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Buch AM, Liston C, Grosenick L. Simple and Scalable Algorithms for Cluster-Aware Precision Medicine. PROCEEDINGS OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH 2024; 238:136-144. [PMID: 39015742 PMCID: PMC11251711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
AI-enabled precision medicine promises a transformational improvement in healthcare outcomes. However, training on biomedical data presents significant challenges as they are often high dimensional, clustered, and of limited sample size. To overcome these challenges, we propose a simple and scalable approach for cluster-aware embedding that combines latent factor methods with a convex clustering penalty in a modular way. Our novel approach overcomes the complexity and limitations of current joint embedding and clustering methods and enables hierarchically clustered principal component analysis (PCA), locally linear embedding (LLE), and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Through numerical experiments and real-world examples, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms fourteen clustering methods on highly underdetermined problems (e.g., with limited sample size) as well as on large sample datasets. Importantly, our approach does not require the user to choose the desired number of clusters, yields improved model selection if they do, and yields interpretable hierarchically clustered embedding dendrograms. Thus, our approach improves significantly on existing methods for identifying patient subgroups in multiomics and neuroimaging data and enables scalable and interpretable biomarkers for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Buch
- Dept. of Psychiatry & BMRI, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University
| | - Conor Liston
- Dept. of Psychiatry & BMRI, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University
| | - Logan Grosenick
- Dept. of Psychiatry & BMRI, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University
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2
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Kwiatkowski M, Krajewski A, Durślewicz J, Buchholz K, Grzanka D, Gagat M, Zabrzyński J, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A. Overexpression of cyclin F/CCNF as an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9280. [PMID: 38654021 PMCID: PMC11039610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin F (encoded by CCNF gene) has been reported to be implicated in the pathobiology of several human cancers. However, its potential clinical significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential significance of cyclin F, assessed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and molecular (bioinformatics) techniques, as a prognostic marker in ccRCC in relation to clinicopathological features and outcomes. IHC staining was performed using two independent ccRCC tissue array cohorts, herein called tissue macroarray (TMA)_1 and tissue microarray (TMA)_2, composed of 108 ccRCCs and 37 histologically normal tissues adjacent to the tumor (NAT) and 192 ccRCCs and 16 normal kidney samples, respectively. The mRNA expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public datasets, followed by bioinformatics analysis of biological mechanisms underlying prognosis. The relationship between immune cell infiltration level and CCNF expression in ccRCC was investigated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2). Cyclin F expression was significantly elevated in ccRCC lesions compared to both NAT and normal renal tissues. Likewise, CCNF mRNA was markedly increased in ccRCCs relative to non-cancerous tissues. In all analyzed cohorts, tumors with features of more aggressive behavior were more likely to display cyclin F/CCNF-high expression than low. Furthermore, patients with high cyclin F/CCNF expression had shorter overall survival (OS) times than those with low expression. In addition, multivariable analysis revealed that cyclin F/CCNF-high expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS in ccRCC. Enrichment analysis for mechanistically relevant processes showed that CCNF and its highly correlated genes initiate the signaling pathways that eventually result in uncontrolled cell proliferation. CCNF expression was also correlated with immune cell infiltration and caused poor outcomes depending on the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in ccRCC. Our findings suggest that cyclin F/CCNF expression is likely to have an essential role in ccRCC pathobiology through regulating multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and affecting the tumor immune microenvironment and may serve as prognostic biomarker and promising therapeutic target in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kwiatkowski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Multidisciplinary Hospital of Ludwik Blażek, Inowrocław, Poland
| | - Adrian Krajewski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy, Płock, Poland
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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3
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Zhuang M, Li F, Liang H, Su Y, Cheng L, Lin B, Zhou J, Deng R, Chen L, Lyu P, Lu Z. Targeting RCC1 to block the human soft-tissue sarcoma by disrupting nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of Skp2. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:241. [PMID: 38561375 PMCID: PMC10985091 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) emerges as formidable challenges in clinics due to the complex genetic heterogeneity, high rates of local recurrence and metastasis. Exploring specific targets and biomarkers would benefit the prognosis and treatment of STS. Here, we identified RCC1, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Ran, as an oncogene and a potential intervention target in STS. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that RCC1 is highly expressed and correlated with poor prognosis in STS. Functional studies showed that RCC1 knockdown significantly inhibited the cell cycle transition, proliferation and migration of STS cells in vitro, and the growth of STS xenografts in mice. Mechanistically, we identified Skp2 as a downstream target of RCC1 in STS. Loss of RCC1 substantially diminished Skp2 abundance by compromising its protein stability, resulting in the upregulation of p27Kip1 and G1/S transition arrest. Specifically, RCC1 might facilitate the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of Skp2 via direct interaction. As a result, the cytoplasmic retention of Skp2 would further protect it from ubiquitination and degradation. Notably, recovery of Skp2 expression largely reversed the phenotypes induced by RCC1 knockdown in STS cells. Collectively, this study unveils a novel RCC1-Skp2-p27Kip1 axis in STS oncogenesis, which holds promise for improving prognosis and treatment of this formidable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhuang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Fengyue Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yongfu Su
