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Shirley CA, Chhabra G, Amiri D, Chang H, Ahmad N. Immune escape and metastasis mechanisms in melanoma: breaking down the dichotomy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336023. [PMID: 38426087 PMCID: PMC10902921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal neoplasms of the skin. Despite the revolutionary introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, metastatic spread, and recurrence remain critical problems in resistant cases. Melanoma employs a multitude of mechanisms to subvert the immune system and successfully metastasize to distant organs. Concerningly, recent research also shows that tumor cells can disseminate early during melanoma progression and enter dormant states, eventually leading to metastases at a future time. Immune escape and metastasis have previously been viewed as separate phenomena; however, accumulating evidence is breaking down this dichotomy. Recent research into the progressive mechanisms of melanoma provides evidence that dedifferentiation similar to classical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), genes involved in neural crest stem cell maintenance, and hypoxia/acidosis, are important factors simultaneously involved in immune escape and metastasis. The likeness between EMT and early dissemination, and differences, also become apparent in these contexts. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms behind "dual drivers" simultaneously promoting metastatically inclined and immunosuppressive environments can yield novel strategies effective in disabling multiple facets of melanoma progression. Furthermore, understanding progression through these drivers may provide insight towards novel treatments capable of preventing recurrence arising from dormant dissemination or improving immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Shirley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Deeba Amiri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
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Zhang Y, Wang W, Duan C, Li M, Gao L. Novel Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) Transcript AL137782.1 Promotes the Migration of Normal Lung Epithelial Cells through Positively Regulating LMO7. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13904. [PMID: 37762205 PMCID: PMC10530982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) in biological processes remains poorly understood, despite their significant impact. Our previous research discovered that the expression of AL137782.1, a long transcript of the novel lncRNA ENSG00000261553, is upregulated in lung epithelial cells upon exposure to microbes. Furthermore, the expression of AL137782.1 exhibits variability between para-cancerous and lung adenocarcinoma samples. These findings imply that this lncRNA may play a role in both normal lung epithelial cellular processes and pathophysiology. To elucidate the function of AL137782.1 in lung epithelial cells, we utilized bioinformatics retrieval and analysis to examine its expression. We then analyzed its subcellular localization using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and subcellular fractionation. Through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we confirmed the presence of a 4401 nt lncRNA AL137782.1 in lung epithelial cells. Moreover, we discovered that this lncRNA positively regulates both mRNA and the protein expression of LMO7, a protein that may regulate the cell migration of normal lung epithelial cells. Although the overexpression of AL137782.1 has been shown to enhance the migration of both normal lung epithelial cells and lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, our study revealed that the expression of this lncRNA was significantly decreased in lung cancers compared to adjacent tissues. This suggests that the cell migration pattern regulated by the AL137782.1-LMO7 axis is more likely to occur in normal lung epithelial cells, rather than being a pathway that promotes lung cancer cell migration. Therefore, our study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying cell migration in human lung epithelial cells. This finding may offer a potential strategy to enhance normal lung epithelial cell migration after lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China; (Y.Z.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China; (Y.Z.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Chunchun Duan
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China; (Y.Z.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Min Li
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China; (Y.Z.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Liyang Gao
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China; (Y.Z.); (W.W.); (C.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750001, China
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3
