1
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Galli M, Frigerio C, Colombo CV, Casari E, Longhese MP, Clerici M. Exo1 cooperates with Tel1/ATM in promoting recombination events at DNA replication forks. iScience 2024; 27:110410. [PMID: 39081288 PMCID: PMC11284563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tel1/ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase plays multiple functions in response to DNA damage, promoting checkpoint-mediated cell-cycle arrest and repair of broken DNA. In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tel1 stabilizes replication forks that arrest upon the treatment with the topoisomerase poison camptothecin (CPT). We discover that inactivation of the Exo1 nuclease exacerbates the sensitivity of Tel1-deficient cells to CPT and other agents that hamper DNA replication. Furthermore, cells lacking both Exo1 and Tel1 activities exhibit sustained checkpoint activation in the presence of CPT, indicating that Tel1 and Exo1 limit the activation of a Mec1-dependent checkpoint. The absence of Tel1 or its kinase activity enhances recombination between inverted DNA repeats induced by replication fork blockage in an Exo1-dependent manner. Thus, we propose that Exo1 processes intermediates arising at stalled forks in tel1 mutants to promote DNA replication recovery and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Galli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Frigerio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Vittoria Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Casari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Longhese
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Clerici
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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2
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Garyn CM, Bover O, Murray JW, Ma J, Salas-Briceno K, Ross SR, Snoeck HW. G2 arrest primes hematopoietic stem cells for megakaryopoiesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114388. [PMID: 38935497 PMCID: PMC11330628 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to most hematopoietic lineages, megakaryocytes (MKs) can derive rapidly and directly from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The underlying mechanism is unclear, however. Here, we show that DNA damage induces MK markers in HSCs and that G2 arrest, an integral part of the DNA damage response, suffices for MK priming followed by irreversible MK differentiation in HSCs, but not in progenitors. We also show that replication stress causes DNA damage in HSCs and is at least in part due to uracil misincorporation in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with this notion, thymidine attenuated DNA damage, improved HSC maintenance, and reduced the generation of CD41+ MK-committed HSCs. Replication stress and concomitant MK differentiation is therefore one of the barriers to HSC maintenance. DNA damage-induced MK priming may allow rapid generation of a lineage essential to immediate organismal survival, while also removing damaged cells from the HSC pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Garyn
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oriol Bover
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John W Murray
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Karen Salas-Briceno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Susan R Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Human Development/Center for Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Wu C, Li J, Lu L, Li M, Yuan Y, Li J. OGT and OGA: Sweet guardians of the genome. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107141. [PMID: 38447797 PMCID: PMC10981121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The past 4 decades have witnessed tremendous efforts in deciphering the role of O-GlcNAcylation in a plethora of biological processes. Chemists and biologists have joined hand in hand in the sweet adventure to unravel this unique and universal yet uncharted post-translational modification, and the recent advent of cutting-edge chemical biology and mass spectrometry tools has greatly facilitated the process. Compared with O-GlcNAc, DNA damage response (DDR) is a relatively intensively studied area that could be traced to before the elucidation of the structure of DNA. Unexpectedly, yet somewhat expectedly, O-GlcNAc has been found to regulate various DDR pathways: homologous recombination, nonhomologous end joining, base excision repair, and translesion DNA synthesis. In this review, we first cover the recent structural studies of the O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, the elegant duo that "writes" and "erases" O-GlcNAc modification. Then we delineate the intricate roles of O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase in DDR. We envision that this is only the beginning of our full appreciation of how O-GlcNAc regulates the blueprint of life-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
| | - Jiaheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lingzi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yanqiu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Lei H, He A, Jiang Y, Ruan M, Han N. Targeting DNA damage response as a potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1031944. [PMID: 36338767 PMCID: PMC9634729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1031944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells experience both endogenous and exogenous DNA damage daily. To maintain genome integrity and suppress tumorigenesis, individuals have evolutionarily acquired a series of repair functions, termed DNA damage response (DDR), to repair DNA damage and ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information. Defects in DNA damage repair pathways may lead to various diseases, including tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in DDR-related genes, such as somatic or germline mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and promoter methylation, are closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite recent advances in surgery combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, there has been no substantial improvement in the survival rate of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a promising treatment for HNSCC. In this review, we summarized the sources of DNA damage and DNA damage repair pathways. Further, the role of DNA damage repair pathways in the development of HNSCC and the application of small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways in the treatment of HNSCC were focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lei
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ading He
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Ruan
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacio-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Han
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacio-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Khatib JB, Schleicher EM, Jackson LM, Dhoonmoon A, Moldovan GL, Nicolae CM. Complementary CRISPR genome-wide genetic screens in PARP10-knockout and overexpressing cells identify synthetic interactions for PARP10-mediated cellular survival. Oncotarget 2022; 13:1078-1091. [PMID: 36187556 PMCID: PMC9518689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP10 is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase with multiple cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and DNA repair. PARP10 is overexpressed in a significant proportion of tumors, particularly breast and ovarian cancers. Identifying genetic susceptibilities based on PARP10 expression levels is thus potentially relevant for finding new targets for precision oncology. Here, we performed a series of CRISPR genome-wide loss-of-function screens in isogenic control and PARP10-overexpressing or PARP10-knockout cell lines, to identify genetic determinants of PARP10-mediated cellular survival. We found that PARP10-overexpressing cells rely on multiple DNA repair genes for survival, including ATM, the master regulator of the DNA damage checkpoint. Moreover, we show that PARP10 impacts the recruitment of ATM to nascent DNA upon replication stress. Finally, we identify the CDK2-Cyclin E1 complex as essential for proliferation of PARP10-knockout cells. Our work identifies a network of functionally relevant PARP10 synthetic interactions, and reveals a set of factors which can potentially be targeted in personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude B Khatib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Emily M Schleicher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lindsey M Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ashna Dhoonmoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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6
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The TIP60-ATM axis regulates replication fork stability in BRCA-deficient cells. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 35717336 PMCID: PMC9206655 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of replication fork stability is essential for genome preservation. Stalled replication forks can be reversed by translocases such as SMARCAL1, and unless protected through the activity of the BRCA pathway, are subsequently subjected to nucleolytic degradation. The ATM and ATR kinases are master regulators of the DNA damage response. ATM activation upon DNA damage is mediated by the acetyltransferase TIP60. Here, we show that the TIP60-ATM pathway promotes replication fork reversal by recruiting SMARCAL1 to stalled forks. This enables fork degradation in BRCA-deficient cells. We also show that this ATM activity is not shared by ATR. Moreover, we performed a series of genome-wide CRISPR knockout genetic screens to identify genetic determinants of the cellular sensitivity to ATM inhibition in wildtype and BRCA2-knockout cells, and validated the top hits from multiple screens. We provide a valuable list of common genes which regulate the response to multiple ATM inhibitors. Importantly, we identify a differential response of wildtype and BRCA2-deficient cells to these inhibitors. In BRCA2-knockout cells, DNA repair genes (including RAD17, MDC1, and USP28) were essential for survival upon ATM inhibitor treatment, which was not the case in wild-type cells. These findings may eventually help guide the way for rational deployment of ATM inhibitors in the clinic.
