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Chen T, Li Y, Ren X, Wang Y. The mGluR5-mediated Arc activation protects against experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14695. [PMID: 39107945 PMCID: PMC11303269 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex pathophysiological process, and increasing attention has been paid to the important role of post-synaptic density (PSD) proteins, such as glutamate receptors. Our previous study showed that a PSD protein Arc/Arg3.1 (Arc) regulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuronal necroptosis in traumatic injury in vitro. AIM In this study, we investigated the expression, regulation and biological function of Arc in both in vivo and in vitro experimental TBI models. RESULTS Traumatic neuronal injury (TNI) induced a temporal upregulation of Arc in cortical neurons, while TBI resulted in sustained increase in Arc expression up to 24 h in rats. The increased expression of Arc was mediated by the activity of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), but not dependent on the intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release. By using inhibitors and antagonists, we found that TNI regulates Arc expression via Gq protein and protein turnover. In addition, overexpression of Arc protects against TBI-induced neuronal injury and motor dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro, whereas the long-term cognitive function was not altered. To determine the role of Arc in mGluR5-induced protection, lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection was performed to knockdown Arc expression. The mGluR5 agonist (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG)-induced protection against TBI was partially prevented by Arc knockdown. Furthermore, the CHPG-induced attenuation of Ca2+ influx after TNI was dependent on Arc activation and followed regulation of AMPAR subunits. The results of Co-IP and Ca2+ imaging showed that the Arc-Homer1 interaction contributes to the CHPG-induced regulation of intracellular Ca2+ release. CONCLUSION In summary, the present data indicate that the mGluR5-mediated Arc activation is a protective mechanism that attenuates neurotoxicity following TBI through the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ hemostasis. The AMPAR-associated Ca2+ influx and ER Ca2+ release induced by Homer1-IP3R pathway might be involved in this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryWuxi Taihu Hospital, Wuxi Clinical Medical School of Anhui Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Yun‐Fei Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryWuxi Taihu Hospital, Wuxi Clinical Medical School of Anhui Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Xu Ren
- Department of NeurosurgeryWuxi Taihu Hospital, Wuxi Clinical Medical School of Anhui Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Yu‐Hai Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryWuxi Taihu Hospital, Wuxi Clinical Medical School of Anhui Medical UniversityWuxiChina
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Zheng S, Liu Y. Progress in the Study of Fra-2 in Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7143. [PMID: 39000247 PMCID: PMC11240912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) is a member of the activating protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors. It is involved in controlling cell growth and differentiation by regulating the production of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and coordinating the balance of signals within and outside the cell. Fra-2 is not only closely related to bone development, metabolism, and immune system and eye development but also in the progression of respiratory conditions like lung tumors, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The increased expression and activation of Fra-2 in various lung diseases has been shown in several studies. However, the specific molecular mechanisms through which Fra-2 affects the development of respiratory diseases are not yet understood. The purpose of this research is to summarize and delineate advancements in the study of the involvement of transcription factor Fra-2 in disorders related to the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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Ram A, Murphy D, DeCuzzi N, Patankar M, Hu J, Pargett M, Albeck JG. A guide to ERK dynamics, part 2: downstream decoding. Biochem J 2023; 480:1909-1928. [PMID: 38038975 PMCID: PMC10754290 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway controls many cellular processes, including cell division, death, and differentiation. In this second installment of a two-part review, we address the question of how the ERK pathway exerts distinct and context-specific effects on multiple processes. We discuss how the dynamics of ERK activity induce selective changes in gene expression programs, with insights from both experiments and computational models. With a focus on single-cell biosensor-based studies, we summarize four major functional modes for ERK signaling in tissues: adjusting the size of cell populations, gradient-based patterning, wave propagation of morphological changes, and diversification of cellular gene expression states. These modes of operation are disrupted in cancer and other related diseases and represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. By understanding the dynamic mechanisms involved in ERK signaling, there is potential for pharmacological strategies that not only simply inhibit ERK, but also restore functional activity patterns and improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhineet Ram
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Devan Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Nicholaus DeCuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Madhura Patankar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jason Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - John G. Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
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Abstract