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Saha D, Mitra D, Alam N, Sen S, Mustafi SM, Majumder PK, Majumder B, Murmu N. Lupeol and Paclitaxel cooperate in hindering hypoxia induced vasculogenic mimicry via suppression of HIF-1α-EphA2-Laminin-5γ2 network in human oral cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:591-608. [PMID: 36063341 PMCID: PMC10409936 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), defined as an endothelial cell independent alternative mechanism of blood and nutrient supply by dysregulated tumor cells, is associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here we aim to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of the synergistic effect of phytochemical Lupeol and standard microtubule inhibitor Paclitaxel in reversing the hypoxia induced VM formation in OSCC. The results demonstrated that the hypoxia induced upregulation of HIF-1α led to augmentation of signaling cascade associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and EMT phenotypes that are mechanistically linked to VM. Induction of HIF-1α altered the expression of EMT/CSC markers (E-Cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Twist and CD133) and enhanced the ability of cell migration/invasion and spheroid formation. Subsequently, the targeted knockdown of HIF-1α by siRNA led to the perturbation of matrigel mediated tube formation as well as of Laminin-5γ2 expression with the down-regulation of VE-Cadherin, total and phosphorylated (S-897) EphA2, pERK1/2 and MMP2. We also observed that Lupeol in association with Paclitaxel resulted to apoptosis and the disruption of VM associated phenotypes in vitro. We further validated the impact of this novel interventional approach in a patient derived tumor explant culture model of oral malignancy. The ex vivo tumor model mimicked the in vitro anti-VM potential of Lupeol-Paclitaxel combination through down-regulating HIF-1α/EphA2/Laminin-5γ2 cascade. Together, our findings elucidated mechanistic underpinning of hypoxia induced Laminin-5γ2 driven VM formation highlighting that Lupeol-Paclitaxel combination may serve as novel therapeutic intervention in perturbation of VM in human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depanwita Saha
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Debarpan Mitra
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Neyaz Alam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Sagar Sen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Saunak Mitra Mustafi
- Department of Pathology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Pradip K Majumder
- Department of Cancer Biology, Praesidia Biotherapeutics, 1167 Massachusetts Avenue, Arlington, MA, 02476, USA
| | - Biswanath Majumder
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Molecular Profiling and Molecular Pathology, Mitra Biotech, Bangalore, India
- Oncology Division, Bugworks Research, C-CAMP, Bangalore, India
| | - Nabendu Murmu
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India.
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KARABULUT UZUNÇAKMAK S, ŞAHİN A, TAVACI ÖZÇELİK A, HALICI Z. LRIG1 Levels in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1230714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Nasal polyps (NPs), usually occurring together with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), are benign masses of mucosal origin arising from inflammation. The transmembrane protein known as leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1) is a member of the Lrig family. Lrig1 is frequently expressed in the respiratory tract and epithelial tissues and can inhibit several signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine Lrig1 levels in NP tissues of patients with CRS.
Material and Methods: This study included 36 patients with CRS and NPs and 15 patients who underwent rhinoplasty as the control group. The Lrig1 levels of all participants were measured by the ELISA method.
Results: This study revealed that Lrig1 levels were significantly lower in NP tissues than in tissues of the control group. The mean level of Lrig1 of the NP tissues was 22.2 ng/ml, while the mean level of the control group was 28.5 ng/ml. According to the results of ROC analysis, Lrig1 levels have the power to distinguish polyp tissues from control tissues (AUC=0.794). Lrig1 levels were higher in tissues with scores of 4-8 than in tissues with scores of 16-20 based on the results of computed tomography scoring. According to endoscopic evaluations, Lrig1 levels of tissues with scores of 5-8 or 9-11 were relatively lower than those of tissues with scores of 2-4.
Conclusion: Lrig1 levels were found to be decreased in NP tissues. Thus, Lrig1 may be used to confirm the presence of NPs. Lrig1 may also be helpful in NP grading. Increasing the Lrig1 levels in cases of NPs has the potential to become a targetable treatment modality.
