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Ma Y, Harris J, Li P, Jiang C, Sun H, Cao H. An Integrative Transcriptome Subtraction Strategy to Identify Human lncRNAs That Specifically Play a Role in Activation of Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:34. [PMID: 38921831 PMCID: PMC11206700 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic liver features excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), primarily produced from "activated" hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). While targeting human HSCs (hHSCs) in fibrosis therapeutics shows promise, the overall understanding of hHSC activation remains limited, in part because it is very challenging to define the role of human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hHSC activation. To address this challenge, we identified another cell type that acts via a diverse gene network to promote fibrogenesis. Then, we identified the lncRNAs that were differentially regulated in activated hHSCs and the other profibrotic cell. Next, we conducted concurrent analysis to identify those lncRNAs that were specifically involved in fibrogenesis. We tested and confirmed that transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) represents such a process. By overlapping TGFβ-regulated lncRNAs in multiple sets of hHSCs and VSMCs, we identified a highly selected list of lncRNA candidates that could specifically play a role in hHSC activation. We experimentally characterized one human lncRNA, named CARMN, which was significantly regulated by TGFβ in all conditions above. CARMN knockdown significantly reduced the expression levels of a panel of marker genes for hHSC activation, as well as the levels of ECM deposition and hHSC migration. Conversely, gain of function of CARMN using CRISPR activation (CRISPR-a) yielded the completely opposite effects. Taken together, our work addresses a bottleneck in identifying human lncRNAs that specifically play a role in hHSC activation and provides a framework to effectively select human lncRNAs with significant pathophysiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haiming Cao
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Huang Y, Luo W, Yang Z, Lan T, Wei X, Wu H. Machine learning and experimental validation identified autophagy signature in hepatic fibrosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1337105. [PMID: 38481992 PMCID: PMC10933073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1337105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis (HF), closely related to autophagy, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate autophagy characteristics in HF. Methods Gene expression profiles (GSE6764, GSE49541 and GSE84044) were downloaded, normalized, and merged. Autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (ARDEGs) were determined using the limma R package and the Wilcoxon rank sum test and then analyzed by GO, KEGG, GSEA and GSVA. The infiltration of immune cells, molecular subtypes and immune types of healthy control (HC) and HF were analyzed. Machine learning was carried out with two methods, by which, core genes were obtained. Models of liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro were constructed to verify the expression of core genes and corresponding immune cells. Results A total of 69 ARDEGs were identified. Series functional cluster analysis showed that ARDEGs were significantly enriched in autophagy and immunity. Activated CD4 T cells, CD56bright natural killer cells, CD56dim natural killer cells, eosinophils, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, and type 17 T helper (Th17) cells showed significant differences in infiltration between HC and HF groups. Among ARDEGs, three core genes were identified, that were ATG5, RB1CC1, and PARK2. Considerable changes in the infiltration of immune cells were observed at different expression levels of the three core genes, among which the expression of RB1CC1 was significantly associated with the infiltration of macrophage, Th17 cell, natural killer cell and CD56dim natural killer cell. In the mouse liver fibrosis experiment, ATG5, RB1CC1, and PARK2 were at higher levels in HF group than those in HC group. Compared with HC group, HF group showed low positive area in F4/80, IL-17 and CD56, indicating decreased expression of macrophage, Th17 cell, natural killer cell and CD56dim natural killer cell. Meanwhile, knocking down RB1CC1 was found to inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells and alleviate liver fibrosis. Conclusion ATG5, RB1CC1, and PARK2 are promising autophagy-related therapeutic biomarkers for HF. This is the first study to identify RB1CC1 in HF, which may promote the progression of liver fibrosis by regulating macrophage, Th17 cell, natural killer cell and CD56dim natural killer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaomou Wei
- Department of Scientific Research, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongwen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liuzhou Workers Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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3
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Kong J, Shao G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xie Z, Feng K, Zhang X, Xie Q. Molecular characterization, complete genome sequencing, and pathogenicity of Novel Duck Reovirus from South Coastal Area in China. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102776. [PMID: 37302330 PMCID: PMC10276289 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel Duck Reovirus (NDRV) that has been found throughout the world in waterfowl, and it has been extensively described. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a NDRV strain isolated in China called NDRV YF10. This strain was collected from 87 samples with infected ducks in South Coastal Area. The NDRV genome consists of 23,419 bp. With the assistance of computer analysis, the promoter and terminator of each gene segment and 10 viral genes segments were identified, which encode polypeptides ranging from 98 to 1,294 amino acids. All gene fragments of this virus strain were determined and compared to previously reported strains, revealing genetic variation with similarity rates ranging from 96 to 99% for each gene segment. Each gene segment formed 2 host-associated groups, the waterfowl-derived reovirus and the avian-derived reovirus, except for the S1 gene segment, which was closely related to ARV evolution and formed a host-independent subcluster. This difference may be due to Avian Reovirus (ARV) evolving in a host-dependent manner. In order to evaluate the pathogenicity of YF10, a novel isolated strain of NDRV was tested in 2 types of ducks. It was observed that the YF10 isolated strain exhibits varying degrees of virulence, highlighting the potential risk posed to different types of ducks. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the importance of epidemiology studies, molecular characterization, and prevention of NDRV in waterfowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kong
