1
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Sheldon H, Zhang W, Bridges E, Ang KH, Lin S, Masiero M, Li D, Handford PA, Whiteman P, Fischer R, Buffa F, Vatish M, Banham AH, Harris AL. ELTD1 is present in extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial cells as a cleaved extracellular domain which induces in vivo angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e52. [PMID: 38939053 PMCID: PMC11080856 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
ELTD1/ADGRL4 is an adhesion GPCR with an important role in angiogenesis. We recently identified a role for ELTD1 in wound repair and inflammation. Activation of ELTD1 in endothelial cells results in a type II EMT to myofibroblast-like cells that have enhanced angiogenic ability. Furthermore, expression of Eltd1 in murine breast cancer cells increases tumour growth by increasing blood vessel size and perfusion and by creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. As extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to be involved in vascular development, growth and maturation we investigated the composition and functional effects of the EVs isolated from ELTD1 expressing cells to elucidate their role in these processes. A highly glycosylated form of the extracellular domain (ECD) of ELTD1 is readily incorporated into EVs. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics we identified proteins that are enriched in ELTD1-EVs and are involved in haemostasis and immune responses. ELTD1 enriched EVs were pro-angiogenic in vivo and in vitro and the presence of the ECD alone induced endothelial sprouting. In endothelial cells experiencing laminar flow, ELTD1 levels were reduced in the EVs when they are quiescent, showing a relationship between ELTD1 and the activation state of the endothelium. Using FACS, we detected a significant increase in vesicular ELTD1 in the plasma of patients with preeclampsia, a condition characterized by endothelial dysfunction. These data confirm a role for ELTD1 in wound repair and inflammation and reveal its potential as a biomarker of vessel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sheldon
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Women's CentreUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Koon Hwee Ang
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Salwa Lin
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Massimo Masiero
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory SciencesRadcliffe Department of MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Demin Li
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory SciencesRadcliffe Department of MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | | | - Pat Whiteman
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteOxford University, NDM Research BuildingOxfordUK
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Women's CentreUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Alison H. Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory SciencesRadcliffe Department of MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology LaboratoriesWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
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2
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GPR110 promotes progression and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:271. [PMID: 35614051 PMCID: PMC9132940 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, and approximately 70% of all breast cancer patients use endocrine therapy, such as estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. In particular, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major threat due to the lack of targeted treatment options and poor clinical outcomes. Here, we found that GPR110 was highly expressed in TNBC and GPR110 plays a key role in TNBC progression by engaging the RAS signaling pathway (via Gαs activation). High expression of GPR110 promoted EMT and CSC phenotypes in breast cancer. Consequently, our study highlights the critical role of GPR110 as a therapeutic target and inhibition of GPR110 could provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC patients.
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Eroglu E, Yen CYT, Tsoi YL, Witman N, Elewa A, Joven Araus A, Wang H, Szattler T, Umeano CH, Sohlmér J, Goedel A, Simon A, Chien KR. Epicardium-derived cells organize through tight junctions to replenish cardiac muscle in salamanders. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:645-658. [PMID: 35550612 PMCID: PMC9106584 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the epicardium, the outermost layer of the heart, to cardiac regeneration has remained controversial due to a lack of suitable analytical tools. By combining genetic marker-independent lineage-tracing strategies with transcriptional profiling and loss-of-function methods, we report here that the epicardium of the highly regenerative salamander species Pleurodeles waltl has an intrinsic capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Following cryoinjury, CLDN6+ epicardium-derived cells appear at the lesion site, organize into honeycomb-like structures connected via focal tight junctions and undergo transcriptional reprogramming that results in concomitant differentiation into de novo cardiomyocytes. Ablation of CLDN6+ differentiation intermediates as well as disruption of their tight junctions impairs cardiac regeneration. Salamanders constitute the evolutionarily closest species to mammals with an extensive ability to regenerate heart muscle and our results highlight the epicardium and tight junctions as key targets in efforts to promote cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Eroglu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher Y T Yen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yat-Long Tsoi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Elewa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Joven Araus