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Bingkai Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Runzhi Deng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Linying Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lyu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Zhonglei Lu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
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4
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Yang M, Niu C. KLF9‑regulated FBXO31 inhibits the progression of endometrial cancer and enhances the sensitivity of endometrial cancer cells to cisplatin. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:54. [PMID: 38234628 PMCID: PMC10790170 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies with an increasing annual incidence. F-box only protein 31 (FBXO31) plays a significant regulatory role in several types of cancer. The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) of FBXO31 is reduced in EC as a tumor suppressor. However, their particular regulatory role and mechanism in EC have not been previously reported. Therefore, the UALCAN database was used to predict the expression levels of FBXO31 in EC. In addition, the regulatory effect of FBXO31 on EC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis and cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity was investigated at the cellular level. The association between KLF9 and FBXO31 was predicted using the JASPAR database and verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, the regulatory effects of KLF9 and FBXO31 overexpression or silencing were also explored. The results demonstrated that FBXO31 was poorly expressed in EC. Additionally, FBXO31 overexpression inhibited the malignant progression of EC cells and enhanced their sensitivity to DDP. Furthermore, KLF9 promoted FBXO31 transcription. Overall, the present study suggested that the KLF9-mediated regulation of FBXO31 could inhibit the progression of EC and enhance the sensitivity of EC cells to DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases (Fever Clinic), Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Changmin Niu
- School of Nursing, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
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5
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Gupta SRR, Mittal P, Kundu B, Singh A, Singh IK. Silibinin: an inhibitor for a high-expressed BCL-2A1/BFL1 protein, linked with poor prognosis in breast cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37837418 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2268176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) accounts for 30% of all diagnosed cases of cancer in women and remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The current study looks for a protein from the anti-apoptotic/pro-survival BCL-2 family whose overexpression reduces survivability in BC patients and a potential inhibitor for the protein. We found BCL-2A1/BFL1 protein with high expression linked to low survivability in BC. The protein shows prognosis in 8 out of 29 categories, whereas no other family member manifests this property. Out of 7379 compounds, three small molecules (CHEMBL9509, CHEMBL2104550 and CHEMBL3545011) form an H-bond with BCL-2A1/BFL1 protein's unique residue Cys55. Of the three small molecules, we found CHEMBL9509 (Silibinin) to be a potent inhibitor. The compound forms a stable H-bond with the residue Cys55 with the lowest binding energy compared to the other two compounds. It remains stable in the BH3 binding region for more than 100 ns, whereas the other two detach from the region. Additionally, the compound is found to be better than Venetoclax and Nematoclax. We firmly believe in the compound CHEMBL9509 potency to halt BC's progression by inhibiting the BCL-2A1/BFL1 protein, increasing patients' survivability.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradheya R R Gupta
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Institute of Eminence, Delhi School of Public Health, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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6
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Chen S, Lin J, Zhao J, Lin Q, Liu J, Wang Q, Mui R, Ma L. FBXW7 attenuates tumor drug resistance and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1147239. [PMID: 36998461 PMCID: PMC10043335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1147239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXW7 (F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7) is a critical subunit of the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein (SCF), acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase by ubiquitinating targeted protein. Through degradation of its substrates, FBXW7 plays a pivotal role in drug resistance in tumor cells and shows the potential to rescue the sensitivity of cancer cells to drug treatment. This explains why patients with higher FBXW7 levels exhibit higher survival times and more favorable prognosis. Furthermore, FBXW7 has been demonstrated to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy by targeting the degradation of specific proteins, as compared to the inactivated form of FBXW7. Additionally, other F-box proteins have also shown the ability to conquer drug resistance in certain cancers. Overall, this review aims to explore the function of FBXW7 and its specific effects on drug resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jichun Lin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ryan Mui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Leina Ma