FOS and FOSB proto-oncogens are involved in a wide variety of tumourigenic processes. FOS and FOSB gene rearrangements are observed in epithelioid haemangioma, pseudomyogenic haemangioendothelioma, osteoid osteoma/osteoblastoma/cementoblastoma and proliferative myositis/fasciitis. In this review, we provide an overview of FOS and FOSB, including their functions and the differences between lesions with known FOS/FOSB gene rearrangements. Additionally, we discuss the use of FOS/FOSB immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic tool for these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Cordier
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Creytens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Gu X, Nardone C, Kamitaki N, Mao A, Elledge SJ, Greenberg ME. The midnolin-proteasome pathway catches proteins for ubiquitination-independent degradation. Science 2023; 381:eadh5021. [PMID: 37616343 PMCID: PMC10617673 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cells use ubiquitin to mark proteins for proteasomal degradation. Although the proteasome also eliminates proteins that are not ubiquitinated, how this occurs mechanistically is unclear. Here, we found that midnolin promoted the destruction of many nuclear proteins, including transcription factors encoded by the immediate-early genes. Diverse stimuli induced midnolin, and its overexpression was sufficient to cause the degradation of its targets by a mechanism that did not require ubiquitination. Instead, midnolin associated with the proteasome via an α helix, used its Catch domain to bind a region within substrates that can form a β strand, and used a ubiquitin-like domain to promote substrate destruction. Thus, midnolin contains three regions that function in concert to target a large set of nuclear proteins to the proteasome for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Nardone
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nolan Kamitaki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aoyue Mao
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephen J. Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Soubeyrand S, Lau P, McPherson R. Regulation of TRIB1 abundance in hepatocyte models in response to proteasome inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9320. [PMID: 37291259 PMCID: PMC10250549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribbles related homolog 1 (TRIB1) contributes to lipid and glucose homeostasis by facilitating the degradation of cognate cargos by the proteasome. In view of the key metabolic role of TRIB1 and the impact of proteasome inhibition on hepatic function, we continue our exploration of TRIB1 regulation in two commonly used human hepatocyte models, transformed cell lines HuH-7 and HepG2. In both models, proteasome inhibitors potently upregulated both endogenous and recombinant TRIB1 mRNA and protein levels. Increased transcript abundance was unaffected by MAPK inhibitors while ER stress was a weaker inducer. Suppressing proteasome function via PSMB3 silencing was sufficient to increase TRIB1 mRNA expression. ATF3 was required to sustain basal TRIB1 expression and support maximal induction. Despite increasing TRIB1 protein abundance and stabilizing bulk ubiquitylation, proteasome inhibition delayed but did not prevent TRIB1 loss upon translation block. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that TRIB1 was not ubiquitylated in response to proteasome inhibition. A control bona fide proteasome substrate revealed that high doses of proteasome inhibitors resulted in incomplete proteasome inhibition. Cytoplasm retained TRIB1 was unstable, suggesting that TRIB1 lability is regulated prior to its nuclear import. N-terminal deletion and substitutions were insufficient to stabilize TRIB1. These findings identify transcriptional regulation as a prominent mechanism increasing TRIB1 abundance in transformed hepatocyte cell lines in response to proteasome inhibition and provide evidence of an inhibitor resistant proteasome activity responsible for TRIB1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Soubeyrand
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Paulina Lau
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
- Division of Cardiology, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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Cospain A, Rivera-Barahona A, Dumontet E, Gener B, Bailleul-Forestier I, Meyts I, Jouret G, Isidor B, Brewer C, Wuyts W, Moens L, Delafontaine S, Keung Lam WW, Van Den Bogaert K, Boogaerts A, Scalais E, Besnard T, Cogne B, Guissard C, Rollier P, Carre W, Bouvet R, Tarte K, Gómez-Carmona R, Lapunzina P, Odent S, Faoucher M, Dubourg C, Ruiz-Pérez VL, Devriendt K, Pasquier L, Pérez-Jurado LA. FOSL2 truncating variants in the last exon cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with scalp and enamel defects. Genet Med 2022; 24:2475-2486. [PMID: 36197437 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the molecular basis of a novel recognizable neurodevelopmental syndrome with scalp and enamel anomalies caused by truncating variants in the last exon of the gene FOSL2, encoding a subunit of the AP-1 complex. METHODS Exome sequencing was used to identify genetic variants in all cases, recruited through Matchmaker exchange. Gene expression in blood was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vitro coimmunoprecipitation and proteasome inhibition assays in transfected HEK293 cells were performed to explore protein and AP-1 complex stability. RESULTS We identified 11 individuals from 10 families with mostly de novo truncating FOSL2 variants sharing a strikingly similar phenotype characterized by prenatal growth retardation, localized cutis scalp aplasia with or without skull defects, neurodevelopmental delay with autism spectrum disorder, enamel hypoplasia, and congenital cataracts. Mutant FOSL2 messenger RNAs escaped nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay. Truncated FOSL2 interacts with c-JUN, thus mutated AP-1 complexes could be formed. CONCLUSION Truncating variants in the last exon of FOSL2 associate a distinct clinical phenotype by altering the regulatory degradation of the AP-1 complex. These findings reveal a new role for FOSL2 in human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriane Cospain
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence CLAD-Ouest, ERN ITHACA, CHU, Rennes, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France.
| | - Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erwan Dumontet
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie - Thérapie Cellulaire et Hématopoïèse, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Blanca Gener
- Department of Genetics, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Isabelle Bailleul-Forestier
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Competence Center of Rare Oral Diseases, Faculty of Odontology, Paul Sabatier University, CHU, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Jouret
- National Center of Genetics (NCG), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxemburg
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Brewer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Wuyts
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Leen Moens
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Selket Delafontaine
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wayne Wing Keung Lam
- South East of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kris Van Den Bogaert
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Boogaerts
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Scalais
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxemburg
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut du Thorax, Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Guissard
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Rollier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence CLAD-Ouest, ERN ITHACA, CHU, Rennes, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Wilfrid Carre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Regis Bouvet
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie - Thérapie Cellulaire et Hématopoïèse, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Carmona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence CLAD-Ouest, ERN ITHACA, CHU, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Faoucher
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Christele Dubourg
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Víctor L Ruiz-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence Déficiences des Intellectuelles de Cause Rares, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Genética, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kubra K, Gaddu GK, Liongue C, Heidary S, Ward AC, Dhillon AS, Basheer F. Phylogenetic and Expression Analysis of Fos Transcription Factors in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710098. [PMID: 36077499 PMCID: PMC9456341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the FOS protein family regulate gene expression responses to a multitude of extracellular signals and are dysregulated in several pathological states. Whilst mouse genetic models have provided key insights into the tissue-specific functions of these proteins in vivo, little is known about their roles during early vertebrate embryonic development. This study examined the potential of using zebrafish as a model for such studies and, more broadly, for investigating the mechanisms regulating the functions of Fos proteins in vivo. Through phylogenetic and sequence analysis, we identified six zebrafish FOS orthologues, fosaa, fosab, fosb, fosl1a, fosl1b, and fosl2, which show high conservation in key regulatory domains and post-translational modification sites compared to their equivalent human proteins. During embryogenesis, zebrafish fos genes exhibit both overlapping and distinct spatiotemporal patterns of expression in specific cell types and tissues. Most fos genes are also expressed in a variety of adult zebrafish tissues. As in humans, we also found that expression of zebrafish FOS orthologs is induced by oncogenic BRAF-ERK signalling in zebrafish melanomas. These findings suggest that zebrafish represent an alternate model to mice for investigating the regulation and functions of Fos proteins in vertebrate embryonic and adult tissues, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadizatul Kubra
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Gurveer K. Gaddu
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Somayyeh Heidary
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Amardeep S. Dhillon
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.D.); (F.B.)