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tamara Szattler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chimezie H Umeano
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Sohlmér
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Goedel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - András Simon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Zheng T, Sun M, Liu L, Lan Y, Wang L, Lin F. GPR116 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28059. [PMID: 35049225 PMCID: PMC9191289 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The G protein-coupled receptor 116 (GPR116) is an adhesion subtype of the G protein-coupled receptor family and has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Moreover, it has been shown to predict poor prognosis in breast and colorectal cancers. However, little is known about the role of GPR116 in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and clinical prognostic significance of GPR116 in GC.The mRNA expression levels of GPR116 in GC were analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus and UALCAN databases, and GPR116 protein expression in GC tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between GPR116 expression and prognosis in patients with GC was analyzed and further validated using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The correlation between GPR116 and the differentially expressed genes identified was analyzed using the LinkedOmics database. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using WebGestalt. The results revealed that GPR116 expression was significantly upregulated in GC tissues, which was positively correlated with tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging and tumor invasion. Prognostic analysis suggested that high GPR116 expression contributed to poor overall survival in GC patients. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that GPR116 overexpression was an independent prognostic indicator in patients with GC (HR = 1.855, 95% CI 1.021-3.370, P = .043). Enrichment analysis showed that GPR116 co-expression genes were mainly involved in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, cell adhesion, PI3K-Akt signaling, DNA replication, and cell cycle pathways. In conclusion, GPR116 was highly expressed in GC tissues and associated with poor prognosis in patients with GC, Thus GPR116 may be a novel prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingyao Sun
- Department of Clinical nutrition, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lanzai Liu
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfen Lan
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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5
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Sheldon H, Bridges E, Silva I, Masiero M, Favara DM, Wang D, Leek R, Snell C, Roxanis I, Kreuzer M, Gileadi U, Buffa FM, Banham A, Harris AL. ADGRL4/ELTD1 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells Induces Vascular Normalization and Immune Suppression. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1957-1969. [PMID: 34348993 PMCID: PMC7611948 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ELTD1/ADGRL4 expression is increased in the vasculature of a number of tumor types and this correlates with a good prognosis. Expression has also been reported in some tumor cells with high expression correlating with a good prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Here we show that 35% of primary human breast tumors stain positively for ELTD1, with 9% having high expression that correlates with improved relapse-free survival. Using immunocompetent, syngeneic mouse breast cancer models we found that tumors expressing recombinant murine Eltd1 grew faster than controls, with an enhanced ability to metastasize and promote systemic immune effects. The Eltd1-expressing tumors had larger and better perfused vessels and tumor-endothelial cell interaction led to the release of proangiogenic and immune-modulating factors. M2-like macrophages increased in the stroma along with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor and immune cells, to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that allowed Eltd1-regulated tumor growth in the presence of an NY-ESO-1-specific immune response. Eltd1-positive tumors also responded better to chemotherapy which could explain the relationship to a good prognosis observed in primary human cases. Thus, ELTD1 expression may enhance delivery of therapeutic antibodies to reverse the immunosuppression and increase response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in this subset of tumors. ELTD1 may be useful as a selection marker for such therapies. IMPLICATIONS: ELTD1 expression in mouse breast tumors creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment and increases vessel size and perfusion. Its expression may enhance the delivery of therapies targeting the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sheldon
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Bridges
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ildefonso Silva
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Masiero
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David M Favara
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dian Wang
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Russell Leek
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Snell
