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Improta-Caria AC, Ferrari F, Gomes JLP, Villalta PB, Soci ÚPR, Stein R, Oliveira EM. Dysregulated microRNAs in type 2 diabetes and breast cancer: Potential associated molecular mechanisms. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1187-1198. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifaceted and heterogeneous syndrome associated with complications such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and notably, breast cancer (BC). The connection between T2D and BC is established through processes that involve insulin resistance, inflammation and other factors. Despite this comprehension the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms linking T2D to BC, especially through microRNAs (miRNAs), remain elusive. miRNAs are regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have the function of regulating target genes by modulating various signaling pathways and biological processes. However, the signaling pathways and biological processes regulated by miRNAs that are associated with T2D and BC have not yet been elucidated. This review aims to identify dysregulated miRNAs in both T2D and BC, exploring potential signaling pathways and biological processes that collectively contribute to the development of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Filipe Ferrari
- Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | - João Lucas Penteado Gomes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Paloma Brasilio Villalta
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Úrsula Paula Renó Soci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Stein
- Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | - Edilamar M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, United States
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Song H, Dai Q, Liu C. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Polymer-Based RNA Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400278. [PMID: 38803312 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics offer a broad prospect in cancer treatment. However, their successful application requires overcoming various physiological barriers to effectively deliver RNAs to the target sites. Currently, a number of RNA delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles are developed to overcome these barriers in RNA delivery. This work provides an overview of the existing RNA therapeutics for cancer gene therapy, and particularly summarizes those that are entering the clinical phase. This work then discusses the core features and latest research developments of tumor microenvironment-responsive polymer-based RNA delivery carriers which are designed based on the pathological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, this work also proposes opportunities for the transformation of RNA therapies into cancer immunotherapy methods in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haiqin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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3
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Abdul Manap AS, Wisham AA, Wong FW, Ahmad Najmi HR, Ng ZF, Diba RS. Mapping the function of MicroRNAs as a critical regulator of tumor-immune cell communication in breast cancer and potential treatment strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1390704. [PMID: 38726321 PMCID: PMC11079208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1390704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among women, breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent form of cancer, and the presence of metastases significantly reduces prognosis and diminishes overall survival rates. Gaining insights into the biological mechanisms governing the conversion of cancer cells, their subsequent spread to other areas of the body, and the immune system's monitoring of tumor growth will contribute to the advancement of more efficient and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, facilitating tumor cells' evasion of the immune system and promoting cancer progression. Additionally, miRNAs also influence metastasis formation, including the establishment of metastatic sites and the transformation of tumor cells into migratory phenotypes. Specifically, dysregulated expression of these genes has been associated with abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, thereby facilitating tumor development. This study aims to provide a concise overview of the significance and function of miRNAs in breast cancer, focusing on their involvement as tumor suppressors in the antitumor immune response and as oncogenes in metastasis formation. Furthermore, miRNAs hold tremendous potential as targets for gene therapy due to their ability to modulate specific pathways that can either promote or suppress carcinogenesis. This perspective highlights the latest strategies developed for miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fei Wen Wong
- Faculty of Biosciences, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Zhi Fei Ng
- Faculty of Biosciences, MAHSA University, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Makineli S, Vriens MR, Witkamp AJ, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. The Diagnostic Value of microRNA Expression Analysis in Detecting Intraductal Papillomas in Patients with Pathological Nipple Discharge. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1812. [PMID: 38339089 PMCID: PMC10855314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with pathological nipple discharge (PND) often undergo local surgical procedures because standard radiologic imaging fails to identify the underlying cause. MicroRNA (MiRNA) expression analysis of nipple fluid holds potential for distinguishing between breast diseases. This study aimed to compare miRNA expression levels between nipple fluids from patients with PND to identify possible relevant miRNAs that could differentiate between intraductal papillomas and no abnormalities in the breast tissue. Nipple fluid samples from patients with PND without radiological and pathological suspicion for malignancy who underwent a ductoscopy procedure were analyzed. We used univariate and multivariate regression analyses to identify nipple fluid miRNAs differing between pathologically confirmed papillomas and breast tissue without abnormalities. A total of 27 nipple fluid samples from patients with PND were included for miRNA expression analysis. Out of the 22 miRNAs examined, only miR-145-5p was significantly differentially expressed (upregulated) in nipple fluid from patients with an intraductal papilloma compared to patients showing no breast abnormalities (OR 4.76, p = 0.046), with a diagnostic accuracy of 92%. miR-145-5p expression in nipple fluid differs for intraductal papillomas and breast tissue without abnormalities and, therefore, has potential as a diagnostic marker to signal presence of papillomas in PND patients. However, further refinement and validation in clinical trials are necessary to establish its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Makineli
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.R.V.); (A.J.W.)