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Leina Ma,
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7
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The cancer-testis antigen FBXO39 predicts poor prognosis and is associated with stemness and aggressiveness in glioma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 239:154168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Liu NQ, Cao WH, Wang X, Chen J, Nie J. Cyclin genes as potential novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:374. [PMID: 36238849 PMCID: PMC9494629 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Qiu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Han Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Junyao Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Jianyun Nie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
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9
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Risk Stratification for Breast Cancer Patient by Simultaneous Learning of Molecular Subtype and Survival Outcome Using Genetic Algorithm-Based Gene Set Selection. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174120. [PMID: 36077657 PMCID: PMC9454699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patient stratification is clinically important because it allows us to understand the characteristics and establish treatment strategies for a group. Transcriptomic data play an important role in determining molecular subtypes and predicting survival. In the case of breast cancer, although the order of prognosis according to molecular subtypes is well known, there is heterogeneity even within a subtype. Therefore, patient stratification considering both molecular subtypes and survival outcomes is required. In this study, a methodology to handle this problem is presented. A genetic algorithm is used to select a set of genes, and a risk score is assigned to each patient using their expression level. According to the risk score, patients are ordered and stratified considering molecular subtypes and survival outcomes. Consequently, informative genes for patient stratification with respect to both aspects could be nominated, and the usefulness of the risk score was shown through comparison with other indicators. Abstract Patient stratification is a clinically important task because it allows us to establish and develop efficient treatment strategies for particular groups of patients. Molecular subtypes have been successfully defined using transcriptomic profiles, and they are used effectively in clinical practice, e.g., PAM50 subtypes of breast cancer. Survival prediction contributed to understanding diseases and also identifying genes related to prognosis. It is desirable to stratify patients considering these two aspects simultaneously. However, there are no methods for patient stratification that consider molecular subtypes and survival outcomes at once. Here, we propose a methodology to deal with the problem. A genetic algorithm is used to select a gene set from transcriptome data, and their expression quantities are utilized to assign a risk score to each patient. The patients are ordered and stratified according to the score. A gene set was selected by our method on a breast cancer cohort (TCGA-BRCA), and we examined its clinical utility using an independent cohort (SCAN-B). In this experiment, our method was successful in stratifying patients with respect to both molecular subtype and survival outcome. We demonstrated that the orders of patients were consistent across repeated experiments, and prognostic genes were successfully nominated. Additionally, it was observed that the risk score can be used to evaluate the molecular aggressiveness of individual patients.
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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Fbxo4 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor: Its Biological Importance and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092133. [PMID: 35565262 PMCID: PMC9101129 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fbxo4 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that requires the formation of a complex with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 and Cullin1 to catalyze the ubiquitylation of its substrates. Moreover, Fbxo4 depends on the existence of posttranslational modifications and/or co-factor to be activated to perform its biological functions. The well-known Fbxo4 substrates have oncogenic or oncogene-like activities, for example, cyclin D1, Trf1/Pin2, p53, Fxr1, Mcl-1, ICAM-1, and PPARγ; therefore, Fbxo4 is defined as a tumor suppressor. Biologically, Fbxo4 regulates cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, tumor metabolism, cellular senescence, metastasis and tumor cells’ response to chemotherapeutic compounds. Clinicopathologically, the expression of Fbxo4 is associated with patients’ prognosis depending on different tumor types. Regarding to its complicated regulation, more in-depth studies are encouraged to dissect the detailed molecular mechanisms to facilitate developing new treatment through targeting Fbxo4. Abstract Fbxo4, also known as Fbx4, belongs to the F-box protein family with a conserved F-box domain. Fbxo4 can form a complex with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 and Cullin1 to perform its biological functions. Several proteins are identified as Fbxo4 substrates, including cyclin D1, Trf1/Pin2, p53, Fxr1, Mcl-1, ICAM-1, and PPARγ. Those factors can regulate cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, survival/apoptosis, and migration/invasion, highlighting their oncogenic or oncogene-like activities. Therefore, Fbxo4 is defined as a tumor suppressor. The biological functions of Fbxo4 make it a potential candidate for developing new targeted therapies. This review summarizes the gene and protein structure of Fbxo4, the mechanisms of how its expression and activity are regulated, and its substrates, biological functions, and clinicopathological importance in human cancers.
