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Chen Y, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Jiang M. Atoh1 overexpression promotes Guinea pig bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neural stem cell. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32952. [PMID: 38994119 PMCID: PMC11237998 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a prevalent condition in otolaryngology. A key obstacle is finding effective strategies for regenerating damaged cochlear hair cells in adult animals. A practical and reliable approach has been developed to create a superior cell source for stem cell transplantation in the inner ear to treat SNHL. Atoh1 is involved in the differentiation of neurons, intestinal secretory cells, and mechanoreceptors including auditory hair cells, and thus plays an important role in neurogenesis. Lentivirus-mediated transfection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was utilized to achieve stable expression of the essential transcription factor Atoh1, which is crucial for developing auditory hair cells without compromising cell survival. By manipulating the induction conditions through altering the cell growth environment using anti-adherent culture, the synergistic impact of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) was effectively applied to significantly improve the differentiation efficiency of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) into neural stem cells (NSCs) following Atoh1 transfection, thereby reducing the induction time. The study indicated that the newly proposed transdifferentiation method effectively transformed BMSCs into NSCs in a controlled environment, presenting a potential approach for stem cell transplantation to promote hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital (Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510240, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital (Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510240, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital (Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510240, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital (Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510240, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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2
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Yu Y, Gao Y, Zeng Y, Ge W, Tang C, Xie X, Liu L. Multifunctional hyaluronic acid/gelatin methacryloyl core-shell microneedle for comprehensively treating oral mucosal ulcers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131221. [PMID: 38554926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Oral ulceration is the most common oral mucosal disease. Oral mucosal ulcers are extremely painful, may interfere with eating and speaking, and potentially complicate systemic symptoms in severe cases. The humid and highly dynamic environment of the oral cavity makes local drug administration for treating oral mucosal ulcers challenging. To overcome these challenges, we designed and prepared a novel dissolving microneedle (MN) patch containing multiple drugs in a core-shell to promote oral ulcer healing. The MNs contained a methacrylate gelatin shell layer of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a hyaluronic acid (HA) core loaded with dexamethasone (DXMS), and zeolite imidazoline framework-8 (ZIF-8) encapsulated in the HA-based backplane. Progressive degradation of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) from the tip of the MN patch in the oral mucosa resulted in sustained bFGF release at the lesion site, significantly promoting cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the rapid release of HA and, subsequently, DXMS inhibited inflammation, and the remaining MN backing after the tip dissolved behaved as a dressing, releasing ZIF-8 for its antimicrobial effects. This novel, multifunctional, transmucosal core-shell MN patch exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and pro-healing effects in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that it can promote oral ulcer healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yijun Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yiyu Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Wenhui Ge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chengxuan Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical university, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Liangle Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical university, Wenzhou 325200, China..
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3
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Najeeb S, Manekia FA, Sadiq MSK, Adanir N, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Heboyan A. The effect of fibroblast growth factor-2 on the outcomes of tooth replantation: A systematic review of animal studies. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241228964. [PMID: 38489928 PMCID: PMC10943733 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241228964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background/Aim: The ideal treatment of tooth avulsion is replantation. However, replanting teeth may lead to root resorption. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a cytokine that plays an important role in wound repair and tissue regeneration. Recently, FGF-2 has been studied a potential regenerative agent to prevent root resorption and ankylosis. The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize the currently available literature focusing on using FGF-2 based regenerative modalities to improve the outcomes of tooth replantation. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted via PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Knowledge, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms "Basic fibroblast growth factor," "Fibroblast growth factor-2," "tooth replantation," and "replantation" for studies published between January 2001 and June 2021. Data was extracted and quality assessment was carried using the ARRIVE guidelines. Results: Nine animal studies were included in this review. In six studies, FGF-2 had a favorable effect on the tissue regeneration around roots of replanted teeth when compared to other treatment groups. However, quality assessment of the studies revealed many sources of bias and deficiencies in the studies. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that FGF-2 may improve the outcomes of delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. However, more long-term animal studies, with improved experimental designs, and clinical trials are required to determine the clinical potential of the growth factor in improving the outcomes of delayed tooth replantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Evidentia Dental Outcomes Research, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Shahrukh Khan Sadiq