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Menno R. Vriens
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.R.V.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Arjen J. Witkamp
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.R.V.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Paul J. van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Cathy B. Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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5
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Lopez-Gonzalez L, Sanchez Cendra A, Sanchez Cendra C, Roberts Cervantes ED, Espinosa JC, Pekarek T, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Rodriguez-Slocker AM, Jiménez-Álvarez L, Guijarro LG, Aguado-Henche S, Monserrat J, Alvarez-Mon M, Pekarek L, Ortega MA, Diaz-Pedrero R. Exploring Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: Hallmarks of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up in Clinical Practice. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:168. [PMID: 38256428 PMCID: PMC10819101 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy in the present day, particularly affecting women as one of the most common forms of cancer. A significant portion of patients initially present with localized disease, for which curative treatments are pursued. Conversely, another substantial segment is diagnosed with metastatic disease, which has a worse prognosis. Recent years have witnessed a profound transformation in the prognosis for this latter group, primarily due to the discovery of various biomarkers and the emergence of targeted therapies. These biomarkers, encompassing serological, histological, and genetic indicators, have demonstrated their value across multiple aspects of breast cancer management. They play crucial roles in initial diagnosis, aiding in the detection of relapses during follow-up, guiding the application of targeted treatments, and offering valuable insights for prognostic stratification, especially for highly aggressive tumor types. Molecular markers have now become the keystone of metastatic breast cancer diagnosis, given the diverse array of chemotherapy options and treatment modalities available. These markers signify a transformative shift in the arsenal of therapeutic options against breast cancer. Their diagnostic precision enables the categorization of tumors with elevated risks of recurrence, increased aggressiveness, and heightened mortality. Furthermore, the existence of therapies tailored to target specific molecular anomalies triggers a cascade of changes in tumor behavior. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is to offer a comprehensive review of the clinical, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic utility of the principal biomarkers currently in use, as well as of their clinical impact on metastatic breast cancer. In doing so, our goal is to contribute to a more profound comprehension of this complex disease and, ultimately, to enhance patient outcomes through more precise and effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (A.M.R.-S.); (S.A.-H.); (R.D.-P.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Alicia Sanchez Cendra
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (A.S.C.); (C.S.C.); (E.D.R.C.); (J.C.E.)
| | - Cristina Sanchez Cendra
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (A.S.C.); (C.S.C.); (E.D.R.C.); (J.C.E.)
| | | | - Javier Cassinello Espinosa
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (A.S.C.); (C.S.C.); (E.D.R.C.); (J.C.E.)
| | - Tatiana Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (T.P.); (L.J.-Á.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (T.P.); (L.J.-Á.)
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (T.P.); (L.J.-Á.)
| | - Ana María Rodriguez-Slocker
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (A.M.R.-S.); (S.A.-H.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Laura Jiménez-Álvarez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (T.P.); (L.J.-Á.)
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Soledad Aguado-Henche
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (A.M.R.-S.); (S.A.-H.); (R.D.-P.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (T.P.); (L.J.-Á.)
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (T.P.); (L.J.-Á.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (A.S.C.); (C.S.C.); (E.D.R.C.); (J.C.E.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (T.P.); (L.J.-Á.)
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (T.P.); (L.J.-Á.)