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11
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Gao J, Yang D, Cao R, Huang H, Ma J, Wang Z, Xia J, Pan X. The role of Fbxo5 in the development of human malignant tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1456-1464. [PMID: 35530293 PMCID: PMC9077063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fbxo5 (F-Box only protein 5), as a substrate recognition subunit of SCF (SKP1-Cullin1-Fbox) protein, plays a crucial role in various cellular processes through ubiquitination and degradation of multiple proteins. In recent years, many studies have pointed out that Fbxo5 is critically involved in carcinogenesis. Moreover, targeting Fbxo5 could have a therapeutic potential for cancer therapy. This review focuses on the functions of Fbxo5 in various types of human malignancies and its underlying molecular mechanisms. This review might lay the foundation for enhancing future investigation on Fbxo5 functions in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gao
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoxue Cao
- Department of Laboratory, Lianyungang Second People’s HospitalLianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Xueshan Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030, Anhui, China
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12
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Khan AQ, Al-Tamimi M, Uddin S, Steinhoff M. F-box proteins in cancer stemness: An emerging prognostic and therapeutic target. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2905-2914. [PMID: 34265459 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex heterogenic disease with significant therapeutic challenges. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer tissue orchestrates tumor growth, progression, and metastasis, the tumor heterogeneity, disease relapse, and therapeutic resistance. Hence, it is imperative to explore how progenitor or cancer-initiating cells acquire stemness features and reprogram different biological mechanisms to maintain their sustained oncogenicity. Interestingly, deregulation of F-box proteins (FBPs) is crucial for cancer stemness features, including drug resistance and disease relapse. In this review, we highlight recent updates on the clinical significance of targeting FBPs in cancer therapy, with emphasis on eliminating CSCs and associated therapeutic challenges. Moreover, we also discuss novel strategies for the selective elimination of CSCs by targeting FBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Maha Al-Tamimi
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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13
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Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Buchholz K, Neska-Długosz I, Durślewicz J, Grzanka D, Zabrzyński J, Sopońska P, Grzanka A, Gagat M. Expression of Genomic Instability-Related Molecules: Cyclin F, RRM2 and SPDL1 and Their Prognostic Significance in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:859. [PMID: 33670609 PMCID: PMC7922901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to assess the selected components of cell cycle machinery, checkpoint, DNA repair, and synthesis, namely RRM2, cyclin F, and SPDL1 in pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PAC) by in-house immunohistochemistry (IHC) and bioinformatic analysis of public datasets, in terms of expression, correlation with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. Sixty eight patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were included in our cohort study, and IHC was performed on tissue macroarrays. RNA-Seq-based transcriptome data for 177 PACs were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found cyclin F, RRM2, and SPDL1 to be overexpressed at both protein and mRNA levels in tumor tissues compared to respective controls. Based on TCGA dataset, we have demonstrated that CCNF, RRM2, and SPDL1 are potent independent prognostic markers for poor overall survival, both by themselves and even more in combination with each other. Furthermore, high CCNF mRNA expression was associated with features of cancer progression. By contrast, overexpression of cyclin F or SPDL1 proteins denoted a good prognosis in PDAC patients; however, in the case of the former protein, the results did not reach statistical significance. Specifically, high levels of SPDL1 protein emerged as the most powerful independent prognostic factor associated with a better outcome. If validated, the CCNF/RRM2/SPDL1 three-gene panel developed in this study, as well as SPDL1 protein, may provide significant clinical implications for the prognosis prediction of PAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Karolina Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Izabela Neska-Długosz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.B.); (I.N.-D.); (J.D.); (D.G.); (J.Z.)
- Department of General Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Oncology and Trauma Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Sopońska
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.G.); (M.G.)