- Department of Oral Pathology, Bahria University Dental College, Bahria University Health Ciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Necdet Adanir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Current affiliation: Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawwarrah, Saudi Arabia
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Current affiliation: Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, Armenia
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4
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Yang L, Xie F, Li Y, Lu Y, Li B, Hong S, Tang J, Liu J, Cheng J, He Y, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Chen M, Li L, Yao L, Yan S, Cai J, Hong L. Chitin-based hydrogel loaded with bFGF and SDF-1 for inducing endogenous mesenchymal stem cells homing to improve stress urinary incontinence. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121144. [PMID: 37567701 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonoperative treatments for Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) represent an ideal treatment method. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) treatment is a new modality, but there is a lack of research in the field of gynecological pelvic floor and no good method to induce internal MSC homing to improve SUI. Herein, we develop an injectable and self-healing hydrogel derived from β-chitin which consists of an amino group of quaternized β-chitin (QC) and an aldehyde group of oxidized dextran (OD) between the dynamic Schiff base linkage.it can carry bFGF and SDF-1a and be injected into the vaginal forearm of mice in a non-invasive manner. It provides sling-like physical support to the anterior vaginal wall in the early stages. In the later stage, it slowly releasing factors and promoting the homing of MSCs in vivo, which can improve the local microenvironment, increase collagen deposition, repair the tissue around urethra and finally improve SUI (Scheme 1). This is the first bold attempt in the field of pelvic floor using hydrogel mechanical support combined with MSCs homing and the first application of chitin hydrogel in gynecology. We think the regenerative medicine approach based on bFGF/SDF-1/chitin hydrogel may be an effective non-surgical approach to combat clinical SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Xie
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingshu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichao Yao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cai
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Qin B, Wu S, Dong H, Deng S, Liu Y, Zhang W, Feng G, Lei L, Xie H. Accelerated Healing of Infected Diabetic Wounds by a Dual-Layered Adhesive Film Cored with Microsphere-Loaded Hydrogel Composite Dressing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:33207-33222. [PMID: 37418597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds, a prevalent chronic disease, are associated with older age. The hyperglycemic microenvironment in diabetic wounds significantly reduces the immune system, inducing bacterial invasion. The coupling of tissue repair and antibacterial treatment is critical for infected diabetic ulcer regeneration. In this study, a dual-layered sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan (SA/CMCS) adhesive film cored with an SA-bFGF microsphere-loaded small intestine submucosa (SIS) hydrogel composite dressing with a graphene oxide (GO)-based antisense transformation system was developed to promote infected diabetic wound healing and bacterial eradication. Initially, our injectable SIS-based hydrogel composite stimulated angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and immunoregulation in diabetic wound repair. The GO-based transformation system subsequently inhibited bacterial viability in infected wounds by post-transformation regulation. Meanwhile, the SA/CMCS film provided stable adhesion covering the wound area to maintain a moist microenvironment, which promoted in situ tissue repair. Our findings provide a promising clinical translation strategy for promoting the healing of infected diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boquan Qin
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Shizhou Wu
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hongxian Dong
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Shu Deng
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215-1300, United States
| | - Yunjie Liu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Guoying Feng
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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6
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Ren Y, Fan L, Alkildani S, Liu L, Emmert S, Najman S, Rimashevskiy D, Schnettler R, Jung O, Xiong X, Barbeck M. Barrier Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR): A Focus on Recent Advances in Collagen Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314987. [PMID: 36499315 PMCID: PMC9735671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has become a clinically standard modality for the treatment of localized jawbone defects. Barrier membranes play an important role in this process by preventing soft tissue invasion outgoing from the mucosa and creating an underlying space to support bone growth. Different membrane types provide different biological mechanisms due to their different origins, preparation methods and structures. Among them, collagen membranes have attracted great interest due to their excellent biological properties and desired bone regeneration results to non-absorbable membranes even without a second surgery for removal. This work provides a comparative summary of common barrier membranes used in GBR, focusing on recent advances in collagen membranes and their biological mechanisms. In conclusion, the review article highlights the biological and regenerative properties of currently available barrier membranes with a particular focus on bioresorbable collagen-based materials. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these biomaterials are highlighted, and possible improvements for future material developments are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Ren
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- BerlinAnalytix GmbH, 12109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lu Fan
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Luo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stevo Najman
- Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Denis Rimashevskiy
