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de Pater S, Kamoen L, van Schendel R, Hooykaas PJJ, Tijsterman M. Profiling Cas9- and Cas12a-induced mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39052360 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement of CRISPR technologies, a comprehensive understanding of repair mechanisms following double-strand break (DSB) formation is important for improving the precision and efficiency of genetic modifications. In plant genetics, two Cas nucleases are widely used, i.e. Cas9 and Cas12a, which differ with respect to PAM sequence composition, position of the DSB relative to the PAM, and DSB-end configuration (blunt vs. staggered). The latter difference has led to speculations about different options for repair and recombination. Here, we provide detailed repair profiles for LbCas12a in Arabidopsis thaliana, using identical experimental settings previously reported for Cas9-induced DSBs, thus allowing for a quantitative comparison of both nucleases. For both enzymes, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) produces 70% of mutations, whereas polymerase theta-mediated end-joining (TMEJ) generates 30%, indicating that DSB-end configuration does not dictate repair pathway choice. Relevant for genome engineering approaches aimed at integrating exogenous DNA, we found that Cas12a similarly stimulates the integration of T-DNA molecules as does Cas9. Long-read sequencing of both Cas9 and Cas12a repair outcomes further revealed a previously underappreciated degree of DNA loss upon TMEJ. The most notable disparity between Cas9 and Cas12a repair profiles is caused by how NHEJ acts on DSB ends with short overhangs: non-symmetric Cas9 cleavage produce 1 bp insertions, which we here show to depend on polymerase Lambda, whereas staggered Cas12a DSBs are not subjected to fill-in synthesis. We conclude that Cas9 and Cas12a are equally effective for genome engineering purposes, offering flexibility in nuclease choice based on the availability of compatible PAM sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia de Pater
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, BE, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Lycka Kamoen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, BE, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Robin van Schendel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, RC, 2300, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J J Hooykaas
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, BE, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Tijsterman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, BE, 2333, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, RC, 2300, the Netherlands
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2
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Akanmu AO, Asemoloye MD, Marchisio MA, Babalola OO. Adoption of CRISPR-Cas for crop production: present status and future prospects. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17402. [PMID: 38860212 PMCID: PMC11164064 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Global food systems in recent years have been impacted by some harsh environmental challenges and excessive anthropogenic activities. The increasing levels of both biotic and abiotic stressors have led to a decline in food production, safety, and quality. This has also contributed to a low crop production rate and difficulty in meeting the requirements of the ever-growing population. Several biotic stresses have developed above natural resistance in crops coupled with alarming contamination rates. In particular, the multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria and some other plant pathogens has been a hot topic over recent years since the food system is often exposed to contamination at each of the farm-to-fork stages. Therefore, a system that prioritizes the safety, quality, and availability of foods is needed to meet the health and dietary preferences of everyone at every time. Methods This review collected scattered information on food systems and proposes methods for plant disease management. Multiple databases were searched for relevant specialized literature in the field. Particular attention was placed on the genetic methods with special interest in the potentials of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and Cas (CRISPR associated) proteins technology in food systems and security. Results The review reveals the approaches that have been developed to salvage the problem of food insecurity in an attempt to achieve sustainable agriculture. On crop plants, some systems tend towards either enhancing the systemic resistance or engineering resistant varieties against known pathogens. The CRISPR-Cas technology has become a popular tool for engineering desired genes in living organisms. This review discusses its impact and why it should be considered in the sustainable management, availability, and quality of food systems. Some important roles of CRISPR-Cas have been established concerning conventional and earlier genome editing methods for simultaneous modification of different agronomic traits in crops. Conclusion Despite the controversies over the safety of the CRISPR-Cas system, its importance has been evident in the engineering of disease- and drought-resistant crop varieties, the improvement of crop yield, and enhancement of food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of North-West, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Michael Dare Asemoloye
