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Resendiz-Hernández M, García-Hernández AP, Silva-Cázares MB, Coronado-Uribe R, Hernández-de la Cruz ON, Arriaga-Pizano LA, Prieto-Chávez JL, Salinas-Vera YM, Ibarra-Sierra E, Ortiz-Martínez C, López-Camarillo C. MicroRNA-204 Regulates Angiogenesis and Vasculogenic Mimicry in CD44+/CD24- Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:14. [PMID: 38392969 PMCID: PMC10891775 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors have high requirements in terms of nutrients and oxygen. Angiogenesis is the classical mechanism for vessel formation. Tumoral vascularization has the function of nourishing the cancer cells to support tumor growth. Vasculogenic mimicry, a novel intratumoral microcirculation system, alludes to the ability of cancer cells to organize in three-dimensional (3D) channel-like architectures. It also supplies the tumors with nutrients and oxygen. Both mechanisms operate in a coordinated way; however, their functions in breast cancer stem-like cells and their regulation by microRNAs remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the functional role of microRNA-204 (miR-204) on angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in breast cancer stem-like cells. Using flow cytometry assays, we found that 86.1% of MDA-MB-231 and 92% of Hs-578t breast cancer cells showed the CD44+/CD24- immunophenotype representative of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). The MDA-MB-231 subpopulation of CSCs exhibited the ability to form mammospheres, as expected. Interestingly, we found that the restoration of miR-204 expression in CSCs significantly inhibited the number and size of the mammospheres. Moreover, we found that MDA-MB-231 and Hs-578t CSCs efficiently undergo angiogenesis and hypoxia-induced vasculogenic mimicry in vitro. The transfection of precursor miR-204 in both CSCs was able to impair the angiogenesis in the HUVEC cell model, which was observed as a diminution in the number of polygons and sprouting cells. Remarkably, miR-204 mimics also resulted in the inhibition of vasculogenic mimicry formation in MDA-MB-231 and Hs-578t CSCs, with a significant reduction in the number of channel-like structures and branch points. Mechanistically, the effects of miR-204 were associated with a diminution of pro-angiogenic VEGFA and β-catenin protein levels. In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR-204 abrogates the angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry development in breast cancer stem-like cells, suggesting that it could be a potential tool for breast cancer intervention based on microRNA replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Resendiz-Hernández
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico; (M.R.-H.); (A.P.G.-H.); (O.N.H.-d.l.C.); (Y.M.S.-V.)
| | - Alejandra P. García-Hernández
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico; (M.R.-H.); (A.P.G.-H.); (O.N.H.-d.l.C.); (Y.M.S.-V.)
| | - Macrina B. Silva-Cázares
- Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Matehuala 78760, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - Rogelio Coronado-Uribe
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico; (M.R.-H.); (A.P.G.-H.); (O.N.H.-d.l.C.); (Y.M.S.-V.)
| | - Olga N. Hernández-de la Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico; (M.R.-H.); (A.P.G.-H.); (O.N.H.-d.l.C.); (Y.M.S.-V.)
| | - Lourdes A. Arriaga-Pizano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CDMX 06720, Mexico;
| | - Jessica L. Prieto-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Citometría de Flujo, Centro de Instrumentos, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CDMX 06720, Mexico;
| | - Yarely M. Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico; (M.R.-H.); (A.P.G.-H.); (O.N.H.-d.l.C.); (Y.M.S.-V.)
| | - Eloisa Ibarra-Sierra
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Estatal de Cancerologia “Dr. Arturo Beltrán Ortega”, Acapulco 39610, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Concepción Ortiz-Martínez
- Servicio de Ginecología Oncológica, Instituto Estatal de Cancerologia “Dr. Arturo Beltrán Ortega”, Acapulco 39610, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX 03100, Mexico; (M.R.-H.); (A.P.G.-H.); (O.N.H.-d.l.C.); (Y.M.S.-V.)