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mira Kreuzer
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Sun B, Zhong FJ. ELTD1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through MAPK/ERK Signaling by Regulating CSK. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:4897-4911. [PMID: 34475781 PMCID: PMC8407680 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s325495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with gastric cancer (GC) often die from metastasis. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying GC metastasis is complicated and still remains elusive. Epidermal growth factor, latrophilin and seven-transmembrane domain-containing 1 (ELTD1), has been reported to be involved in cancer metastasis, but its role in GC is still missing. Patients and Methods We first analyzed the expression of ELTD1 in GC using public databases (TCGA, Oncomine, and GEO) and our clinical samples. The functions of ELTD1 in GC proliferation, invasion and metastasis were determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The functional mechanism of ETLD1 in GC was also investigated. Finally, the association between ELTD1 expression and the overall survival of GC patients was analyzed using public databases. Results ELTD1 is significantly upregulated in GC tissues. Knockdown of ELTD1 inhibits GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, while ELTD1 overexpression obtains opposite results. Moreover, ELTD1 could promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC. Mechanistically, ELTD1 exerts its tumor-promoting effect by activating MAPK/ERK signaling. Subsequent studies demonstrated that ELTD1 could interact with C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) and inhibit its expression, which finally lead to MAPK/ERK activation. Data from TGCA and GEO both revealed that GC patients with high ELTD1 expression had poorer prognosis and the combination of ELTD1 with CSK showed better predictive performance. Conclusion ELTD1 plays an oncogene role in GC through MAPK/ERK signaling via inhibiting CSK, which may be a useful prognostic predictor and potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Jing Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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7
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ELTD1-An Emerging Silent Actor in Cancer Drama Play. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105151. [PMID: 34068040 PMCID: PMC8152501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor, latrophilin, and seven transmembrane domain–containing protein 1 (ELTD1), is a member of the G–protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily. Although discovered in 2001, ELTD1 has been investigated only by a few research groups, and important data about its role in normal and tumor cells is still missing. Even though its functions and structure are not yet fully understood, recent studies show that ELTD1 has a role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis, and it appears to be a very important biomarker and a molecular target in cancer diseases. Upregulation of ELTD1 in malignant cells has been reported, and correlated with poor cancer prognosis. This review article aims to compile the existing data and to discuss the current knowledge on ELTD1 structure and signaling, and its role in physiological and neoplastic conditions.
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8
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Favara DM, Liebscher I, Jazayeri A, Nambiar M, Sheldon H, Banham AH, Harris AL. Elevated expression of the adhesion GPCR ADGRL4/ELTD1 promotes endothelial sprouting angiogenesis without activating canonical GPCR signalling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8870. [PMID: 33893326 PMCID: PMC8065136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADGRL4/ELTD1 is an orphan adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) expressed in endothelial cells that regulates tumour angiogenesis. The majority of aGPCRs are orphan receptors. The Stachel Hypothesis proposes a mechanism for aGPCR activation, in which aGPCRs contain a tethered agonist (termed Stachel) C-terminal to the GPCR-proteolytic site (GPS) cleavage point which, when exposed, initiates canonical GPCR signalling. This has been shown in a growing number of aGPCRs. We tested this hypothesis on ADGRL4/ELTD1 by designing full length (FL) and C-terminal fragment (CTF) ADGRL4/ELTD1 constructs, and a range of potential Stachel peptides. Constructs were transfected into HEK293T cells and HTRF FRET, luciferase-reporter and Alphascreen GPCR signalling assays were performed. A stable ADGRL4/ELTD1 overexpressing HUVEC line was additionally generated and angiogenesis assays, signalling assays and transcriptional profiling were performed. ADGRL4/ELTD1 has the lowest GC content in the aGPCR family and codon optimisation significantly increased its expression. FL and CTF ADGRL4/ELTD1 constructs, as well as Stachel peptides, did not activate canonical GPCR signalling. Furthermore, stable overexpression of ADGRL4/ELTD1 in HUVECs induced sprouting angiogenesis, lowered in vitro anastomoses, and decreased proliferation, without activating canonical GPCR signalling or MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, JNK, JAK/HIF-1α, beta catenin or STAT3 pathways. Overexpression upregulated ANTXR1, SLC39A6, HBB, CHRNA, ELMOD1, JAG1 and downregulated DLL4, KIT, CCL15, CYP26B1. ADGRL4/ELTD1 specifically regulates the endothelial tip-cell phenotype through yet undefined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Favara
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3BJ, UK.
