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McCormick LE, Suarez C, Herring LE, Cannon KS, Kovar DR, Brown NG, Gupton SL. Multi-monoubiquitylation controls VASP-mediated actin dynamics. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261527. [PMID: 38277158 PMCID: PMC10917064 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton performs multiple cellular functions, and as such, actin polymerization must be tightly regulated. We previously demonstrated that reversible, non-degradative ubiquitylation regulates the function of the actin polymerase VASP in developing neurons. However, the underlying mechanism of how ubiquitylation impacts VASP activity was unknown. Here, we show that mimicking multi-monoubiquitylation of VASP at K240 and K286 negatively regulates VASP interactions with actin. Using in vitro biochemical assays, we demonstrate the reduced ability of multi-monoubiquitylated VASP to bind, bundle, and elongate actin filaments. However, multi-monoubiquitylated VASP maintained the ability to bind and protect barbed ends from capping protein. Finally, we demonstrate the electroporation of recombinant multi-monoubiquitylated VASP protein altered cell spreading morphology. Collectively, these results suggest a mechanism in which ubiquitylation controls VASP-mediated actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. McCormick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cristian Suarez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Laura E. Herring
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin S. Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David R. Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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2
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McCormick LE, Suarez C, Herring LE, Cannon KS, Kovar DR, Brown NG, Gupton SL. Multi-monoubiquitination controls VASP-mediated actin dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.16.549237. [PMID: 37503134 PMCID: PMC10370145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton performs multiple cellular functions, and as such, actin polymerization must be tightly regulated. We previously demonstrated that reversible, non-degradative ubiquitination regulates the function of the actin polymerase VASP in developing neurons. However, the underlying mechanism of how ubiquitination impacts VASP activity was unknown. Here we show that mimicking multi-monoubiquitination of VASP at K240 and K286 negatively regulates VASP interactions with actin. Using in vitro biochemical assays, we demonstrate the reduced ability of multi-monoubiquitinated VASP to bind, bundle, and elongate actin filaments. However, multi-monoubiquitinated VASP maintained the ability to bind and protect barbed ends from capping protein. Lastly, we demonstrate the introduction of recombinant multi-monoubiquitinated VASP protein altered cell spreading morphology. Collectively, these results suggest a mechanism in which ubiquitination controls VASP-mediated actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E McCormick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Cristian Suarez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Laura E Herring
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kevin S Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Stephanie L Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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3
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Hwang T, Parker SS, Hill SM, Ilunga MW, Grant RA, Mouneimne G, Keating AE. A distributed residue network permits conformational binding specificity in a conserved family of actin remodelers. eLife 2021; 10:e70601. [PMID: 34854809 PMCID: PMC8639148 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoan proteomes contain many paralogous proteins that have evolved distinct functions. The Ena/VASP family of actin regulators consists of three members that share an EVH1 interaction domain with a 100 % conserved binding site. A proteome-wide screen revealed photoreceptor cilium actin regulator (PCARE) as a high-affinity ligand for ENAH EVH1. Here, we report the surprising observation that PCARE is ~100-fold specific for ENAH over paralogs VASP and EVL and can selectively bind ENAH and inhibit ENAH-dependent adhesion in cells. Specificity arises from a mechanism whereby PCARE stabilizes a conformation of the ENAH EVH1 domain that is inaccessible to family members VASP and EVL. Structure-based modeling rapidly identified seven residues distributed throughout EVL that are sufficient to differentiate binding by ENAH vs. EVL. By exploiting the ENAH-specific conformation, we rationally designed the tightest and most selective ENAH binder to date. Our work uncovers a conformational mechanism of interaction specificity that distinguishes highly similar paralogs and establishes tools for dissecting specific Ena/VASP functions in processes including cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hwang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sara S Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Samantha M Hill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Meucci W Ilunga
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Robert A Grant
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Amy E Keating
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biological Engineering and Koch Institue for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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4
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Dobramysl U, Jarsch IK, Inoue Y, Shimo H, Richier B, Gadsby JR, Mason J, Szałapak A, Ioannou PS, Correia GP, Walrant A, Butler R, Hannezo E, Simons BD, Gallop JL. Stochastic combinations of actin regulatory proteins are sufficient to drive filopodia formation. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202003052. [PMID: 33740033 PMCID: PMC7980258 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Assemblies of actin and its regulators underlie the dynamic morphology of all eukaryotic cells. To understand how actin regulatory proteins work together to generate actin-rich structures such as filopodia, we analyzed the localization of diverse actin regulators within filopodia in Drosophila embryos and in a complementary in vitro system of filopodia-like structures (FLSs). We found that the composition of the regulatory protein complex where actin is incorporated (the filopodial tip complex) is remarkably heterogeneous both in vivo and in vitro. Our data reveal that different pairs of proteins correlate with each other and with actin bundle length, suggesting the presence of functional subcomplexes. This is consistent with a theoretical framework where three or more redundant subcomplexes join the tip complex stochastically, with any two being sufficient to drive filopodia formation. We provide an explanation for the observed heterogeneity and suggest that a mechanism based on multiple components allows stereotypical filopodial dynamics to arise from diverse upstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Dobramysl
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iris Katharina Jarsch