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2
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Contreras-Sanzón E, Palma-Flores C, Flores-Pérez A, M. Salinas-Vera Y, B. Silva-Cázares M, A. Marchat L, G. Avila-Bonilla R, N. Hernández de la Cruz O, E. Álvarez-Sánchez M, Pérez-Plasencia C, D. Campos-Parra A, López-Camarillo C. MicroRNA-204/CREB5 axis regulates vasculogenic mimicry in breast cancer cells. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:47-56. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is characterized by formation of three-dimensional (3D) channels-like structures by tumor cells, supplying the nutrients needed for tumor growth. VM is stimulated by hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and it has been associated with increased metastasis and clinical poor outcome in cancer patients. cAMP responsive element (CRE)-binding protein 5 (CREB5) is a hypoxia-activated transcription factor involved in tumorigenesis. However, CREB5 functions in VM and if its regulated by microRNAs remains unknown in breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: We aim to study the functional relationships between VM, CREB5 and microRNA-204-5p (miR-204) in breast cancer cells. METHODS: CREB5 expression was evaluated by mining the public databases, and using RT-qPCR and Western blot assays. CREB5 expression was silenced using short-hairpin RNAs in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. VM formation was analyzed using matrigel-based cultures in hypoxic conditions. MiR-204 expression was restored in cancer cells by transfection of RNA mimics. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the binding of miR-204 to 3′UTR of CREB5. RESULTS: Our data showed that CREB5 mRNA expression was upregulated in a set of breast cancer cell lines and clinical tumors, and it was positively associated with poor prognosis in lymph nodes positive and grade 3 basal breast cancer patients. Silencing of CREB5 impaired the hypoxia-induced formation of 3D channels-like structures representative of the early stages of VM in MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast, VM formation was not observed in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, we found that CREB5 expression was negatively regulated by miR-204 mimics in breast cancer cells. Functional analysis confirmed that miR-204 binds to CREB5 3′-UTR indicating that it’s an ulterior effector. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that CREB5 could be a potential biomarker of disease progression in basal subtype of breast cancer, and that perturbations of the miR-204/CREB5 axis plays an important role in VM development in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yarely M. Salinas-Vera
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - Macrina B. Silva-Cázares
- Coordinación Academica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. CDMX, México
| | - Rodolfo G. Avila-Bonilla
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. CDMX, México
| | | | | | | | - Alma D. Campos-Parra
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, CDMX, México
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
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3
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Salinas-Vera YM, Valdés J, Pérez-Navarro Y, Mandujano-Lazaro G, Marchat LA, Ramos-Payán R, Nuñez-Olvera SI, Pérez-Plascencia C, López-Camarillo C. Three-Dimensional 3D Culture Models in Gynecological and Breast Cancer Research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:826113. [PMID: 35692756 PMCID: PMC9177953 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.826113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures have long been the gold standard for cancer biology research. However, their ability to accurately reflect the molecular mechanisms of tumors occurring in vivo is limited. Recent development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models facilitate the possibility to better recapitulate several of the biological and molecular characteristics of tumors in vivo, such as cancer cells heterogeneity, cell-extracellular matrix interactions, development of a hypoxic microenvironment, signaling pathway activities depending on contacts with extracellular matrix, differential growth kinetics, more accurate drugs response, and specific gene expression and epigenetic patterns. In this review, we discuss the utilization of different types of 3D culture models including spheroids, organotypic models and patient-derived organoids in gynecologic cancers research, as well as its potential applications in oncological research mainly for screening drugs with major physiological and clinical relevance. Moreover, microRNAs regulation of cancer hallmarks in 3D cell cultures from different types of cancers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarely M. Salinas-Vera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jesús Valdés
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yussel Pérez-Navarro
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Mandujano-Lazaro
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosalio Ramos-Payán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Stephanie I. Nuñez-Olvera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- *Correspondence: César López-Camarillo, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9417-2609
