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Xu F, Wei Z, Ye X. Immunomodulatory effects of microwave ablation on malignant tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2714-2730. [PMID: 39005685 PMCID: PMC11236778 DOI: 10.62347/qjid8425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA) is an important treatment modality for interventional oncology. It is widely used for the treatment of solid tumors, such as liver, lung, breast, kidney, and thyroid cancers. IGTA include radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation (MWA), cryoablation, and laser ablation. Compared with other energy sources, MWA has the advantage of a large ablative volume, short ablative time, and a low heat sink effect. MWA can also induce antitumor immunity; however, only a minority of patients derive a clinical benefit from it. Based on these data, the combination of MWA and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising new direction for cancer treatment. This review article focuses on current research on the combination of MWA and immunotherapy. The status of immune activation and related studies involving MWA for the treatment of various malignant tumors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkuo Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer InstituteJinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer InstituteJinan 250014, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer InstituteJinan 250014, Shandong, China
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2
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Quadros-Mennella PS, Lucin KM, White RE. What can the common fruit fly teach us about stroke?: lessons learned from the hypoxic tolerant Drosophila melanogaster. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1347980. [PMID: 38584778 PMCID: PMC10995290 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1347980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, resulting in hypoxia and glucose deprivation, is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Presently, there are no treatments that reduce neuronal damage and preserve function aside from tissue plasminogen activator administration and rehabilitation therapy. Interestingly, Drosophila melanogaster, the common fruit fly, demonstrates robust hypoxic tolerance, characterized by minimal effects on survival and motor function following systemic hypoxia. Due to its organized brain, conserved neurotransmitter systems, and genetic similarity to humans and other mammals, uncovering the mechanisms of Drosophila's tolerance could be a promising approach for the development of new therapeutics. Interestingly, a key facet of hypoxic tolerance in Drosophila is organism-wide metabolic suppression, a response involving multiple genes and pathways. Specifically, studies have demonstrated that pathways associated with oxidative stress, insulin, hypoxia-inducible factors, NFκB, Wnt, Hippo, and Notch, all potentially contribute to Drosophila hypoxic tolerance. While manipulating the oxidative stress response and insulin signaling pathway has similar outcomes in Drosophila hypoxia and the mammalian middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemia, effects of Notch pathway manipulation differ between Drosophila and mammals. Additional research is warranted to further explore how other pathways implicated in hypoxic tolerance in Drosophila, such as NFκB, and Hippo, may be utilized to benefit mammalian response to ischemia. Together, these studies demonstrate that exploration of the hypoxic response in Drosophila may lead to new avenues of research for stroke treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt M. Lucin
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, United States
| | - Robin E. White
- Department of Biology, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA, United States
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3
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Ko HJ, Jang HA, Park KB, Kim CE, Patnaik BB, Lee YS, Han YS, Jo YH. IKKβ regulates antimicrobial innate immune responses in the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104761. [PMID: 37331676 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Toll and IMD pathways regulate antimicrobial innate immune responses in insect model systems. The transcriptional activation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) confers humoral immunity in the host against invaded pathogens. The IKK kinase complex (IKKα, IKKβ, and the regulatory subunit IKKγ/NEMO) centrally regulates the NF-κB response to various stimuli. It triggers an appropriate antimicrobial immune response in the host. In this study, a TmIKKβ (or TmIrd5) homolog was screened from the RNA-seq database of the coleopteran beetle, Tenebrio molitor. A single exon characterizes the TmIKKβ gene, and the open reading frame (ORF) comprises of 2112 bp that putatively encodes a polypeptide of 703 amino acid residues. TmIKKβ contains a serine/threonine kinase domain and is phylogenetically close to Tribolium castaneum IKKβ homolog (TcIKKβ). TmIKKβ transcripts were highly expressed in the early pupal (P1) and adult (A5) stages. Among the tissues, TmIKKβ showed higher expression in the integument of the last instar larvae and the fat body and hemocytes of 5-day-old adults. TmIKKβ mRNA was upregulated post-E. coli challenge to the host. Moreover, RNAi-based TmIKKβ mRNA silencing increased host larvae' susceptibility against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. TmIKKβ RNAi in the fat body led to a downregulation in mRNA expression of ten out of fourteen AMP genes, including TmTenecin1, -2, and -4; TmDefensin, and -like; TmColeoptericinA, and -B; and TmAttacin1a, -1b, and -2, suggesting the requirement of the gene in antimicrobial innate immune responses. Further, a decrease in the mRNA expression of NF-κB factors such as TmRelish, TmDorsal1, and TmDorsal2 in the fat body of T. molitor larvae was observed post-microorganisms challenge. Thus, TmIKKβ regulates antimicrobial innate immune responses in T. molitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Ko