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of North-West, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of North-West, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Deng F, Li Y, Yang B, Sang R, Deng W, Kansara M, Lin F, Thavaneswaran S, Thomas DM, Goldys EM. Topological barrier to Cas12a activation by circular DNA nanostructures facilitates autocatalysis and transforms DNA/RNA sensing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1818. [PMID: 38443394 PMCID: PMC10914725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Control of CRISPR/Cas12a trans-cleavage is crucial for biosensor development. Here, we show that small circular DNA nanostructures which partially match guide RNA sequences only minimally activate Cas12a ribonucleoproteins. However, linearizing these structures restores activation. Building on this finding, an Autocatalytic Cas12a Circular DNA Amplification Reaction (AutoCAR) system is established which allows a single nucleic acid target to activate multiple ribonucleoproteins, and greatly increases the achievable reporter cleavage rates per target. A rate-equation-based model explains the observed near-exponential rate trends. Autocatalysis is also sustained with DNA nanostructures modified with fluorophore-quencher pairs achieving 1 aM level (<1 copy/μL) DNA detection (106 times improvement), without additional amplification, within 15 min, at room temperature. The detection range is tuneable, spanning 3 to 11 orders of magnitude. We demonstrate 1 aM level detection of SNP mutations in circulating tumor DNA from blood plasma, genomic DNA (H. Pylori) and RNA (SARS-CoV-2) without reverse transcription as well as colorimetric lateral flow tests of cancer mutations with ~100 aM sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Deng
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yi Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Biyao Yang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rui Sang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maya Kansara
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2011, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2011, Australia
- Omico, Australian Genomic Cancer Medicine Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Frank Lin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2011, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Subotheni Thavaneswaran
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2011, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2011, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2011, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2011, Australia
- Omico, Australian Genomic Cancer Medicine Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Verma A, Tiwari H, Singh S, Gupta P, Rai N, Kumar Singh S, Singh BP, Rao S, Gautam V. Epigenetic manipulation for secondary metabolite activation in endophytic fungi: current progress and future directions. Mycology 2023; 14:275-291. [PMID: 38187885 PMCID: PMC10769123 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2241486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have emerged as a promising source of secondary metabolites with significant potential for various applications in the field of biomedicine. The biosynthetic gene clusters of endophytic fungi are responsible for encoding several enzymes and transcriptional factors that are involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The investigation of fungal metabolic potential at genetic level faces certain challenges, including the synthesis of appropriate amounts of chemicals, and loss of the ability of fungal endophytes to produce secondary metabolites in an artificial culture medium. Therefore, there is a need to delve deeper into the field of fungal genomics and transcriptomics to explore the potential of fungal endophytes in generating secondary metabolites governed by biosynthetic gene clusters. The silent biosynthetic gene clusters can be activated by modulating the chromatin structure using chemical compounds. Epigenetic modification plays a significant role by inducing cryptic gene responsible for the production of secondary metabolites using DNA methyl transferase and histone deacetylase. CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing emerges an effective tool to enhance the production of desired metabolites by modulating gene expression. This review primarily focuses on the significance of epigenetic elicitors and their capacity to boost the production of secondary metabolites from endophytes. This article holds the potential to rejuvenate the drug discovery pipeline by introducing new chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harshita Tiwari
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences (AES), National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, India
| | - Sombir Rao
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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5
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Advances and Challenges in CRISPR/Cas-Based Fungal Genome Engineering for Secondary Metabolite Production: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030362. [PMID: 36983530 PMCID: PMC10058990 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi represent an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which have wide applications in many fields, including medicine, agriculture, human health, and many other industries. The genes involved in SM biosynthesis are usually clustered adjacent to each other into a region known as a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). The recent advent of a diversity of genetic and genomic technologies has facilitated the identification of many cryptic or uncharacterized BGCs and their associated SMs. However, there are still many challenges that hamper the broader exploration of industrially important secondary metabolites. The recent advanced CRISPR/Cas system has revolutionized fungal genetic engineering and enabled the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. In this review, we firstly introduce fungal BGCs and their relationships with associated SMs, followed by a brief summary of the conventional strategies for fungal genetic engineering. Next, we introduce a range of state-of-the-art CRISPR/Cas-based tools that have been developed and review recent applications of these methods in fungi for research on the biosynthesis of SMs. Finally, the challenges and limitations of these CRISPR/Cas-based systems are discussed and directions for future research are proposed in order to expand their applications and improve efficiency for fungal genetic engineering.
