Redox Molecules in Planarians, with a Focus on the Role of Glutathione during Regeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050714. [PMID: 34064618 PMCID: PMC8150688 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A strict coordination between pro- and antioxidative molecules is needed for normal animal physiology, although their exact function and dynamics during regeneration and development remains largely unknown. Via in vivo imaging, we were able to locate and discriminate between reactive oxygen species (ROS) in real-time during different physiological stages of the highly regenerative planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. All ROS signals were strong enough to overcome the detected autofluorescence. Combined with an in situ characterisation and quantification of the transcription of several antioxidant genes, our data showed that the planarian gut and epidermis have a well-equipped redox system. Pharmacological inhibition or RNA interference of either side of the redox balance resulted in alterations in the regeneration process, characterised by decreased blastema sizes and delayed neurodevelopment, thereby affecting tails more than heads. Focusing on glutathione, a central component in the redox balance, we found that it is highly present in planarians and that a significant reduction in glutathione content led to regenerative failure with tissue lesions, characterised by underlying stem cell alterations. This exploratory study indicates that ROS and antioxidants are tightly intertwined and should be studied as a whole to fully comprehend the function of the redox balance in animal physiology.
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Relationship of ALDH2 rs671 and CYP2E1 rs2031920 with hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility in East Asians: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:21. [PMID: 31987047 PMCID: PMC6986079 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-1796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) are important alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of ALDH2 rs671 and CYP2E1 rs2031920 polymorphisms with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility in East Asians. Methods A systematic search strategy was implemented in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and China Academic Journals databases. Nineteen case-control studies were selected for inclusion. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through random-effects or fixed-effects models. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, cumulative meta-analysis, and evaluation of publication bias were performed. Results The overall meta-analysis did not find a significant association of ALDH2 rs671 and CYP2E1 rs2031920 genotypes with HCC susceptibility in East Asians. In addition, stratified analysis by country, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium status, and source of controls also did not identify any association. Conclusion The ALDH2 rs671 and CYP2E1 rs2031920 polymorphisms are not associated with HCC susceptibility in East Asians.
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Liu T, Wang P, Cong M, Zhao X, Zhang D, Xu H, Liu L, Jia J, You H. Diethyldithiocarbamate, an anti-abuse drug, alleviates steatohepatitis and fibrosis in rodents through modulating lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4480-4495. [PMID: 30266038 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) is a major metabolite of disulfiram that is a potential drug for alcoholism treatment. In the present study, we attempted to explore the possible effect of DDC on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related fibrosis in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 mice and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats received a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet to establish the model of NAFLD with or without DDC treatment. The livers and serum were assessed for histological changes and parameters related to lipid metabolism, liver injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Apoptosis and macrophage related markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). KEY RESULTS DDC significantly reduced hepatic steatosis in rats with NAFLD, induced by the MCD diet. DDC reduced the oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related parameters in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, induced by the MCD diet. IHC for Bax and cleaved caspase-3 showed that DDC inhibited the apoptosis of hepatocytes in the liver. DDC significantly reduced ballooning and Mallory-Denk bodies (MDB) in hepatocytes, accompanied by suppression of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and MDB formation-related genes. DDC significantly alleviated hepatic inflammation, accompanied by suppression of inflammation-related genes. DDC suppressed the infiltration of macrophages, particularly inducible NOS-positive pro-inflammatory macrophages. In addition, DDC significantly alleviated liver fibrosis. Microarray analyses showed that DDC strongly affected lipid metabolism and oxidative stress-related processes and pathways. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DDC improves hepatic steatosis, ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis in rodent models of NAFLD through modulating lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Disease, Beijing, China
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Son B, Kwon T, Lee S, Han I, Kim W, Youn H, Youn B. CYP2E1 regulates the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis via ER stress- and ROS-dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L916-L929. [PMID: 28798253 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00144.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is one of the most common side effects of lung cancer radiotherapy. This study was conducted to identify the molecular mechanism responsible for RIPF. We revealed that the transcriptional level of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was elevated by examining expression profile analysis of RIPF mouse models. We also confirmed that CYP2E1 regulated levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells and lung fibroblasts. Inhibition of CYP2E1 via its siRNA or inhibitor significantly attenuated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of AE2 cells, as well as myofibroblast formation induced by radiation. Finally, the effects of a CYP2E1 inhibitor on development of RIPF were evaluated by in vivo studies. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that CYP2E1 is an important mediator of RIPF development that functions by increasing cellular ER stress and ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Son
