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Monte E, Furihata T, Wang G, Perea-Gil I, Wei E, Chaib H, Nair R, Guevara JV, Mares R, Cheng X, Zhuge Y, Black K, Serrano R, Dagan-Rosenfeld O, Maguire P, Mercola M, Karakikes I, Wu JC, Snyder MP. Personalized transcriptome signatures in a cardiomyopathy stem cell biobank. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593618. [PMID: 38798547 PMCID: PMC11118309 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that pathogenic mutations do not fully explain hypertrophic (HCM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy phenotypes. We hypothesized that if a patient's genetic background was influencing cardiomyopathy this should be detectable as signatures in gene expression. We built a cardiomyopathy biobank resource for interrogating personalized genotype phenotype relationships in human cell lines. METHODS We recruited 308 diseased and control patients for our cardiomyopathy stem cell biobank. We successfully reprogrammed PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for 300 donors. These iPSCs underwent whole genome sequencing and were differentiated into cardiomyocytes for RNA-seq. In addition to annotating pathogenic variants, mutation burden in a panel of cardiomyopathy genes was assessed for correlation with echocardiogram measurements. Line-specific co-expression networks were inferred to evaluate transcriptomic subtypes. Drug treatment targeted the sarcomere, either by activation with omecamtiv mecarbil or inhibition with mavacamten, to alter contractility. RESULTS We generated an iPSC biobank from 300 donors, which included 101 individuals with HCM and 88 with DCM. Whole genome sequencing of 299 iPSC lines identified 78 unique pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in the diseased lines. Notably, only DCM lines lacking a known pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation replicated a finding in the literature for greater nonsynonymous SNV mutation burden in 102 cardiomyopathy genes to correlate with lower left ventricular ejection fraction in DCM. We analyzed RNA-sequencing data from iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for 102 donors. Inferred personalized co-expression networks revealed two transcriptional subtypes of HCM. The first subtype exhibited concerted activation of the co-expression network, with the degree of activation reflective of the disease severity of the donor. In contrast, the second HCM subtype and the entire DCM cohort exhibited partial activation of the respective disease network, with the strength of specific gene by gene relationships dependent on the iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte line. ADCY5 was the largest hubnode in both the HCM and DCM networks and partially corrected in response to drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS We have a established a stem cell biobank for studying cardiomyopathy. Our analysis supports the hypothesis the genetic background influences pathologic gene expression programs and support a role for ADCY5 in cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Monte
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Guangwen Wang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Isaac Perea-Gil
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Eric Wei
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Hassan Chaib
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ramesh Nair
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Julio Vicente Guevara
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Rene Mares
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Xun Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Yan Zhuge
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Katelyn Black
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Peter Maguire
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Mark Mercola
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Cheng Y, Yan M, He S, Xie Y, Wei L, Xuan B, Shang Z, Wu M, Zheng H, Chen Y, Yuan M, Peng J, Shen A. Baicalin alleviates angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy and modulates the AMPK/mTOR pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18321. [PMID: 38712979 PMCID: PMC11075640 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
As a main extraction compound from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Baicalin exhibits various biological activities. However, the underlying mechanism of Baicalin on hypertension-induced heart injury remains unclear. In vivo, mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II; 500 ng/kg/min) or saline using osmotic pumps, followed by intragastrically administrated with Baicalin (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. In vitro, H9C2 cells were stimulated with Ang II (1 μM) and treated with Baicalin (12.5, 25 and 50 μM). Baicalin treatment significantly attenuated the decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening, increase in left ventricular mass, left ventricular systolic volume and left ventricular diastolic volume of Ang II infused mice. Moreover, Baicalin treatment reversed 314 differentially expressed transcripts in the cardiac tissues of Ang II infused mice, and enriched multiple enriched signalling pathways (including apoptosis, autophagy, AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway). Consistently, Baicalin treatment significantly alleviated Ang II-induced cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Baicalin treatment reversed the up-regulation of Bax, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Meanwhile, Baicalin treatment alleviated Ang II-induced increase of autophagosomes, restored autophagic flux, and down-regulated LC3II, Beclin 1, as well as up-regulated SQSTM1/p62 expression. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine treatment alleviated the increase of autophagosomes and the up-regulation of Beclin 1, LC3II, Bax, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, down-regulation of SQSTM1/p62 and Bcl-2 expression after Ang II treated, which similar to co-treatment with Baicalin. Baicalin treatment reduced the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK, while increased the ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR. Baicalin alleviated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy, which might be related to the inhibition of the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Mengchao Yan
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Shuyu He
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Yi Xie
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Bihan Xuan