- Department of Oncology and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Department of Oncology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ali Jazayeri
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 3AX, UK
- OMass Therapeutics, Oxford, OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Madhulika Nambiar
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 3AX, UK
- Sosei Heptares, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, UK
| | - Helen Sheldon
- Department of Oncology and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alison H Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Abstract
Background Members of the adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have received attention for their roles in health and disease, including cancer. Over the past decade, several members of the family have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Methods Here, we discuss the basic biology of adhesion GPCRs and review in detail specific members of the receptor family with known functions in glioblastoma. Finally, we discuss the potential use of adhesion GPCRs as novel treatment targets in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stephan
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niklas Ravn-Boess
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dimitris G Placantonakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Gad AA, Balenga N. The Emerging Role of Adhesion GPCRs in Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:29-42. [PMID: 32259086 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression, function, and mutation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their signaling partners, G proteins, have been well documented in many forms of cancer. These cell surface receptors and their endogenous ligands are implicated in all aspects of cancer including proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) form the second largest family of GPCRs, most of which are orphan receptors with unknown physiological functions. This is mainly due to our limited insight into their structure, natural ligands, signaling pathways, and tissue expression profiles. Nevertheless, recent studies show that aGPCRs play important roles in cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and cell-cell communication, processes that are dysregulated in cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that aGPCRs are implicated in migration, proliferation, and survival of tumor cells. We here review the role of aGPCRs in the five most common types of cancer (lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, and gastric) and emphasize the importance of further translational studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub A Gad
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States.,Division of General & Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States
| | - Nariman Balenga
- Division of General & Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States.,Molecular and Structural Biology program at University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 20201, United States
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11
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Favara DM, Zois CE, Haider S, Pires E, Sheldon H, McCullagh J, Banham AH, Harris AL. ADGRL4/ELTD1 Silencing in Endothelial Cells Induces ACLY and SLC25A1 and Alters the Cellular Metabolic Profile. Metabolites 2019; 9:E287. [PMID: 31775252 PMCID: PMC6950702 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor L4 (ADGRL4/ELTD1) is an endothelial cell adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) which regulates physiological and tumour angiogenesis, providing an attractive target for anti-cancer therapeutics. To date, ADGRL4/ELTD1's full role and mechanism of function within endothelial biology remains unknown, as do its ligand(s). In this study, ADGRL4/ELTD1 silencing, using two independent small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), was performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS) followed by transcriptional profiling, target gene validation, and metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to better characterise ADGRL4/ELTD1's role in endothelial cell biology. We show that ADGRL4/ELTD1 silencing induced expression of the cytoplasmic metabolic regulator ATP Citrate Lyase (ACLY) and the mitochondria-to-cytoplasm citrate transporter Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 1 (SLC25A1) but had no apparent effect on pathways downstream of ACLY (fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis or acetylation). Silencing induced KIT expression and affected the Notch signalling pathway, upregulating Delta Like Canonical Notch Ligand 4 (DLL4) and suppressing Jagged Canonical Notch Ligand 1 (JAG1) and Hes Family BHLH Transcription Factor 2 (HES2). The effect of ADGRL4/ELTD1 silencing on the cellular metabolic profile was modest but several metabolites were significantly affected. Cis-aconitic acid, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucoronate, fructose 2,6-diphosphate, uridine 5-diphosphate, and aspartic acid were all elevated as a result of silencing and phosphocreatine, N-acetylglutamic acid, taurine, deoxyadenosine triphosphate, and cytidine monophosphate were depleted. Metabolic pathway analysis implicated ADGRL4/ELTD1 in pyrimidine, amino acid, and sugar metabolism. In summary, this study shows that ADGRL4/ELTD1 impacts core components of endothelial metabolism and regulates genes involved in endothelial differentiation/homeostasis and Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Favara
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BJ, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (C.E.Z.); (S.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Christos E. Zois
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (C.E.Z.); (S.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Syed Haider
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (C.E.Z.); (S.H.); (H.S.)