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14
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Edlund K, Madjar K, Lebrecht A, Aktas B, Pilch H, Hoffmann G, Hofmann M, Kolberg HC, Boehm D, Battista M, Seehase M, Stewen K, Gebhard S, Cadenas C, Marchan R, Brenner W, Hasenburg A, Koelbl H, Solbach C, Gehrmann M, Tanner B, Weber KE, Loibl S, Sachinidis A, Rahnenführer J, Schmidt M, Hengstler JG. Gene Expression-Based Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Early Breast Cancer: Results of the Prospective Multicenter EXPRESSION Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2148-2158. [PMID: 33542080 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Expression-based classifiers to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are not routinely used in the clinic. We aimed to build and validate a classifier for pCR after NACT. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a prospective multicenter study (EXPRESSION) including 114 patients treated with anthracycline/taxane-based NACT. Pretreatment core needle biopsies from 91 patients were used for gene expression analysis and classifier construction, followed by validation in five external cohorts (n = 619). RESULTS A 20-gene classifier established in the EXPRESSION cohort using a Youden index-based cut-off point predicted pCR in the validation cohorts with an accuracy, AUC, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.811, 0.768, 0.829, 0.587, 0.216, and 0.962, respectively. Alternatively, aiming for a high NPV by defining the cut-off point for classification based on the complete responder with the lowest predicted probability of pCR in the EXPRESSION cohort led to an NPV of 0.960 upon external validation. With this extreme-low cut-off point, a recommendation to not treat with anthracycline/taxane-based NACT would be possible for 121 of 619 unselected patients (19.5%) and 112 of 322 patients with luminal breast cancer (34.8%). The analysis of the molecular subtypes showed that the identification of patients who do not achieve a pCR by the 20-gene classifier was particularly relevant in luminal breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS The novel 20-gene classifier reliably identifies patients who do not achieve a pCR in about one third of luminal breast cancers in both the EXPRESSION and combined validation cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Edlund
- Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Madjar
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Antje Lebrecht
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henryk Pilch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Gerald Hoffmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Josefs-Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Manfred Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vinzenz von Paul Kliniken gGmbH Marienhospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Boehm
- Center of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Senology and Oncology, mic.ma.mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Battista
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Seehase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Stewen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gebhard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annette Hasenburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Koelbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Solbach
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Berno Tanner
- Practice for Gynecological Oncology, Hoen Neuendorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
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15
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Zhao D, Mu HJ, Shi HB, Bi HX, Jiang YF, Liu GH, Zheng HY, Liu B. Identification of therapeutic targets and mechanisms of tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung cancer using multiple-microarray analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22815. [PMID: 33126319 PMCID: PMC7598833 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer attributed to the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises 85% to 90% of lung cancers. The survival rate of patients with advanced stage NSCLC is in months. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain to be understood.We used 2 sets of microarray data in combination with various bioinformatic approaches to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NSCLC patients.We identified a total of 419 DEGs using the Limma package. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that "Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)," "RNA degradation," and "Pyrimidine metabolism" pathways were significantly enriched in the NSCLC samples. Gene Ontology annotations of the 419 DEGs primarily comprised "glycosaminoglycan binding," "cargo receptor activity," and "organic acid binding." Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in pathways related to "Malaria," "Cell cycle," and "IL-17 signaling pathway." Protein protein interaction network analysis showed that the hub genes constituted of CDK1, CDC20, BUB1, BUB1B, TOP2A, CCNA2, KIF20A, CCNB1, KIF2C, and NUSAP1.Taken together, the identified hub genes and pathways will help understand NSCLC tumorigenesis and develop prognostic markers and therapeutic targets against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai-Jun Mu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Hai Bing Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | | | - Yun Fei Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Guo Hua Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Hong Yan Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, PR China
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16
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Badraoui R, Rebai T, Elkahoui S, Alreshidi M, N. Veettil V, Noumi E, A. Al-Motair K, Aouadi K, Kadri A, De Feo V, Snoussi M. Allium subhirsutum L. as a Potential Source of Antioxidant and Anticancer Bioactive Molecules: HR-LCMS Phytochemical Profiling, In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1003. [PMID: 33081189 PMCID: PMC7602730 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated Allium subhirsutum L. (AS) anticancer and antioxidant effects and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in a murine model of skeletal metastases due to inoculation of Walker 256/B cells. Phytochemical composition of AS extract (ASE) was studied by High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (HR-LCMS). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) were determined. In vitro, the antioxidant properties were evaluated by reducing power and antiradical activity against DPPH. Cancer cells' proliferation, apoptosis, metastatic development and angiogenesis were evaluated using Walker 256/B and MatLyLu cells. The p-coumaric acid was the major phenolic acid (1700 µg/g extract). ASE showed high levels of TPC and TFC and proved potent antioxidant effects. ASE inhibited Walker 256/B and MatLyLu cells' proliferation (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration: IC50 ≃ 150 µg/mL) and induced apoptosis. In silico and in vivo assays confirmed these findings. ASE effectively acts as a chemo-preventive compound, induces apoptosis and attenuates angiogenesis and osteolytic metastases due to Walker 256/B malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (M.A.); (V.N.V.); (E.N.)