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Salinas-Vera YM, Gallardo-Rincón D, Ruíz-García E, Marchat LA, Valdés J, Vázquez-Calzada C, López-Camarillo C. A Three-Dimensional Culture-Based Assay to Detect Early Stages of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2514:53-60. [PMID: 35771418 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2403-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry is a cellular mechanism in which tumor cells grow and align forming complex three-dimensional (3D) channel-like structures in a hypoxic microenvironment. This phenomenon represents a novel oxygen, nutrient, and blood supply, in a similar way as occurs in classic angiogenesis. Vasculogenic mimicry has been described in numerous clinical tumors including breast, prostate, lung, and ovarian cancers where it is associated with poor prognosis; thus, it is considered as a hallmark of highly aggressive and metastatic tumors. Here, we describe a simple method to model the in vitro formation of three-dimensional cellular networks over Matrigel in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells representing the early stages of vasculogenic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors, National Cancer Institute, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors, National Cancer Institute, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Program in Molecular Biomedicine and Biotechnology Network, National Polytechnic Institute, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Valdés
- Department of Biochemistry, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Vázquez-Calzada
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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5
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Nuñez-Olvera SI, Puente-Rivera J, Ramos-Payán R, Pérez-Plasencia C, Salinas-Vera YM, Aguilar-Arnal L, López-Camarillo C. Three-Dimensional Genome Organization in Breast and Gynecological Cancers: How Chromatin Folding Influences Tumorigenic Transcriptional Programs. Cells 2021; 11:75. [PMID: 35011637 PMCID: PMC8750285 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research on the transcriptome and cancer genome has demonstrated that many gynecological tumor-specific gene mutations are located in cis-regulatory elements. Through chromosomal looping, cis-regulatory elements interact which each other to control gene expression by bringing distant regulatory elements, such as enhancers and insulators, into close proximity with promoters. It is well known that chromatin connections may be disrupted in cancer cells, promoting transcriptional dysregulation and the expression of abnormal tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. In this review, we examine the roles of alterations in 3D chromatin interactions. This includes changes in CTCF protein function, cancer-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms, viral integration, and hormonal response as part of the mechanisms that lead to the acquisition of enhancers or super-enhancers. The translocation of existing enhancers, as well as enhancer loss or acquisition of insulator elements that interact with gene promoters, is also revised. Remarkably, similar processes that modify 3D chromatin contacts in gene promoters may also influence the expression of non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which have emerged as key regulators of gene expression in a variety of cancers, including gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I. Nuñez-Olvera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Jonathan Puente-Rivera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico;
| | - Rosalio Ramos-Payán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan City 80030, Mexico;
| | | | - Yarely M. Salinas-Vera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City 03100, Mexico;
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6
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Salinas-Vera YM, Gallardo-Rincón D, Ruíz-García E, Silva-Cázares MB, de la Peña-Cruz CS, López-Camarillo C. The role of hypoxia in endometrial cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:221-234. [PMID: 33655827 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210224130022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer represents the most frequent neoplasia from the corpus uteri, and comprises the 14th leading cause of death in women worldwide. Risk factors that contribute to the disease include early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, and menopausal hormone use, as well as hypertension and obesity comorbidities. The clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy is variable, suggesting that novel molecular targeted therapies against specific cellular processes associated with the maintenance of cancer cell survival and therapy resistance urged to ameliorate the rates of success in endometrial cancer treatment. In the course of tumor growth, cancer cells must adapt to decreased oxygen availability in the microenvironment by upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors, which orchestrate the activation of a transcriptional program leading to cell survival. During this adaptative process, the hypoxic cancer cells may acquire invasive and metastatic properties as well as increased cell proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy, enhanced angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, and maintenance of cancer cell stemness, which contribute to more aggressive cancer phenotypes. Several studies have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein is aberrantly overexpressed in many solid tumors from breast, prostate, ovarian, bladder, colon, brain, and pancreas. Thus, it has been considered an important therapeutic target. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge of the relevant roles of cellular hypoxia mechanisms and HIF-1α functions in diverse processes associated with endometrial cancer progression. In addition, we also summarize the role of microRNAs in the posttranscriptional regulation of protein-encoding genes involved in the hypoxia response in endometrial cancer. Finally, we pointed out the need for urgent targeted therapies to impair the cellular processes activated by hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastrointestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México. Mexico
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastrointestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México. Mexico