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Elisabete Pires
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; (E.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Helen Sheldon
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (C.E.Z.); (S.H.); (H.S.)
| | - James McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; (E.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Alison H. Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; (C.E.Z.); (S.H.); (H.S.)
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12
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Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: opportunities for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:869-884. [PMID: 31462748 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) - one of the five main families in the GPCR superfamily - have several atypical characteristics, including large, multi-domain N termini and a highly conserved region that can be autoproteolytically cleaved. Although GPCRs overall have well-established pharmacological tractability, currently no therapies that target any of the 33 members of the aGPCR family are either approved or in clinical trials. However, human genetics and preclinical research have strengthened the links between aGPCRs and disease in recent years. This, together with a greater understanding of their functional complexity, has led to growing interest in aGPCRs as drug targets. A framework for prioritizing aGPCR targets and supporting approaches to develop aGPCR modulators could therefore be valuable in harnessing the untapped therapeutic potential of this family. With this in mind, here we discuss the unique opportunities and challenges for drug discovery in modulating aGPCR functions, including target identification, target validation, assay development and safety considerations, using ADGRG1 as an illustrative example.
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Favara DM, Banham AH, Harris AL. ADGRL4/ELTD1 is a highly conserved angiogenesis-associated orphan adhesion GPCR that emerged with the first vertebrates and comprises 3 evolutionary variants. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:143. [PMID: 31299890 PMCID: PMC6626334 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our laboratory identified ADGRL4/ELTD1, an orphan GPCR belonging to the adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) family, as a novel regulator of angiogenesis and a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target. Little is known about how ADGRL4/ELTD1 (and aGPCRs in general) function, a problem compounded by a lack of known ligands or means of activation. With this in mind, we turned to computational evolutionary biology with the aim of better understanding ADGRL4/ELTD1. RESULTS We identified ADGRL4/ELTD1 as a highly conserved early angiogenic gene which emerged in the first true vertebrates (bony fish) approximately 435 million years ago (mya), evolving alongside key angiogenic genes VEGFR2 and DLL4. We identified 3 evolutionary ADGRL4/ELTD1 variants based on EGF domain deletions with variant 2 first emerging 101 mya (95% CI 96-105) in Afrotheria and 82 mya (95% CI 76-89) in Primates. Additionally, conservation mapping across all orthologues reveals highest level conservation in EGF Ca binding domain 1, suggesting that this motif plays an essential role, as well as specific regions of the GAIN domain, GPS motif and 7TM domain, suggesting possible activation mechanisms and ligand binding positions. Additionally, we found that ADGRL4/ELTD1 (a member aGPCR family 1) is possibly ancestral to members of aGPCR family 2. CONCLUSION This work establishes ADGRL4/ELTD1's evolution, sheds light on its possible activation and ligand binding zones, and establishes the first temporal references for the emergence of ADGRL4/ELTD1 variants during vertebrate evolution. Our approach is applicable to the greater aGPCR family and opens up new avenues for future experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Favara
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison H. Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Arimont M, van der Woude M, Leurs R, Vischer HF, de Graaf C, Nijmeijer S. Identification of Key Structural Motifs Involved in 7 Transmembrane Signaling of Adhesion GPCRs. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arimont
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie van der Woude
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry F. Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Nijmeijer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Millar MW, Corson N, Xu L. The Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR56/ADGRG1, Inhibits Cell-Extracellular Matrix Signaling to Prevent Metastatic Melanoma Growth. Front Oncol 2018; 8:8. [PMID: 29450192 PMCID: PMC5799216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic growth is considered a rate-limiting step in cancer progression, and upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and cell-ECM signaling are major drivers of this process. Mechanisms to reverse ECM upregulation in cancer could potentially facilitate its prevention and treatment but they are poorly understood. We previously reported that the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor GPR56/ADGRG1 is downregulated in melanoma metastases. Its