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6
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Naqvi MM, Lee L, Montaguth OET, Diffin FM, Szczelkun MD. CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated DNA clamping triggers target-strand cleavage. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1014-1022. [PMID: 35836018 PMCID: PMC9395263 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas12a is widely used for genome editing and diagnostics, so it is important to understand how RNA-guided DNA recognition activates the cleavage of the target strand (TS) following non-target-strand (NTS) cleavage. Here we used single-molecule magnetic tweezers, gel-based assays and nanopore sequencing to explore DNA unwinding and cleavage. In addition to dynamic and heterogenous R-loop formation, we also directly observed transient double-stranded DNA unwinding downstream of the 20-bp heteroduplex and, following NTS cleavage, formation of a hyperstable 'clamped' Cas12a-DNA intermediate necessary for TS cleavage. Annealing of a 4-nucleotide 3' CRISPR RNA overhang to the unwound TS downstream of the heteroduplex inhibited clamping and slowed TS cleavage by ~16-fold. Alanine substitution of a conserved aromatic amino acid in the REC2 subdomain that normally caps the R-loop relieved this inhibition but favoured stabilisation of unwound states, suggesting that the REC2 subdomain regulates access of the 3' CRISPR RNA to downstream DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin M Naqvi
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Lee
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Oscar E Torres Montaguth
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fiona M Diffin
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark D Szczelkun
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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7
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Xu H, Tang H, Li R, Xia Z, Yang W, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Lu G, Ni S, Shen J. A New Method Based on LAMP-CRISPR–Cas12a-Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip for Detection. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:685-696. [PMID: 35250283 PMCID: PMC8893151 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s348456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Discussion
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- University Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Laboratory Department, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Xia
- University Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wensu Yang
- University Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- University Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- University Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Laboratory Department of Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenwang Ni
- University Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilu Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jilu Shen, Tel +86 151 5515 2963, Email ;
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8
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Son H, Park J, Hwang I, Jung Y, Bae S, Lee S. Mg 2+-dependent conformational rearrangements of CRISPR-Cas12a R-loop complex are mandatory for complete double-stranded DNA cleavage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2113747118. [PMID: 34853172 PMCID: PMC8670479 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113747118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas12a, an RNA-guided DNA targeting endonuclease, has been widely used for genome editing and nucleic acid detection. As part of the essential processes for both of these applications, the two strands of double-stranded DNA are sequentially cleaved by a single catalytic site of Cas12a, but the mechanistic details that govern the generation of complete breaks in double-stranded DNA remain to be elucidated. Here, using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay, we identified two conformational intermediates that form consecutively following the initial cleavage of the nontarget strand. Specifically, these two intermediates are the result of further unwinding of the target DNA in the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM)-distal region and the subsequent binding of the target strand to the catalytic site. Notably, the PAM-distal DNA unwound conformation was stabilized by Mg2+ ions, thereby significantly promoting the binding and cleavage of the target strand. These findings enabled us to propose a Mg2+-dependent kinetic model for the mechanism whereby Cas12a achieves cleavage of the target DNA, highlighting the presence of conformational rearrangements for the complete cleavage of the double-stranded DNA target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyjin Son
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeil Park
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Injoo Hwang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngri Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea;
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9
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Li Y, Li T, Liu BF, Hu R, Zhu J, He T, Zhou X, Li C, Yang Y, Liu M. CRISPR-Cas12a trans-cleaves DNA G-quadruplexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12526-12529. [PMID: 32966423 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We for the first time report that the activated CRISPR-Cas12a system trans-cleaves DNA G-quadruplexes (G4). The cleavage activity on human telomere G4 and TBA G4 was investigated and verified by FRET, CD, gel electrophoresis and NMR. We believe that this finding will pave a new avenue for advancing the applications of CRISPR-Cas12a and G4 in biosensing and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Conggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
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10
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Finger-Bou M, Orsi E, van der Oost J, Staals RHJ. CRISPR with a Happy Ending: Non-Templated DNA Repair for Prokaryotic Genome Engineering. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900404. [PMID: 32558098 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of microbial metabolism is expected to support the development of a sustainable economy and tackle several problems related to the burdens of human consumption. Microorganisms have the potential to catalyze processes that are currently unavailable, unsustainable and/or inefficient. Their metabolism can be optimized and further expanded using tools like the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and their associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) systems. These tools have revolutionized the field of biotechnology, as they greatly streamline the genetic engineering of organisms from all domains of life. CRISPR-Cas and other nucleases mediate double-strand DNA breaks, which must be repaired to prevent cell death. In prokaryotes, these breaks can be repaired through either homologous recombination, when a DNA repair template is available, or through template-independent end joining, of which two major pathways are known. These end joining pathways depend on different sets of proteins and mediate DNA repair with different outcomes. Understanding these DNA repair pathways can be advantageous to steer the results of genome engineering experiments. In this review, we discuss different strategies for the genetic engineering of prokaryotes through either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or alternative end joining (AEJ), both of which are independent of exogenous DNA repair templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Finger-Bou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Orsi
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond H J Staals
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
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