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Hauschildt A, Gama L, Volpato G, Corá L, Silva A, Belém M, Magalhães P, Santos A, Américo M. Nandrolone decanoate impairs gastrointestinal motility and duodenal morphometry in moderately exercised rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13452. [PMID: 38958368 PMCID: PMC11221868 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The misuse of anabolic androgenic steroid associated or not with physical workouts disrupts gastrointestinal (GI) function homeostasis. Our goal was to investigate the effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and moderate swimming on the GI transit of solid meals, GI motor contractility, and intestinal histology in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated to four groups that received intramuscular injections of ND (5.0 mg/kg) or vehicle (60.0 µL) and were submitted or not to swimming sessions (60 min, 5% body weight overload) for 4 weeks. Gastric emptying, intestinal transit, in vitro GI contractility, intestinal morphometry, and duodenal mucosal mast cells were evaluated in all experimental groups. ND treatment accelerated gastric emptying, slowed small intestine transit time, enhanced gastric carbachol-mediated reactivity, decreased crypt depth and villus height, reduced mucosal thickness, and increased the circular and longitudinal muscle layer thickness of the duodenum in sedentary rats. Moderate exercise accelerated intestinal transit time and reduced submucosa thickness. In vehicle-treated animals, a strong negative correlation was found between intestinal transit and mucosal mast cells, which was reversed by ND treatment. Combining ND treatment and swimming accelerated gastric emptying, increased duodenal cholinergic reactivity, inhibited the sodium nitroprusside relaxing response, increased the number of duodenal mast cells, decreased villus height, and increased the thickness of all muscle layers. ND changed the morphological and functional properties of the GI tract over time, with intense dysmotility, especially in sedentary animals, but moderate exercise seemed to have played a compensatory role in these harmful effects in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.T. Hauschildt
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L.A. Gama
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | - G.T. Volpato
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | - L.A. Corá
- Centro de Ciências Integradoras, Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - A.A.V. Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M.O. Belém
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P.J.C. Magalhães
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A.A. Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M.F. Américo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
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Stojanović M, Todorović D, Gopčević K, Medić A, Labudović Borović M, Despotović S, Djuric D. Effects of Aerobic Treadmill Training on Oxidative Stress Parameters, Metabolic Enzymes, and Histomorphometric Changes in Colon of Rats with Experimentally Induced Hyperhomocysteinemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1946. [PMID: 38396625 PMCID: PMC10888247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic treadmill training regimen of four weeks duration on oxidative stress parameters, metabolic enzymes, and histomorphometric changes in the colon of hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 10, per group): C, 0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day subcutaneous injection (s.c.) 2x/day; H, homocysteine 0.45 µmol/g b.w./day s.c. 2x/day; CPA, saline (0.9% NaCl 0.2 mL/day s.c. 2x/day) and an aerobic treadmill training program; and HPA, homocysteine (0.45 µmol/g b.w./day s.c. 2x/day) and an aerobic treadmill training program. The HPA group had an increased level of malondialdehyde (5.568 ± 0.872 μmol/mg protein, p = 0.0128 vs. CPA (3.080 ± 0.887 μmol/mg protein)), catalase activity (3.195 ± 0.533 U/mg protein, p < 0.0001 vs. C (1.467 ± 0.501 U/mg protein), p = 0.0012 vs. H (1.955 ± 0.293 U/mg protein), and p = 0.0003 vs. CPA (1.789 ± 0.256 U/mg protein)), and total superoxide dismutase activity (9.857 ± 1.566 U/mg protein, p < 0.0001 vs. C (6.738 ± 0.339 U/mg protein), p < 0.0001 vs. H (6.015 ± 0.424 U/mg protein), and p < 0.0001 vs. CPA (5.172 ± 0.284 U/mg protein)) were detected in the rat colon. In the HPA group, higher activities of lactate dehydrogenase (2.675 ± 1.364 mU/mg protein) were detected in comparison to the CPA group (1.198 ± 0.217 mU/mg protein, p = 0.0234) and higher activities of malate dehydrogenase (9.962 (5.752-10.220) mU/mg protein) were detected in comparison to the CPA group (4.727 (4.562-5.299) mU/mg protein, p = 0.0385). Subchronic treadmill training in the rats with hyperhomocysteinemia triggers the colon tissue antioxidant response (by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase) and elicits an increase in metabolic enzyme activities (lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase). This study offers a comprehensive assessment of the effects of aerobic exercise on colonic tissues in a rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia, evaluating a range of biological indicators including antioxidant enzyme activity, metabolic enzyme activity, and morphometric parameters, which suggested that exercise may confer protective effects at both the physiological and morphological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stojanović