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Guanming Shao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Zhongshan Innovation Center of South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zi Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Keyu Feng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Zhongshan Innovation Center of South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Basak M, Das K, Mahata T, Sengar AS, Verma SK, Biswas S, Bhadra K, Stewart A, Maity B. RGS7-ATF3-Tip60 Complex Promotes Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis by Directly Inducing TNFα. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:137-159. [PMID: 35521658 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aims: The pathophysiological mechanism(s) underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have yet to be fully delineated and only a single drug, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/γ agonist saroglitazar, has been approved. Here, we sought to investigate the role of Regulator of G Protein Signaling 7 (RGS7) in hyperlipidemia-dependent hepatic dysfunction. Results: RGS7 is elevated in the livers of NAFLD patients, particularly those with severe hepatic damage, pronounced insulin resistance, and high inflammation. In the liver, RGS7 forms a unique complex with transcription factor ATF3 and histone acetyltransferase Tip60, which is implicated in NAFLD. The removal of domains is necessary for ATF3/Tip60 binding compromises RGS7-dependent reactive oxygen species generation and cell death. Hepatic RGS7 knockdown (KD) prevented ATF3/Tip60 induction, and it provided protection against fibrotic remodeling and inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice translating to improvements in liver function. Hyperlipidemia-dependent oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction were largely reversed in RGS7 KD mice. Interestingly, saroglitazar failed to prevent RGS7/ATF3 upregulation but it did partially restore Tip60 levels. RGS7 drives the release of particularly tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) from isolated hepatocytes, stellate cells and its depletion reverses steatosis, oxidative stress by direct TNFα exposure. Conversely, RGS7 overexpression in the liver is sufficient to trigger oxidative stress in hepatocytes that can be mitigated via TNFα inhibition. Innovation: We discovered a novel non-canonical function for an R7RGS protein, which usually functions to regulate G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. This is the first demonstration for a functional role of RGS7 outside the retina and central nervous system. Conclusion: RGS7 represents a potential novel target for the amelioration of NAFLD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 137-159.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiran Das
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | - Sayan Biswas
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Kakali Bhadra
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Adele Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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Runft S, Färber I, Krüger J, Krüger N, Armando F, Rocha C, Pöhlmann S, Burigk L, Leitzen E, Ciurkiewicz M, Braun A, Schneider D, Baumgärtner L, Freisleben B, Baumgärtner W. Alternatives to animal models and their application in the discovery of species susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infectious pathogens: A review. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:565-577. [PMID: 35130766 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211073678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inspired rapid research efforts targeting the host range, pathogenesis and transmission mechanisms, and the development of antiviral strategies. Genetically modified mice, rhesus macaques, ferrets, and Syrian golden hamsters have been frequently used in studies of pathogenesis and efficacy of antiviral compounds and vaccines. However, alternatives to in vivo experiments, such as immortalized cell lines, primary respiratory epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface, stem/progenitor cell-derived organoids, or tissue explants, have also been used for isolation of SARS-CoV-2, investigation of cytopathic effects, and pathogen-host interactions. Moreover, initial proof-of-concept studies for testing therapeutic agents can be performed with these tools, showing that animal-sparing cell culture methods could significantly reduce the need for animal models in the future, following the 3R principles of replace, reduce, and refine. So far, only few studies using animal-derived primary cells or tissues have been conducted in SARS-CoV-2 research, although natural infection has been shown to occur in several animal species. Therefore, the need for in-depth investigations on possible interspecies transmission routes and differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is urgent. This review gives an overview of studies employing alternative culture systems like primary cell cultures, tissue explants, or organoids for investigations of the pathophysiology and reverse zoonotic potential of SARS-CoV-2 in animals. In addition, future possibilities of SARS-CoV-2 research in animals, including previously neglected methods like the use of precision-cut lung slices, will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Runft
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris Färber
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Krüger
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Krüger
