A functional polymorphism rs10830963 in melatonin receptor 1B associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

Genetic Susceptibility, Mendelian Randomization, and Nomogram Model Construction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

CONTEXT

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-complicated disease that poses a risk to maternal and infant health. However, the etiology of the disease has been not yet elucidated.

OBJECTIVE

To detect the genetic susceptibility and construct a nomogram model with significantly associated polymorphisms and key clinical indicators for early prediction of GDM.

METHODS

Eleven functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) screened by genome-wide association study were genotyped in 554 GDM cases and 641 healthy controls. Functional analysis of GDM positively associated SNPs, multivariate mendelian randomization (MVMR), and a GDM early predictive nomogram model construction were performed.

RESULT

rs1965211, rs3760675, and rs7814359 were significantly associated with genetic susceptibility to GDM after adjusting age and prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI). It seems that GDM-associated SNPs have effects on regulating target gene transcription factor binding, posttranscriptional splicing, and translation product structure. Besides, rs3760675 can be expression quantitative trait loci and increase the XAB2 mRNA expression level (P = .047). The MVMR analysis showed that the increase of clinical variables of BMI, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) had significant causal effects on GDM (BMI-ORMVMR = 1.52, HbA1c-ORMVMR = 1.32, FPG-ORMVMR = 1.78), P < .05. A nomogram model constructed with pre-BMI, FPG, HbA1c, and genotypes of rs1965211, rs3760675, and rs7814359 showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.824.

CONCLUSION

Functional polymorphisms can change women's susceptibility to GDM and the predictive nomogram model based on genetic and environmental factors can effectively distinguish individuals with different GDM risks in early stages of pregnancy.

MTNR1B gene variations and high pre-pregnancy BMI increase gestational diabetes mellitus risk in Chinese women

AIM

To investigate the association of melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene variations and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

MATERIALS AND METHOD

In this study, 1566 Chinese Han pregnant women were enrolled and multiple genetic models were used to evaluate the association between MTNR1B gene polymorphisms and the risk of GDM. The clinical value of pre-pregnancy BMI in predicting GDM was analyzed and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Several methods of analysis were used to examine the impact of gene-gene and gene-BMI interactions on the incidence of GDM influence.

RESULTS

For the MTNR1B gene, rs1387153 (C > T), rs10830962 (C > G), rs4753426 (T > C), and rs10830963 (C > G) are all risk mutations associated with the susceptibility of GDM. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the BMI demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.595. Alongside, the sensitivity and specificity stood at 0.676 and 0.474 respectively. The maximum Joden index was found to be 0.150, with a corresponding critical BMI value of 20.5691 kg/m2. Interaction analysis revealed that gene-gene and gene-BMI interactions had no significant effect on GDM occurrence.

CONCLUSION

MTNR1B genetic variations confers the risk to GDM in Chinese women. Furthermore, the high pre-pregnancy BMI (≥20.5691 kg/m2) significantly increases the risk of GDM in Chinese women.

Genetic variants of ERBB4 gene and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a susceptibility and diagnostic nomogram study

Introduction

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is one of the common complications of female pregnancy, which seriously affects the health of mothers and their offspring. So far, the etiology has not been fully clarified.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted to clarify the relationship between Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) functional tag genetic variants (rs1595064, rs1595065, rs1595066 and rs6719645) and the risk of GDM. Associations between variants and GDM risk were evaluated with the odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subsequently, the false-positive reporting probability (FPRP), multi-factor dimension reduction (MDR) and bioinformatics analysis were adopted to confirm the significant associations. A nomogram model was constructed to predict the risk of GDM.

Results

Association analysis demonstrated that rs1595066 TT genotype performed a protective effect on GDM risk among all subjects (TT vs. CC: adjusted OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.38 - 0.94, P = 0.026; TT vs. CC/CT: adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40 - 0.95, P = 0.027). Meanwhile, stratified analysis showed that rs1595066 TT can also reduce the GDM risk in age > 30.09 years old, pre-pregnancy BMI > 22.23 Kg/m2, SBP ≤ 110.08 mmHg, etc subgroups. Interactions between rs1595066 and DBP (P interaction = 0.01), FPG (P interaction < 0.001) and HbA1c (P interaction < 0.001) were detected. The FPRP analysis confirmed that association between rs1595066 and GDM risk in subjects of FPG < 4.79 mmol/L (P = 0.199) is true. The MDR analysis showed that rs1595066 was the best single locus model while the 4-loci model was the best multiple factors model to predict GDM risk. Functional prediction revealed that rs1595066 may disturb the stability of miRNA-mRNA binding. The predictive nomogram model has a well consistence and acceptable discriminative ability with a diagnosed AUC of 0.813.