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Am Jang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Beom Park
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Kim
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea; P.G Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Nuapadhi, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea; Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Z, Guo Y, Zhuang M, Liu F, Xia Z, Zhang Z, Yang F, Zeng H, Wu Y, Huang J, Li J. Potential role of the gut microbiota of bumblebee Bombus pyrosoma in adaptation to high-altitude habitats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218560. [PMID: 37601385 PMCID: PMC10433375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota affects the health and overall fitness of bumblebees. It can enhance the host's ecological range by leveraging their metabolic capacities. However, the diversity of the gut microbiota and adaptive functional evolution in high-altitude regions remain unclear. To explore how the gut microbiota helps the host adapt to high-altitude environments, we analyzed the differences in diversity and function of the gut microbiota between high- and low-altitude regions through full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results show that high-altitude regions have a lower abundance of Fructobacillus and Saccharibacter compared to low-altitude regions. Additionally, some individuals in low-altitude regions were invaded by opportunistic pathogens. The gut microbiota in high-altitude regions has a greater number of pathways involved in "Protein digestion and absorption" and "Biosynthesis of amino acids," while fewer carbohydrate pathways are involved in "digestion and absorption" and "Salmonella infection." Our finding suggests that plateau hosts typically reduce energy metabolism and enhance immunity in response to adverse environments. Correspondingly, the gut microbiota also makes changes, such as reducing carbohydrate degradation and increasing protein utilization in response to the host. Additionally, the gut microbiota regulates their abundance and function to help the host adapt to adverse high-altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Suosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fugang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Huayan Zeng
- Luoping Yunling Bee Industry and Trade Co., Ltd., Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Yueguo Wu
- Luoping Yunling Bee Industry and Trade Co., Ltd., Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jilian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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Ding K, Barretto EC, Johnston M, Lee B, Gallo M, Grewal SS. Transcriptome analysis of FOXO-dependent hypoxia gene expression identifies Hipk as a regulator of low oxygen tolerance in Drosophila. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:6749561. [PMID: 36200850 PMCID: PMC9713431 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
When exposed to low oxygen or hypoxia, animals must alter their metabolism and physiology to ensure proper cell-, tissue-, and whole-body level adaptations to their hypoxic environment. These alterations often involve changes in gene expression. While extensive work has emphasized the importance of the HIF-1 alpha transcription factor on controlling hypoxia gene expression, less is known about other transcriptional mechanisms. We previously identified the transcription factor FOXO as a regulator of hypoxia tolerance in Drosophila larvae and adults. Here, we use an RNA-sequencing approach to identify FOXO-dependent changes in gene expression that are associated with these tolerance effects. We found that hypoxia altered the expression of over 2,000 genes and that ∼40% of these gene expression changes required FOXO. We discovered that hypoxia exposure led to a FOXO-dependent increase in genes involved in cell signaling, such as kinases, GTPase regulators, and regulators of the Hippo/Yorkie pathway. Among these, we identified homeodomain-interacting protein kinase as being required for hypoxia survival. We also found that hypoxia suppresses the expression of genes involved in ribosome synthesis and egg production, and we showed that hypoxia suppresses tRNA synthesis and mRNA translation and reduces female fecundity. Among the downregulated genes, we discovered that FOXO was required for the suppression of many ribosomal protein genes and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, pointing to a role for FOXO in limiting energetically costly processes such as protein synthesis and mitochondrial activity upon hypoxic stress. This work uncovers a widespread role for FOXO in mediating hypoxia changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Ding
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Barretto
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael Johnston
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Byoungchun Lee
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Savraj S Grewal