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yoshiko Inoue
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hanae Shimo
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin Richier
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan R. Gadsby
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Mason
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alicja Szałapak
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pantelis Savvas Ioannou
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Astrid Walrant
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Butler
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Benjamin D. Simons
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Gallop
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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5
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Ma Z, Liu X, Nath S, Sun H, Tran TM, Yang L, Mayor S, Miao Y. Formin nanoclustering-mediated actin assembly during plant flagellin and DSF signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108884. [PMID: 33789103 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to bacterial infection acutely with actin remodeling during plant immune responses. The mechanisms by which bacterial virulence factors (VFs) modulate plant actin polymerization remain enigmatic. Here, we show that plant-type-I formin serves as the molecular sensor for actin remodeling in response to two bacterial VFs: Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) diffusible signal factor (DSF), and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Both VFs regulate actin assembly by tuning the clustering and nucleation activity of formin on the plasma membrane (PM) at the nano-sized scale. By being integrated within the cell-wall-PM-actin cytoskeleton (CW-PM-AC) continuum, the dynamic behavior and function of formins are highly dependent on each scaffold layer's composition within the CW-PM-AC continuum during both DSF and PTI signaling. Our results reveal a central mechanism for rapid actin remodeling during plant-bacteria interactions, in which bacterial signaling molecules fine tune plant formin nanoclustering in a host mechanical-structure-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sangeeta Nath
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India; Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - He Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tuan Minh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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6
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Puleo JI, Parker SS, Roman MR, Watson AW, Eliato KR, Peng L, Saboda K, Roe DJ, Ros R, Gertler FB, Mouneimne G. Mechanosensing during directed cell migration requires dynamic actin polymerization at focal adhesions. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:4215-4235. [PMID: 31594807 PMCID: PMC6891092 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of a cell's microenvironment influence many aspects of cellular behavior, including cell migration. Durotaxis, the migration toward increasing matrix stiffness, has been implicated in processes ranging from development to cancer. During durotaxis, mechanical stimulation by matrix rigidity leads to directed migration. Studies suggest that cells sense mechanical stimuli, or mechanosense, through the acto-myosin cytoskeleton at focal adhesions (FAs); however, FA actin cytoskeletal remodeling and its role in mechanosensing are not fully understood. Here, we show that the Ena/VASP family member, Ena/VASP-like (EVL), polymerizes actin at FAs, which promotes cell-matrix adhesion and mechanosensing. Importantly, we show that EVL regulates mechanically directed motility, and that suppression of EVL expression impedes 3D durotactic invasion. We propose a model in which EVL-mediated actin polymerization at FAs promotes mechanosensing and durotaxis by maturing, and thus reinforcing, FAs. These findings establish dynamic FA actin polymerization as a central aspect of mechanosensing and identify EVL as a crucial regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieann I Puleo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Sara S Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mackenzie R Roman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Adam W Watson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kiarash Rahmani Eliato
- Department of Physics, Center for Biological Physics, and Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Leilei Peng
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kathylynn Saboda
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Denise J Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics, Center for Biological Physics, and Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Frank B Gertler
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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7
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Wilton KM, Overlee BL, Billadeau DD. NKG2D-DAP10 signaling recruits EVL to the cytotoxic synapse to generate F-actin and promote NK cell cytotoxicity. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.230508. [PMID: 31235500 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells eliminate abnormal cells through the release of cytolytic granule contents. In this process, NK cells must adhere to target cells through integrin-mediated adhesion, which is highly dependent on the generation of F-actin. Ena/VASP-like (EVL) is an actin regulatory protein previously shown to regulate integrin-mediated adhesion in other cell types, but its role in NK cell biology is not known. Herein, we show that EVL is recruited to the NK cell cytotoxic synapse and is required for NK cell cytotoxicity. Significantly, EVL is involved in the generation of F-actin at the cytotoxic synapse, antibody-stimulated spreading, and NK cell-target cell adhesion. EVL interacts with WASP (also known as WAS) and VASP and is required for localization of both proteins to the synapse. Recruitment of EVL to points of cellular activation occurs through the receptor NKG2D-DAP10 (also known as KLRK1 and HCST, respectively) via a binding site previously implicated in VAV1 and Grb2 recruitment. Taken together, this study implicates DAP10-mediated Grb2 and VAV1 signaling in the recruitment of an EVL-containing actin regulatory complex to the cytotoxic synapse where it can promote F-actin nucleation leading to NK cell-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn M Wilton
- Department of Immunology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brittany L Overlee
- Division of Oncology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA .,Division of Oncology, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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8
