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Xiao H, Qu Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Fei M, Liang C, Yang H, Zhang X. HIF-2α/LINC02609/APOL1-mediated lipid storage promotes endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and regulates tumor progression in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:29. [PMID: 38263248 PMCID: PMC10804485 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The VHL-HIF pathway and lipid droplet accumulation are the main characteristics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the connection between the two features is largely unknown. METHODS We used transcriptional sequencing and TCGA database analysis to identify APOL1 as a novel therapeutic target for ccRCC. The oncogenic functions of APOL1 were investigated by cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion assays in ccRCC cells in vitro and xenografts derived from ccRCC cells in vivo. Oil red O staining and quantification were used to detect lipid droplets. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and luciferase reporter assays were carried out to identify HIF-2α bound to the promoter of APOL1 and lncRNA LINC02609. RNA-FISH and luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine that LncRNA LINC02609 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate APOL1 expression by sponging miR-149-5p. FINDINGS RNA-seq data revealed that HIF2α can regulate APOL1 and lncRNA LINC02609 expression. We also found that HIF-2α can bind to the promoter of APOL1 and lncRNA LINC02609 and transcriptionally regulate their expression directly. We further demonstrated that LncRNA LINC02609 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate APOL1 expression by sponging miR-149-5p in ccRCC. Mechanistically, APOL1-dependent lipid storage is required for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and cell viability and metastasis in ccRCC. We also showed that high APOL1 expression correlated with worse clinical outcomes, and knockdown of APOL1 inhibited tumor cell lipid droplet formation, proliferation, metastasis and xenograft tumor formation abilities. Together, our studies identify that HIF2α can regulate the expression of the lipid metabolism related gene APOL1 by direct and indirect means, which are essential for ccRCC tumorigenesis. INTERPRETATION Based on the experimental data, in ccRCC, the HIF-2α/LINC02609/APOL1 axis can regulate the expression of APOL1, thus interfering with lipid storage, promoting endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and regulating tumor progression in ccRCC. Together, our findings provide potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for future studies in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Qu
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mintian Fei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW More than 5 million African-Americans, and millions more in Africa and worldwide, possess apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) high-risk genotypes with an increased risk for chronic kidney disease. This manuscript reviews treatment approaches for slowing the progression of APOL1-associated nephropathy. RECENT FINDINGS Since the 2010 discovery of APOL1 as a cause of nondiabetic nephropathy in individuals with sub-Saharan African ancestry, it has become apparent that aggressive hypertension control, renin-angiotensin system blockade, steroids and conventional immunosuppressive agents are suboptimal treatments. In contrast, APOL1-mediated collapsing glomerulopathy due to interferon treatment and HIV infection, respectively, often resolve with cessation of interferon or antiretroviral therapy. Targeted therapies, including APOL1 small molecule inhibitors, APOL1 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and inhibitors of APOL1-associated inflammatory pathways, hold promise for these diseases. Evolving therapies and the need for clinical trials support the importance of increased use of APOL1 genotyping and kidney biopsy. SUMMARY APOL1-associated nephropathy includes a group of related phenotypes that are driven by the same two genetic variants in APOL1. Clinical trials of small molecule inhibitors, ASO, and inflammatory pathway inhibitors may improve outcomes in patients with primary forms of APOL1-associated nephropathy.