- Clark H. Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Aalto A, Martínez‐Chacón G, Kietz C, Tsyganova N, Kreutzer J, Kallio P, Broemer M, Meinander A. M1-linked ubiquitination facilitates NF-κB activation and survival during sterile inflammation. FEBS J 2022; 289:5180-5197. [PMID: 35263507 PMCID: PMC9543601 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methionine 1 (M1)-linked ubiquitination plays a key role in the regulation of inflammatory nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling and is important for clearance of pathogen infection in Drosophila melanogaster. M1-linked ubiquitin (M1-Ub) chains are assembled by the linear ubiquitin E3 ligase (LUBEL) in flies. Here, we have studied the role of LUBEL in sterile inflammation induced by different types of cellular stresses. We have found that the LUBEL catalyses formation of M1-Ub chains in response to hypoxic, oxidative and mechanical stress conditions. LUBEL is shown to be important for flies to survive low oxygen conditions and paraquat-induced oxidative stress. This protective action seems to be driven by stress-induced activation of the NF-κB transcription factor Relish via the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway. In addition to LUBEL, the intracellular mediators of Relish activation, including the transforming growth factor activating kinase 1 (Tak1), Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) Diap2, the IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) Kenny and the initiator caspase Death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (Dredd), but not the membrane receptor peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LC, are shown to be required for sterile inflammatory response and survival. Finally, we showed that the stress-induced upregulation of M1-Ub chains in response to hypoxia, oxidative and mechanical stress is also induced in mammalian cells and protects from stress-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that M1-Ub chains are important for NF-κB signalling in inflammation induced by stress conditions often observed in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aalto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell BiologyÅbo Akademi University, BioCityTurkuFinland
| | | | - Christa Kietz
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell BiologyÅbo Akademi University, BioCityTurkuFinland
| | - Nadezhda Tsyganova
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell BiologyÅbo Akademi University, BioCityTurkuFinland
| | - Joose Kreutzer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyBioMediTechTampere UniversityFinland
| | - Pasi Kallio
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyBioMediTechTampere UniversityFinland
| | - Meike Broemer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Annika Meinander
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell BiologyÅbo Akademi University, BioCityTurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterÅbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
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Xie N, Fan F, Jiang S, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Cairang N, Wang X, Meng X. Rhodiola crenulate alleviates hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injury via adjusting NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated inflammation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154240. [PMID: 35691080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodiola crenulate (R. crenulate), a famous Tibetan medicine, has been demonstrated to possess superiorly protective effects in high-altitude hypoxic brain injury (HHBI). However, its mechanisms on HHBI are still largely unknown. METHODS Herein, the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of R. crenulate on HHBI of BABL/c mice were explored through in vivo experiments. The mice model of HHBI was established using an animal hypobaric and hypoxic chamber. R. crenulate extract (RCE) (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) was given by gavage for 7 days. Pathological changes and neuronal viability of mice hippocampus and cortex were evaluated using H&E and Nissl staining, respectively. The brain water content (BWC) in mice was determined by calculating the ratio of dry to wet weight of brain tissue. And serum of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH-Px) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected via commercial biochemical kits. Synchronously, the contents of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), lactic acid (LA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPcase, Na+-K+-ATPcase, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in brain tissue were quantitative analysis by corresponding ELISA assay. Subsequently, NLRP3, ZO-1, claudin-5, occluding, p-p65, p65, ASC, cleaved-caspase-1, caspase-1 and IL-18 were determined by immunofluorescent and western blot analyses. RESULTS The results demonstrated that RCE remarkably alleviated pathological damage, BWC, as well enhanced neuronal viability. Furthermore, the oxidative stress injuries were reversely abrogated after RCE treatment, evidenced by the increases of SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC, while the decreases of MDA and LDH contents. Marvelously, the administration of RCE rectified and balanced the abnormal energy metabolism via elevating the levels of ATP, SDH, PK, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPcase and Na+-K+-ATPcase, and lowering LA. Simultaneously, the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-5 and occludin) was enhanced, illustrating RCE treatment might maintain the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, RCE treatment confined the contents of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, and attenuated fluorescent signal of NLRP3 protein. Concurrently, the results of western blot indicated that RCE treatment dramatically restrained p-p65/p65, ASC, NLRP3, cleaved-caspase-1/caspase-1 and IL-18 protein expressions in brain tissues of mice. CONCLUSION RCE may afford a protectively intervention in HHBI of mice through suppressing the oxidative stress, improving energy metabolism and the integrity of BBB, and subsiding inflammatory responses via the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. As a promising agent for the treatment of mice HHBI, the deep-crossing molecular mechanisms of R. crenulate still needs to be further elucidated to identify novel core hub targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- School of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ya Hou