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Young LE, Latario CJ, Higgs HN. Roles for Ena/VASP proteins in FMNL3-mediated filopodial assembly. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/21/jcs220814. [PMID: 30373894 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.220814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are actin-dependent finger-like structures that protrude from the plasma membrane. Actin filament barbed-end-binding proteins localized to filopodial tips are key to filopodial assembly. Two classes of barbed-end-binding proteins are formins and Ena/VASP proteins, and both classes have been localized to filopodial tips in specific cellular contexts. Here, we examine the filopodial roles of the FMNL formins and Ena/VASP proteins in U2OS cells. FMNL3 suppression reduces filopodial assembly by 90%, and FMNL3 is enriched at >95% of filopodial tips. Suppression of VASP or Mena (also known as ENAH) reduces filopodial assembly by >75%. However, VASP and Mena do not display consistent filopodial tip localization, but are enriched in focal adhesions (FAs). Interestingly, >85% of FMNL3-containing filopodia are associated with FAs. Two situations increase Ena/VASP filopodial localization: (1) expression of myosin-X, and (2) actively spreading cells. In spreading cells, filopodia often mark sites of nascent adhesions. Interestingly, VASP suppression in spreading cells causes a significant increase in adhesion assembly at filopodial tips. This work demonstrates that, in U2OS cells, Ena/VASP proteins play roles in filopodia beyond those at filopodial tips.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna E Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Casey J Latario
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755, USA
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9
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Tomatis VM, Josh P, Papadopulos A, Gormal RS, Lanoue V, Martin S, Meunier FA. ENA/VASP proteins regulate exocytosis by mediating myosin VI-dependent recruitment of secretory granules to the cortical actin network. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 84:100-111. [PMID: 28784263 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurosecretory cells, myosin VI associated with secretory granules (SGs) mediates their activity-dependent recruitment to the cortical actin network and is necessary to sustain exocytosis. The mechanism by which myosin VI interacts with SGs is unknown. Using a myosin VI pull-down assay and mass spectrometry we identified Mena, a member of the ENA/VASP family, as a myosin VI binding partner in PC12 cells, and confirmed that Mena colocalized with myosin VI on SGs. Using a knock-sideways approach to inactivate the ENA/VASP family members by mitochondrial relocation, we revealed a concomitant redistribution of myosin VI. This was ensued by a reduction in the association of myosin VI with SGs, a decreased SG mobility and density in proximity to the plasma membrane as well as decreased evoked exocytosis. These data demonstrate that ENA/VASP proteins regulate SG exocytosis through modulating the activity of myosin VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa M Tomatis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter Josh
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Papadopulos
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel S Gormal
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lanoue
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sally Martin
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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10
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Vidaki M, Drees F, Saxena T, Lanslots E, Taliaferro MJ, Tatarakis A, Burge CB, Wang ET, Gertler FB. A Requirement for Mena, an Actin Regulator, in Local mRNA Translation in Developing Neurons. Neuron 2017; 95:608-622.e5. [PMID: 28735747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During neuronal development, local mRNA translation is required for axon guidance and synaptogenesis, and dysregulation of this process contributes to multiple neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders. However, regulation of local protein synthesis in developing axons remains poorly understood. Here, we uncover a novel role for the actin-regulatory protein Mena in the formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex that involves the RNA-binding proteins HnrnpK and PCBP1 and regulates local translation of specific mRNAs in developing axons. We find that translation of dyrk1a, a Down syndrome- and autism spectrum disorders-related gene, is dependent on Mena, both in steady-state conditions and upon BDNF stimulation. We identify hundreds of additional mRNAs that associate with the Mena complex, suggesting that it plays broader role(s) in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Our work establishes a dual role for Mena in neurons, providing a potential link between regulation of actin dynamics and local translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vidaki
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Frauke Drees
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tanvi Saxena
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Erwin Lanslots
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew J Taliaferro
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Antonios Tatarakis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher B Burge
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric T Wang
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frank B Gertler
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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11
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Mena INV dysregulates cortactin phosphorylation to promote invadopodium maturation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36142. [PMID: 27824079 PMCID: PMC5099927 DOI: 10.1038/srep36142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia, actin-based protrusions of invasive carcinoma cells that focally activate extracellular matrix-degrading proteases, are essential for the migration and intravasation of tumor cells during dissemination from the primary tumor. We have previously shown that cortactin phosphorylation at tyrosine residues, in particular tyrosine 421, promotes actin polymerization at newly-forming invadopodia, promoting their maturation to matrix-degrading structures. However, the mechanism by which cells regulate the cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle at invadopodia is unknown. Mena, an actin barbed-end capping protein antagonist, is expressed as various splice-isoforms. The MenaINV isoform is upregulated in migratory and invasive sub-populations of breast carcinoma cells, and is involved in tumor cell intravasation. Here we show that forced MenaINV expression increases invadopodium maturation to a far greater extent than equivalent expression of other Mena isoforms. MenaINV is recruited to invadopodium precursors just after their initial assembly at the plasma membrane, and promotes the phosphorylation of cortactin tyrosine 421 at invadopodia. In addition, we show that cortactin phosphorylation at tyrosine 421 is suppressed by the phosphatase PTP1B, and that PTP1B localization to the invadopodium is reduced by MenaINV expression. We conclude that MenaINV promotes invadopodium maturation by inhibiting normal dephosphorylation of cortactin at tyrosine 421 by the phosphatase PTP1B.