re-expression inhibited melanoma growth and metastasis and reduced the deposition of fibronectin, a major ECM component. We hypothesize that its effect on fibronectin deposition contributes to its inhibitory role on metastatic growth. To test this, we investigated the function of GPR56 on cell-fibronectin adhesion and its relationship with metastatic growth in melanoma. Our results reveal that GPR56 inhibits melanoma metastatic growth by impeding the expansion of micrometastases to macrometastases. Meanwhile, we present evidence that GPR56 inhibits fibronectin deposition and its downstream signaling, such as phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), during this process. Administration of the FAK inhibitor Y15 perturbed the proliferation of melanoma metastases, supporting a causative link between the cell adhesion defect induced by GPR56 and its inhibition of metastatic growth. Taken together, our results suggest that GPR56 in melanoma metastases inhibits ECM accumulation and adhesion, which contributes to its negative effects on metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Millar
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Nancy Corson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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16
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De Francesco EM, Sotgia F, Clarke RB, Lisanti MP, Maggiolini M. G Protein-Coupled Receptors at the Crossroad between Physiologic and Pathologic Angiogenesis: Old Paradigms and Emerging Concepts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122713. [PMID: 29240722 PMCID: PMC5751314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been implicated in transmitting signals across the extra- and intra-cellular compartments, thus allowing environmental stimuli to elicit critical biological responses. As GPCRs can be activated by an extensive range of factors including hormones, neurotransmitters, phospholipids and other stimuli, their involvement in a plethora of physiological functions is not surprising. Aberrant GPCR signaling has been regarded as a major contributor to diverse pathologic conditions, such as inflammatory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. In this regard, solid tumors have been demonstrated to activate an angiogenic program that relies on GPCR action to support cancer growth and metastatic dissemination. Therefore, the manipulation of aberrant GPCR signaling could represent a promising target in anticancer therapy. Here, we highlight the GPCR-mediated angiogenic function focusing on the molecular mechanisms and transduction effectors driving the patho-physiological vasculogenesis. Specifically, we describe evidence for the role of heptahelic receptors and associated G proteins in promoting angiogenic responses in pathologic conditions, especially tumor angiogenesis and progression. Likewise, we discuss opportunities to manipulate aberrant GPCR-mediated angiogenic signaling for therapeutic benefit using innovative GPCR-targeted and patient-tailored pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina M De Francesco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria via Savinio, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria via Savinio, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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17
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Ziegler J, Pody R, Coutinho de Souza P, Evans B, Saunders D, Smith N, Mallory S, Njoku C, Dong Y, Chen H, Dong J, Lerner M, Mian O, Tummala S, Battiste J, Fung KM, Wren JD, Towner RA. ELTD1, an effective anti-angiogenic target for gliomas: preclinical assessment in mouse GL261 and human G55 xenograft glioma models. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:175-185. [PMID: 27416955 PMCID: PMC5464087 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite current therapies, glioblastoma is a devastating cancer, and validation of effective biomarkers for it will enable better diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for this disease. We recently discovered a new biomarker for high-grade gliomas, ELTD1 (epidermal growth factor, latrophilin, and 7 transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 on chromosome 1) via bioinformatics, and validated that ELTD1 protein levels are significantly higher in human and rodent gliomas. The focus of this study was to assess the effect on tumor growth of an antibody against ELTD1 in orthotopic, GL261, and G55 xenograft glioma models. Methods The effect of anti-ELTD1 antibody therapy was assessed by animal survival, MRI measured tumor volumes, MR angiography, MR perfusion imaging, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) characterization of microvessel density in mouse glioma models. Comparative treatments included anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-c-Met antibody therapies, compared with untreated controls. Results Tumor volume and survival data in this study show that antibodies against ELTD1 inhibit glioma growth just as effectively or even more so compared with other therapeutic targets studied, including anti-VEGF antibody therapy. Untreated GL261 or G55 tumors were found to have significantly higher ELTD1 levels (IHC) compared with contralateral normal brain. The anti-angiogenic effect of ELTD1 antibody therapy was observed in assessment of microvessel density, as well as from MR angiography and perfusion measurements, which indicated that anti-ELTD1 antibody therapy significantly decreased vascularization compared with untreated controls. Conclusions Either as a single therapy or in conjunction with other therapeutic approaches, anti-ELTD1 antibodies could be a valuable new clinical anti-angiogenic therapeutic for high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadith Ziegler