- School of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | | | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Dual oxidase enables insect gut symbiosis by mediating respiratory network formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020922118. [PMID: 33649233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020922118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most animals harbor a gut microbiota that consists of potentially pathogenic, commensal, and mutualistic microorganisms. Dual oxidase (Duox) is a well described enzyme involved in gut mucosal immunity by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that antagonizes pathogenic bacteria and maintains gut homeostasis in insects. However, despite its nonspecific harmful activity on microorganisms, little is known about the role of Duox in the maintenance of mutualistic gut symbionts. Here we show that, in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris, Duox-dependent ROS did not directly contribute to epithelial immunity in the midgut in response to its mutualistic gut symbiont, Burkholderia insecticola Instead, we found that the expression of Duox is tracheae-specific and its down-regulation by RNAi results in the loss of dityrosine cross-links in the tracheal protein matrix and a collapse of the respiratory system. We further demonstrated that the establishment of symbiosis is a strong oxygen sink triggering the formation of an extensive network of tracheae enveloping the midgut symbiotic organ as well as other organs, and that tracheal breakdown by Duox RNAi provokes a disruption of the gut symbiosis. Down-regulation of the hypoxia-responsive transcription factor Sima or the regulators of tracheae formation Trachealess and Branchless produces similar phenotypes. Thus, in addition to known roles in immunity and in the formation of dityrosine networks in diverse extracellular matrices, Duox is also a crucial enzyme for tracheal integrity, which is crucial to sustain mutualistic symbionts and gut homeostasis. We expect that this is a conserved function in insects.
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Druker J, Wilson JW, Child F, Shakir D, Fasanya T, Rocha S. Role of Hypoxia in the Control of the Cell Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094874. [PMID: 34062959 PMCID: PMC8124716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is an important cellular process whereby the cell attempts to replicate its genome in an error-free manner. As such, mechanisms must exist for the cell cycle to respond to stress signals such as those elicited by hypoxia or reduced oxygen availability. This review focuses on the role of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms initiated in hypoxia that interface with cell cycle control. In addition, we discuss how the cell cycle can alter the hypoxia response. Overall, the cellular response to hypoxia and the cell cycle are linked through a variety of mechanisms, allowing cells to respond to hypoxia in a manner that ensures survival and minimal errors throughout cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Druker
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - James W. Wilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.W.W.); (F.C.); (D.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Fraser Child
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.W.W.); (F.C.); (D.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Dilem Shakir
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.W.W.); (F.C.); (D.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Temitope Fasanya
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.W.W.); (F.C.); (D.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.W.W.); (F.C.); (D.S.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)151-794-9084
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Chen X, Jiang S, Zhou Z, Xu X, Ying S, Du L, Qiu K, Xu Y, Wu J, Wang X. Increased expression of interleukin-21-inducible genes in minor salivary glands are associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome disease characteristics. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 60:2979-2989. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To determine the upregulation of IL-21-inducible genes in minor salivary glands (MSGs) in 28 primary SS (pSS) patients and 12 non-pSS subjects and correlate it with disease characteristics.
Methods
RNA sequencing was utilized to compare IL-21-inducible genes expression in the MSGs between pSS and non-pSS subjects. The subgroups were characterized according to the IL-21 score calculated by seven IL-21-inducible genes. Furthermore, the disease characteristics and transcripts implicated in hypoxia and interferon signalling were assessed in two pSS subgroups.
Results
We observed that the expression of the IL-21-inducible genes (IL-21, IL-21R, JAK3, STAT1, HLA-B, CCR7 and CXCL10), the so-called IL-21 signature genes, was significantly increased in pSS patients. The upregulation of JAK3 expression may be induced by hypomethylation of the JAK3 promoter in pSS patients and putatively associated with POU2F2. The patients with increased IL-21 signature gene expression showed an increased EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index score and increased enrichment of B cells, memory B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the IL-21 scores in the anti-SSA+, SSB+, ANA+ and high IgG samples were higher than those in the respective antibody-negative samples and normal IgG. In addition, we found both hypoxia and IFN-relevant genes showed strong correlation with IL-21 signature gene expression, indicating their interaction in pSS.