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Benz PM, Laban H, Zink J, Günther L, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Dib K. Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP)-dependent and -independent pathways regulate thrombin-induced activation of Rap1b in platelets. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:21. [PMID: 27620165 PMCID: PMC5020514 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) is involved in the inhibition of agonist-induced platelet aggregation by cyclic nucleotides and the adhesion of platelets to the vascular wall. αIIbβ3 is the main integrin responsible for platelet activation and Rap1b plays a key role in integrin signalling. We investigated whether VASP is involved in the regulation of Rap1b in platelets since VASP-null platelets exhibit augmented adhesion to endothelial cells in vivo. Methods Washed platelets from wild type and VASP-deficient mice were stimulated with thrombin, the purinergic receptors agonist ADP, or the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619 and Rap1b activation was measured using the GST-RalGDS-RBD binding assay. Interaction of VASP and Crkl was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and pull-down assays using Crkl domains expressed as GST-fusion proteins. Results Surprisingly, we found that activation of Rap1b in response to thrombin, ADP, or U46619 was significantly reduced in platelets from VASP-null mice compared to platelets from wild type mice. However, inhibition of thrombin-induced activation of Rap1b by nitric oxide (NO) was similar in platelets from wild type and VASP-null mice indicating that the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway controls inhibition of Rap1b independently from VASP. To understand how VASP regulated Rap1b, we investigated association between VASP and the Crk-like protein (Crkl), an adapter protein which activates the Rap1b guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G. We demonstrated the formation of a Crkl/VASP complex by showing that: 1) Crkl co-immunoprecipitated VASP from platelet lysates; 2) Crkl and VASP dynamically co-localized at actin-rich protrusions reminiscent of focal adhesions, filopodia, and lamellipodia upon platelet spreading on fibronectin; 3) recombinant VASP bound directly to the N-terminal SH3 domain of Crkl; 4) Protein Kinase A (PKA) -mediated VASP phosphorylation on Ser157 abrogated the binding of Crkl. Conclusions We identified Crkl as a novel protein interacting with VASP in platelets. We propose that the C3G/Crkl/VASP complex plays a role in the regulation of Rap1b and this explains, at least in part, the reduced agonist-induced activation of Rap1b in VASP-null platelets. In addition, the fact that PKA-dependent VASP phosphorylation abrogated its interaction with Crkl may provide, at least in part, a rationale for the PKA-dependent inhibition of Rap1b and platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Benz
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joana Zink
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lea Günther
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Walter
- Centre for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Department of Cytology and Histology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Karim Dib
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Medical Biology Center (MBC) building, Queen's University of Belfast, Third floor, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM9 Is a Filopodia Off Switch Required for Netrin-Dependent Axon Guidance. Dev Cell 2016; 35:698-712. [PMID: 26702829 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal growth cone filopodia contain guidance receptors and contribute to axon guidance; however, the mechanism by which the guidance cue netrin increases filopodia density is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TRIM9, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that localizes to filopodia tips and binds the netrin receptor DCC, interacts with and ubiquitinates the barbed-end polymerase VASP to modulate filopodial stability during netrin-dependent axon guidance. Studies with murine Trim9(+/+) and Trim9(-/-) cortical neurons, along with a non-ubiquitinatable VASP mutant, demonstrate that TRIM9-mediated ubiquitination of VASP reduces VASP filopodial tip localization, VASP dynamics at tips, and filopodial stability. Upon netrin treatment, VASP is deubiquitinated, which promotes VASP tip localization and filopodial stability. Trim9 deletion induces axon guidance defects in vitro and in vivo, whereas a gradient of deubiquitinase inhibition promotes axon turning in vitro. We conclude that a gradient of TRIM9-mediated ubiquitination of VASP creates a filopodial stability gradient during axon turning.
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