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Mayanja R, Kintu C, Diabate O, Soremekun O, Oluwagbemi OO, Wele M, Kalyesubula R, Jjingo D, Chikowore T, Fatumo S. Molecular Dynamic Simulation Reveals Structure Differences in APOL1 Variants and Implication in Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1460. [PMID: 36011371 PMCID: PMC9408642 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to observational studies, two polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene have been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Africans. One polymorphism involves the substitution of two amino-acid residues (S342G and I384M; known as G1), while the other involves the deletion of two amino-acid residues in a row (N388 and Y389; termed G2). Despite the strong link between APOL1 polymorphisms and kidney disease, the molecular mechanisms via which these APOL1 mutations influence the onset and progression of CKD remain unknown. METHODS To predict the active site and allosteric site on the APOL1 protein, we used the Computed Atlas of Surface Topography of Proteins (CASTp) and the Protein Allosteric Sites Server (PASSer). Using an extended molecular dynamics simulation, we investigated the characteristic structural perturbations in the 3D structures of APOL1 variants. RESULTS According to CASTp's active site characterization, the topmost predicted site had a surface area of 964.892 Å2 and a pocket volume of 900.792 Å3. For the top three allosteric pockets, the allostery probability was 52.44%, 46.30%, and 38.50%, respectively. The systems reached equilibrium in about 125 ns. From 0-100 ns, there was also significant structural instability. When compared to G1 and G2, the wildtype protein (G0) had overall high stability throughout the simulation. The root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) of wildtype and variant protein backbone Cα fluctuations revealed that the Cα of the variants had a large structural fluctuation when compared to the wildtype. CONCLUSION Using a combination of different computational techniques, we identified binding sites within the APOL1 protein that could be an attractive site for potential inhibitors of APOL1. Furthermore, the G1 and G2 mutations reduced the structural stability of APOL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mayanja
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe 31405, Uganda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 10101, Uganda
| | - Christopher Kintu
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe 31405, Uganda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 10101, Uganda
| | - Oudou Diabate
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe 31405, Uganda
- African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics (ACE-B), University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako 3206, Mali
| | - Opeyemi Soremekun
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe 31405, Uganda
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | | | - Mamadou Wele
- African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics (ACE-B), University of Science, Technique and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako 3206, Mali
| | - Robert Kalyesubula
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Physiology, Makerere University, Kampala 10101, Uganda
| | - Daudi Jjingo
- African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics (ACE-B), Makerere University, Kampala 10101, Uganda
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe 31405, Uganda
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology (NCDE), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Exosomal DNMT1 mRNA transcript is elevated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia which might reprograms leukemia progression. Cancer Genet 2021; 260-261:57-64. [PMID: 34426211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNMT1 (DNA-methyltransferase 1) is an enzyme which contributes to the process of normal embryonic development, and aberrant expression of DNMT1 leads to tumor/leukemia progression by inducing significant changes in DNA methylation and epigenetics. We found that DNMT1 mRNA transcript is elevated in Exo-PALL compared to Exo-HD. We also confirmed and showed heightened levels of DNMT1 mRNA transcript in Exo-CM of leukemia cell lines. Co-culture of Exo-PALL with target cells (leukemia B cells) showed transfer of exosomal DNMT1 mRNA transcript into the target cells, which may reprogram the biological nature of normal healthy cells and leukemia cells.