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7
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Aguado J, Gómez-Inclán C, Leeson HC, Lavin MF, Shiloh Y, Wolvetang EJ. The hallmarks of aging in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101653. [PMID: 35644374 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is caused by absence of the catalytic activity of ATM, a protein kinase that plays a central role in the DNA damage response, many branches of cellular metabolism, redox and mitochondrial homeostasis, and cell cycle regulation. A-T is a complex disorder characterized mainly by progressive cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, radiation sensitivity, genome instability, and predisposition to cancer. It is increasingly recognized that the premature aging component of A-T is an important driver of this disease, and A-T is therefore an attractive model to study the aging process. This review outlines the current state of knowledge pertaining to the molecular and cellular signatures of aging in A-T and proposes how these new insights can guide novel therapeutic approaches for A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Cecilia Gómez-Inclán
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hannah C Leeson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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8
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Loïodice I, Garnier M, Nikolov I, Taddei A. An Inducible System for Silencing Establishment Reveals a Stepwise Mechanism in Which Anchoring at the Nuclear Periphery Precedes Heterochromatin Formation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112810. [PMID: 34831033 PMCID: PMC8616196 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, silent chromatin is mainly found at the nuclear periphery forming subnuclear compartments that favor silencing establishment. Here, we set up an inducible system to monitor silencing establishment at an ectopic locus in relation with its subnuclear localization in budding yeast. We previously showed that introducing LacI bound lacO arrays in proximity to gene flanked by HML silencers favors the recruitment of the yeast silencing complex SIR at this locus, leading to its silencing and anchoring at the nuclear periphery. Using an inducible version of this system, we show that silencing establishment is a stepwise process occurring over several cell cycles, with the progressive recruitment of the SIR complex. In contrast, we observed a rapid, SIR-independent perinuclear anchoring, induced by the high amount of LacI binding at the lacO array leading to nucleosome eviction at this array and to the phosphorylation of H2A in the neighboring nucleosomes by Mec1 kinase. While the initial phosphorylation of H2A (H2A-P) and perinuclear anchoring are independent of the SIR complex, its latter recruitment stabilizes H2A-P and reinforces the perinuclear anchoring. Finally, we showed that Sir3 spreading stabilizes nucleosomes and limits the access of specific DNA-binding protein to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Loïodice
- Nuclear Dynamics Unit, CNRS, Institut Curie, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (I.L.); (M.G.); (I.N.)
| | - Mickael Garnier
- Nuclear Dynamics Unit, CNRS, Institut Curie, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (I.L.); (M.G.); (I.N.)
| | - Ivaylo Nikolov
- Nuclear Dynamics Unit, CNRS, Institut Curie, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (I.L.); (M.G.); (I.N.)
| | - Angela Taddei
- Nuclear Dynamics Unit, CNRS, Institut Curie, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (I.L.); (M.G.); (I.N.)
- Cogitamus Laboratory, F-75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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9
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Ghodke PP, Guengerich FP. DNA polymerases η and κ bypass N 2-guanine-O 6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase cross-linked DNA-peptides. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101124. [PMID: 34461101 PMCID: PMC8463853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-protein cross-links are formed when proteins become covalently trapped with DNA in the presence of exogenous or endogenous alkylating agents. If left unrepaired, they inhibit transcription as well as DNA unwinding during replication and may result in genome instability or even cell death. The DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine DNA-alkyltransferase (AGT) is known to form DNA cross-links in the presence of the carcinogen 1,2-dibromoethane, resulting in G:C to T:A transversions and other mutations in both bacterial and mammalian cells. We hypothesized that AGT-DNA cross-links would be processed by nuclear proteases to yield peptides small enough to be bypassed by translesion (TLS) polymerases. Here, a 15-mer and a 36-mer peptide from the active site of AGT were cross-linked to the N2 position of guanine via conjugate addition of a thiol containing a peptide dehydroalanine moiety. Bypass studies with DNA polymerases (pols) η and κ indicated that both can accurately bypass the cross-linked DNA peptides. The specificity constant (kcat/Km) for steady-state incorporation of the correct nucleotide dCTP increased by 6-fold with human (h) pol κ and 3-fold with hpol η, with hpol η preferentially inserting nucleotides in the order dC > dG > dA > dT. LC-MS/MS analysis of the extension product also revealed error-free bypass of the cross-linked 15-mer peptide by hpol η. We conclude that a bulky 15-mer AGT peptide cross-linked to the N2 position of guanine can retard polymerization, but that overall fidelity is not compromised because only correct bases are inserted and extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha P Ghodke
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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10