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Sobolev VV, Khashukoeva AZ, Evina OE, Geppe NA, Chebysheva SN, Korsunskaya IM, Tchepourina E, Mezentsev A. Role of the Transcription Factor FOSL1 in Organ Development and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1521. [PMID: 35163444 PMCID: PMC8835756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor FOSL1 plays an important role in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. Primarily, FOSL1 is crucial for the differentiation of several cell lineages, namely adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. In solid tumors, FOSL1 controls the progression of tumor cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. In this review, we summarize the available data on FOSL1 expression, stabilization, and degradation in the cell. We discuss how FOSL1 is integrated into the intracellular signaling mechanisms and provide a comprehensive analysis of FOSL1 influence on gene expression. We also analyze the pathological changes caused by altered Fosl1 expression in genetically modified mice. In addition, we dedicated a separate section of the review to the role of FOSL1 in human cancer. Primarily, we focus on the FOSL1 expression pattern in solid tumors, FOSL1 importance as a prognostic factor, and FOSL1 perspectives as a molecular target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Sobolev
- Center for Theoretical Problems in Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109029 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Asiat Z. Khashukoeva
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga E. Evina
- “JSC DK Medsi”, Medical and Diagnostics Center, 125284 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia A. Geppe
- NF Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I.M. Sechenov First MSMU, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.G.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Svetlana N. Chebysheva
- NF Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I.M. Sechenov First MSMU, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.G.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Irina M. Korsunskaya
- Center for Theoretical Problems in Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109029 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Ekaterina Tchepourina
- Center for Theoretical Problems in Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109029 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Alexandre Mezentsev
- Center for Theoretical Problems in Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109029 Moscow, Russia; (I.M.K.); (E.T.)
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Gao F, Li M, Zhou L, Liu W, Zuo H, Li W. Xanthohumol targets the ERK1/2‑Fra1 signaling axis to reduce cyclin D1 expression and inhibit non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1365-1374. [PMID: 32945473 PMCID: PMC7448415 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression of cyclin D1 has a crucial role in the maintenance of unlimited cell growth in human cancer cells. The present study indicated that cyclin D1 was overexpressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissues and cell lines. Knockout of cyclin D1 suppressed NSCLC cell growth, colony formation and in vivo tumor growth. Of note, the natural product xanthohumol (Xanth) inhibited NSCLC cells via the downregulation of cyclin D1. A further mechanistic study revealed that Xanth suppressed ERK1/2 signaling and reduced the protein levels of FOS-related antigen 1 (Fra1), which eventually inhibited the transcriptional activity of activator protein-1 and decreased the mRNA level of cyclin D1. Furthermore, suppression of ERK1/2 impaired Fra1 phosphorylation and enhanced Xanth-induced Fra1 ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, the S265D mutation compromised Xanth-induced Fra1 degradation. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor effect of Xanth was validated in a xenograft mouse model. In summary, the present results indicated that targeting ERK1/2-Fra1-cyclin D1 signaling is a promising anti-tumor strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Huilan Zuo
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Birnhuber A, Biasin V, Schnoegl D, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. Transcription factor Fra-2 and its emerging role in matrix deposition, proliferation and inflammation in chronic lung diseases. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109408. [PMID: 31473307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) belongs to the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors and is involved in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation or differentiation. Aberrant expression of Fra-2 or regulation can lead to severe growth defects or diverse pathologies. Elevated Fra-2 expression has been described in several chronic lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. However, the pathomechanisms behind the Fra-2-induced pulmonary remodelling are still not fully elucidated. Fra-2 overexpressing mice were initially described as a model of systemic sclerosis associated organ fibrosis, with predominant alterations in the lung. High levels of Fra-2 expression give rise to profound inflammation with severe remodelling of the parenchyma and the vasculature, resulting in fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension, respectively, but also alters bronchial function. In this review we discuss the central role of Fra-2 connecting inflammation, cellular proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition underlying chronic lung diseases and what we can learn for future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Birnhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - V Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - D Schnoegl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - L M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - G Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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12