- German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Federico Armando
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cheila Rocha
- German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Burigk
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Leitzen
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Nguyen BU, Holterman A, Holterman M, Dinh LT. Academic Pediatric Surgery Capacity Building in Vietnam Through PASS, a Pediatric Acute Surgical Support Course. Front Surg 2022; 9:868483. [PMID: 35529908 PMCID: PMC9069233 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.868483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal and pediatric surgical emergencies in Low and Low Middle Income countries remain a significant challenge in combatting the burden and inequities of global health. IPSAC-Vietnam is a small Non-Governmental Organization that has been engaged in a 12-year multi-pronged partnership with several children’s hospitals in Vietnam VN to enhance pediatric surgery capacity. We describe the health care, medical training and emergency system in VN as the background for IPSAC activities and development of Pediatric Acute Surgical Support (PASS) course. The course goal is to prepare health care personnel in the immediate management of neonatal/pediatric life-threatening surgical conditions and road injuries at their first point of entry into Vietnam hospitals. PASS is a horizontal outreach initiative that adopts an interprofessional, multidisciplinary, team-training, train-the-trainers, and outcome-based training approach. PASS can be used as a tool for sustainable horizontal capacity-building by champion leaders at the teaching children’s hospitals and medical universities in developing countries, to strengthen training for pediatric surgical emergencies, to integrate pediatric and pediatric surgical care and to advocate for a comprehensive approach to emergency care of the critically ill child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bich-Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ho Chi Minh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Aixuan Holterman
- Department of Surgery at Peoria and Chicago; Department of Pediatrics at Chicago, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria and Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark Holterman
- Department of Surgery at Peoria and Chicago; Department of Pediatrics at Chicago, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria and Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Le-Thanh Dinh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Correspondence: L-T Dinh
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7
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Le TV, Dinh NBT, Dang MT, Phan NCL, Dang LTT, Grassi G, Holterman AXL, Le HM, Truong NH. Effects of autophagy inhibition by chloroquine on hepatic stellate cell activation in CCl4-induced acute liver injury mouse model. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:216-224. [PMID: 34713488 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, a critical event in liver fibrosis, has been recently shown to be related to autophagy. Determine whether chloroquine (CQ) could affect (i) the activation of HSC in vivo and (ii) the hepatic damage in a mice acute liver injury model. METHODS The acute liver injury was induced in BALB/c mice by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 group); 24 h before and after CCl4 administration animals were treated by CQ (CCl4 + CQ group). As control, mice treated by olive oil were considered. After 48 h from CCl4 /olive oil administration, blood samples, liver tissues, and HSCs were harvested for analysis. RESULTS In vivo, CQ attenuates CCl4 -induced acute liver damage as evidenced by (i) the reduction of liver enlargement, (ii) the reduction of liver swelling and necrosis also supported by a certain decrease of circulating transaminases level, and (iii) the reduction of liver fibrosis evaluated by collagen deposition and α-sma protein expression. In HSCs isolated from CQ treated group, we observed the inhibition of autophagy proved by the increase in p62 protein and the decrease of lc3 protein. In addition, CQ reduced the expression of the HSCs activation markers α-sma/collagen-I and down-regulated the expression of the proliferative marker ki67. CONCLUSION The autophagy attenuation exerted by CQ together with the reduction of the expression of the proliferation marker in HSCs can lessen the acute liver damage potentially opening the way to novel therapeutic approaches for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Van Le
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Bao Thi Dinh
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,International University, VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thanh Dang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhan Chinh Lu Phan
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Stem cell Institute, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loan Tung Thi Dang
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ai Xuan Le Holterman
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huy Minh Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Hai Truong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Wagner C, Hois V, Eggeling A, Pusch LM, Pajed L, Starlinger P, Claudel T, Trauner M, Zimmermann R, Taschler U, Lass A. KIAA1363 affects retinyl ester turnover in cultured murine and human hepatic stellate cells. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100173. [PMID: 35101424 PMCID: PMC8953624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large quantities of vitamin A are stored as retinyl esters (REs) in specialized liver cells, the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). To date, the enzymes controlling RE degradation in HSCs are poorly understood. In this study, we identified KIAA1363 (also annotated as arylacetamide deacetylase 1 or neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1) as a novel RE hydrolase. We show that KIAA1363 is expressed in the liver, mainly in HSCs, and exhibits RE hydrolase activity at neutral pH. Accordingly, addition of the KIAA1363-specific inhibitor JW480 largely reduced RE hydrolase activity in lysates of cultured murine and human HSCs. Furthermore, cell fractionation experiments and confocal microscopy studies showed that KIAA1363 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. We demonstrate that overexpression of KIAA1363 in cells led to lower cellular RE content after a retinol loading period. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition or shRNA-mediated silencing of KIAA1363 expression in cultured murine and human HSCs attenuated RE degradation. Together, our data suggest that KIAA1363 affects vitamin A metabolism of HSCs by hydrolyzing REs at the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby counteracting retinol esterification and RE storage in lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Victoria Hois