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.L.-G.); (A.M.R.-S.); (S.A.-H.); (R.D.-P.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (L.G.G.); (M.A.-M.); (L.P.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain
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6
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Sahin Y, Altan Z, Karabulut A, Saadat KASM, Arslan A. The role of miR-223 in breast cancer; an integrated analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10179-10188. [PMID: 37924447 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common and leading cause of cancer-related death in women. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA fragments that play a role in regulating gene expression including the cancer-related pathways. Although dysregulation of miR-223 has been demonstrated in recent studies to have prognostic value in various cancers, its diagnostic and prognostic role in BRCA remains unknown. METHODS The expression and the prognostic value of miR-223 were evaluated using the TCGA data and verified by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, potential oncogenic targets of miR-223 were identified by using three different miRNA target prediction tools and the GEPIA database. In addition to these databases, protein-protein interaction network, molecular functions, prognostic value, and the expression level of miR-223 targets were included by using several other bioinformatics tools and databases; such as, UALCAN, GeneMANIA and Metascape. RESULTS The bioinformatic results demonstrated that miR-223 downregulated in BRCA and associated with poor prognosis of patients. In vitro experiments validated that miR-223 significantly downregulated in BRCA cells, MCF-7, SK-BR3, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1500, compared to normal breast cell line hTERT-HME1. Furthermore, ANLN, DYNLT1, LRRC59, SLC12A8 and TPM3 genes were identified as the potential oncogenic target genes of miR-223 based on their expression and prognosis in BRCA. Additionally, protein-protein interaction network of these target genes was mainly enriched in dynein intermediate chain binding, cell division, regulation of cell cycle process, and positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The results suggests that miR-223 and its targets, ANLN, DYNLT1, LRRC59, SLC12A8 and TPM3, might be reliable potential prognostic biomarkers in BRCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Sahin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Altan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Aydın Karabulut
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Health Sciences University, Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Sahane (Hamidiye) Kulliyesi, Uskudar, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Khandakar A S M Saadat
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arslan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Research and Application Hospital, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Suleymanpasa, Tekirdag, Turkey.
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7
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Overview of the miR-29 family members' function in breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123280. [PMID: 36652981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated the importance of microRNAs (miRs) in the biology of human malignancies by targeting multiple signaling pathways and different Messenger RNA transcripts. Despite conflicting information and controversial roles in diverse cancers, miR-29 has been mostly characterized as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer (BC). Several signaling axes, including TIMP3/STAT1/FOXO1, GATA3-miR-29b, and EZH2-miR-29b/miR-30d-LOXL4 are controlled, at least partially, by miR-29 family members to suppress proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of BC cells. In contrast, some other studies showed that miR-29 is notably elevated in the serum/tissue of BC patients and triggers migration and metastasis by targeting various genes and transcription factors such as tristetraprolin, N-myc interactor, and ten-eleven translocation 1. This disagreement can be explained by the fact that miR-29 family members have a variety of regulatory roles depending on their environment and signaling pathways. Long non-coding RNAs also can modulate miR-29 expression in BC. We summarized recent discoveries regarding the important value of the miR-29 family in BC, focusing on the effects of miR-29 up/down-regulation in different subtypes of BC. We also explored the effects of miR-29 in BC initiation and progression, invasion, and therapy resistance.
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8
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Jordan-Alejandre E, Campos-Parra AD, Castro-López DL, Silva-Cázares MB. Potential miRNA Use as a Biomarker: From Breast Cancer Diagnosis to Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040525. [PMID: 36831192 PMCID: PMC9954167 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Despite advances in diagnosis and prognosis, distal metastases occur in these patients in up to 15% of cases within 3 years of diagnosis. The main organs in which BC metastasises are the bones, lungs, liver, and brain. Unfortunately, 90% of metastatic patients will die, making this an incurable disease. Researchers are therefore seeking biomarkers for diagnosis and metastasis in different organs. Optimally, such biomarkers should be easy to detect using, preferably, non-invasive methods, such as using miRNA molecules, which are small molecules of about 22 nt that have as their main function the post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Furthermore, due to their uncomplicated detection and reproducibility in the laboratory, they are a tool of complementary interest for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. With this in mind, in this review, we focus on describing the most current studies that propose using miRNA independently as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prediction of brain, lung, liver, and bone metastases, as well as to open a window of opportunity to deepen this area of study to eventually use miRNAs molecules in clinical practice for the benefit of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euclides Jordan-Alejandre
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 03100, Mexico
| | - Alma D. Campos-Parra
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Dora Luz Castro-López
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78290, Mexico
| | - Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cázares
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78760, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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9
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The Role of Different Types of microRNA in the Pathogenesis of Breast and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031980. [PMID: 36768298 PMCID: PMC9916830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro ribonucleic acids (microRNAs or miRNAs) form a distinct subtype of non-coding RNA and are widely recognized as one of the most significant gene expression regulators in mammalian cells. Mechanistically, the regulation occurs through microRNA binding with its response elements in the 3'-untranslated region of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), resulting in the post-transcriptional silencing of genes, expressing target mRNAs. Compared to small interfering RNAs, microRNAs have more complex regulatory patterns, making them suitable for fine-tuning gene expressions in different tissues. Dysregulation of microRNAs is well known as one of the causative factors in malignant cell growth. Today, there are numerous data points regarding microRNAs in different cancer transcriptomes, the specificity of microRNA expression changes in various tissues, and the predictive value of specific microRNAs as cancer biomarkers. Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common cancer in women worldwide and seriously impairs patients' physical health. Its incidence has been predicted to rise further. Mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs play key roles in tumorigenesis and development. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men. Different microRNAs play an important role in PCa. Early diagnosis of BCa and PCa using microRNAs is very useful for improving individual outcomes in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized (3P) medicine, thereby reducing the economic burden. This article reviews the roles of different types of microRNA in BCa and PCa progression.