| | - Macrina B Silva-Cázares
- Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México. Mexico
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7
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Salinas-Vera YM, Gallardo-Rincón D, García-Vázquez R, Hernández-de la Cruz ON, Marchat LA, González-Barrios JA, Ruíz-García E, Vázquez-Calzada C, Contreras-Sanzón E, Resendiz-Hernández M, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Cruz-Colin JL, Campos-Parra AD, López-Camarillo C. Corrigendum: HypoxamiRs Profiling Identify miR-765 as a Regulator of the Early Stages of Vasculogenic Mimicry in SKOV3 Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:889. [PMID: 32582552 PMCID: PMC7280899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastro-Intestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl García-Vázquez
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Laurence A Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastro-Intestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigación Translacional en Cáncer y Terapia Celular, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Cruz-Colin
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma D Campos-Parra
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Hernández de la Cruz ON, López-González JS, García-Vázquez R, Salinas-Vera YM, Muñiz-Lino MA, Aguilar-Cazares D, López-Camarillo C, Carlos-Reyes Á. Regulation Networks Driving Vasculogenic Mimicry in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1419. [PMID: 31993365 PMCID: PMC6970938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a mechanism whereby cancer cells form microvascular structures similar to three-dimensional channels to provide nutrients and oxygen to tumors. Unlike angiogenesis, VM is characterized by the development of new patterned three-dimensional vascular-like structures independent of endothelial cells. This phenomenon has been observed in many types of highly aggressive solid tumors. The presence of VM has also been associated with increased resistance to chemotherapy, low survival, and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through different pathways. In recent years, these tiny RNAs have been shown to be expressed aberrantly in different human malignancies, thus contributing to the hallmarks of cancer. In this context, miRNAs and lncRNAs can be excellent biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and the prediction of response to therapy. In this review, we discuss the role that the tumor microenvironment and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition have in VM. We include an overview of the mechanisms of VM with examples of diverse types of tumors. Finally, we describe the regulation networks of lncRNAs-miRNAs and their clinical impact with the VM. Knowing the key genes that regulate and promote the development of VM in tumors with invasive, aggressive, and therapy-resistant phenotypes will facilitate the discovery of novel biomarker therapeutics against cancer as well as tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Sullivan López-González
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
| | - Raúl García-Vázquez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcos A Muñiz-Lino
- Laboratorio de Patología y Medicina Bucal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico, Mexico
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9
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Nuñez-Olvera SI, Gallardo-Rincón D, Puente-Rivera J, Salinas-Vera YM, Marchat LA, Morales-Villegas R, López-Camarillo C. Autophagy Machinery as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1326. [PMID: 31850214 PMCID: PMC6896250 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the fourth most frequent neoplasia for women worldwide, and over the past two decades it incidence has increased. The most common histological type of endometrial cancer is endometrioid adenocarcinoma, also known as type 1 endometrial cancer. Endometrioid endometrial cancer is associated with diverse epidemiological risk factors including estrogen use, obesity, diabetes, cigarette smoking, null parity, early menarche, and late menopause. Clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy is variable, indicating that novel molecular therapies against specific cellular processes associated to cell survival and resistance to therapy, such as autophagy, urged to ameliorate the rates of success in endometrial cancer treatment. Autophagy (also known as macroautophagy) is a specialized mechanism that maintains cell homeostasis which is activated in response to cellular stressors including nutrients deprivation, amino acids starvation, hypoxia, and metabolic stress to prolong cell survival via lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic macromolecules and organelles. However, in human cancer cells, autophagy has a controversial function due to its dual role as self-protective or apoptotic. Conventional antitumor therapies including hormones, chemotherapy and ionizing radiation, may activate autophagy as a pro-survival tumor response contributing to treatment resistance. Intriguingly, if autophagy continues above reversibility of cell viability, autophagy can result in apoptosis of tumor cells. Here, we have reviewed the mechanisms of autophagy described in endometrial cancers, including the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMPK-mTOR, and p53 signaling pathways that trigger or inhibit the process and thus representing potential molecular targets in therapeutic clinical approaches. In addition, we discussed the recent findings indicating that autophagy can be modulated using repurposing drugs which may leads to faster experimentation and validation, as well as more easy access of the medications to patients. Finally, the promising role of dietary compounds and microRNAs in autophagy modulation is also discussed. In conclusion, although the research about autophagy is scarce but ongoing in endometrial cancer, the actual findings highlight the promising usefulness of novel molecules for directing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I Nuñez-Olvera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Puente-Rivera