Discussion

ERBB4 variants can change an individual's susceptibility to GDM via the interaction of gene-gene, gene-environment and changes in the regulatory effects of miRNAs on ERBB4 expression.

Gene-Diet Interactions: Viability of Lactoferrin-Fortified Yoghurt as an Element of Diet Therapy in Patients Predisposed to Overweight and Obesity

Given the availability of molecular tools, population studies increasingly include the gen-diet interactions in their considerations. The use of these interactions allows for the obtaining of more uniform research groups. In practice, this translates into the possibility of reducing the size of the research group while maintaining the precision of the research. The research results obtained in this way can be used to select certain ingredients and foods in a dietary intervention with a higher degree of personalisation. In both prophylaxis and dietary therapy of overweight and obesity, the proper selection of bioactive ingredients best suited to the given group of consumers is of key importance. Hence, the aim of the presented study was to assess the effectiveness of a dietary intervention with the use of lactoferrin (LF)-fortified yoghurt, in terms of the ability to regulate body weight and carbohydrate metabolism in individuals whose genomes contained single nucleotide polymorphisms that predisposed them to increased accumulation of fatty tissue and consequently overweight or obesity. A group of 137 participants (98 women and 37 men) of Polish origin were screened for the presence of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs993960-FTO gene, rs7903146-TCF7L2 gene, rs10830963-MTNR1B gene, and rs1121980-FTO gene). Subsequently, a group of 19 participants diagnosed with the presence of risk factors within said SNPs underwent a 21-day dietary intervention (crossover study) with the use of yoghurt fortified with lactoferrin (200 mg/day). The results of the study revealed a genetic difference between the Polish population and the European average, in terms of the SNPs analysed. The dietary intervention showed a statistically significantly higher efficiency in terms of body mass reduction (p = 0.000) and lowering the glycated haemoglobin ratio (HbA1c) (p = 0.000) when consuming specially prepared yoghurt containing lactoferrin, as compared to results registered for unfortified yoghurt. Given the above, yoghurt fortified with LF should be considered as a viable element of diet therapy in overweight and obese patients diagnosed with risk factors within the analysed polymorphisms.

Molecular Mechanisms of the Melatonin Receptor Pathway Linking Circadian Rhythm to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Night-shift work and sleep disorders are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and circadian rhythm disruption is intrinsically involved. Studies have identified several signaling pathways that separately link two melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) to insulin secretion and T2DM occurrence, but a comprehensive explanation of the molecular mechanism to elucidate the association between these receptors to T2DM, reasonably and precisely, has been lacking. This review thoroughly explicates the signaling system, which consists of four important pathways, linking melatonin receptors MT1 or MT2 to insulin secretion. Then, the association of the circadian rhythm with MTNR1B transcription is extensively expounded. Finally, a concrete molecular and evolutionary mechanism underlying the macroscopic association between the circadian rhythm and T2DM is established. This review provides new insights into the pathology, treatment, and prevention of T2DM.

The Role of Melatonin in Pregnancy and the Health Benefits for the Newborn

In the last few years, there have been significant evolutions in the understanding of the hormone melatonin in terms of its physiology, regulatory role, and potential utility in various domains of clinical medicine. Melatonin's properties include, among others, the regulation of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects, sleep promotion and immune enhancement. As it is also bioavailable and has little or no toxicity, it has been proposed as safe and effective for the treatment of numerous diseases and to preserve human health. In this manuscript, we tried to evaluate the role of melatonin at the beginning of human life, in pregnancy, in the fetus and in newborns through newly published literature studies.

The severity of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, decreased elastic properties and tone of peripheral vessels in patients with different POAG course variants, depending on the polymorphism of the genes of the biological clock