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Galli M, Frigerio C, Longhese MP, Clerici M. The regulation of the DNA damage response at telomeres: focus on kinases. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:933-943. [PMID: 33769480 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The natural ends of linear chromosomes resemble those of accidental double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs induce a multifaceted cellular response that promotes the repair of lesions and slows down cell cycle progression. This response is not elicited at chromosome ends, which are organized in nucleoprotein structures called telomeres. Besides counteracting DSB response through specialized telomere-binding proteins, telomeres also prevent chromosome shortening. Despite of the different fate of telomeres and DSBs, many proteins involved in the DSB response also localize at telomeres and participate in telomere homeostasis. In particular, the DSB master regulators Tel1/ATM and Mec1/ATR contribute to telomere length maintenance and arrest cell cycle progression when chromosome ends shorten, thus promoting a tumor-suppressive process known as replicative senescence. During senescence, the actions of both these apical kinases and telomere-binding proteins allow checkpoint activation while bulk DNA repair activities at telomeres are still inhibited. Checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest also prevents further telomere erosion and deprotection that would favor chromosome rearrangements, which are known to increase cancer-associated genome instability. This review summarizes recent insights into functions and regulation of Tel1/ATM and Mec1/ATR at telomeres both in the presence and in the absence of telomerase, focusing mainly on discoveries in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Galli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Chiara Frigerio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Longhese
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Michela Clerici
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
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11
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Zhang T, Zheng S, Liu Y, Li X, Wu J, Sun Y, Liu G. DNA damage response and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in ovarian cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103112. [PMID: 33838550 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis due to drug resistance, relapse and metastasis. In recent years, immunotherapy has been applied in numerous cancers clinically. However, the effect of immunotherapy monotherapy in ovarian cancer is limited. DNA damage response (DDR) is an essential factor affecting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Defective DNA repair may lead to carcinogenesis and tumor genomic instability, but on the other hand, it may also portend particular vulnerability of tumors and can be used as biomarkers for immunotherapy patient selection. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway mediates tumor immune escape, which may be a promising target for immunotherapy. Therefore, further understanding of the mechanism of PD-L1 expression after DDR may help guide the development of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. In this review, we present the DNA damage repair pathway and summarize how DNA damage repair affects the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer cells. And then we look for biomarkers that affect efficacy or prognosis. Finally, we review the progress of PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy in combination with other therapies that may affect the DDR pathway in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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12
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Ghodke PP, Gonzalez-Vasquez G, Wang H, Johnson KM, Sedgeman CA, Guengerich FP. Enzymatic bypass of an N 6-deoxyadenosine DNA-ethylene dibromide-peptide cross-link by translesion DNA polymerases. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100444. [PMID: 33617883 PMCID: PMC8024977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrepaired DNA-protein cross-links, due to their bulky nature, can stall replication forks and result in genome instability. Large DNA-protein cross-links can be cleaved into DNA-peptide cross-links, but the extent to which these smaller fragments disrupt normal replication is not clear. Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane) is a known carcinogen that can cross-link the repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) to the N6 position of deoxyadenosine (dA) in DNA, as well as four other positions in DNA. We investigated the effect of a 15-mer peptide from the active site of AGT, cross-linked to the N6 position of dA, on DNA replication by human translesion synthesis DNA polymerases (Pols) η, ⍳, and κ. The peptide-DNA cross-link was bypassed by the three polymerases at different rates. In steady-state kinetics, the specificity constant (kcat/Km) for incorporation of the correct nucleotide opposite to the adduct decreased by 220-fold with Pol κ, tenfold with pol η, and not at all with Pol ⍳. Pol η incorporated all four nucleotides across from the lesion, with the preference dT > dC > dA > dG, while Pol ⍳ and κ only incorporated the correct nucleotide. However, LC-MS/MS analysis of the primer-template extension product revealed error-free bypass of the cross-linked 15-mer peptide by Pol η. We conclude that a bulky 15-mer peptide cross-linked to the N6 position of dA can retard polymerization and cause miscoding but that overall fidelity is not compromised because only correct pairs are extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha P Ghodke
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carl A Sedgeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Hallmarks of Health. Cell 2020; 184:33-63. [PMID: 33340459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The biological causes or hallmarks of health include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers and containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, and rhythmic oscillations), and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, and repair and regeneration). Disruption of any of these interlocked features is broadly pathogenic, causing an acute or progressive derailment of the system coupled to the loss of numerous stigmata of health.
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