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Morales-Villegas
- Coordinación Académica Huasteca del Sur, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Salinas-Vera YM, Gallardo-Rincón D, García-Vázquez R, Hernández-de la Cruz ON, Marchat LA, González-Barrios JA, Ruíz-García E, Vázquez-Calzada C, Contreras-Sanzón E, Resendiz-Hernández M, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Cruz-Colin JL, Campos-Parra AD, López-Camarillo C. HypoxamiRs Profiling Identify miR-765 as a Regulator of the Early Stages of Vasculogenic Mimicry in SKOV3 Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:381. [PMID: 31157166 PMCID: PMC6528691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a novel cancer hallmark in which malignant cells develop matrix-associated 3D tubular networks with a lumen under hypoxia to supply nutrients needed for tumor growth. Recent studies showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) may have a role in VM regulation. In this study, we examined the relevance of hypoxia-regulated miRNAs (hypoxamiRs) in the early stages of VM formation. Data showed that after 48 h hypoxia and 12 h incubation on matrigel SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells undergo the formation of matrix-associated intercellular connections referred hereafter as 3D channels-like structures, which arose previous to the apparition of canonical tubular structures representative of VM. Comprehensive profiling of 754 mature miRNAs at the onset of hypoxia-induced 3D channels-like structures showed that 11 hypoxamiRs were modulated (FC>1.5; p < 0.05) in SKOV3 cells (9 downregulated and 2 upregulated). Bioinformatic analysis of the set of regulated miRNAs showed that they might impact cellular pathways related with tumorigenesis. Moreover, overall survival analysis in a cohort of ovarian cancer patients (n = 485) indicated that low miR-765, miR-193b, miR-148a and high miR-138 levels were associated with worst patients outcome. In particular, miR-765 was severely downregulated after hypoxia (FC < 32.02; p < 0.05), and predicted to target a number of protein-encoding genes involved in angiogenesis and VM. Functional assays showed that ectopic restoration of miR-765 in SKOV3 cells resulted in a significant inhibition of hypoxia-induced 3D channels-like formation that was associated with a reduced number of branch points and patterned tubular-like structures. Mechanistic studies confirmed that miR-765 decreased the levels of VEGFA, AKT1 and SRC-α transducers and exerted a negative regulation of VEGFA by specific binding to its 3‘UTR. Finally, overall survival analysis of a cohort of ovarian cancer patients (n = 1435) indicates that high levels of VEGFA, AKT1 and SRC-α and low miR-765 expression were associated with worst patients outcome. In conclusion, here we reported a novel hypoxamiRs signature which constitutes a molecular guide for further clinical and functional studies on the early stages of VM. Our data also suggested that miR-765 coordinates the formation of 3D channels-like structures through modulation of VEGFA/AKT1/SRC-α axis in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastro-Intestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl García-Vázquez
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Laurence A Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastro-Intestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigación Translacional en Cáncer y Terapia Celular, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Cruz-Colin
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma D Campos-Parra
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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López-Rosas I, López-Camarillo C, Salinas-Vera YM, Hernández-de la Cruz ON, Palma-Flores C, Chávez-Munguía B, Resendis-Antonio O, Guillen N, Pérez-Plasencia C, Álvarez-Sánchez ME, Ramírez-Moreno E, Marchat LA. Entamoeba histolytica Up-Regulates MicroRNA-643 to Promote Apoptosis by Targeting XIAP in Human Epithelial Colon Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 8:437. [PMID: 30671387 PMCID: PMC6333105 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as negative regulators of gene expression. Recent evidences suggested that host cells miRNAs are involved in the progression of infectious diseases, but its role in amoebiasis remains largely unknown. Here, we reported an unexplored role for miRNAs of human epithelial colon cells during the apoptosis induced by Entamoeba histolytica. We demonstrated for the first time that SW-480 colon cells change their miRNAs profile in response to parasite exposure. Our data showed that virulent E. histolytica trophozoites induced apoptosis of SW-480 colon cells after 45 min interaction, which was associated to caspases-3 and -9 activation. Comprehensive profiling of 667 miRNAs using Taqman Low-Density Arrays showed that 6 and 15 miRNAs were significantly (FC > 1.5; p < 0.05) modulated in SW-480 cells after 45 and 75 min interaction with parasites, respectively. Remarkably, no significant regulation of the 6-miRNAs signature (miR-526b-5p, miR-150, miR-643, miR-615-5p, miR-525, and miR-409-3p) was found when SW-480 cells were exposed to non-virulent Entamoeba dispar. Moreover, we confirmed that miR-150, miR-643, miR-615-5p, and miR-525 exhibited similar regulation in SW-480 and Caco2 colon cells after 45 min interaction with trophozoites. Exhaustive bioinformatic analysis of the six-miRNAs signature revealed intricate miRNAs-mRNAs co-regulation networks in which the anti-apoptotic XIAP, API5, BCL2, and AKT1 genes were the major targets of the set of six-miRNAs. Of these, we focused in the study of functional relationships between miR-643, upregulated