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Richard Pody
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Blake Evans
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Samantha Mallory
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,The University of Oklahoma Children's Hospital, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Charity Njoku
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Karp Family Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Karp Family Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiali Dong
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Megan Lerner
- Department of Surgery Research Laboratory, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Osamah Mian
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sai Tummala
- Comparative Medicine, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Kar-Ming Fung
- The Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,The Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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18
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Lu S, Liu S, Wietelmann A, Kojonazarov B, Atzberger A, Tang C, Schermuly RT, Gröne HJ, Offermanns S. Developmental vascular remodeling defects and postnatal kidney failure in mice lacking Gpr116 (Adgrf5) and Eltd1 (Adgrl4). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183166. [PMID: 28806758 PMCID: PMC5555693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR116 (ADGRF5) and ELTD1 (ADGRL4) belong to different subfamilies of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor group but are both expressed in endothelial cells. We therefore analyzed their functions in mice lacking these receptors. While loss of GPR116 or ELTD1 alone had no obvious effect on cardiovascular or kidney function, mice lacking both, GPR116 and ELTD1, showed malformations of the aortic arch arteries and the cardiac outflow tract leading to perinatal lethality in about 50% of the mutants. In addition to cardiovascular malformations, surviving mice developed renal thrombotic microangiopathy as well as hemolysis and splenomegaly, and their lifespan was significantly reduced. Loss of GPR116 and ELTD1 specifically in endothelial cells or neural crest-derived cells did not recapitulate any of the phenotypes observed in GPR116-ELTD1 double deficient mice, indicating that loss of GPR116 and ELTD1 expressed by other cells accounts for the observed cardiovascular and renal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (SL); (SO)
| | - Shuya Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ann Atzberger
- Flow Cytometry Service Facility, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Cong Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail: (SL); (SO)
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19
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Mashreghi M, Azarpara H, Bazaz MR, Jafari A, Masoudifar A, Mirzaei H, Jaafari MR. Angiogenesis biomarkers and their targeting ligands as potential targets for tumor angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2949-2965. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mashreghi
- NanotechnologyResearch Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hassan Azarpara
- School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahere R. Bazaz
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Arash Jafari
- School of Medicine; Birjand University of Medical Sciences; Birjand Iran
| | - Aria Masoudifar
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology; ACECR Isfahan Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mahmoud R. Jaafari
- NanotechnologyResearch Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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20
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Opportunities for therapeutic antibodies directed at G-protein-coupled receptors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:787-810. [PMID: 28706220 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated by a diverse range of ligands, from large proteins and proteases to small peptides, metabolites, neurotransmitters and ions. They are expressed on all cells in the body and have key roles in physiology and homeostasis. As such, GPCRs are one of the most important target classes for therapeutic drug discovery. The development of drugs targeting GPCRs has therapeutic value across a wide range of diseases, including cancer, immune and inflammatory disorders as well as neurological and metabolic diseases. The progress made by targeting GPCRs with antibody-based therapeutics, as well as technical hurdles to overcome, are presented and discussed in this Review. Antibody therapeutics targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4), CCR5 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are used as illustrative clinical case studies.