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Chen YF, Wu S, Li X, Chen M, Liao HF. Luteolin Suppresses Three Angiogenesis Modes and Cell Interaction in Uveal Melanoma in Vitro. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1590-1599. [PMID: 36214596 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2134426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveal melanoma is a high-vascularized tumor that lacks effective systemic therapies. Most anti-angiogenesis drug therapies only target endothelial cell-dependent angiogenesis but not vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which supplies blood to tumors independent of endothelial cells. Thus, we aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of luteolin on proliferation, migration, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and VM activity of uveal melanoma. We further explored the signaling pathway underlying the mechanism of action of luteolin. METHODS Monocultures of uveal melanoma C918 cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and co-cultures of these two cell lines were established. Angiogenesis of HUVECs, VM formation of C918 cells, and the mosaic vessels formed by both cell types were observed under an inverted microscope. Cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), wound scratch, Transwell cell migration, and invasion assays were performed. VEGF levels were detected by ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PI3K, p-PI3K P85, Akt, and p-Akt Ser473 proteins. RESULTS Luteolin inhibited all three modes of angiogenesis observed in uveal melanoma in vitro. Luteolin effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of C918 cells and proliferation and migration of HUVECs. Furthermore, luteolin could inhibit the interaction between the endothelial cells and C918 cells. VEGF secretion in C918 cells and HUVECs treated with luteolin was inhibited. Luteolin decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt kinase. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the anti-angiogenic effects of luteolin, including against the VM type, in addition to suppressing tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Furthermore, luteolin likely exerts its inhibitory effects via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Luteolin might be an effective therapeutic candidate for treating highly vascularized uveal melanoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Chen
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Nanchang, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Nanchang, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Fei Liao
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Nanchang, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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6
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Kang X, Xu E, Wang X, Qian L, Yang Z, Yu H, Wang C, Ren C, Wang Y, Lu X, Xia X, Guan W, Qiao T. Tenascin-c knockdown suppresses vasculogenic mimicry of gastric cancer by inhibiting ERK- triggered EMT. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:890. [PMID: 34588421 PMCID: PMC8481562 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is considered to be the leading cause for the failure of anti-angiogenesis therapy in advanced gastric cancer patients. In the present study, we investigate the role of tenascin-c (TNC) in the formation of VM in gastric cancer and found that TNC was upregulated in gastric cancer tissue than in the corresponding adjacent tissues and correlated with VM and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, knockdown of TNC significantly inhibited VM formation and proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, with a reduction in cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, TNC knockdown suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK and subsequently inhibited the process of EMT, both of which play an important role in VM formation. Our results indicated that TNC plays an important role in VM formation in gastric cancer. Combining inhibition of TNC and ERK may be a potential therapeutic approach to inhibit gastric cancer growth and metastasis and decrease antiangiogenic therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - En Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzhou Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanfu Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, China.
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Nisar MA, Zheng Q, Saleem MZ, Ahmmed B, Ramzan MN, Ud Din SR, Tahir N, Liu S, Yan Q. IL-1β Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry of Breast Cancer Cells Through p38/MAPK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. Front Oncol 2021; 11:618839. [PMID: 34055597 PMCID: PMC8160375 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.618839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a micro vessel-like structure formed by the cancer cells, plays a pivotal role in cancer malignancy and progression. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is an active pro-inflammatory cytokine and elevated in many tumor types, including breast cancer. However, the effect of IL-1β on the VM of breast cancer has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were used to study the effect of IL-1β on the changes that can promote VM. The evidence for VM stimulated by IL-1β was acquired by analyzing the expression of VM-associated biomarkers (VE-cadherin, VEGFR-1, MMP-9, MMP-2, c-Fos, and c-Jun) via western blot, immunofluorescent staining, and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, morphological evidence was collected via Matrigel-based cord formation assay under normoxic/hypoxic conditions and microvessel examination through Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (H&E). Furthermore, the STRING and Gene Ontology database was also used to analyze the VM-associated interacting molecules stimulated by IL-β. The results showed that the expression of VM biomarkers was increased in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after IL-1β treatment. The increase in VM response was observed in IL-1β treated cells under both normoxia and hypoxia. IL-1β also increased the activation of transcription factor AP-1 complex (c-Fos/c-Jun). The bioinformatics data indicated that p38/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were involved in the IL-1β stimulation. It was further confirmed by the downregulated expression of VM biomarkers and reduced formation of the intersections upon the addition of the signaling pathway inhibitors. The study suggests that IL-1β stimulates the VM and its associated events in breast cancer cells via p38/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Aiming the VM-associated molecular targets promoted by IL-1β may offer a novel anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategy to control the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar Nisar