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Todorović
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Gopčević
- Institute of Chemistry in Medicine "Petar Matavulj", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Medić
- Institute of Chemistry in Medicine "Petar Matavulj", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudović Borović
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Ð. Kostić", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Despotović
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Ð. Kostić", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Al-Nakkash L, Mason D, Ismail N, Bowman T, Ahlert J, Rubin M, Smith E, Rosander A, Broderick TL. Exercise Training Prevents the Loss of Wall Thickness and Lowers Expression of Alzheimer's Related Proteins in 3xTg Mouse Jejunum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14164. [PMID: 36361051 PMCID: PMC9653708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated the benefits of regular exercise on cardiovascular, neural, and cognitive function in humans with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the consequences of AD on gastrointestinal morphology and the effects of regular exercise, which plays an important role against the development of certain gastrointestinal-related diseases, are still poorly understood. Therefore, to assess the changes in intestinal structure in a mouse model of AD and the impact of exercise, 2-month-old 3xTg-AD male mice were subjected to treadmill running 5 days per week for a period of 5 months. Jejunum from 3xTg-AD mice analyzed by histochemical methods revealed significant alterations in morphology. Compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, villi length and crypt depth were increased, and collagen content of jejunum was elevated in 3xTg-AD mice. Jejunum wall dimensions, expressed as total wall thickness, outer longitudinal thickness, and inner circular thickness were decreased in 3xTg-AD compared to WT. Smooth muscle actin expression in jejunal wall was decreased in 3xTg-AD. Most of these aberrations were improved with exercise. Western blot expression of cyclin dependent kinase 5 (CDK5, involved in neural cell death and hyperphosphorylation of tau), was elevated in 3xTg-AD jejunum. This was associated with a 4-fold increase in tau5 expression. Exercise prevented the increase in expression of CDK5 and tau5. Expression of caspase 3 (an apoptotic marker) was elevated in 3xTg-AD jejunum and exercise prevented this. The results of our study indicate that the abnormalities in jejunum of the 3xTg mouse model of AD were prevented with exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Al-Nakkash
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Daniel Mason
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Niamatullah Ismail
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Taylor Bowman
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - John Ahlert
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Maxwell Rubin
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Emma Smith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Abigail Rosander
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Tom L. Broderick
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
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Swimming Attenuates Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hypertension presents one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Structural and mechanical changes of the heart and blood vessels as well as overproduction of reactive oxygen species may occur due to the increased blood pressure. Therewith, the goal of our study was to estimate the effects and duration of swimming as a possible therapy approach on blood pressure and oxidative stress parameters in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The study was conducted on 60 male Wistar albino rats divided into two groups, normotensive and hypertensive rats. Each of these groups was divided into three subgroups according to the swimming protocol. The swimming training was kept constant (60 min/day, for five days a week) with two days of rest. After six or nine weeks of the swimming protocol, blood pressure and oxidative stress markers were measured. The control group rats were put in water for one minute a day, in order to avoid water-induced stress. Training significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats, while diastolic pressure did not change in the group that swam six or nine weeks. The results showed that swimming increases the activity of all measured antioxidative parameters, while values of prooxidants varied depending on the training protocol. Our results confirmed that swimming, as an aerobic exercise, decreases blood pressure and has time-dependent positive system adaptations, especially on the antioxidant parameters.