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeWoo Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - IkJoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Integrative Graduate Program of Ship and Offshore Plant Technology for Ocean Energy Resource, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; and
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Matrix metalloproteinase-1 induction by diethyldithiocarbamate is regulated via Akt and ERK/miR222/ETS-1 pathways in hepatic stellate cells. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160111. [PMID: 27412967 PMCID: PMC4995499 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) plays an important role in fibrolysis by degrading excessively deposited collagen I and III. We previously demonstrated that diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) up-regulates MMP-1 in hepatic stellate cells via the ERK1/2 and Akt signalling pathways. In the current study, we attempted to further explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of MMP-1. We treated a co-cultured system that included hepatocytes (C3A) and hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) with DDC. The data revealed that the transcriptional factor ETS-1, which is an important regulator of MMP-1, was up-regulated in LX-2 cells following DDC treatment. Furthermore, the up-regulation of MMP-1 by DDC has been abrogated through employing si-ETS-1 to block expression of ETS-1. We found that DDC significantly inhibited the expression of miR-222 in LX-2 cells. We transfected miR-222 mimic into LX-2 cells and then co-cultured the cells with C3A. The up-regulation of ETS-1 and MMP-1 in LX-2 cells treated with DDC were inhibited after miR-222 mimic transfection. These data indicate that DDC up-regulated MMP-1 in LX-2 cells through the miR-222/ETS-1 pathway. Finally, we treated the co-cultured system with an Akt inhibitor (T3830) and an ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126). Both T3830 and U0126 blocked the suppression of miR-222 by DDC in LX-2. Collectively, these data indicate that DDC up-regulated MMP-1 in LX-2 cells through the Akt and ERK/miR-222/ETS-1 pathways. Our study provides experimental data that will aid the control of the process of fibrolysis in liver fibrosis prevention and treatment.
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11
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Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Protein Triggers Oxidative Stress by Inducing NADPH Oxidases 1 and 4 and Cytochrome P450 2E1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8341937. [PMID: 27200149 PMCID: PMC4855014 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8341937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with the induction of oxidative stress, which is thought to play a major role in various liver pathologies associated with chronic hepatitis C. NS5A protein of the virus is one of the two key viral proteins that are known to trigger production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To date it has been considered that NS5A induces oxidative stress by altering calcium homeostasis. Herein we show that NS5A-induced oxidative stress was only moderately inhibited by the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM and not at all inhibited by the drug that blocks the Ca(2+) flux from ER to mitochondria. Furthermore, ROS production was not accompanied by induction of ER oxidoreductins (Ero1), H2O2-producing enzymes that are implicated in the regulation of calcium fluxes. Instead, we found that NS5A contributes to ROS production by activating expression of NADPH oxidases 1 and 4 as well as cytochrome P450 2E1. These effects were mediated by domain I of NS5A protein. NOX1 and NOX4 induction was mediated by enhanced production of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Thus, our data show that NS5A protein induces oxidative stress by several multistep mechanisms.
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Ivanov AV, Smirnova OA, Petrushanko IY, Ivanova ON, Karpenko IL, Alekseeva E, Sominskaya I, Makarov AA, Bartosch B, Kochetkov SN, Isaguliants MG. HCV core protein uses multiple mechanisms to induce oxidative stress in human hepatoma Huh7 cells. Viruses 2015; 7:2745-70. [PMID: 26035647 PMCID: PMC4488712 DOI: 10.3390/v7062745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is accompanied by the induction of oxidative stress, mediated by several virus proteins, the most prominent being the nucleocapsid protein (HCV core). Here, using the truncated forms of HCV core, we have delineated several mechanisms by which it induces the oxidative stress. The N-terminal 36 amino acids of HCV core induced TGF\(\upbeta\)1-dependent expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases 1 and 4, both of which independently contributed to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The same fragment also induced the expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2, which, however, made no input into ROS production. Amino acids 37-191 of HCV core up-regulated the transcription of a ROS generating enzyme cytochrome P450 2E1. Furthermore, the same fragment induced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1\(\upalpha\). The latter triggered efflux of Ca2+ from ER to mitochondria via mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, leading to generation of superoxide anions, and possibly also H2O2. Suppression of any of these pathways in cells expressing the full-length core protein led to a partial inhibition of ROS production. Thus, HCV core causes oxidative stress via several independent pathways, each mediated by a distinct region of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Olga A Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Irina Y Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Olga N Ivanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Inna L Karpenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Alekseeva
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites 1, Riga LV1067, Latvia.
| | - Irina Sominskaya
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Ratsupites 1, Riga LV1067, Latvia.