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Haque S, Vaiselbuh SR. CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Exosome Targets CD19 Positive B-lineage Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Induces Cytotoxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1401. [PMID: 33808645 PMCID: PMC8003442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy is not without some clinical adverse effects, namely cytokine storms, due to a massive release of cytokines when CAR-T cells multiply in the body. Our goal was to develop exosomes expressing CD19 CAR to treat CD19-positive B-cell malignancies, instead of using whole CD19 CAR-T cells, thereby reducing the clinical risk of uncontrolled cytokine storms. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles (30-150 nm), composed of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, that carry the fingerprint of their parent cells. Exosomes are a preferred delivery system in nano-immunotherapy. Here, HEK293T parent cells were transduced with CD19 CAR plasmids and cellular CD19 CAR expression was confirmed. Exosomes (Exo-CD19 CAR) were isolated from the conditioned medium of non-transduced (WT) and CD19 CAR plasmid transduced HEK293T cells. Consequently, CD19 B-lineage leukemia cell lines were co-cultured with Exo-CD19 CAR and cell death was measured. Our data show that Exo-CD19 CAR treatment induced cytotoxicity and elevated pro-apoptotic genes in CD19-positive leukemia B-cells without inducing cell death in CD19-negative cells. Overall, the novel CD19 CAR exosomes target the CD19 surface antigens of leukemic B-cells and can induce contact-dependent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabirul Haque
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
| | - Sarah R. Vaiselbuh
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
- Monsey Health Center, 40 Robert Pitt Drive, Monsey, NY 10952, USA
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Scales SJ, Gupta N, De Mazière AM, Posthuma G, Chiu CP, Pierce AA, Hötzel K, Tao J, Foreman O, Koukos G, Oltrabella F, Klumperman J, Lin W, Peterson AS. Apolipoprotein L1-Specific Antibodies Detect Endogenous APOL1 inside the Endoplasmic Reticulum and on the Plasma Membrane of Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2044-2064. [PMID: 32764142 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOL1 is found in human kidney podocytes and endothelia. Variants G1 and G2 of the APOL1 gene account for the high frequency of nondiabetic CKD among African Americans. Proposed mechanisms of kidney podocyte cytotoxicity resulting from APOL1 variant overexpression implicate different subcellular compartments. It is unclear where endogenous podocyte APOL1 resides, because previous immunolocalization studies utilized overexpressed protein or commercially available antibodies that crossreact with APOL2. This study describes and distinguishes the locations of both APOLs. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, confocal and immunoelectron microscopy, and podocyte fractionation localized endogenous and transfected APOL1 using a large panel of novel APOL1-specific mouse and rabbit monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Both endogenous podocyte and transfected APOL1 isoforms vA and vB1 (and a little of isoform vC) localize to the luminal face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to the cell surface, but not to mitochondria, endosomes, or lipid droplets. In contrast, APOL2, isoform vB3, and most vC of APOL1 localize to the cytoplasmic face of the ER and are consequently absent from the cell surface. APOL1 knockout podocytes do not stain for APOL1, attesting to the APOL1-specificity of the antibodies. Stable re-transfection of knockout podocytes with inducible APOL1-G0, -G1, and -G2 showed no differences in localization among variants. CONCLUSIONS APOL1 is found in the ER and plasma membrane, consistent with either the ER stress or surface cation channel models of APOL1-mediated cytotoxicity. The surface localization of APOL1 variants potentially opens new therapeutic targeting avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie J Scales
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California .,Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California.,Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Ann M De Mazière
- Section of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George Posthuma
- Section of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia P Chiu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew A Pierce
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kathy Hötzel
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jianhua Tao
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Oded Foreman
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Georgios Koukos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Judith Klumperman
- Section of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - WeiYu Lin