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007 La Rabta, Road Djebal Lakhdhar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Department of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Majida Boulia, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Department of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Majida Boulia, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Salem Elkahoui
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (M.A.); (V.N.V.); (E.N.)
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (M.A.); (V.N.V.); (E.N.)
| | - Vajid N. Veettil
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (M.A.); (V.N.V.); (E.N.)
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (M.A.); (V.N.V.); (E.N.)
- Laboratory of Bioressources: Integrative Biology & Recovery, High Institute of Biotechnology-University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Khaled A. Al-Motair
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kaïss Aouadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Adel Kadri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Albaha University, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1117, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia; (S.E.); (M.A.); (V.N.V.); (E.N.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioresources, High Institute of Biotechnology-University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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17
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Diosgenin Exerts Antitumor Activity via Downregulation of Skp2 in Breast Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8072639. [PMID: 32626765 PMCID: PMC7317312 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8072639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality in women. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) has been characterized to play an oncogenic role in the breast carcinogenesis and progression. Therefore, inactivation of Skp2 in breast cancer might be a novel approach for fighting breast malignancy. A natural compound diosgenin has been reported to exert anticancer activity in a variety of human cancers. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully determined. Methods In this study, we aim to explore whether diosgenin performed antitumor activity via inhibition of Skp2 in breast cancer cells using several methods including MTT, Transwell invasion assay, RT-PCR, western blotting, and transfection. Results We found that diosgenin inhibited cell viability and stimulated apoptosis. Moreover, we found that diosgenin reduced cell invasion in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, diosgenin inhibited the expression of Skp2 in breast cancer cells. Notably, diosgenin reduced cell viability and motility and induced apoptosis via suppression of Skp2 in breast cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings revealed that diosgenin could be a potential inhibitor of Skp2 for treating breast cancer.
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18
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Wang M, Yang C, Liu X, Zheng J, Xue Y, Ruan X, Shen S, Wang D, Li Z, Cai H, Liu Y. An upstream open reading frame regulates vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via ZNRD1-AS1/miR-499a-5p/ELF1/EMI1 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6120-6136. [PMID: 32368853 PMCID: PMC7294115 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that gliomas can supply blood through vasculogenic mimicry. In this study, the expression and function of ZNRD1‐AS1‐144aa‐uORF (144aa‐uORF) and some non‐coding RNAs in gliomas were assessed. Real‐time quantitative PCR or Western blot was used to discover the expression of 144aa‐uORF, ZNRD1‐AS1, miR‐499a‐5p, ELF1 and EMI1 in gliomas. In addition, RIP and RNA pull‐down assays were applied to explore the interrelationship between 144aa‐uORF and ZNRD1‐AS1. The role of the 144aa‐uORF\ZNRD1‐AS1\miR‐499a‐5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis in vasculogenic mimicry formation of gliomas was analysed. This study illustrates the reduced expression of the 144aa‐uORF in glioma tissues and cells. Up‐regulation of 144aa‐uORF inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry formation within glioma cells. The up‐regulated 144aa‐uORF can increase the degradation of ZNRD1‐AS1 through the nonsense‐mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway. Knockdown of ZNRD1‐AS1 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells by modulating miR‐499a‐5p. At the same time, miR‐499a‐5p is down‐regulated and has a tumour‐suppressive effect in gliomas. In addition, ZNRD1‐AS1 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and regulates the expression of ELF1 by binding to miR‐499a‐5p. Notably, ELF1 binds to the promoter region of EMI1 and up‐regulates EMI1 expression, while simultaneously promoting vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells. This study suggests that the 144aa‐uORF\ZNRD1‐AS1\miR‐499a‐5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis takes key part in regulating the formation of vasculogenic mimicry in gliomas and may provide a potential