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University of Lyon, 151, Cours A Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex, Lyon, France.
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex), Lyon F-69000, France.
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Maria G Isaguliants
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya str. 16, Moscow 123098, Russia.
- Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Ratsupites 5, Riga LV-1069, Latvia.
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsvägen 16, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
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Guan PP, Guo JW, Yu X, Wang Y, Wang T, Konstantopoulos K, Wang ZY, Wang P. The role of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β and fibroblast growth factor-2 in the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in sheared-chondrocytes and articular cartilage. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10412. [PMID: 25992485 PMCID: PMC4438667 DOI: 10.1038/srep10412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MMP-1 expression is detected in fluid shear stress (20 dyn/cm2)-activated and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes, however, the precise mechanisms underlying shear-induced MMP-1 synthesis remain unknown. Using primary chondrocytes and T/C-28a2 chondrocytic cells as model systems, we report that prolonged application of high fluid shear to human chondrocytes induced the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), which led to a marked increase in MMP-1 expression. IL-1β, COX-2-dependent PGE2 activated the PI3-K/AKT and p38 signaling pathways, which were in turn responsible for MMP-1 synthesis via NF-κB- and c-Jun-transactivating pathways. Prolonged shear stress exposure (>12 h) induced 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) synthesis. Although 15d-PGJ2 suppressed PI3-K/AKT and p38 signaling pathways, it stimulated MMP-1 expression via activating heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). The critical role of COX-2 in regulating MMP-1 expression in articular cartilage in vivo was demonstrated using COX-2+/− transgenic mice in the absence or presence of rofecoxib oral administration. These findings provide novel insights for developing therapeutic strategies to combat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Jing-Wen Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- 1] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering [2] Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology [3] Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center [4] Center of Cancer Nanotechonology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 21218
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
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Zhang YF, Wang F, Li FH, Sun YF, Zhang Y, Guo PR, He LL, Zhu YN. Influence of Biejiajian pill on PDGF and Ras signaling pathways in hepatic fibrosis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4060-4067. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i27.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the anti-fibrotic mechanism of Biejiajian pill, a traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation and eliminating stasis, in rats with hepatic fibrosis.
METHODS: Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of CCl4. SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: a control group, a model group, low-, medium- and high-dose Biejiajian pill treatment groups. The three treatment groups were given Biejiajian pill 0.55, 1.10, and 2.20 g/(kg•d), respectively, while the normal control group and model group were treated with equal volume of normal saline by gavage. At the 11th week, hepatic pathological changes were observed. The immunohistochemical technique was applied to analyze the expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) in hepatic tissue. RT-PCR was applied to analyze the expression of platelet derivative growth factor (PDGF) and Ras mRNAs in hepatic tissue.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression levels of ERK1 protein and PDGF and Ras mRNAs increased significantly in the model group (0.19 ± 0.001 vs 0.71 ± 0.018, 0.12 ± 0.000 vs 0.42 ± 0.006, 0.12 ± 0.000 vs 0.44 ± 0.017, P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, Biejiajian pill significantly improved hepatic pathological changes and decreased the expression of ERK1 protein and PDGF and Ras mRNAs, and the efficacy of high-dose Biejiajian pill was the best.
CONCLUSION: Biejiajian pill can improve hepatic pathological changes in rats with hepatic fibrosis possibly via mechanisms associated with activating the Ras/ERK signaling pathway.
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Elpek G&O. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis: An update. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7260-7276. [PMID: 24966597 PMCID: PMC4064072 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been considerable recent advances towards a better understanding of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying liver fibrogenesis. Recent data indicate that the termination of fibrogenic processes and the restoration of deficient fibrolytic pathways may allow the reversal of advanced fibrosis and even cirrhosis. Therefore, efforts have been made to better clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in liver fibrosis. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remains a central event in fibrosis, complemented by other sources of matrix-producing cells, including portal fibroblasts, fibrocytes and bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts. These cells converge in a complex interaction with neighboring cells to provoke scarring in response to persistent injury. Defining the interaction of different cell types, revealing the effects of cytokines on these cells and characterizing the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in activated HSCs will enable the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Moreover, the characterization of different pathways associated with different etiologies aid in the development of disease-specific therapies. This article outlines recent advances regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis that may be translated into future therapies. The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis associated with alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and viral hepatitis are also discussed to emphasize the various mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis.
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