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Saleem
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bulbul Ahmmed
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Muhammad Noman Ramzan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Syed Riaz Ud Din
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Naeem Tahir
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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D'Aguanno S, Mallone F, Marenco M, Del Bufalo D, Moramarco A. Hypoxia-dependent drivers of melanoma progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:159. [PMID: 33964953 PMCID: PMC8106186 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a condition of low oxygen availability, is a hallmark of tumour microenvironment and promotes cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Many studies reported the essential role of hypoxia in regulating invasiveness, angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry and response to therapy in melanoma. Melanoma is an aggressive cancer originating from melanocytes located in the skin (cutaneous melanoma), in the uveal tract of the eye (uveal melanoma) or in mucosal membranes (mucosal melanoma). These three subtypes of melanoma represent distinct neoplasms in terms of biology, epidemiology, aetiology, molecular profile and clinical features.In this review, the latest progress in hypoxia-regulated pathways involved in the development and progression of all melanoma subtypes were discussed. We also summarized current knowledge on preclinical studies with drugs targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1, angiogenesis or vasculogenic mimicry. Finally, we described available evidence on clinical studies investigating the use of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 inhibitors or antiangiogenic drugs, alone or in combination with other strategies, in metastatic and adjuvant settings of cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma.Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-independent pathways have been also reported to regulate melanoma progression, but this issue is beyond the scope of this review.As evident from the numerous studies discussed in this review, the increasing knowledge of hypoxia-regulated pathways in melanoma progression and the promising results obtained from novel antiangiogenic therapies, could offer new perspectives in clinical practice in order to improve survival outcomes of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Mallone
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marenco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040862. [PMID: 33918883 PMCID: PMC8070386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma growth, invasiveness, and response to therapy. Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of skin cancer. Currently employed treatments, including BRAF V600E inhibitors and immune therapy, often are not effective due to a rapidly developing drug resistance. A variety of intracellular mechanisms impeding the treatment were discovered. However, the tumor microenvironment encompassing stromal and immune cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical conditions such as oxygen level or acidity, may also influence the therapy effectiveness. Hypoxia and acidification are able to reprogram the metabolism of melanoma cells, enhance their survival and invasiveness, as well as promote the immunosuppressive environment. For this reason, these physicochemical features of the melanoma niche and signaling pathways related to them emerge as potential therapeutic targets.
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10
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Prognostic signature of lung adenocarcinoma based on stem cell-related genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1687. [PMID: 33462260 PMCID: PMC7814011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is characterized by high infiltration and rapid growth. The function of the stem cell population is to control and maintain cell regeneration. Therefore, it is necessary to study the prognostic value of stem cell-related genes in LUAD. Signature genes were screened out from 166 stem cell-related genes according to the least absolute shrinkage operator (LASSO) and subsequently multivariate Cox regression analysis, and then established risk model. Immune infiltration and nomogram model were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of signature. A signature consisting of 10 genes was used to dichotomize the LUAD patients into two groups (cutoff, 1.314), and then validated in GSE20319 and GSE42127. There was a significant correlation between signature and clinical characteristics. Patients with high-risk had a shorter overall survival. Furthermore, significant differences were found in multiple immune cells between the high-risk group and low-risk group. A high correlation was also reflected between signature and immune infiltration. What’s more, the signature could effectively predict the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with LUAD, and a nomogram based on signature might accurately predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD. The signature-based of stem cell-related genes might be contributed to predicting prognosis of patients with LUAD.
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11