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- University Medical Centre, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ole Jung
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xin Xiong
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Mike Barbeck
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- BerlinAnalytix GmbH, 12109 Berlin, Germany
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100013, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-176-81022467
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7
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Chen Y, Chen L, Zhou M, Yi S, Ran J, Long Y, Luo J, Tian K. Can delayed grafting of frozen teeth achieve periodontal ligament healing? Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Li Z, Lin H, Shi S, Su K, Zheng G, Gao S, Zeng X, Ning H, Yu M, Li X, Liao G. Controlled and Sequential Delivery of Stromal Derived Factor-1 α (SDF-1α) and Magnesium Ions from Bifunctional Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142872. [PMID: 35890649 PMCID: PMC9315491 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone healing is a complex process that requires the participation of cells and bioactive factors. Stromal derived factor-1 α (SDF-1α) and magnesium ions (Mg2+) both are significant bioactive factors for cell recruitment and osteogenesis during bone regeneration. Thus, a bifunctional hydrogel containing a sequential delivery system is fabricated to improve osteogenesis. During sequential delivery of the hydrogel, SDF-1α is predominantly released at the early stage of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) recruitment, while Mg2+ are constantly delivered at a later stage to improve osteogenic differentiation of recruited cells. In addition, due to the early release of SDF-1α, the hydrogel showed strong BMSCs recruitment and proliferation activity. Mg2+ can not only induce up-regulation of osteogenic gene expression in vitro, but also promote bone tissue and angiogenesis in vivo. Taken together, the injection of xanthan gum-polydopamine crosslinked hydrogel co-loading SDF-1α and Mg2+ (XPMS hydrogel) provides a novel strategy to repair bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.L.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Huimin Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Shanwei Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.L.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Kai Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.L.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Guangsen Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.L.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Siyong Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.L.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Z.); (H.N.)
| | - Honglong Ning
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.Z.); (H.N.)
| | - Meng Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (X.L.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-15332176225 (M.Y.); +86-18675951079 (X.L.); +86-13500020072 (G.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.L.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (X.L.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-15332176225 (M.Y.); +86-18675951079 (X.L.); +86-13500020072 (G.L.)
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (Z.L.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (G.Z.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (X.L.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-15332176225 (M.Y.); +86-18675951079 (X.L.); +86-13500020072 (G.L.)
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9
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Yang T, Tang S, Peng S, Ding G. The Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Oral Cancer and Possible Therapy Regime. Front Genet 2022; 13:949770. [PMID: 35846142 PMCID: PMC9280436 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.949770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by self-renewal, rapid proliferation, multipotent differentiation, and low immunogenicity. In addition, the tropism of MSCs towards injured tissues and tumor lesions makes them attractive candidates as cell carriers for therapeutic agent delivery and genetic material transfer. The interaction between tumor cells and MSCs in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression. Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the head and neck. Although considerable improvements in the treatment of oral cancer were achieved, more effective and safer novel agents and treatments are still needed, and deeper studies on the etiology, pathology, and treatment of the oral cancer are desirable. In the past decades, many studies have reported the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapies in the treatment of various diseases, including oral cancers. Meanwhile, other studies demonstrated that MSCs may enhance the growth and metastasis of oral cancer. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of the effects of MSCs on oral cancers, the underlying mechanisms, and their potential applications in the treatment of oral cancers.
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10
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Modulation of the Immune System Promotes Tissue Regeneration. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:599-610. [PMID: 35022994 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays an essential role in the angiogenesis, repair, and regeneration of damaged tissues. Therefore, the design of scaffolds that manipulate immune cells and factors in such a way that could accelerate the repair of damaged tissues, following implantation, is one of the main goals of regenerative medicine. However, before manipulating the immune system, the function of the various components of the immune system during the repair process should be well understood and the fabrication conditions of the manipulated scaffolds should be brought closer to the physiological state of the body. In this article, we first review the studies aimed at the role of distinct immune cell populations in angiogenesis and support of damaged tissue repair. In the second part, we discuss the use of strategies that promote tissue regeneration by modulating the immune system. Given that various studies have shown an increase in tissue repair rate with the addition of stem cells and growth factors to the scaffolds, and regarding the limited resources of stem cells, we suggest the design of scaffolds that are capable to develop repair of damaged tissue by manipulating the immune system and create an alternative for repair strategies that use stem cells or growth factors.