The purpose is to find out the relations of the vascular endothelium dysfunction, atherosclerotic damage to the vessels of the upper and lower limbs, the state of the antioxidant and prooxidant systems, and the lipid profile in patients with different POAG course — carriers of biological clock gene polymorphism.Materials and methods. 47 patients with advanced POAG underwent an examination that included visometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, perimetry, tonometry, thermometry, as well as determination of lipid metabolism, indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant system. All patients were also tested for the degree of endothelial dysfunction by reactive hyperemia method, and the elastic properties and vascular wall tone by the volumetric sphygmomanometry method. POAG progression was determined by static automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography. The hospitalized patients were examined for daily melatonin profile and key biological clock genes typed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The genetic material was taken by buccal scraping. Polymorphic variants were identified for CLOCK rs1801260 3111T/C and MTNR1B genes. 16 patients (S-POAG — 8, A-POAG — 8) were tested for melatonin taken from saliva samples at different times of the day in laboratory conditions with controlled nutrition and lighting using the DLMO protocol.Results. The predictors of glaucoma progression were found to be pronounced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which contribute to the acceleration of atherogenesis and a decrease in the elastic properties of the vascular wall of peripheral vessels. Clock 3111t-c circadian gene polymorphism was found to be interrelated with lipid metabolism disorders and increased lipid peroxidation in patients with POAG progression. Carriers of the G allele of the MTNR1B gene tend to have a higher level of triglyceride (TG) which grows in the evening hours if glaucoma is progressing. We showed that the phasal and amplitude characteristics of daily melatonin level, rather than its average level, may affect the state of the vascular wall of peripheral vessels in POAG patients.Conclusion. POAG progression is associated with pronounced oxidative stress, weakened antioxidant protection and dyslipoproteinemia. Differences in the lipid profile (dyslipidemia) and the indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in patients with stable and progressing glaucoma course are mutually related with Clock 3111t-c gene polymorphism (CG genotype).

Membrane Melatonin Receptors Activated Cell Signaling in Physiology and Disease

The pineal hormone melatonin has attracted great scientific interest since its discovery in 1958. Despite the enormous number of basic and clinical studies the exact role of melatonin in respect to human physiology remains elusive. In humans, two high-affinity receptors for melatonin, MT1 and MT2, belonging to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been cloned and identified. The two receptor types activate Gi proteins and MT2 couples additionally to Gq proteins to modulate intracellular events. The individual effects of MT1 and MT2 receptor activation in a variety of cells are complemented by their ability to form homo- and heterodimers, the functional relevance of which is yet to be confirmed. Recently, several melatonin receptor genetic polymorphisms were discovered and implicated in pathology-for instance in type 2 diabetes, autoimmune disease, and cancer. The circadian patterns of melatonin secretion, its pleiotropic effects depending on cell type and condition, and the already demonstrated cross-talks of melatonin receptors with other signal transduction pathways further contribute to the perplexity of research on the role of the pineal hormone in humans. In this review we try to summarize the current knowledge on the membrane melatonin receptor activated cell signaling in physiology and pathology and their relevance to certain disease conditions including cancer.

Association between functional genetic variants in retinoid X receptor-α/γ and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a southern Chinese population

To clarify the effect of retinoid X receptor-α/γ (RXR-α/γ) genes functional genetic variants (RXR-α rs4842194 G>A, RXR-γ rs100537 A>G and rs2134095 T>C) on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a case–control study with 573 GDM patients and 740 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance was performed in Guangxi area of China. An odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strengths of the association between genetic variation and GDM. After adjustment of age and pre-BMI, the logistic regression analysis showed that the rs2134095 was significantly associated with GDM risk (CC vs. TT/TC: adjusted OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.56–0.90) in all subjects, and this result remained highly significant after Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing (P=0.004). The stratified analysis showed that rs2134095 was significantly associated with the risk of GDM among age > 30 years (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39–0.97), BMI > 22 kg/m² (adjusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.30–0.70), systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 120 mmHg (adjusted OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.14–3.36), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 6.5% (adjusted OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.11–1.78), TG ≤ 1.7 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.45–4.53), TC ≤ 5.18 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.13–2.22), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ≤ 1.5 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.16–2.49) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) > 3.12 mmol/l (adjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.08–2.00) subjects, under the recessive genetic model. We also found that rs2134095 interacted with age (P_interaction=0.039), pre-BMI (P_interaction=0.040) and TG (P_interaction=0.025) influencing individual’s genetic susceptibility to GDM. The rs2134095 T>C is significantly associated with the risk of GDM by effect of a single locus and/or complex joint gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. Larger sample-size and different population studies are required to confirm the findings.

Deregulated microRNA-22-3p in patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury serves as a new biomarker to predict disease occurrence and 28-day survival outcomes

BACKGROUND

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication of sepsis. MicroRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) has been found to be involved in septic AKI progression. The purpose of this study was to analyze both the serum and urinary expression of miR-22-3p in septic AKI patients, and evaluated the clinical value of miR-22-3p in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis-induced AKI.

METHODS

Serum and urinary expression of miR-22-3p was examined using qRT-PCR. The risk factors related with septic AKI onset were assessed using logistic analysis. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of miR-22-3p, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the predictive value of miR-22-3p for the 28-day survival of septic AKI patients.