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21
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Krishnan A, Nijmeijer S, de Graaf C, Schiöth HB. Classification, Nomenclature, and Structural Aspects of Adhesion GPCRs. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 234:15-41. [PMID: 27832482 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41523-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Representation of the nine distinct aGPCR subfamilies and their unique N-terminal domain architecture. The illustration also shows the extracellular structural feature shared by all aGPCRs (except ADGRA1), known as the GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain, that mediates autoproteolysis and subsequent attachment of the cleaved NTF and CTF fragments The adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) is unique among all GPCR families with long N-termini and multiple domains that are implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Initially, aGPCRs in the human genome were phylogenetically classified into nine distinct subfamilies based on their 7TM sequence similarity. This phylogenetic grouping of genes into subfamilies was found to be in congruence in closely related mammals and other vertebrates as well. Over the years, aGPCR repertoires have been mapped in many species including model organisms, and, currently, there is a growing interest in exploring the pharmacological aspects of aGPCRs. Nonetheless, the aGPCR nomenclature has been highly diverse because experts in the field have used different names for different family members based on their characteristics (e.g., epidermal growth factor-seven-span transmembrane (EGF-TM7)), but without harmonization with regard to nomenclature efforts. In order to facilitate naming of orthologs and other genetic variants in different species in the future, the Adhesion-GPCR Consortium, together with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification, proposed a unified nomenclature for aGPCRs. Here, we review the classification and the most recent/current nomenclature of aGPCRs and as well discuss the structural topology of the extracellular domain (ECD)/N-terminal fragment (NTF) that is comparable with this 7TM subfamily classification. Of note, we systematically describe the structural domains in the ECD of aGPCR subfamilies and highlight their role in aGPCR-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Krishnan
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, 593, Uppsala, 75 124, Sweden
| | - Saskia Nijmeijer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, 593, Uppsala, 75 124, Sweden.
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22
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Serban F, Artene SA, Georgescu AM, Purcaru SO, Tache DE, Alexandru O, Dricu A. Epidermal growth factor, latrophilin, and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 marker, a novel angiogenesis marker. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3767-74. [PMID: 26719704 PMCID: PMC4689259 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s93843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor, latrophilin, and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 on chromosome 1 (ELTD1), an orphan adhesion G-protein coupled receptor, was reported as a regulator of angiogenesis, also involved in cancer progression and development. More recently, ELTD1 was identified as a potential new tumor marker for high-grade glioma. ELTD1, belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily that comprises the biggest receptor family in the human genome. Following the discovery of ELTD1 almost a decade ago, only a few research groups have attempted to find its role in normal and tumor cells, important information about this receptor remaining still unknown. The ELTD1 ligand has not currently been identified and intracellular signaling studies have not yet been performed in normal or tumor cells. Although the current published data on ELTD1 function and structure are rather limited, this receptor seems to be very important, not only as biomarker, but also as molecular target in glioblastoma. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge on ELTD1 structure, function, and its role in both physiological and tumoral angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Serban
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Stefan-Alexandru Artene
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ada Maria Georgescu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Stefana Oana Purcaru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Elise Tache
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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23
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Monk KR, Hamann J, Langenhan T, Nijmeijer S, Schöneberg T, Liebscher I. Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors: From In Vitro Pharmacology to In Vivo Mechanisms. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:617-23. [PMID: 25956432 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) comprises 33 members in humans. aGPCRs are characterized by their enormous size and complex modular structures. While the physiologic importance of many aGPCRs has been clearly demonstrated in recent years, the underlying molecular functions have only recently begun to be elucidated. In this minireview, we present an overview of our current knowledge on aGPCR activation and signal transduction with a focus on the latest findings regarding the interplay between ligand binding, mechanical force, and the tethered agonistic Stachel sequence, as well as implications on translational approaches that may derive from understanding aGPCR pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Monk
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.R.M.); Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.H.); Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (T.L.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry/Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.N.); and Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.S., I.L.)
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.R.M.); Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.H.); Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (T.L.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry/Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.N.); and Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.S., I.L.)
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.R.M.); Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.H.); Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (T.L.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry/Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.N.); and Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.S., I.L.)
| | - Saskia Nijmeijer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.R.M.); Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.H.); Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (T.L.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry/Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.N.); and Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.S., I.L.)
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.R.M.); Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.H.); Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (T.L.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry/Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.N.); and Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.S., I.L.)
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (K.R.M.); Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.H.); Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (T.L.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry/Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.N.); and Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.S., I.L.)
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