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Choi H, Kim C, Song H, Cha MY, Cho HJ, Son SM, Kim HJ, Mook-Jung I. Amyloid β-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos promotes neuronal cell death. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12872. [PMID: 30515991 PMCID: PMC6351842 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss resulting from cumulative neuronal cell death. O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the proteins reflecting glucose metabolism is altered in the brains of patients with AD. However, the link between altered O-GlcNAc modification and neuronal cell death in AD is poorly understood. Here, we examined the regulation of O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos and the effects of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos on neuronal cell death during AD pathogenesis. We found that amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced O-GlcNAcylation on serine-56 and 57 of c-Fos was resulted from decreased interaction between c-Fos and O-GlcNAcase and promoted neuronal cell death. O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos increased its stability and potentiated the transcriptional activity through higher interaction with c-Jun, resulting in induction of Bim expression leading to neuronal cell death. Taken together, Aβ-induced O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos plays an important role in neuronal cell death during the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyundong Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Moon-Yong Cha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Njomen E, Osmulski PA, Jones CL, Gaczynska M, Tepe JJ. Small Molecule Modulation of Proteasome Assembly. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4214-4224. [PMID: 29897236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The 20S proteasome is the main protease that directly targets intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) for proteolytic degradation. Mutations, oxidative stress, or aging can induce the buildup of IDPs resulting in incorrect signaling or aggregation, associated with the pathogenesis of many cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Drugs that facilitate 20S-mediated proteolysis therefore have many potential therapeutic applications. We report herein the modulation of proteasome assembly by the small molecule TCH-165, resulting in an increase in 20S levels. The increase in the level of free 20S corresponds to enhanced proteolysis of IDPs, including α-synuclein, tau, ornithine decarboxylase, and c-Fos, but not structured proteins. Clearance of ubiquitinated protein was largely maintained by single capped proteasome complexes (19S-20S), but accumulation occurs when all 19S capped proteasome complexes are depleted. This study illustrates the first example of a small molecule capable of targeting disordered proteins for degradation by regulating the dynamic equilibrium between different proteasome complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Njomen
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Pawel A Osmulski
- Institute of Biotechnology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , 15355 Lambda Drive , San Antonio , Texas 78245 , United States
| | - Corey L Jones
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Maria Gaczynska
- Institute of Biotechnology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , 15355 Lambda Drive , San Antonio , Texas 78245 , United States
| | - Jetze J Tepe
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
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14
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Forghany Z, Robertson F, Lundby A, Olsen JV, Baker DA. Control of endothelial cell tube formation by Notch ligand intracellular domain interactions with activator protein 1 (AP-1). J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1229-1242. [PMID: 29196606 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.819045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a ubiquitous signal transduction pathway found in most if not all metazoan cell types characterized to date. It is indispensable for cell differentiation as well as tissue growth, tissue remodeling, and apoptosis. Although the canonical Notch signaling pathway is well characterized, accumulating evidence points to the existence of multiple, less well-defined layers of regulation. In this study, we investigated the function of the intracellular domain (ICD) of the Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (DLL4). We provide evidence that the DLL4 ICD is required for normal DLL4 subcellular localization. We further show that it is cleaved and interacts with the JUN proto-oncogene, which forms part of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex. Mechanistically, the DLL4 ICD inhibited JUN binding to DNA and thereby controlled the expression of JUN target genes, including DLL4 Our work further demonstrated that JUN strongly stimulates endothelial cell tube formation and that DLL4 constrains this process. These results raise the possibility that Notch/DLL4 signaling is bidirectional and suggest that the DLL4 ICD could represent a point of cross-talk between Notch and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zary Forghany
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands and
| | - Francesca Robertson
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands and
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research and.,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - David A Baker
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands and
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15
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van IJzendoorn DGP, Forghany Z, Liebelt F, Vertegaal AC, Jochemsen AG, Bovée JVMG, Szuhai K, Baker DA. Functional analyses of a human vascular tumor FOS variant identify a novel degradation mechanism and a link to tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21282-21290. [PMID: 29150442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c117.815845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioma is a locally aggressive vascular neoplasm, found in bones and soft tissue, whose cause is currently unknown, but may involve oncogene activation. FOS is one of the earliest viral oncogenes to be characterized, and normal cellular FOS forms part of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex, which plays a pivotal role in cell growth, differentiation, and survival as well as the DNA damage response. Despite this, a causal link between aberrant FOS function and naturally occurring tumors has not yet been established. Here, we describe a thorough molecular and biochemical analysis of a mutant FOS protein we identified in these vascular tumors. The mutant protein lacks a highly conserved helix consisting of the C-terminal four amino acids of FOS, which we show is indispensable for fast, ubiquitin-independent FOS degradation via the 20S proteasome. Our work reveals that FOS stimulates endothelial sprouting and that perturbation of normal FOS degradation could account for the abnormal vessel growth typical of epithelioid hemangioma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first functional characterization of mutant FOS proteins found in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zary Forghany