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Annalena Eggeling
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa-Maria Pusch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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9
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Mahata T, Sengar AS, Basak M, Das K, Pramanick A, Verma SK, Singh PK, Biswas S, Sarkar S, Saha S, Chatterjee S, Das M, Stewart A, Maity B. Hepatic Regulator of G Protein Signaling 6 (RGS6) drives non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by promoting oxidative stress and ATM-dependent cell death. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102105. [PMID: 34534913 PMCID: PMC8446788 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanism(s) driving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we identify regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6), up-regulated in the livers of NAFLD patients, as a critical mediator of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and cell death. Human patients with high hepatic RGS6 expression exhibited a corresponding high inflammatory burden, pronounced insulin resistance, and poor liver function. In mice, liver-specific RGS6 knockdown largely ameliorated high fat diet (HFD)-driven oxidative stress, fibrotic remodeling, inflammation, lipid deposition and cell death. RGS6 depletion allowed for maintenance of mitochondrial integrity restoring redox balance, improving fatty acid oxidation, and preventing loss of insulin receptor sensitivity in hepatocytes. RGS6 is both induced by ROS and increases ROS generation acting as a key amplification node to exacerbate oxidative stress. In liver, RGS6 forms a direct complex with ATM kinase supported by key aspartate residues in the RGS domain and is both necessary and sufficient to drive hyperlipidemia-dependent ATM phosphorylation. pATM and markers of DNA damage (γH2AX) were also elevated in livers from NAFLD patients particularly in samples with high RGS6 protein content. Unsurprisingly, RGS6 knockdown prevented ATM phosphorylation in livers from HFD-fed mice. Further, RGS6 mutants lacking the capacity for ATM binding fail to facilitate palmitic acid-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis underscoring the importance of the RGS6-ATM complex in hyperlipidemia-dependent cell death. Inhibition of RGS6, then, may provide a viable means to prevent or reverse liver damage by mitigating oxidative liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Mahata
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Abhishek Singh Sengar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Madhuri Basak
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Kiran Das
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Arnab Pramanick
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Verma
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, Millers School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sayan Biswas
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, B.T. Road, Kamarhati, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700058, India
| | - Subhasish Sarkar
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, B.T. Road, Kamarhati, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700058, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University and Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
| | - Adele Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
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Perilipin 5 Ameliorates Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via SMAD2/3 and SNAIL Signaling Pathways and Suppresses STAT3 Activation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092184. [PMID: 34571833 PMCID: PMC8467115 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehending the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrogenesis is essential to the development of treatment. The hallmark of hepatic fibrosis is the development and deposition of excess fibrous connective tissue forcing tissue remodeling. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a major role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Their activation via the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) as a key mediator is considered the crucial event in the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrogenesis. It has been shown that Perilipin 5 (PLIN5), known as a lipid droplet structural protein that is highly expressed in oxidative tissue, can inhibit such activation through various mechanisms associated with lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the possible influence of PLIN5 on TGF-β1 signaling. Our findings confirm the importance of PLIN5 in maintaining HSC quiescence in vivo and in vitro. PLIN5 overexpression suppresses the TGF-β1-SMAD2/3 and SNAIL signaling pathways as well as the activation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). These findings derived from experiments in hepatic cell lines LX-2 and Col-GFP, in which overexpression of PLIN5 was able to downregulate the signaling pathways SMAD2/3 and SNAIL activated previously by TGF-β1 treatment. Furthermore, TGF-β1-mediatedinduction of extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen type I (COL1), Fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), was suppressed by PLIN5. Moreover, STAT3, which is interrelated with TGF-β1 was already basally activated in the cell lines and inhibited by PLIN5 overexpression, leading to a further reduction in HSC activity shown by lowered α-SMA expression. This extension of the intervening mechanisms presents PLIN5 as a potent and pleiotropic target in HSC activation.
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