at 45 min interaction, and its predicted target X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Interestingly, interplay of amoeba with SW-480 cells resulted in downregulation of XIAP consistent with apoptosis activation. More importantly, loss of function studies using antagomiRs showed that forced inhibition of miR-643 leads to restoration of XIAP levels and suppression of both apoptosis and caspases-3 and -9 activation. Congruently, mechanistic studies using luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-643 exerts a postranscripcional negative regulation of XIAP by targeting its 3′-UTR indicating that it's a downstream effector. In summary, we provide novel lines of evidence suggesting that early-branched eukaryote E. histolytica may promote apoptosis of human colon cells by modulating, in part, the host microRNome which highlight an unexpected role for miRNA-643/XIAP axis in the host cellular response to parasites infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel López-Rosas
- Catedrática CONACYT, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Biología Molecular, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica y Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Guillen
- Unidad de Análisis Cuantitativo de Imágenes, Instituto Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Salinas-Vera YM, Marchat LA, Gallardo-Rincón D, Ruiz-García E, Astudillo-De La Vega H, Echavarría-Zepeda R, López-Camarillo C. AngiomiRs: MicroRNAs driving angiogenesis in cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:657-670. [PMID: 30483765 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important hallmark of cancer serving a key role in tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, tumor angiogenesis has become an attractive target for development of novel drug therapies. An increased amount of anti‑angiogenic compounds is currently in preclinical and clinical development for personalized therapies. However, resistance to current angiogenesis inhibitors is emerging, indicating that there is a need to identify novel anti‑angiogenic agents. In the last decade, the field of microRNA biology has exploded revealing unsuspected functions in tumor angiogenesis. These small non‑coding RNAs, which have been dubbed as angiomiRs, may target regulatory molecules driving angiogenesis, such as cytokines, metalloproteinases and growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet‑derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor‑1, as well as mitogen‑activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3‑kinase and transforming growth factor signaling pathways. The present review discusses the current progress towards understanding the functions of miRNAs in tumor angiogenesis regulation in diverse types of human cancer. Furthermore, the potential clinical application of angiomiRs towards anti‑angiogenic tumor therapy was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 03100, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnologia, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07320, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruiz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Horacio Astudillo-De La Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigacion Translacional en Cáncer y Terapia Celular, Hospital de Oncologia, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 03100, Mexico
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13
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Salinas-Vera YM, Marchat LA, García-Vázquez R, González de la Rosa CH, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Tito NN, Flores CP, Pérez-Plasencia C, Cruz-Colin JL, Carlos-Reyes Á, López-González JS, Álvarez-Sánchez ME, López-Camarillo C. Cooperative multi-targeting of signaling networks by angiomiR-204 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 432:17-27. [PMID: 29885516 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA-based multi-target therapies focused in the blocking of signaling pathways represent an attractive approach in cancer. Here, we uncovered a miR-204 cooperative targeting of multiple signaling transducers involved in vasculogenic mimicry (VM). Our data showed that invasive triple negative MDA-MB-231 and Hs-578T breast cancer cells, but not poorly invasive MCF-7 cells, efficiently undergoes matrix-associated VM under hypoxia. Ectopic restoration of miR-204 in MDA-MB-231 cells leads to a potent inhibition of VM and reduction of number of branch points and patterned 3D channels. Further analysis of activation state of multiple signaling pathways using Phosphorylation Antibody Arrays revealed that miR-204 reduced the expression and phosphorylation levels of 13 proteins involved in PI3K/AKT, RAF1/MAPK, VEGF, and FAK/SRC signaling. In agreement with phospho-proteomic profiling, VM was impaired following pharmacological administration of PI3K and SRC inhibitors. Mechanistic studies confirmed that miR-204 exerts a negative post-transcriptional regulation of PI3K-α and c-SRC proto-oncogenes. Moreover, overall survival analysis of a large cohort of breast cancer patients indicates that low miR-204 and high FAK/SRC levels were associated with worst outcomes. In conclusion, our study provides novel lines of evidence indicating that miR-204 may exerts a fine-tuning regulation of the synergistic transduction of PI3K/AKT/FAK mediators critical in VM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de La Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Raúl García-Vázquez
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Del Cáncer. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular Del Cáncer. Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | | | | | - José L Cruz-Colin
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", CDMX, Mexico
| | - José Sullivan López-González
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de La Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico.