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Liebelt
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C Vertegaal
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aart G Jochemsen
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karoly Szuhai
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A Baker
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Bahrami S, Drabløs F. Gene regulation in the immediate-early response process. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 62:37-49. [PMID: 27220739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Immediate-early genes (IEGs) can be activated and transcribed within minutes after stimulation, without the need for de novo protein synthesis, and they are stimulated in response to both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic signals. Extracellular signals are transduced from the cell surface, through receptors activating a chain of proteins in the cell, in particular extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and members of the RhoA-actin pathway. These communicate through a signaling cascade by adding phosphate groups to neighboring proteins, and this will eventually activate and translocate TFs to the nucleus and thereby induce gene expression. The gene activation also involves proximal and distal enhancers that interact with promoters to simulate gene expression. The immediate-early genes have essential biological roles, in particular in stress response, like the immune system, and in differentiation. Therefore they also have important roles in various diseases, including cancer development. In this paper we summarize some recent advances on key aspects of the activation and regulation of immediate-early genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Bahrami
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, NO-7006 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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17
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Walker AM, Stevens JJ, Ndebele K, Tchounwou PB. Evaluation of Arsenic Trioxide Potential for Lung Cancer Treatment: Assessment of Apoptotic Mechanisms and Oxidative Damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:1-9. [PMID: 27158419 PMCID: PMC4856166 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most lethal and common cancers in the world, causing up to 3 million deaths annually. The chemotherapeutic drugs that have been used in treating lung cancer include cisplatin-pemetrexed, cisplastin-gencitabinoe, carboplatin-paclitaxel and crizotinib. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, its effects on lung cancer are not known. We hypothesize that ATO may also have a bioactivity against lung cancer, and its mechanisms of action may involve apoptosis, DNA damage and changes in stress-related proteins in lung cancer cells. Methods To test the above stated hypothesis, lung carcinoma (A549) cells were used as the test model. The effects of ATO were examined by performing 6-diamidine-2 phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining for morphological characterization of apoptosis, flow cytometry analysis for early apoptosis, and western blot analysis for stress-related proteins (Hsp70 and cfos) and apoptotic protein expressions. Also, the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect. Results ATO-induced apoptosis was evidenced by chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies as revealed by DAPI nuclear staining. Cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing were observed at 4 and 6 µg/ml of ATO. Data from the western blot analysis revealed a significant dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) in the Hsp 70, caspase 3 and p53 protein expression, and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the cfos, and bcl-2 protein expression at 4 and 6 µg/ml of ATO. There was a slight decrease in cytochrome c protein expression at 4 and 6 µg/ ml of ATO. Comet assay data revealed significant dose-dependent increases in the percentages of DNA damage, Comet tail lengths, and Comet tail moment. Conclusion Taken together our results indicate that ATO is cytotoxic to lung cancer cells and its bioactivity is associated with oxidative damage, changes in cellular morphology, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Walker
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Laboratory, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jacqueline J Stevens
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Laboratory, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kenneth Ndebele
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Laboratory, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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18