target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuelei Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyuan Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Wu J, Su HK, Yu ZH, Xi SY, Guo CC, Hu ZY, Qu Y, Cai HP, Zhao YY, Zhao HF, Chen FR, Huang YF, To SST, Feng BH, Sai K, Chen ZP, Wang J. Skp2 modulates proliferation, senescence and tumorigenesis of glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:71. [PMID: 32165861 PMCID: PMC7059397 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas represent the largest class of primary central nervous system neoplasms, many subtypes of which exhibit poor prognoses. Surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been used as a standard strategy but yielded unsatisfactory improvements in patient survival outcomes. The S-phase kinase protein 2 (Skp2), a critical component of the E3-ligase SCF complex, has been documented in tumorigenesis in various cancer types but its role in glioma has yet to be fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the function of Skp2 in the proliferation, stem cell maintenance, and drug sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) of glioma. Methods To investigate the role of Skp2 in the prognosis of patients with glioma, we first analyzed data in databases TCGA and GTEx. To further clarify the effect of Skp2 on glioma cell proliferation, we suppressed its level in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines through knockdown and small molecule inhibitors (lovastatin and SZL-P1-41). We then detected cell growth, colony formation, sphere formation, drug sensitivity, and in vivo tumor formation in xenograft mice model. Results Skp2 mRNA level was higher in both low-grade glioma and GBM than normal brain tissues. The knockdown of Skp2 increased cell sensitivity to TMZ, decreased cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In addition, Skp2 level was found increased upon stem cells enriching, while the knockdown of Skp2 led to reduced sphere numbers. Downregulation of Skp2 also induced senescence. Repurposing of lovastatin and novel compound SZL-P1-41 suppressed Skp2 effectively, and enhanced glioma cell sensitivity to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that Skp2 modulated glioma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, stem cell maintenance, and cell sensitivity to TMZ, which indicated that Skp2 could be a potential target for long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Kai Su
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yu
- 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yan Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Yu Hu
- 3Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410013 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Qu
- 4Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ping Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Fu Zhao
- 5Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fan Huang
- 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Shing-Shun Tony To
- 6Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Hong Feng
- 4Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People's Republic of China
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Cdh1-mediated Skp2 degradation by dioscin reprogrammes aerobic glycolysis and inhibits colorectal cancer cells growth. EBioMedicine 2019; 51:102570. [PMID: 31806563 PMCID: PMC7000337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The F-box protein S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is overexpressed and correlated with poor prognosis in human malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A natural product library was used for natural compound screening through glycolysis analysis. The expression of Skp2 in CRCs and the inhibitory effect of dioscin on glycolysis were examined through methods of immunoblot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining, anchorage-dependent and -independent growth assays, EdU incorporation assay, ubiquitination analysis, co-immunoprecipitation assay, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene knockout, and xenograft experiment. FINDINGS We demonstrated that Skp2 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Knockout of Skp2 inhibited HK2 and glycolysis and decreased CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We screened 88 commercially available natural products and found that dioscin, a natural steroid saponin derived from several plants, significantly inhibited glycolysis in CRC cells. Dioscin decreased the protein level of Skp2 by shortening the half-life of Skp2. Further study showed that dioscin attenuated Skp2 phosphorylation on S72 and promoted the interaction between Skp2 and Cdh1, which eventually enhanced Skp2 lysine 48 (K48)-linked polyubiquitination and degradation. Depletion of Cdh1 impaired dioscin-induced Skp2 reduction, rescued HK2 expression, and glycolysis in CRC cells. Finally, dioscin delayed the in vivo tumor growth, promoted Skp2 ubiquitination, and inhibited Skp2 expression in a mouse xenograft model. INTERPRETATION This study suggests that in addition to pharmacological inactivation of Skp2, enhancement of ubiquitination-dependent Skp2 turnover is a promising approach for cancer treatment.
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