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Physical Training Is a Potential Modifier of Risk for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Diabetes Mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1830934. [PMID: 33282938 PMCID: PMC7688348 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1830934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Iodinated contrast (IC) is a leading cause of hospital-based acute kidney injury (AKI). Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a decline in renal function due to iodinated contrast administration and occurs more frequently in individuals with increasingly common risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Physical training (PT) can have renoprotective effects on CI-AKI in diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the injury in kidneys of diabetic rats submitted to treatment with IC, evaluating the impact of PT on hemodynamics and renal function in addition to oxidative profile in diabetic rats submitted to IC-AKI. Materials and Methods Adult male Wistar rats are randomized into four groups: citrate (n = 7): control group, citrate buffer (streptozotocin-STZ vehicle), intravenous tail (iv), single dose; DM (n = 7): STZ, 60 mg/kg, iv, single dose; DM+IC (n = 7): DM rats treated with IC (sodium meglumine ioxithalamate, 6 mL/kg, intraperitoneal (ip), single dose); DM+IC+PT (n = 7): DM rats treated with IC as mentioned and submitted to physical training. Renal function parameters (inulin clearance, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), serum creatinine, and urinary albumin), hemodynamics (renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance), and oxidative profile (urinary peroxides, urinary TBARS, urinary nitric oxide, and renal tissue thiols) were evaluated. Results It was possible to observe a decrease in inulin clearance, renal blood flow, and thiols in renal tissue accompanied by an increase in urinary flow, serum creatinine, urinary albumin, renal vascular resistance, urinary peroxides, urinary nitrate, and TBARS in the DM group compared to the citrate group. The DM+IC group showed a reduction in inulin clearance, and the renal dysfunction was also seen by the increased NGAL. Renal hemodynamics and oxidative profile compared were also worsened in the DM group. PT improved renal function by increasing renal blood flow and thiol levels in renal tissue and reduced renal vascular resistance, metabolites of reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, and lipid peroxidation in the DM+IC+PT group compared to DM+IC. Conclusions Our results confirmed that DM induction increases renal vulnerability to the toxicity of IC and an association between DM with IC predisposes to severe AKI with reduced renal function alongside with renal hemodynamic alterations and oxidative mechanism of injury. The PT showed a renoprotective effect in DM animals subjected to damage with IC by modulating renal hemodynamics and oxidative profile, confirming a potential to modify the risk of CI-AKI when diabetes mellitus is present.
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Araujo LCC, Brito AF, Souza ILL, Ferreira PB, Vasconcelos LHC, Silva AS, Silva BA. Spirulina Platensis Supplementation Coupled to Strength Exercise Improves Redox Balance and Reduces Intestinal Contractile Reactivity in Rat Ileum. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020089. [PMID: 32013202 PMCID: PMC7073603 DOI: 10.3390/md18020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The blue alga Spirulina platensis has presented several pharmacological activities, highlighting its actions as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In addition, there are few studies with the influence of strength training on physiological parameters, as intestinal contractility and oxidative cell damage. We evaluated the influence of S. platensis supplementation, strength training, and its association on contractile reactivity of rat ileum, as well as the balance of oxidative stress/antioxidant defenses. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into; sedentary (S); S + supplemented with algae at 50 (S50), 150 (S150), and 500 mg/kg (S500); trained (T); and T + supplemented (T50, T150, and T500). Contractile reactivity was analyzed by kymographs; oxidative stress on ileum by the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation; and the antioxidant capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. S. platensis supplementation reduced the reactivity of rat ileum to carbachol (CCh) and KCl, while training reduced only the CCh efficacy. In addition, association potentiated the reduction on contractile reactivity. Supplementation reduced the oxidative stress and increased oxidation inhibition; training alone did not alter this parameter, however association potentiated this beneficial effect. Therefore, this study demonstrated that both supplementation and its association with strength training promote beneficial effects regarding intestinal contractile reactivity and oxidative stress, providing new insights for intestinal disorders management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne C. C. Araujo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências (Fisiologia Humana), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo/SP 05508900, Brazil
| | - Aline F. Brito
- Escola de Educação Física, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife/PE 50740-465, Brazil;
| | - Iara L. L. Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB, 58051900, Brazil; (I.L.L.S.); (P.B.F.); (L.H.C.V.)
| | - Paula B. Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB, 58051900, Brazil; (I.L.L.S.); (P.B.F.); (L.H.C.V.)
| | - Luiz Henrique C. Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB, 58051900, Brazil; (I.L.L.S.); (P.B.F.); (L.H.C.V.)
| | - Alexandre S. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB 58051900, Brazil;
| | - Bagnólia A. Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências (Fisiologia Humana), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo/SP 05508900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB, 58051900, Brazil; (I.L.L.S.); (P.B.F.); (L.H.C.V.)