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Zhang SY, Ren JY, Yang B. Priming strategies for controlling stem cell fate: Applications and challenges in dental tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1625-1646. [PMID: 34909115 PMCID: PMC8641023 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted intense interest in the field of dental tissue regeneration. Dental tissue is a popular source of MSCs because MSCs can be obtained with minimally invasive procedures. MSCs possess distinct inherent properties of self-renewal, immunomodulation, proangiogenic potential, and multilineage potency, as well as being readily available and easy to culture. However, major issues, including poor engraftment and low survival rates in vivo, remain to be resolved before large-scale application is feasible in clinical treatments. Thus, some recent investigations have sought ways to optimize MSC functions in vitro and in vivo. Currently, priming culture conditions, pretreatment with mechanical and physical stimuli, preconditioning with cytokines and growth factors, and genetic modification of MSCs are considered to be the main strategies; all of which could contribute to improving MSC efficacy in dental regenerative medicine. Research in this field has made tremendous progress and continues to gather interest and stimulate innovation. In this review, we summarize the priming approaches for enhancing the intrinsic biological properties of MSCs such as migration, antiapoptotic effect, proangiogenic potential, and regenerative properties. Challenges in current approaches associated with MSC modification and possible future solutions are also indicated. We aim to outline the present understanding of priming approaches to improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs on dental tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Yin Ren
- Department of Oral Radiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Farimani Z, Shamshiri AR, Asl Roosta H, Akbari S, Bohlouli M. Regenerative benefits of using growth factors in treatment of periodontal defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis on preclinical studies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:964-997. [PMID: 34480421 DOI: 10.1002/term.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal in periodontal treatments is to achieve a functional and anatomical regeneration of the lost tissues. Numerous studies have in some way illustrated the beneficial effects of biologic modifiers in this process, yet they are subject to a rather large degree of diversity in their results. Thanks to the promising outcomes of bioengineering techniques in the field of periodontal regeneration, this systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of various biologic modifiers used in periodontal defects of animal models. Electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched (March 2010-December 2020) for every study that used biomolecules for regeneration of periodontal osseous defects in animal models. Regenerated bone height or area, new cementum, new connective tissues, new regenerated periodontal ligament and the dimensions of epithelial attachment (either in mm/mm2 or percentage) were the investigated outcomes. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the SYRCLE tool. In closing, there was a meta-analysis carried out on the outcomes of interest. Trial Sequential Analysis was also carried out to figure out the power of meta-analytic outcomes. From 1995 studies which were found in the initial search, 34 studies were included in this review, and 20 of them were selected for the meta-analysis. The eligible studies were categorized according to the morphology of the experimental periodontal defects as one-, two-, and three-wall intrabony defects; furcation defects, and recession-type defects. The most studied biomolecules were rhFGF-2, rhGDF-5, platelet-derived growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Based on the meta-analysis findings, combined application of biomolecules with regenerative treatments could improve new bone and cementum formation near 1 mm when compared to the control groups in one, two and three-wall intrabony defect models (p < 0.001). In furcation grade II defect, the addition of biomolecules was observed to enhance bone area gain and cementum height regeneration up to almost 2 mm (p < 0.001). Trial Sequential Analysis results confirmed the significant effect in the aforementioned meta-analyses. In cases of the buccal recession model, the application of rhFGF-2 and rhGDF-5 decreased the dimension of epithelial attachments besides regenerative advantages on bone and cementum formation, but EMD deposition exerted no inhibitory effect on epithelial down-growth. Application of biologic modifiers especially FGF-2 and GDF-5, could positively improve the regeneration of periodontal tissues, particularly cementum and bone in animal models. Trial Sequential Analysis confirmed the results but the power of the evidences was high just in some subgroup meta-analyses, like bone and cementum regeneration in furcation grade II model and cementum regeneration in one-wall intrabony defects. The outcomes of this study can potentially endow clinicians with guidelines for the appropriate application of growth factors in periodontal regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Farimani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoori Asl Roosta
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Akbari
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Bohlouli