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14
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García-Vázquez R, Gallardo Rincón D, Ruiz-García E, Meneses García A, Hernández De La Cruz ON, Astudillo-De La Vega H, Isla-Ortiz D, Marchat LA, Salinas-Vera YM, Carlos-Reyes Á, López-González S, Ramos-Payan R, López-Camarillo C. let-7d-3p is associated with apoptosis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:3086-3094. [PMID: 29658612 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of microRNAs contributes to the heterogeneous biological behavior of human malignancies and it may correlate with the clinical pathological features of patients. The let-7 microRNA family is frequently downregulated in human cancers and its aberrant expression may be a useful marker for prediction of the clinical response to therapy in patients. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of three members of the let-7 family (let-7a-3p, let-7d-3p and let-7f), which remains largely uncharacterized in ovarian cancer tissues. We also investigated the function of let-7d-3p in the apoptosis and sensitization to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer cells. Our data from stem-loop quantitative RT-PCR showed that expression of let-7a-3p and let-7d-3p, but not let-7f, was significantly (P<0.04) upregulated in ovarian tumors relative to that noted in normal ovarian tissues. Markedly, an increased expression of let‑7d-3p (also known as let-7d-3*) was associated with positive response to carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment in ovarian cancer patients. To investigate the biological relevance of let‑7d-3p, we knocked down its expression in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line using antagomiRs. Loss of function analysis showed that inhibition of let-7d-3p significantly (P<0.05) impaired cell proliferation and activated apoptosis. In contrast, scratch/wound healing and Transwell chamber assays showed that migration and invasion abilities were not affected in the let-7d-3p-deficient SKOV-3 cancer cells. Notably, Annexin V assays showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in cell death of cancer cells treated with the let-7d-3p inhibitor plus carboplatin indicating a synergistic effect of the drug with antagomiR therapy. Gene ontology classification of predicted targets of let-7d-3p identified a number of genes involved in cellular pathways associated with therapy resistance such as ABC transporters, HIF-1, RAS and ErbB signaling. In summary, our findings showed that inhibition of let-7d-3 activates apoptosis and that its upregulation is associated with a positive response of ovarian cancer patients to carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl García-Vázquez
- Molecular Biomedicine Program and Biotechnology Network, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, México City 07320, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo Rincón
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Cancerology, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruiz-García
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Cancerology, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Abelardo Meneses García
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Cancerology, México City 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Horacio Astudillo-De La Vega
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research and Cellular Therapy, National Medical Center 'Century XXI', México City 06720, Mexico
| | - David Isla-Ortiz
- Department of Oncologic Surgery, National Institute of Cancerology, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Molecular Biomedicine Program and Biotechnology Network, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, México City 07320, Mexico
| | - Yarely M Salinas-Vera
- Genomics Sciences Program, Autonomous University of Mexico City, México City 03100, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Sullivan López-González
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosio Villegas', Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rosalio Ramos-Payan
- Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Culiacan, Culiacan Sinaloa 80040, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Genomics Sciences Program, Autonomous University of Mexico City, México City 03100, Mexico
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