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Ji L, Zheng Z, Shi L, Huang Y, Lu B, Wang Z. Andrographolide decreased VEGFD expression in hepatoma cancer cells by inducing ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated cFos protein degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:750-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Healy S, Khan P, Davie JR. Immediate early response genes and cell transformation. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:64-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Grbic DM, Degagné É, Larrivée JF, Bilodeau MS, Vinette V, Arguin G, Stankova J, Gendron FP. P2Y6 receptor contributes to neutrophil recruitment to inflamed intestinal mucosa by increasing CXC chemokine ligand 8 expression in an AP-1-dependent manner in epithelial cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1456-69. [PMID: 22095787 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by the presence of CXCL8 at the site of lesions resulting in neutrophil recruitment and loss of tissue functions. We report that P2Y(6) receptor activation stimulates CXCL8 expression and release by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In this context, we investigated if uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP) enemas stimulate neutrophil recruitment to the mucosa of mice suffering from colitis-like disease and we characterized the signaling events linking P2Y(6) to CXCL8 expression in IEC. METHODS Neutrophil recruitment was monitored by immunofluorescence and FACS analysis. Expression of Cxcl1, a mouse functional homolog of CXCL8, was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Pharmacological inhibitors and interfering RNAs were used to characterize the signaling pathway. The outcomes of these treatments on protein phosphorylation and on CXCL8 expression were characterized by western blots, qPCR, luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RESULTS Mutation of the AP-1 site in the CXCL8 core promoter abolished the UDP-stimulating effect. The c-fos/c-jun dimer was identified as the AP-1 complex regulating CXCL8 in response to UDP stimulation. Regulation of CXCL8 expression by P2Y(6) required PKCδ activation upstream of the signaling pathway composed of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 and c-fos. UDP administration to mice suffering from colitis-like disease increased the number of neutrophil infiltrating the mucosa, correlating with Cxcl1 increased expression in IEC and the severity of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This study not only describes the P2Y(6) signaling mechanism regulating CXCL8 expression in IEC, but it also illustrates the potential of targeting P2Y(6) to reduce intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje M Grbic
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Pakay JL, Diesch J, Gilan O, Yip YY, Sayan E, Kolch W, Mariadason JM, Hannan RD, Tulchinsky E, Dhillon AS. A 19S proteasomal subunit cooperates with an ERK MAPK-regulated degron to regulate accumulation of Fra-1 in tumour cells. Oncogene 2011; 31:1817-24. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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23
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Mistry DS, Tsutsumi R, Fernandez M, Sharma S, Cardenas SA, Lawson MA, Webster NJG. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse sensitivity of follicle-stimulating hormone-beta gene is mediated by differential expression of positive regulatory activator protein 1 factors and corepressors SKIL and TGIF1. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:1387-403. [PMID: 21659477 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin synthesis and release is dependent on pulsatile stimulation by the hypothalamic neuropeptide GnRH. Generally, slow GnRH pulses promote FSH production, whereas rapid pulses favor LH, but the molecular mechanism underlying this pulse sensitivity is poorly understood. In this study, we developed and tested a model for FSHβ regulation in mouse LβT2 gonadotropes. By mining a previous microarray data set, we found that mRNA for positive regulators of Fshb expression, such as Fos and Jun, were up-regulated at slower pulse frequencies than a number of potential negative regulators, such as the corepressors Skil, Crem, and Tgif1. These latter corepressors reduced Fshb promoter activity whether driven by transfection of individual transcription factors or by treatment with GnRH and activin. Overexpression of binding or phosphorylation-defective ski-oncogene-like protein (SKIL) and TG interacting factor (TGIF1) mutants, however, failed to repress Fshb promoter activity. Knockdown of the endogenous repressors SKIL and TGIF1, but not cAMP response element-modulator, increased Fshb promoter activity driven by constant GnRH or activin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that FOS, SKIL, and TGIF1 occupy the FSHβ promoter in a cyclical manner after GnRH stimulation. Overexpression of corepressors SKIL or TGIF1 repressed induction of the Fshb promoter at the slow GnRH pulse frequency but had little effect at the fast pulse frequency. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous SKIL or TGIF1 selectively increased Fshb mRNA at the fast GnRH pulse frequency. Therefore, we propose a potential mechanism by which production of gonadotropin Fshb is modulated by positive transcription factors and negative corepressors with different pulse sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra S Mistry
- Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
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24
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Iwatsuki M, Inageda K, Matsuoka M. Cadmium induces phosphorylation and stabilization of c-Fos in HK-2 renal proximal tubular cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 251:209-16. [PMID: 21219922 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) exposure on the expression and phosphorylation status of members of the Fos family, components of the activator protein-1 transcription factor, in HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cells. Following the exposure to CdCl₂, the expression of c-fos, fosB, fra-1, and fra-2 increased markedly, with different magnitudes and time courses. The levels of Fos family proteins (c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1, and Fra-2) also increased in response to CdCl₂ exposure. Although the elevation of c-fos transcripts was transient, c-Fos protein levels increased progressively with lower electrophoretic mobility, suggesting stabilization of c-Fos through post-translational modifications. Consistently, we observed phosphorylation of c-Fos at Ser362 and Ser374 in HK-2 cells treated with CdCl₂. Phosphorylated forms of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase, and p38-increased after CdCl₂ exposure, whereas treatment with the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 and the p38 inhibitor SB203580 suppressed the accumulation and phosphorylation of c-Fos. We mutated Ser362 to alanine (S362A), Ser374 to alanine (S374A), and both residues to alanines (S362A/S374A) to inhibit potential phosphorylation of c-Fos at these sites. S374A or double S362A/S374A mutations reduced c-Fos level markedly, but S362A mutation did not. On the other hand, S362A/S374A mutations induced a more pronounced reduction in c-Fos DNA-binding activity than S374A mutation. These results suggest that while Ser374 phosphorylation seems to play a role in c-Fos stabilization, phosphorylation at two C-terminal serine residues is required for the transcriptional activation of c-Fos in HK-2 cells treated with CdCl₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Iwatsuki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Padhan K, Varma R. Immunological synapse: a multi-protein signalling cellular apparatus for controlling gene expression. Immunology 2010; 129:322-8. [PMID: 20409153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of T cells with antigen-presenting cells is the hallmark of adaptive immunity. In vitro studies have described the formation of an immunological synapse between these cells, and intra-vital imaging has described in great detail the dynamics of these interactions. The immunological synapse has become a paradigm to study signals exchanged between the two cells. A wealth of information has been amassed regarding the localization of signalling molecules, their kinetics and the transcription factors they activate. We continue to discover mechanisms that cause receptors and signalling molecules to compartmentalize in the cell; however, the emerging challenge lies in understanding how the immunological synapse contributes to differentiation. Here, we review some of the transcription factors activated downstream of T-cell receptor signalling and discuss mechanisms by which antigen dose and affinity may influence differentiation. Antigen affinity might change the kind of transcription factors that are activated whereas antigen dose is likely to influence the temporal dynamics of the transcription factors. The immunological synapse is therefore likely to influence differentiation by modulating the trafficking of transcription factors and by promoting asymmetric cell division, an emerging concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Padhan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Malnou CE, Brockly F, Favard C, Moquet-Torcy G, Piechaczyk M, Jariel-Encontre I. Heterodimerization with different Jun proteins controls c-Fos intranuclear dynamics and distribution. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:6552-62. [PMID: 20053986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.032680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Fos proto-oncogenic transcription factor defines a multigene family controlling many processes both at the cell and the whole organism level. To bind to its target AP-1/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive element or cAMP-responsive element DNA sequences in gene promoters and exert its transcriptional part, c-Fos must heterodimerize with other bZip proteins, its best studied partners being the Jun proteins (c-Jun, JunB, and JunD). c-Fos expression is regulated at many transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, yet little is known on how its localization is dynamically regulated in the cell. Here we have investigated its intranuclear mobility using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, genetic, and biochemical approaches. Whereas monomeric c-Fos is highly mobile and distributed evenly with nucleolar exclusion in the nucleus, heterodimerization with c-Jun entails intranuclear redistribution and dramatic reduction in mobility of c-Fos caused by predominant association with the nuclear matrix independently of any binding to AP-1/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive element or cAMP-responsive element sequences. In contrast to c-Jun, dimerization with JunB does not detectably affect c-Fos mobility. However, dimerization with JunB affects intranuclear distribution with significant differences in the localization of c-Fos.c-Jun and c-Fos.JunB dimers. Moreover, c-Jun and JunB exert comparable effects on another Fos family member, Fra-1. Thus, we report a novel regulation, i.e. differentially regulated intranuclear mobility and distribution of Fos proteins by their Jun partners, and suggest the existence of intranuclear storage sites for latent c-Fos.c-Jun AP-1 complexes. This may affect the numerous physiopathological functions these transcription factors control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile E Malnou
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR5535, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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27
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Much to know about proteolysis: intricate proteolytic machineries compromise essential cellular functions. Biochem Soc Trans 2008; 36:781-5. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0360781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis has traditionally been considered as a radical way to terminate the function of a protein. However, protein destruction also is the starting point for many processes as they can only occur when the way has been cleared for the action of other proteins. Protein destruction can occur virtually in all compartments and organelles of the cell, associated with cell membranes or large protein complexes, it determines subcellular partitioning, association with positive or negative regulators which conditions the action of many critical cellular factors. The third intracellular proteolysis meeting held by the University La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain, included speakers working with some of the most important proteolytic systems present in higher eukaryotes, such as the UPS (ubiquitin–proteasome system) and autophagy. Owing to the fact that these pathways directly or indirectly regulate many cell functions, this meeting brought together an audience with a wide range of research interests, including genetic, cell biological, biochemical and structural aspects of protein degradation. Some of these topics inspired interesting discussions and a significant number of these are developed in the issues reviewed herein.
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