RESULTS

Both serum and urinary miR-22-3p expression was decreased and negatively correlated with kidney injury biomarkers in septic AKI patients. MiR-22-3p expression was a risk factor for AKI onset and had diagnostic accuracy in septic AKI patients. The expression of both serum and urinary miR-22-3p was lower in patients who died, and served as a prognostic biomarker to predict 28-day survival in septic AKI patients.

CONCLUSION

Serum and urinary miR-22-3p was reduced in sepsis-induced AKI patients, and served as a biomarker to predict AKI occurrence and 28-day survival in sepsis patients.

Relationship between melatonin and high-risk pregnancy: A review of investigations published between the years 2010 and 2020

The purpose of this review was to search for articles on human studies investigating the relationship between melatonin and high-risk pregnancy. An electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE and PubMed databases from September 2010 to October 2020. The initial search produced 441 articles in PubMed and 407 in MEDLINE. After sorting the titles and abstracts, and removing duplicates, we had nine articles in PubMed and three in Medline. The results of these studies mainly show that the association between melatonin receptor 1B polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common physiological mechanism relating to melatonin and high-risk pregnancy in this review. In addition, the circadian rhythm, decreased melatonin production, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were explored. The findings of our review of the literature suggest that this indoleamine is essential in high-risk pregnancy for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, regulation of the circadian rhythm, and genic receptor expression.

Chronological Age Interacts with the Circadian Melatonin Receptor 1B Gene Variation, Determining Fasting Glucose Concentrations in Mediterranean Populations. Additional Analyses on Type-2 Diabetes Risk

Gene-age interactions have not been systematically investigated on metabolic phenotypes and this modulation will be key for a better understanding of the temporal regulation in nutrigenomics. Taking into account that aging is typically associated with both impairment of the circadian system and a decrease in melatonin secretion, we focused on the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B)-rs10830963 C>G variant that has been associated with fasting glucose concentrations, gestational diabetes, and type-2 diabetes. Therefore, our main aim was to investigate whether the association between the MTNR1B-rs10830963 polymorphism and fasting glucose is age dependent. Our secondary aims were to analyze the polymorphism association with type-2 diabetes and explore the gene-pregnancies interactions on the later type-2 diabetes risk. Three Mediterranean cohorts (n = 2823) were analyzed. First, a cross-sectional study in the discovery cohort consisting of 1378 participants (aged 18 to 80 years; mean age 41 years) from the general population was carried out. To validate and extend the results, two replication cohorts consisting of elderly individuals were studied. In the discovery cohort, we observed a strong gene-age interaction (p = 0.001), determining fasting glucose in such a way that the increasing effect of the risk G-allele was much greater in young (p = 5.9 × 10^-10) than in elderly participants (p = 0.805). Consistently, the association of the MTNR1B-rs10830963 polymorphism with fasting glucose concentrations in the two replication cohorts (mean age over 65 years) did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05 for both). However, in the elderly cohorts, significant associations between the polymorphism and type-2 diabetes at baseline were found. Moreover, in one of the cohorts, we obtained a statistically significant interaction between the MTNR1B polymorphism and the number of pregnancies, retrospectively assessed, on the type-2 diabetes risk. In conclusion, the association of the MTNR1B-rs10830963 polymorphism with fasting glucose is age-dependent, having a greater effect in younger people. However, in elderly subjects, associations of the polymorphism with type-2 diabetes were observed and our exploratory analysis suggested a modulatory effect of the number of past pregnancies on the future type-2 diabetes genetic risk.

Comments on: A functional polymorphism rs10830963 in melatonin receptor 1B associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

We have read with great interest the accepted manuscript of the meta-analysis performed by Huang, et al. titled "A functional polymorphism rs10830963 in melatonin receptor 1B associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus" published online in the 2019 December 6 issue of Bioscience Reports (https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20190744). We do agree with the authors' final conclusion that such a meta-analysis should eventually confirm that the MTNR1B rs10830963 G allele is significantly associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) development in pregnant populations with Asian and European ancestry. However we have surprisingly found that our genetic association study (PLoS One (2017), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169781) was included in this meta-analysis, but with mistakenly calculated odds ratios (OR). Therefore we would suggest to use the correct OR values based on our original publication that were already indicating a high genetic effect size for the MTNR1B rs10830963 risk variant on GDM development.

Reply to Comments on 'A functional polymorphism rs10830963 in melatonin receptor 1B associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus'

Th authors of ‘A functional polymorphism rs10830963 in melatonin receptor 1B associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus’ (Bioscience Reports (2019) 39, 12) have written a reply in response to the correspondence piece by Rosta et al. (Bioscience Reports (2020) 40, 2).