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew S Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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Jha A, Kumar V, Haque S, Ayasolla K, Saha S, Lan X, Malhotra A, Saleem MA, Skorecki K, Singhal PC. Alterations in plasma membrane ion channel structures stimulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in APOL1 risk milieu. FEBS J 2019; 287:2000-2022. [PMID: 31714001 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated alterations in the structural configurations of channels and activation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation in apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk and nonrisk milieus. APOL1G1- and APOL1G2-expressing podocytes (PD) displayed enhanced K+ efflux, induction of pyroptosis, and escalated transcription of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. APOL1G1- and APOL1G2-expressing PD promoted the transcription as well as translation of proteins involved in the formation of inflammasomes. Since glyburide (a specific inhibitor of K+ efflux channels) inhibited the transcription of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18, the role of K+ efflux in the activation of inflammasomes in APOL1 risk milieu was implicated. To evaluate the role of structural alterations in K+ channels in plasma membranes, bioinformatics studies, including molecular dynamic simulation, were carried out. Superimposition of bioinformatics reconstructions of APOL1G0, G1, and G2 showed several aligned regions. The analysis of pore-lining residues revealed that Ser342 and Tyr389 are involved in APOL1G0 pore formation and the altered conformations resulting from the Ser342Gly and Ile384Met mutation in the case of APOLG1 and deletion of the Tyr389 residue in the case of APOL1G2 are expected to alter pore characteristics, including K+ ion selectivity. Analysis of multiple membrane (lipid bilayer) models of interaction with the peripheral protein, integral membrane protein, and multimer protein revealed that for an APOL1 multimer model, APOL1G0 is not energetically favorable while the APOL1G1 and APOL1G2 moieties favor the insertion of multiple ion channels into the lipid bilayer. We conclude that altered pore configurations carry the potential to facilitate K+ ion transport in APOL1 risk milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Jha
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-North Well, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-North Well, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Shabirul Haque
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-North Well, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kamesh Ayasolla
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-North Well, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Shourav Saha
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-North Well, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Xiqian Lan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-North Well, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-North Well, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Karl Skorecki
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-North Well, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Kumar V, Paliwal N, Ayasolla K, Vashistha H, Jha A, Chandel N, Chowdhary S, Saleem MA, Malhotra A, Chander PN, Skorecki K, Singhal PC. Disruption of APOL1-miR193a Axis Induces Disorganization of Podocyte Actin Cytoskeleton. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3582. [PMID: 30837512 PMCID: PMC6401370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
APOL1-miR193a axis participates in the preservation of molecular phenotype of differentiated podocytes (DPDs). We examined the hypothesis that APOL1 (G0) preserves, but APOL1 risk alleles (G1 and G2) disrupt APOL1-miR193a axis in DPDs. DPDG0s displayed down-regulation of miR193a, but upregulation of nephrin expression. DPDG1s/G2s exhibited an increase in miR193a and down-regulation of the expression of adherens complex's constituents (CD2AP, nephrin, and dendrin). DPDG0s showed decreased Cathepsin L, enhanced dynamin expressions, and the intact actin cytoskeleton. On the contrary, DPDG1s/G2s displayed an increase in Cathepsin L, but down-regulation of dynamin expressions and disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. APOL1 silencing enhanced miR193a and Cathepsin L, but down-regulated dynamin expressions. DPDG1s/G2s displayed nuclear import of dendrin, indicating an occurrence of destabilization of adherens complexes in APOL1 risk milieu. These findings suggest that DPDG1s and DPDG2s developed disorganized actin cytoskeleton as a consequence of disrupted APOL1-miR193a axis. Interestingly, docking and co-labeling studies suggested an interaction between APOL1 and CD2AP. APOL1G1/G1 and APOL1G1/G2 transgenic mice displayed nuclear import of dendrin indicating destabilization of adherens complexes in podocytes; moreover, these mice showed a four-fold increase in urinary albumin to creatinine ratio and development of focal segmental glomerular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, New York, USA
| | - Nitpriya Paliwal
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, New York, USA
| | - Kamesh Ayasolla
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, New York, USA
| | | | - Alok Jha
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, New York, USA
| | - Nirupama Chandel
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, New York, USA
| | - Sheetal Chowdhary
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, New York, USA
| | | | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, New York, USA
| | | | - Karl Skorecki
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, and Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, New York, USA.