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Virdee SS, Bashir N, Camilleri J, Cooper PR, Tomson P. Exploiting dentine matrix proteins in cell-free approaches for periradicular tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:707-732. [PMID: 34309453 PMCID: PMC9419954 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of mesenchymal stem cells within periapical lesions (PL-MSC) has presented novel opportunities for managing periradicular diseases in adult teeth by way of enhancing tissue regeneration. This discovery coincides with the current paradigm shift toward biologically driven treatment strategies in endodontics, which have typically been reserved for non-vital immature permanent teeth. One such approach that shows promise is utilizing local endogenous non-collagenous dentine extracellular matrix components (dECM) to recruit and upregulate the intrinsic regenerative capacity of PL-MSCs in situ. At picogram levels, these morphogens have demonstrated tremendous ability to enhance the cellular activities in in vitro and in vivo animal studies that would otherwise be necessary for periradicular regeneration. Briefly, these include proliferation, viability, migration, differentiation, and mineralization. Therefore, topical application of dECMs during ortho- or retrograde root canal treatment could potentially enhance and sustain the regenerative mechanisms within diseased periapical tissues that are responsible for attaining favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes. This would provide many advantages when compared with conventional antimicrobial-only therapies for apical periodontitis (AP), which do not directly stimulate healing and have had stagnant success rates over the past five decades despite significant advances in operative techniques. The aim of this narrative review was to present the novel concept of exploiting endogenous dECMs as clinical tools for treating AP in mature permanent teeth. A large scope of literature was summarized to discuss the issues associated with conventional treatment modalities; current knowledge surrounding PL-MSCs; composition of the dECM; inductive potentials of dECM morphogens in other odontogenic stem cell niches; how treatment protocols can be adapted to take advantage of dECMs and PL-MSCs; and finally, the challenges currently impeding successful clinical translation alongside directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satnam Singh Virdee
- University of Birmingham, 1724, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Nasir Bashir
- University of Birmingham, 1724, School of Dentistry, Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of Dentistry, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, B5 7SA;
| | - Josette Camilleri
- University of Birmingham, 1724, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Paul R Cooper
- University of Otago, 2495, Faculty of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand;
| | - Phillip Tomson
- University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, 150183, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, B5 7EG.,University of Birmingham;
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Chew JRJ, Tan BL, Lu JX, Tong HJ, Duggal MS. Cell-Based Therapy for Tooth Replantation Following Avulsion: A Systematic Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:351-363. [PMID: 33593127 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The management of avulsed teeth undergoing delayed replantation remains a clinical challenge as there are currently no effective interventions that can improve periodontal healing and prevent replacement root resorption. While several preclinical studies have reported varied success using cell-based tissue engineering to improve periodontal healing, a consensus is required before further clinical translation. Therefore, this systematic review seeks to evaluate the efficacy of cell-based therapy in promoting periodontal healing following delayed replantation in animal models. MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase were searched on September 27, 2020. Ten studies involving rodent and dog models met the inclusion criteria. Cell sources included gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), bone marrow, and adipose tissues. Generally, cell-based therapy had increased the proportion of root surfaces displaying periodontal healing and concomitantly reduced the proportion presenting with replacement root resorption and ankylosis. The best outcomes were observed following treatment with PDL-derived cells of various potency. Future preclinical studies will benefit from adopting measures to minimize bias during the conduct of animal experiments and the standardization of the outcome measures reporting. This will facilitate future reviews with possible pooling of results in the form of meta-analyses, allowing a consensus to be obtained from the literature. In addition, further research will be required to shed light on the implications of using allogeneic cells as well as the optimization of cell delivery protocols. The findings of this systematic review demonstrated the therapeutic potential of certain cell-based therapies in promoting periodontal healing following delayed replantation, thus highlighting their prospective clinical benefits and translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ren Jie Chew
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bing Liang Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacinta Xiaotong Lu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Jinn Tong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Distinct Expression Patterns of Cxcl12 in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niches of Intact and Injured Rodent Teeth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063024. [PMID: 33809663 PMCID: PMC8002260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific stem cell populations within dental mesenchymal tissues guarantee tooth homeostasis and regeneration throughout life. The decision between renewal and differentiation of stem cells is greatly influenced by interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix molecules that form the tissue specific stem cell niches. The Cxcl12 chemokine is a general marker of stromal cells and plays fundamental roles in the maintenance, mobilization and migration of stem cells. The aim of this study was to exploit Cxcl12-GFP transgenic mice to study the expression patterns of Cxcl12 in putative dental niches of intact and injured teeth. We showed that endothelial and stromal cells expressed Cxcl12 in the dental pulp tissue of both intact molars and incisors. Isolated non-endothelial Cxcl12+ dental pulp cells cultured in different conditions in vitro exhibited expression of both adipogenic and osteogenic markers, thus suggesting that these cells possess multipotent fates. Taken together, our results show that Cxcl12 is widely expressed in intact and injured teeth and highlight its importance as a key component of the various dental mesenchymal stem cell niches.