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10
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El-Toukhy SE, El-Daly SM, Kamel MM, Nabih HK. The diagnostic significance of circulating miRNAs and metabolite profiling in early prediction of breast cancer in Egyptian women. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04492-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed solid malignancies in women worldwide.
Purpose
Finding new non-invasive circulating diagnostic biomarkers will facilitate the early prediction of BC and provide valuable insight into disease progression and response to therapy using a safe and more accessible approach available every inspection time. Therefore, our present study aimed to investigate expression patterns of potentially circulating biomarkers that can differentiate well between benign, malignant, and healthy subjects.
Methods
To achieve our target, quantitative analyses were performed for some circulating biomarkers which have a role in the proliferation and tumor growth, as well as, glutamic acid, and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) in blood samples of BC patients in comparison to healthy controls using qRT-PCR, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), and ELISA.
Results
Our findings showed that the two miRNAs (miRNA-145, miRNA-382) were expressed at lower levels in BC sera than healthy control group, while miRNA-21 was expressed at higher levels in BC patients than control subjects. Area under ROC curves of BC samples revealed that AUC of miRNA-145, miRNA-382, miRNA-21, and glutamic acid was evaluated to equal 0.99, 1.00, 1.00 and 1.00, respectively. Besides, there was a significantly positive correlation between miRNA-145 and miRNA-382 (r = 0.737), and a highly significant positive correlation between miRNA-21 and glutamic acid (r = 0.385).
Conclusion
Based on our results, we conclude that the detection of serum miRNA-145, -382 and -21 as a panel along with glutamic acid, and circulating HER2 concentrations could be useful as a non-invasive diagnostic profiling for early prediction of breast cancer in Egyptian patients. It can provide an insight into disease progression, discriminate between malignancy and healthy control, and overcome the use limitations (low sensitivity and specificity, repeated risky exposure, and high cost) of other detecting tools, including mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound.
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Potential therapeutic applications of microRNAs in cancer diagnosis and treatment: Sharpening a double-edged sword? Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175210. [PMID: 35981607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality worldwide despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Lack of early detection and diagnosis of different cancers and adverse effects and toxicity associated with conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, remains a problem. MicroRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors in different types of cancers. Their distinct gene expression in various stages and types of cancerous cells make them attractive targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The growing research and clinical interests in gene therapy and nano-drug delivery systems have led to the development of potential miRNA-targeted treatments encompassing miRNA mimics, antagonists, and their use in cancer chemotherapy sensitization. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in understanding the role of miRNAs in cancer development and their potential use as biomarkers in clinical diagnostics and as targets in chemotherapy of cancer.
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Chen Z, Xiao Z, Zeng S, Yan Z. The potential value of microRNA-145 for predicting prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26922. [PMID: 34397934 PMCID: PMC8360411 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an anticancer gene, microRNA-145 (miRNA-145) inhibits the growth, migration, and invasion of cancer cells, and inhibits tumorigenesis by targeting various genes that are abnormally expressed in tumors. However, whether miRNA-145 can be applied as a biomarker for potential prognosis of ovarian cancer still remains controversial. Therefore, this study further explored the prognostic value and mechanism of miRNA-145 in ovarian cancer through meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis. METHODS Eligible studies were identified by searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical literature Database, Chinese Scientific and Journal Database, Wan Fang database, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to July 2021. Pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for patient survival were calculated to investigate the effects of miRNA-145 on the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Survival curves of differential expression of miRNA-145 were analyzed by Oncomir. The target genes of miRNA-145 were predicted by miRTARbase and Diana-Tarbase V7.0 database. Enrichr database was applied to analyze the target genes by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Protein-protein interaction network of target genes was constructed from STRING database. Cytoscape software was used to screen the hub genes to meet the requirements. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database was applied to analyze the survival outcomes of hub genes. RESULTS The results of this meta-analysis would be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. CONCLUSION This study provides high-quality evidence to support the relationship between miRNA-145 expression and ovarian cancer prognosis. Through bioinformatics analysis, we further explored the mechanism of miRNA-145 in ovarian cancer and related pathways.
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