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Ji Y, Kumar R, Gokhale A, Chao HP, Rycaj K, Chen X, Li Q, Tang DG. LRIG1, a regulator of stem cell quiescence and a pleiotropic feedback tumor suppressor. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 82:120-133. [PMID: 33476721 PMCID: PMC8286266 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LRIG1, leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1, was discovered more than 20 years ago and has been shown to be downregulated or lost, and to function as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. Another well-reported biological function of LRIG1 is to regulate and help enforce the quiescence of adult stem cells (SCs). In both contexts, LRIG1 regulates SC quiescence and represses tumor growth via, primarily, antagonizing the expression and activities of ERBB and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We have recently reported that in treatment-naïve human prostate cancer (PCa), LRIG1 is primarily regulated by androgen receptor (AR) and is prominently overexpressed. In castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), both LRIG1 and AR expression becomes heterogeneous and, frequently, discordant. Importantly, in both androgen-dependent PCa and CRPC models, LRIG1 exhibits tumor-suppressive functions. Moreover, LRIG1 induction inhibits the growth of pre-established AR+ and AR− PCa. Here, upon a brief introduction of the LRIG1 and the LRIG family, we provide an updated overview on LRIG1 functions in regulating SC quiescence and repressing tumor development. We further highlight the expression, regulation and functions of LRIG1 in treatment-naïve PCa and CRPC. We conclude by offering the perspectives of identifying novel cancer-specific LRIG1-interacting signaling partners and developing LRIG1-based anti-cancer therapeutics and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Abhiram Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Hseu-Ping Chao
- Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Kiera Rycaj
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Epigenetics & Mol. Carcinogenesis, the University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
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12
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LRIG1 is a conserved EGFR regulator involved in melanoma development, survival and treatment resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:3707-3718. [PMID: 33947959 PMCID: PMC8154585 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1) is a pan-negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling and a tumor suppressor in several cancers, but its involvement in melanoma is largely unexplored. Here, we aim to determine the role of LRIG1 in melanoma tumorigenesis, RTK signaling, and BRAF inhibitor resistance. We find that LRIG1 is downregulated during early tumorigenesis and that LRIG1 affects activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in melanoma cells. LRIG1-dependent regulation of EGFR signaling is evolutionary conserved to the roundworm C. elegans, where negative regulation of the EGFR-Ras-Raf pathway by sma-10/LRIG completely depends on presence of the receptor let-23/EGFR. In a cohort of metastatic melanoma patients, we observe an association between LRIG1 and survival in the triple wild-type subtype and in tumors with high EGFR expression. During in vitro development of BRAF inhibitor resistance, LRIG1 expression decreases; and mimics LRIG1 knockout cells for increased EGFR expression. Treating resistant cells with recombinant LRIG1 suppresses AKT activation and proliferation. Together, our results show that sma-10/LRIG is a conserved regulator of RTK signaling, add to our understanding of LRIG1 in melanoma and identifies recombinant LRIG1 as a potential therapeutic against BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma.
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13
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Fathi Maroufi N, Taefehshokr S, Rashidi MR, Taefehshokr N, Khoshakhlagh M, Isazadeh A, Mokarizadeh N, Baradaran B, Nouri M. Vascular mimicry: changing the therapeutic paradigms in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4749-4765. [PMID: 32424524 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major problem in the health system, and despite many efforts to effectively treat it, none has yet been fully successful. Angiogenesis and metastasis are considered as major challenges in the treatment of various cancers. Researchers have struggled to succeed with anti-angiogenesis drugs for the effective treatment of cancer, although new challenges have emerged in the treatment with the emergence of resistance to anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastatic drugs. Numerous studies have shown that different cancers can resist anti-angiogenesis drugs in a new process called vascular mimicry (VM). The studies have revealed that cells resistant to anti-angiogenesis cancer therapies are more capable of forming VMs in the in vivo and in vitro environment, although there is a link between the presence of VM and poor clinical outcomes. Given the importance of the VM in the challenges facing cancer treatment, researchers are trying to identify factors that prevent the formation of these structures. In this review article, it is attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecules and main signaling pathways involved in VM phenomena, as well as the agents currently being identified as anti-VM and the role of VM in response to treatment and prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narmin Mokarizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Preston JL, Stiffler N. Epigenetic loss of heterozygosity of Apc and an inflammation-associated mutational signature detected in Lrig1 +/--driven murine colonic adenomas. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:126. [PMID: 32059662 PMCID: PMC7023705 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of a single copy of adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) in leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (Lrig1)-expressing colonic progenitor cells induces rapid growth of adenomas in mice with high penetrance and multiplicity. The tumors lack functional APC, and a genetic loss of heterozygosity of Apc was previously observed. METHODS To identify genomic features of early tumorigenesis, and to profile intertumoral genetic heterogeneity, tumor exome DNA (n = 9 tumors) and mRNA (n = 5 tumors) sequences were compared with matched nontumoral colon tissue. Putative somatic mutations were called after stringent variant filtering. Somatic signatures of mutational processes were determined and splicing patterns were observed. RESULTS The adenomas were found to be genetically heterogeneous and unexpectedly hypermutated, displaying a strong bias toward G:C > A:T mutations. A genetic loss of heterozygosity of Apc was not observed, however, an epigenetic loss of heterozygosity was apparent in the tumor transcriptomes. Complex splicing patterns characterized by a loss of intron retention were observed uniformly across tumors. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that early tumors originating from intestinal stem cells with reduced Lrig1 and Apc expression are highly mutated and genetically heterogeneous, with an inflammation-associated mutational signature and complex splicing patterns that are uniform across tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Preston
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
| | - Nicholas Stiffler
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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15
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Hernández de la Cruz ON, López-González JS, García-Vázquez R, Salinas-Vera YM, Muñiz-Lino MA, Aguilar-Cazares D, López-Camarillo C, Carlos-Reyes Á. Regulation Networks Driving Vasculogenic Mimicry in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1419. [PMID: 31993365 PMCID: PMC6970938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a mechanism whereby cancer cells form microvascular structures similar to three-dimensional channels to provide nutrients and oxygen to tumors. Unlike angiogenesis, VM is characterized by the development of new patterned three-dimensional vascular-like structures independent of endothelial cells. This phenomenon has been observed in many types of highly aggressive solid tumors. The presence of VM has also been associated with increased resistance to chemotherapy, low survival, and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through different pathways. In recent years, these tiny RNAs have been shown to be expressed aberrantly in different human malignancies, thus contributing to the hallmarks of cancer. In this context, miRNAs and lncRNAs can be excellent biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of response to therapy. In this review, we discuss the role that the tumor microenvironment and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition have in VM. We include an overview of the mechanisms of VM with examples of diverse types of tumors. Finally, we describe the regulation networks of lncRNAs-miRNAs and their clinical impact with the VM. Knowing the key genes that regulate and promote the development of VM in tumors with invasive, aggressive, and therapy-resistant phenotypes will facilitate the discovery of novel biomarker therapeutics against cancer as well as tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Sullivan López-González
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
| | - Raúl García-Vázquez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcos A Muñiz-Lino
- Laboratorio de Patología y Medicina Bucal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
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16
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Kim J, Jo YH, Jang M, Nguyen NNY, Yun HR, Ko SH, Shin Y, Lee JS, Kang I, Ha J, Choi TG, Kim SS. PAC-5 Gene Expression Signature for Predicting Prognosis of Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111749. [PMID: 31703415 PMCID: PMC6896100 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Intratumoural molecular heterogeneity impedes improvement of the overall survival rate. Current pathological staging system is not sufficient to accurately predict prognostic outcomes. Thus, accurate prognostic model for patient survival and treatment decision is demanded. Using differentially expressed gene analysis between normal pancreas and PAC tissues, the cancer-specific genes were identified. A prognostic gene expression model was computed by LASSO regression analysis. The PAC-5 signature (LAMA3, E2F7, IFI44, SLC12A2, and LRIG1) that had significant prognostic value in the overall dataset was established, independently of the pathological stage. We provided evidence that the PAC-5 signature further refined the selection of the PAC patients who might benefit from postoperative therapies. SLC12A2 and LRIG1 interacted with the proteins that were implicated in resistance of EGFR kinase inhibitor. DNA methylation was significantly involved in the gene regulations of the PAC-5 signature. The PAC-5 signature provides new possibilities for improving the personalised therapeutic strategies. We suggest that the PAC-5 genes might be potential drug targets for PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Yong Hwa Jo
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Miran Jang