Conclusion
IL-21 signature gene was associated with typical disease characteristics in pSS, which provides insight into the contribution of the IL-21 signalling pathway to the pathogenesis of the disease and might provide a novel treatment strategy for this subtype of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Senhong Ying
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Du
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kairui Qiu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yesha Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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11
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De Novo Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Ecological Adaptation of High-Altitude Bombus pyrosoma. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090631. [PMID: 32937786 PMCID: PMC7563474 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bombus pyrosoma is one of the most abundant bumblebee species in China, with a distribution range of very varied geomorphology and vegetation, which makes it an ideal pollinator species for research into high-altitude adaptation. Here, we sequenced and assembled transcriptomes of B. pyrosoma from the low-altitude North China Plain and the high-altitude Tibet Plateau. Subsequent comparative analysis of de novo transcriptomes from the high- and low-altitude groups identified 675 common upregulated genes (DEGs) in the high-altitude B. pyrosoma. These genes were enriched in metabolic pathways and corresponded to enzyme activities involved in energy metabolism. Furthermore, according to joint analysis with comparative metabolomics, we suggest that the metabolism of coenzyme A (CoA) and the metabolism and transport of energy resources contribute to the adaptation of high-altitude B. pyrosoma. Meanwhile, we found many common upregulated genes enriched in the Toll and immune deficiency (Imd)signaling pathways that act as important immune defenses in insects, and hypoxia and cold temperatures could induce the upregulation of immune genes in insects. Therefore, we suppose that the Toll and Imd signaling pathways also participated in the high-altitude adaptation of B. pyrosoma. Like other organisms, we suggest that the high-altitude adaptation of B. pyrosoma is controlled by diverse mechanisms.
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12
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Papakyrikos AM, Kim MJ, Wang X. Drosophila PTPMT1 Has a Function in Tracheal Air Filling. iScience 2020; 23:101285. [PMID: 32629421 PMCID: PMC7334580 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The fly trachea is the equivalent of the mammalian lung and is a useful model for human respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying tracheal air filling during larval development. In this study, we discover that PTPMT1 has a function in tracheal air filling. PTPMT1 is a widely conserved, ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial phosphatase. To reveal PTPMT1's functions in genetically tractable invertebrates and whether those functions are tissue specific, we generate a Drosophila model of PTPMT1 depletion. We find that fly PTPMT1 mutants show impairments in tracheal air filling and subsequent activation of innate immune responses. On a cellular level, these defects are preceded by aggregation of mitochondria within the tracheal epithelial cells. Our work demonstrates a cell-type-specific role for PTPMT1 in fly tracheal epithelial cells to support air filling and to prevent immune activation. The establishment of this model will facilitate exploration of PTPMT1's physiological functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Papakyrikos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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13
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Tolerance to Hypoxia Is Promoted by FOXO Regulation of the Innate Immunity Transcription Factor NF-κB/Relish in Drosophila. Genetics 2020; 215:1013-1025. [PMID: 32513813 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of tissues and organs to low oxygen (hypoxia) occurs in both physiological and pathological conditions in animals. Under these conditions, organisms have to adapt their physiology to ensure proper functioning and survival. Here, we define a role for the transcription factor Forkhead Box-O (FOXO) as a mediator of hypoxia tolerance in Drosophila We find that upon hypoxia exposure, FOXO transcriptional activity is rapidly induced in both larvae and adults. Moreover, we see that foxo mutant animals show misregulated glucose metabolism in low oxygen and subsequently exhibit reduced hypoxia survival. We identify the innate immune transcription factor, NF-κB/Relish, as a key FOXO target in the control of hypoxia tolerance. We find that expression of Relish and its target genes is increased in a FOXO-dependent manner in hypoxia, and that relish mutant animals show reduced survival in hypoxia. Together, these data indicate that FOXO is a hypoxia-inducible factor that mediates tolerance to low oxygen by inducing immune-like responses.