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa/PB 58051900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Jakovljevic B, Plecevic S, Petkovic A, Turnic TN, Milosavljevic I, Radoman K, Srejovic I. Is 3 Weeks of Exercise Enough to Change Blood Pressure and Cardiac Redox State in Hypertensive Rats? SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The investigation was aimed to evaluate the effects of 3-weeks swimming exercise on blood pressure and redox status in high-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Male Wistar albino rats (n=40, 6 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups: 1. hypertensive rats that swam for 3 weeks; 2. sedentary hypertensive control rats; 3. normotensive rats that swam for 3 weeks; 4. sedentary normotensive control rats. Hypertensive animals were on high concentrated sodium (8% NaCl) solution for 4 weeks (period of induction of hypertension). After sacrificing, hearts were isolated and perfused according to Langendorff technique at gradually increased coronary per-fusion pressure from 40–120 cmH2O. The oxidative stress markers were determined in coronary venous effluent: the index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), nitrites (NO2
−), superoxide anion radical (O2
−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Swimming did not lead to significant changes in levels of TBARS, NO2
−, O2
− in any of compared groups while levels of H2O2 were significantly higher in swimming hyper-tensive group comparing to swimming normotensive group at coronary perfusion pressure of 80–120 cmH2O. Our results indicate that the short-term swimming start to reduce blood pressure. In addition it seems that this type of swimming duration does not promote cardiac oxidative stress damages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasa Plecevic
- Sports Medicine Association of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Anica Petkovic
- University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Isidora Milosavljevic
- University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | | | - Ivan Srejovic
- University of Kragujevac , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology , Kragujevac , Serbia
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Borck PC, Leite NDC, Valcanaia AC, Rickli S, Alípio JCDL, Machado M, Vellosa JC, Mathias PCDF, Boschero AC, Grassiolli S. Swimming training reduces glucose‐amplifying pathway and cholinergic responses in islets from lean‐ and MSG‐obese rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:286-293. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C. Borck
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas/UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
| | - Nayara de C. Leite
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas/UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
| | - Ana C. Valcanaia
- Biologica Science and Health Center University of West Parana (UNIOESTE) Cascavel Brazil
| | - Sarah Rickli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas/UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Michael Machado
- Department of Nursing University of Ponta Grossa/UEPG Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Jose C. Vellosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ponta Grossa/UEPG Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Paulo C. de F. Mathias
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology University of Maringá/UEM Maringa Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas/UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
- Biologica Science and Health Center University of West Parana (UNIOESTE) Cascavel Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Biologica Science and Health Center University of West Parana (UNIOESTE) Cascavel Brazil
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Gowayed MA, Mahmoud SA, El-Sayed Y, Abu-Samra N, Kamel MA. Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with the ameliorative action of creatine supplementation in rat soleus and cardiac muscles. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:384-392. [PMID: 31853315 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study focused on the effect of creatine supplementation with/without exercise on the expression of genes controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal and cardiac muscles, as well as its safety profile on the liver and kidney. A total of 40 male Wister rats were included in the present study. Two unexercised groups: The control sedentary group and the sedentary creatine-treated group (n=10) were treated daily with oral creatine (0.5 g/kg per day). Two exercised groups performed swimming exercise training 5 days/week for a period of 5 weeks; The Exercise training group, and exercise training and creatine (0.5 g/kg per day) treated group. After sacrifice, blood samples, cardiac and soleus muscles were collected for assessment of mtDNA copy number, gene expression analysis and nuclear extraction for the assay of PGC-1α. The results of the current study demonstrated that, physical activity with short-term creatine supplementation increased all factors of mitochondrial biogenesis, an effect that is devoid of any kidney or liver adverse effects. Further studies are still required to explore the potential of creatine supplementation in ameliorating mitochondrial diseases, including epilepsy, skeletal and cardiac myopathies, hepatopathies and nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Yousria El-Sayed