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Liang Q, Du L, Zhang R, Kang W, Ge S. Stromal cell-derived factor-1/Exendin-4 cotherapy facilitates the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro and promotes periodontal bone regeneration in vivo. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12997. [PMID: 33511708 PMCID: PMC7941242 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) actively directs endogenous cell homing. Exendin‐4 (EX‐4) promotes stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Studies revealed that EX‐4 strengthened SDF‐1‐mediated stem cell migration. However, the effects of SDF‐1 and EX‐4 on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone regeneration have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy on PDLSCs in vitro and periodontal bone regeneration in vivo. Methods Cell‐counting kit‐8 (CCK8), transwell assay, qRT‐PCR and western blot were used to determine the effects and mechanism of SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy on PDLSCs in vitro. A rat periodontal bone defect model was developed to evaluate the effects of topical application of SDF‐1 and systemic injection of EX‐4 on endogenous cell recruitment, osteoclastogenesis and bone regeneration in vivo. Results SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy had additive effects on PDLSC proliferation, migration, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineral deposition and osteogenesis‐related gene expression compared to SDF‐1 or EX‐4 in vitro. Pretreatment with ERK inhibitor U0126 blocked SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy induced ERK signal activation and PDLSC proliferation. SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy significantly promoted new bone formation, recruited more CXCR4+ cells and CD90+/CD34‐ stromal cells to the defects, enhanced early‐stage osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis‐related markers expression in regenerated bone compared to control, SDF‐1 or EX‐4 in vivo. Conclusions SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy synergistically regulated PDLSC activities, promoted periodontal bone formation, thereby providing a new strategy for periodontal bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Liang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Shandong, China
| | - Lingqian Du
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Shandong, China.,Department of Endodontics, Hospital of stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, China
| | - Wenyan Kang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Shandong, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan Shandong, China
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Elkhenany H, Elkodous MA, Newby SD, El-Derby AM, Dhar M, El-Badri N. Tissue Engineering Modalities and Nanotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55359-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Voga M, Adamic N, Vengust M, Majdic G. Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Current State and Treatment Options. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:278. [PMID: 32656249 PMCID: PMC7326035 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a branch of medicine that develops methods to grow, repair, or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissues. It has gained significant momentum in recent years. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the capability to self—renew and differentiate into tissue cells with specialized functions. Stem cell therapies are therefore used to overcome the body's inability to regenerate damaged tissues and metabolic processes after acute or chronic insult. The concept of stem cell therapy was first introduced in 1991 by Caplan, who proposed that massive differentiation of cells into the desired tissue could be achieved by isolation, cultivation, and expansion of stem cells in in vitro conditions. Among different stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) currently seem to be the most suitable for therapeutic purposes, based on their simple isolation and culturing techniques, and lack of ethical issues regarding their usage. Because of their remarkable immunomodulatory abilities, MSCs are increasingly gaining recognition in veterinary medicine. Developments are primarily driven by the limitations of current treatment options for various medical problems in different animal species. MSCs represent a possible therapeutic option for many animal diseases, such as orthopedic, orodental and digestive tract diseases, liver, renal, cardiac, respiratory, neuromuscular, dermal, olfactory, and reproductive system diseases. Although we are progressively gaining an understanding of MSC behavior and their mechanisms of action, some of the issues considering their use for therapy are yet to be resolved. The aim of this review is first to summarize the current knowledge and stress out major issues in stem cell based therapies in veterinary medicine and, secondly, to present results of clinical usage of stem cells in veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Voga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neza Adamic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Modest Vengust
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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