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14
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Acute remote ischemic preconditioning alleviates free radical injury and inflammatory response in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1953-1960. [PMID: 31410157 PMCID: PMC6676222 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) is an effective strategy to defend against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury; however, its mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of IPreC on brain tissue following cerebral ischemia, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with IPreC for 72 h prior to the induction of transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The results demonstrated that IPreC reduced the area of cerebral infarction in the IR rats by 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining. In addition, cell apoptosis was markedly suppressed by IPreC with an increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associatd X protein using Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and western blot analysis. IR induced a decrease in the level of superoxide dismutase, and IPreC significantly suppressed increased levels of malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase and nitric oxide. The expression of CD11b and CD18 was markedly inhibited by IpreC unsing flow cytometry. Furthermore, IPreC markedly decreased the release of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and enhanced the level of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist) by ELISA assay. Finally, IPreC reduced the levels of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1, phosphorylated-P65/P65, and tumor necrosis factor-α, indicating that the nuclear factor-κB pathway was involved in IPreC-mediated protection against cerebral ischemia. Taken together, the results suggested that IPreC decreased ischemic brain injury through alleviating free radical injury and the inflammatory response in cerebral IR rats.
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15
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Liu F, Zhang S, Yin M, Guo L, Xu M, Wang Y. Nobiletin inhibits hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2039-2046. [PMID: 30203502 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a universal characteristic of solid tumor and involving cancer metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nobiletin (3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone), a dietary polymethoxylated flavonoid found in citrus fruits, has been reported to have anticancer effects. However, the possible role of nobiletin in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the effect of nobiletin on hypoxia-induced EMT in RCC cells. We found that nobiletin significantly inhibited the migration and invasion induced by hypoxia in RCC cells. In addition, nobiletin reversed the hypoxia-induced EMT process in RCC cells. Furthermore, nobiletin suppressed the activation of NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in hypoxia-stimulated RCC cells. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that nobiletin inhibits hypoxia-induced EMT in human RCC cells via the inactivation of the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingzhu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Rao Z, Cao L, Qiu X, Han R. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular strategies of ghost moth Thitarodes armoricanus in response to hypoxia and anoxia. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 112:23-34. [PMID: 30399366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia or anoxia greatly impact the survival of many animal species. The ghost moth Thitarodes armoricanus is distributed in the Tibetan Plateau at an average elevation of approximate 4 km above sea level and has probably evolved a superior capacity to tolerate low oxygen levels. In this study, transcriptome analysis using high-throughput RNA-seq revealed common and different adaptation strategies of T. armoricanus in response to hypoxia (11% O2) or anoxia. T. armoricanus adopted three common strategies for adaptation to hypoxia or anoxia: Up-regulated signal transduction pathways essential for cellular survival, strengthened cell and organelle structure and activity, and activated immune system. Under hypoxia, T. armoricanus might develop a strategy to adapt to hypoxia by suppressing TCA, oxidative phosphorylation pathways, and hypoxanthine catabolism. T. armoricanus larvae kept active under hypoxia but became coma under anoxia, probably relating to up-regulated or suppressed dopamine synthesis pathway. Furthermore, the HIF system seemed not to be essential for regulating the hypoxic and anoxic responses of this insect in Tibetan Plateau. This study provides a global view of gene expression profiles and suggests common and different adaptation strategies of T. armoricanus under hypoxic and anoxic conditions. The results are helpful for understanding the mechanism responsible for the low oxygen level tolerance of this insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchen Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Richou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Biddlestone J, Batie M, Bandarra D, Munoz I, Rocha S. SINHCAF/FAM60A and SIN3A specifically repress HIF-2α expression. Biochem J 2018; 475:2073-2090. [PMID: 29784889 PMCID: PMC6024822 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The SIN3A-HDAC (histone deacetylase) complex is a master transcriptional repressor, required for development but often deregulated in disease. Here, we report that the recently identified new component of this complex, SINHCAF (SIN3A and HDAC-associated factor)/FAM60A (family of homology 60A), links the SIN3A-HDAC co-repressor complex function to the hypoxia response. We show that SINHCAF specifically represses HIF-2α mRNA and protein expression, via its interaction with the transcription factor SP1 (specificity protein 1) and recruitment of HDAC1 to the HIF-2α promoter. SINHCAF control over HIF-2α results in functional cellular changes in in vitro angiogenesis and viability. Our analysis reveals an unexpected link between SINHCAF and the regulation of the hypoxia response.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Biddlestone
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