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Nehal Abu-Samra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
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Joksimovic J, Selakovic D, Jovicic N, Mitrovic S, Mihailovic V, Katanic J, Milovanovic D, Rosic G. Exercise Attenuates Anabolic Steroids-Induced Anxiety via Hippocampal NPY and MC4 Receptor in Rats. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:172. [PMID: 30863280 PMCID: PMC6399386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of nandrolone-decanoate (ND) or testosterone-enanthate (TE) in supraphysiological doses and a prolonged swimming protocol, alone and in combination with ND or TE, on anxiety-like behavior in rats. We investigated the immunohistochemical alterations of the hippocampal neuropeptide Y (NPY) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) neurons, as a possible underlying mechanism in a modulation of anxiety-like behavior in rats. Both applied anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) induced anxiogenic effect accompanied with decreased serum and hippocampal NPY. The exercise-induced anxiolytic effect was associated with increased hippocampal NPY expression. ND and TE increased the number of MC4R, while the swimming protocol was followed by the reduction of MC4R in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. However, NPY/MC4R ratio in hippocampus was lowered by AASs and elevated by exercise in all hippocampal regions. An augmentation of this ratio strongly and positively correlated to increased time in open arms of elevated plus maze, in the context that indicates anxiolytic effect. Our findings support the conclusion that alterations in both hippocampal NPY and MC4R expression are involved in anxiety level changes in rats, while their quantitative relationship (NPY/MC4R ratio) is even more valuable in the estimation of anxiety regulation than individual alterations for both NPY and MC4R expression in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Joksimovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragica Selakovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Mihailovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Katanic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragan Milovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gvozden Rosic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Ünsal C, Ünsal H, Ekici M, Koç Yildirim E, Üner AG, Yildiz M, Güleş Ö, Ekren Aşici GS, Boyacioğlu M, Balkaya M, Belge F. The effects of exhaustive swimming and probiotic administration in trained rats: Oxidative balance of selected organs, colon morphology, and contractility. Physiol Int 2018; 105:309-324. [PMID: 30565473 DOI: 10.1556/2060.105.2018.4.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The duration and intensity of exercise are significant factors in oxidative, morphological, and functional changes of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to investigate the effects of both exhaustive swimming and probiotic VSL#3 on rats that had been previously trained with moderate swimming. The rats were divided into four groups labeled: control (C), probiotic (P), exercise (E), and probiotic-exercise (PE). Groups P and PE were fed with probiotic mixture VSL#3. Groups E and PE had a 5-week moderate swimming program (1 h/day for 5 days/week), followed by a 1-week exhaustive swimming program (trained like in moderate program but 3 times with 150 min resting sessions, for 5 days/week). At the end of the program, the rats were euthanized. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels were measured in tissue samples from the gastrocnemius muscle, heart, liver, kidney, and colon. In vitro contractile activity and histomorphology of the colon were also determined. Exercise and/or probiotic decreased the oxidative stress and also increased the level of one or more of the antioxidant enzymes in some of the organs. Probiotics had more pronounced effects on colon morphology than exercise but unexpectedly this effect was non-trophic. In the colon, the thickness of the tunica muscularis and the number of goblet cells were not affected; however, probiotic administration decreased the crypt depth and tunica mucosa thickness. Exercise increased the Emax value of acetylcholine (ACh), while decreased its sensitivity. These findings suggest that exhaustive swimming does not cause oxidative stress and that probiotic consumption improves oxidative balance in trained rats. The probiotic intake does not alter the effect of exercise on the contractile activity of the colon. Colon mucosal changes induced by probiotics are independent of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ünsal
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - H Ünsal
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Ekici
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - E Koç Yildirim
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - A G Üner
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Yildiz
- 2 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Çan School of Applied Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ö Güleş
- 3 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - G S Ekren Aşici