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Alladagbin DJ, Fernandes PN, Tavares MB, Brito JT, Oliveira GGS, Silva LK, Khouri NA, Oliveira MB, Amorim T, Matos CM, Ribeiro GS, Lopes AA, Gonçalves MS, dos-Santos WLC. The sickle cell trait and end stage renal disease in Salvador, Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209036. [PMID: 30557319 PMCID: PMC6296547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carriers of the sickle cell trait (HbAS) usually remain asymptomatic. However, under conditions of low tissue oxygenation, red blood cell sickling and vascular obstruction may develop. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can arise from conditions promoting low-oxygen in kidney tissue, which may be aggravated by the presence of the sickle cell trait. In addition, CKD can arise from other genetic traits. Aim To compare the frequency of HbAS among hemodialysis patients and the general newborn population of Salvador (Bahia-Brazil), as well as to investigate the frequencies of apolipoprotein L1 risk variants in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods A cross-sectional study included 306 patients with ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease) on hemodialysis for no more than three years. Hemoglobin profiles were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. To estimate the sickle cell trait frequency in the general population of Salvador, we analyzed data collected by a local neonatal screening program between 2011 and 2016. To exclude the potential contributing effect of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene variants, we performed genotyping by PCR and DNA sequencing of 45 patients. Results The frequency of HbAS was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients (9.8%) than in the general population (4.6%): Odds Ratio = 2.32 (95% CI = 1.59–3.38). No differences in demographic, clinical or laboratory data were found among patients with or without the sickle cell trait. The frequency of patients with none, one or two APOL1 risk haplotypes (G1 and G2) for CKD were 80%, 18% and 2%, respectively. Conclusions The frequency of the sickle cell trait is higher in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis compared to the general population. APOL1 haplotypes do not seem to be the determinant of ESRD in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana Amorim
- Serviço de Referência em Triagem Neonatal—SRTN, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Marilda S. Gonçalves
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Kumar V, Vashistha H, Lan X, Chandel N, Ayasolla K, Shoshtari SSM, Aslam R, Paliwal N, Abbruscato F, Mikulak J, Popik W, Atta MG, Chander PN, Malhotra A, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Skorecki K, Singhal PC. Role of Apolipoprotein L1 in Human Parietal Epithelial Cell Transition. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2508-2528. [PMID: 30201495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are progenitor cells that sustain podocyte homeostasis. We hypothesized that the lack of apolipoprotein (APO) L1 ensures the PEC phenotype, but its induction initiates PEC transition (expression of podocyte markers). APOL1 expression and down-regulation of miR193a coincided with the expression of podocyte markers during the transition. The induction of APOL1 also stimulated transition markers in human embryonic kidney cells (cells with undetectable APOL1 protein expression). APOL1 silencing in PECs up-regulated miR193a expression, suggesting the possibility of a reciprocal feedback relationship between APOL1 and miR193a. HIV, interferon-γ, and vitamin D receptor agonist down-regulated miR193a expression and induced APOL1 expression along with transition markers in PECs. Luciferase assay suggested a putative interaction between miR193a and APOL1. Since silencing of APOL1 attenuated HIV-, vitamin D receptor agonist-, miR193a inhibitor-, and interferon-γ-induced expression of transition markers, APOL1 appears to be a critical functional constituent of the miR193a- APOL1 axis in PECs. This notion was confirmed by further enhanced expression of PEC markers in APOL1 mRNA-silenced PECs. In vivo studies, glomeruli in patients with HIV, and HIV/APOL1 transgenic mice had foci of PECs expressing synaptopodin, a transition marker. APOL1 likely regulates PEC molecular phenotype through modulation of miR193a expression, and APOL1 and miR193a share a reciprocal feedback relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Himanshu Vashistha
- Institute of Translational Research, the Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Xiqian Lan
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Nirupama Chandel
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Kamesh Ayasolla
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Seyedeh Shadafarin Marashi Shoshtari
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Nitpriya Paliwal
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - Frank Abbruscato
- Institute of Translational Research, the Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Waldemar Popik
- Health Disparities and HIV, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mohamed G Atta
- Nephrogy Division, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Praveen N Chander
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | | | - Karl Skorecki
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Immunology and Inflammation Center, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Manhasset, New York.
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11
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Transcription and translation of APOL1 variants. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170647. [PMID: 28842513 PMCID: PMC5635210 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is highly important to document the molecular alterations existing in normal cells prior to the onset of any disease. Knowledge of genetic mutations and associated molecular mechanisms will be helpful for better diagnosis and management of disease. The major focus of this commentary on providing understanding about the apolipoprotein 1 (APOL1) gene, the protein encoded by this gene (apoL1) and the mechanistic details regarding the role of apoL1 in the lysis of Trypanosoma brucei. Information about APOL1 genetic variants, APOL1G1 and APOL1G2, is provided along with the association of these variants with hypertension-attributed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Moreover, this commentary presents a brief overview of how the authors of a recent Bioscience Reports article [Haque et al (2017) 37, BSR20160531, doi: 10.1042/BSR20160531] have evaluated the functional impact of G1 and G2 alleles on the transcription and translation of APOL1 mRNA.
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