- SCREDS Clinical Lecturer in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Ivan Munoz
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
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18
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Diodati L, Carpi A. Recent Advances in Comprehending the Signaling Pathways Involved in the Progression of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2321. [PMID: 29099748 PMCID: PMC5713290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the comprehension of signaling pathways involved in breast cancer progression. Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), caveolae signaling, signaling referred to hypoxia-inducing factors and disturbances in the apoptotic machinery are related to more general biological mechanisms and are considered first. The others refer to signaling pathways of more specific biological mechanisms, namely the heparin/heparin-sulfate interactome, over-expression of miRNA-378a-5p, restriction of luminal and basal epithelial cells, fatty-acid synthesis, molecular pathways related to epithelial to mesenchimal transition (EMT), HER-2/neu gene amplification and protein expression, and the expression of other members of the epithelial growth factor receptor family. This progress in basic research is fundamental to foster the ongoing efforts that use the new genotyping technologies, and aim at defining new prognostic and predictive biomarkers for a better personalized management of breast cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Diodati
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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19
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D'Ignazio L, Batie M, Rocha S. Hypoxia and Inflammation in Cancer, Focus on HIF and NF-κB. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E21. [PMID: 28536364 PMCID: PMC5489807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often characterised by the presence of hypoxia and inflammation. Paramount to the mechanisms controlling cellular responses under such stress stimuli, are the transcription factor families of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) and Nuclear Factor of κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Although, a detailed understating of how these transcription factors respond to their cognate stimulus is well established, it is now appreciated that HIF and NF-κB undergo extensive crosstalk, in particular in pathological situations such as cancer. Here, we focus on the current knowledge on how HIF is activated by inflammation and how NF-κB is modulated by hypoxia. We summarise the evidence for the possible mechanism behind this activation and how HIF and NF-κB function impacts cancer, focusing on colorectal, breast and lung cancer. We discuss possible new points of therapeutic intervention aiming to harness the current understanding of the HIF-NF-κB crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
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20
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Jiang L, Song J, Hu X, Zhang H, Huang E, Zhang Y, Deng F, Wu X. The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Inhibits Inflammatory Response of Periodontal Ligament Cells and Ameliorates Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2017; 88:473-483. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Science, Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Enyi Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Feng Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Xiaomian Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University
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21
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Batie M, Druker J, D'Ignazio L, Rocha S. KDM2 Family Members are Regulated by HIF-1 in Hypoxia. Cells 2017; 6:E8. [PMID: 28304334 PMCID: PMC5371873 DOI: 10.3390/cells6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is not only a developmental cue but also a stress and pathological stimulus in many human diseases. The response to hypoxia at the cellular level relies on the activity of the transcription factor family, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). HIF-1 is responsible for the acute response and transactivates a variety of genes involved in cellular metabolism, cell death, and cell growth. Here, we show that hypoxia results in increased mRNA levels for human lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2 (KDM2) family members, KDM2A and KDM2B, and also for Drosophila melanogaster KDM2, a histone and protein demethylase. In human cells, KDM2 family member's mRNA levels are regulated by HIF-1 but not HIF-2 in hypoxia. Interestingly, only KDM2A protein levels are significantly induced in a HIF-1-dependent manner, while KDM2B protein changes in a cell type-dependent manner. Importantly, we demonstrate that in human cells, KDM2A regulation by hypoxia and HIF-1 occurs at the level of promoter, with HIF-1 binding to the KDM2A promoter being required for RNA polymerase II recruitment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that KDM2 is a novel HIF target that can help coordinate the cellular response to hypoxia. In addition, these results might explain why KDM2 levels are often deregulated in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Jimena Druker
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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22
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He C, Wang L, Zhang J, Xu H. Hypoxia-inducible microRNA-224 promotes the cell growth, migration and invasion by directly targeting RASSF8 in gastric cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:35. [PMID: 28173803 PMCID: PMC5297251 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia plays an important role in the development of various cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and modulate the tumorigenesis, including gastric cancer. However, the roles and molecular mechanism of miR-224 in gastric cancer under hypoxia remain poorly understood. Method Real-time PCR and Northern blot assay were used to examine the effects of hypoxia and HIF-1α on miR-224 expression. Luciferase and ChIP assays were performed to determine whether miR-224 was a transcriptional target of HIF-1α. Then MTT, colony formation, in vitro scratch and invasion assays were used to detect the effects of miR-224 on cell growth, migration