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Boyacioğlu
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - M Balkaya
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
| | - F Belge
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University , Aydin, Turkey
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de Souza ILL, Ferreira EDS, Diniz AFA, Carvalho MTDL, Queiroga FR, Toscano LT, Silva AS, da Silva PM, Cavalcante FDA, da Silva BA. Effects of Redox Disturbances on Intestinal Contractile Reactivity in Rats Fed with a Hypercaloric Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6364821. [PMID: 30498560 PMCID: PMC6222220 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6364821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have associated the effects of changes in caloric intake and redox disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the hypercaloric diet consumption influence on the contractile reactivity of intestinal smooth muscle, morphology, and oxidative stress of rat ileum. Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups that received a standard diet and fed with a hypercaloric diet for 8 weeks. Animals were euthanized, and the ileum was isolated to isotonic contraction monitoring. Morphology was evaluated by histological staining and oxidative stress by quantification of malondialdehyde levels and total antioxidant activity. Cumulative concentration-response curves to KCl and carbachol were attenuated in rats fed with a hypercaloric diet compared to those that received a standard diet. In addition, an increase in caloric intake promotes a rise in the thickness of the longitudinal smooth muscle layer of rat ileum and tissue malondialdehyde levels, characterizing lipid peroxidation, as well as a decrease in the antioxidant activity. Thus, it was concluded that the consumption of a hypercaloric diet impairs rat intestinal contractility due to mechanisms involving modifications in the intestinal smooth muscle architecture triggered by redox disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara L. L. de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Elba dos S. Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Anderson F. A. Diniz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando R. Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Lydiane T. Toscano
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de A. Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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13
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Araujo LCDC, de Souza ILL, Vasconcelos LHC, Brito ADF, Queiroga FR, Silva AS, da Silva PM, Cavalcante FDA, da Silva BA. Acute Aerobic Swimming Exercise Induces Distinct Effects in the Contractile Reactivity of Rat Ileum to KCl and Carbachol. Front Physiol 2016; 7:103. [PMID: 27047389 PMCID: PMC4796008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise promotes short-term physiological changes in the intestinal smooth muscle associated to the ischemia-reperfusion process; however, few studies have demonstrated its effect on the intestinal contractile function. Thus, this work describes our observations regarding the influence of acute aerobic swimming exercise in the contractile reactivity, oxidative stress, and morphology of rat ileum. Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SED) and acutely exercised (EX-AC) groups. Animals were acclimated by 10, 10, and 30 min of swimming exercise in intercalated days 1 week before exercise. Then they were submitted to forced swimming for 1 h with a metal of 3% of their body weight attached to their body. Animals were euthanized immediately after the exercise section and the ileum was suspended in organ baths for monitoring isotonic contractions. The analysis of lipid peroxidation was performed in order to determinate the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of oxidative stress, and intestinal smooth muscle morphology by histological staining. Cumulative concentration-response curves to KCl were altered in the EX-AC with an increase in both its efficacy and potency (Emax = 153.2 ± 2.8%, EC50 = 1.3 ± 0.1 × 10−2 M) compared to the SED group (Emax = 100%, EC50 = 1.8 ± 0.1 × 10−2 M). Interestingly, carbachol had its efficacy and potency reduced in the EX-AC (Emax = 67.1 ± 1.4%, EC50 = 9.8 ± 1.4 × 10−7 M) compared to the SED group (Emax = 100%, EC50 = 2.0 ± 0.2 × 10−7 M). The exercise did not alter the MDA levels in the ileum (5.4 ± 0.6 μ mol/mL) in the EX-AC compared to the SED group (8.4 ± 1.7 μ mol/mL). Moreover, neither the circular nor the longitudinal smooth muscle layers thickness were modified by the exercise (66.2 ± 6.0 and 40.2 ± 2.6 μm, respectively), compared to the SED group (61.6 ± 6.4 and 34.8 ± 3.7 μm, respectively). Therefore, the ileum sensitivity to contractile agents is differentially altered by the acute aerobic swimming exercise, without affecting the oxidative stress and the morphology of ileum smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne C da Cunha Araujo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Iara L L de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Luiz H C Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Aline de Freitas Brito
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia A da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil
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