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ngoc Ngo Yen Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Hyeong Rok Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Seok Hoon Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-961-028-7 (T.G.C.); +82-961-052-4 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-961-028-7 (T.G.C.); +82-961-052-4 (S.S.K.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss recent discoveries in hypoxic cellular pathophysiology and explore the interplay between hypoxic malignant cells and other stromal elements. This review will provide an update on the effects of hypoxia on cancer outcomes and therapeutic resistance. RECENT FINDINGS Hypoxia has been discovered to be a key driver for tumor progression, both because of impacts on tumor cells and separately on the wider tumor microenvironment. The latter effects occur via epithelial mesenchymal transition, autophagy and metabolic switching. Through epithelial mesenchymal transition, hypoxia both drives metastasis and renders key target tissues receptive to metastasis. Autophagy is a double-edged sword which requires greater understanding to ascertain when it is a threat. Metabolic switching allows tumor cells to access hypoxic survival mechanisms even under normoxic conditions.Every element of the malignant stroma contributes to hypoxia-driven progression. Exosomal transfer of molecules from hypoxic tumor cells to target stromal cell types and the importance of microRNAs in intercellular communication have emerged as key themes.Antiangiogenic resistance can be caused by hypoxia-driven vasculogenic mimicry. Beyond this, hypoxia contributes to resistance to virtually all oncological treatment modalities. SUMMARY Recent advances have moved us closer to being able to exploit hypoxic mechanisms to overcome hypoxia-driven progression and therapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Redfern
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth
| | - Veenoo Agarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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18
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Cheng F, Zhang P, Xiao Q, Li Y, Dong M, Wang H, Kuang D, He Y, Duan Q, Mao F, Wang B, Guo D. The Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential of LRIG3 and Soluble LRIG3 in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:447. [PMID: 31245283 PMCID: PMC6563081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly lethal type of primary brain tumor that exhibits unrestricted growth and aggressive invasion capabilities, leading to a dismal prognosis despite a multitude of therapies. Multiple alterations in the expression level of genes and/or proteins have been identified in glioblastomas, including the activation of oncogenes and/or silencing of tumor-suppressor genes. Nevertheless, there are still no effective targeted therapies associated with these changes. In this study, we investigated the expression of human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 3 (LRIG3) in human glioma specimens through immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that LRIG3 was weakly expressed in high-grade gliomas (WHO [World Health Organization] grades III and IV) compared with that in low-grade gliomas (WHO grade II). Survival analysis of these patients with glioma indicated that LRIG3 is an important prognostic marker for better survival. Moreover, we confirmed the existence of soluble ectodomain of LRIG3 (sLRIG3) in the cell culture supernatant, serum, and in tumor cystic fluid of patients with glioma. Molecular mechanistic investigation demonstrated that both LRIG3 and sLRIG3 inhibit the growth and invasion capabilities of GL15, U87, and PriGBM cells and tumor xenografts in nude mice through regulating the MET/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the positive correlation between serum sLRIG3 protein levels and overall survival time in patients with high-grade gliomas. Taken together, our data for the first time demonstrate the existence of sLRIG3 and that both LRIG3 and sLRIG3 are potent tumor suppressors, which could be used as prognostic markers for better overall survival and therapeutic agents for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neuro-oncology of Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Po Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neuro-oncology of Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qungen Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neuro-oncology of Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minhai Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neuro-oncology of Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Wang HF, Wang SS, Zheng M, Dai LL, Wang K, Gao XL, Cao MX, Yu XH, Pang X, Zhang M, Wu JB, Wu JS, Yang X, Tang YJ, Chen Y, Tang YL, Liang XH. Hypoxia promotes vasculogenic mimicry formation by vascular endothelial growth factor A mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12600. [PMID: 30945361 PMCID: PMC6536414 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the role of hypoxia in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and the underlying mechanism involved. Materials and methods Firstly, wound healing, transwell invasion, immunofluorescence and tube formation assays were performed to measure the effect of hypoxia on migration, invasion, EMT and VM of SACC cells, respectively. Then, immunofluorescence and RT‐PCR were used to detect the effect of hypoxia on VE‐cadherin and VEGFA expression. And pro‐vasculogenic mimicry effect of VEGFA was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blot. Moreover, the levels of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, Vimentin, CD44 and ALDH1 were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence in SACC cells treated by exogenous VEGFA or bevacizumab. Finally, CD31/ PAS staining was performed to observe VM and immunohistochemistry was used to determine the levels of VEGFA and HIF‐1α in 95 SACC patients. The relationships between VM and clinicopathological variables, VEGFA or HIF‐1α level were analysed. Results Hypoxia promoted cell migration, invasion, EMT and VM formation, and enhanced VE‐cadherin and VEGFA expression in SACC cells. Further, exogenous VEGFA markedly increased the levels of N‐cadherin, Vimentin, CD44 and ALDH1, and inhibited the expression of E‐cadherin, while the VEGFA inhibitor reversed these changes. In addition, VM channels existed in 25 of 95 SACC samples, and there was a strong positive correlation between VM and clinic stage, distant metastases, VEGFA and HIF‐1α expression. Conclusions VEGFA played an important role in hypoxia‐induced VM through regulating EMT and stemness, which may eventually fuel the migration and invasion of SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Stomatolog, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Lu-Ling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan, China
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