and invasion under hypoxia, as well as the in vivo animal study. Luciferase assay and Western blot were performed to validate the targets of miR-224. Functional studies were performed to determine the roles of RASSF8 as that of miR-224 under hypoxia. The effects of RASSF8 knockdown on the transcriptional activity and translocation of NF-κB were investigated using Luciferase assay and Western blot, respectively. Finally, the expression levels of miR-224 and RASSF8 were detected using real-time PCR in gastric cancer tissues as well as lymph node metastasis tissues. Results We demonstrated that miR-224 was upregulated by hypoxia and HIF-1α. HIF-1α affected miR-224 expression at the transcriptional level. MiR-224 inhibition suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion induced by hypoxia, while miR-224 overexpression resulted in opposite effects. MiR-224 inhibition also suppressed tumor growth in vivo. We then validated that RASSF8 was a direct target of miR-224. RASSF8 overexpression inhibited cell growth and invasion, while RASSF8 knockdown ameliorated the inhibitory effects of miR-224 inhibition on cell growth and invasion. Furthermore, we found that RASSF8 knockdown enhanced the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and p65 translocation, while RASSF8 overexpression resulted in opposite effects. Inhibition of NF-κB activity by PDTC attenuated the effects of RASSF8 knockdown on cell proliferation and invasion. Finally, miR-224 was upregulated in both gastric cancer tissues and lymph node metastasis positive tissues, while RASSF8 expression was opposite to that of miR-224. Conclusion These results indicate that hypoxia-inducible miR-224 promotes gastric cancer cell growth, migration and invasion by downregulating RASSF8 and acts as an oncogene, implying that inhibition of miR-224 may have potential as a therapeutic target for patients with hypoxic gastric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and anal surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Cummins EP, Keogh CE. Respiratory gases and the regulation of transcription. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:986-1002. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P. Cummins
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara E. Keogh
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
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24
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A comprehensive assessment of networks and pathways of hypoxia-associated proteins and identification of responsive protein modules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13721-016-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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D'Ignazio L, Rocha S. Hypoxia Induced NF-κB. Cells 2016; 5:cells5010010. [PMID: 27005664 PMCID: PMC4810095 DOI: 10.3390/cells5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) is a major transcription factor responding to cellular stress, it is perhaps not surprising that is activated by hypoxia, or decreased oxygen availability. However, how NF-κB becomes activated in hypoxia is still not completely understood. Several mechanisms have been proposed and this review will focus on the main findings highlighting the molecules that have been identified in the process of hypoxia induced NF-κB. In addition, we will discuss the role of NF-κB in the control of the cellular response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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Brazilian Pampa Biome Honey Protects Against Mortality, Locomotor Deficits and Oxidative Stress Induced by Hypoxia/Reperfusion in Adult Drosophila melanogaster. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:116-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Biddlestone J, Bandarra D, Rocha S. The role of hypoxia in inflammatory disease (review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:859-69. [PMID: 25625467 PMCID: PMC4356629 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals have developed evolutionarily conserved programs of transcriptional response to hypoxia and inflammation. These stimuli commonly occur together in vivo and there is significant crosstalk between the transcription factors that are classically understood to respond to either hypoxia or inflammation. This crosstalk can be used to modulate the overall response to environmental stress. Several common disease processes are characterised by aberrant transcriptional programs in response to environmental stress. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of the hypoxia-responsive (hypoxia-inducible factor) and inflammatory (nuclear factor-κB) transcription factor families and their crosstalk in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, with relevance for future therapies for the management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Biddlestone
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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Bandarra D, Biddlestone J, Mudie S, Müller HAJ, Rocha S. HIF-1α restricts NF-κB-dependent gene expression to control innate immunity signals. Dis Model Mech 2014; 8:169-81. [PMID: 25510503 PMCID: PMC4314782 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation are intimately linked. It is known that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) regulates the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) system, but little is known about how HIF regulates NF-κB. Here, we show that HIF-1α represses NF-κB-dependent gene expression. HIF-1α depletion results in increased NF-κB transcriptional activity both in mammalian cells and in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. HIF-1α depletion enhances the NF-κB response, and this required not only the TAK-IKK complex, but also CDK6. Loss of HIF-1α results in an increased angiogenic response in mammalian cancer cells and increased mortality in Drosophila following infection. These results indicate that HIF-1α is required to restrain the NF-κB response, and thus prevents excessive and damaging pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - John Biddlestone
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sharon Mudie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - H-Arno J Müller
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, DD1 5EH, UK.
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