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Zucheng Shang
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Huifang Zheng
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Youqin Chen
- Department of PediatricsRainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular DiseasesFuzhouFujianChina
- Innovation and Transformation CenterFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
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Yuan Q, Sun Y, Yang F, Yan D, Shen M, Jin Z, Zhan L, Liu G, Yang L, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Zhou X, Yu Y, Xu Y, Wu Q, Luo J, Hu X, Zhang C. CircRNA DICAR as a novel endogenous regulator for diabetic cardiomyopathy and diabetic pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:99. [PMID: 36882410 PMCID: PMC9992392 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified that a conserved circular RNA (circRNA) DICAR, which was downregulated in diabetic mouse hearts. DICAR had an inhibitory effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as the spontaneous cardiac dysfunction, cardiac cell hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis occurred in DICAR deficiency (DICAR+/-) mice, whereas the DCM was alleviated in DICAR-overexpressed DICARTg mice. At the cellular level, we found that overexpression of DICAR inhibited, but knockdown of DICAR enhanced the diabetic cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. At the molecular level, we identified that DICAR-VCP-Med12 degradation could be the underlying molecular mechanism in DICAR-mediated effects. The synthesized DICAR junction part (DICAR-JP) exhibited a similar effect to the entire DICAR. In addition, the expression of DICAR in circulating blood cells and plasma from diabetic patients was lower than that from health controls, which was consistent with the decreased DICAR expression in diabetic hearts. DICAR and the synthesized DICAR-JP may be drug candidates for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yunwei Sun
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dan Yan
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Meihua Shen
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- China Resource & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lin Zhan
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guangqi Liu
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qianyi Zhou
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qingming Wu
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jianfang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiamin Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 210000, China.
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Voisard P, Diofano F, Glazier AA, Rottbauer W, Just S. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Constitutive Loss of VCP (Valosin-Containing Protein) Impairs Proteostasis and Leads to Defective Striated Muscle Structure and Function In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126722. [PMID: 35743185 PMCID: PMC9223409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) acts as a key regulator of cellular protein homeostasis by coordinating protein turnover and quality control. Mutations in VCP lead to (cardio-)myopathy and neurodegenerative diseases such as inclusion body myopathy with Paget’s disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To date, due to embryonic lethality, no constitutive VCP knockout animal model exists. Here, we generated a constitutive CRISPR/Cas9-induced vcp knockout zebrafish model. Similar to the phenotype of vcp morphant knockdown zebrafish embryos, we found that vcp-null embryos displayed significantly impaired cardiac and skeletal muscle function. By ultrastructural analysis of skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, we observed severely disrupted myofibrillar organization and accumulation of inclusion bodies as well as mitochondrial degeneration. vcp knockout was associated with a significant accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, suggesting impaired proteasomal function. Additionally, markers of unfolded protein response (UPR)/ER-stress and autophagy-related mTOR signaling were elevated in vcp-deficient embryos, demonstrating impaired proteostasis in VCP-null zebrafish. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the successful generation of a stable constitutive vcp knockout zebrafish line that will enable characterization of the detailed mechanistic underpinnings of vcp loss, particularly the impact of disturbed protein homeostasis on organ development and function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Voisard
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.V.); (F.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Federica Diofano
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.V.); (F.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Amelia A. Glazier
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.V.); (F.D.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (P.V.); (F.D.); (A.A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-45118; Fax: +49-731-500-45159
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Xu C, Yu B, Zhao X, Lin X, Tang X, Liu Z, Gao P, Ge J, Wang S, Li L. Valosin Containing Protein as a Specific Biomarker for Predicting the Development of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Its Complication. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:803532. [PMID: 35369356 PMCID: PMC8971847 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.803532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) consists of a range of acute myocardial ischemia-related manifestations. The adverse events of ACS are usually associated with ventricular dysfunction (VD), which could finally develop to heart failure. Currently, there is no satisfactory indicator that could specifically predict the development of ACS and its prognosis. Valosin-containing protein (VCP) has recently been proposed to protect against cardiac diseases. Hence, we aimed to assess whether VCP in serum can serve as a valuable biomarker for predicting ACS and its complication. Methods Human serum samples from 291 participants were collected and classified into four groups based on their clinical diagnosis, namely healthy control (n = 64), ACS (n = 40), chronic coronary syndrome (CCS, n = 99), and nonischemic heart disease (non-IHD, n = 88). Clinical characteristics of these participants were recorded and their serum VCP levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Association of serum VCP with the development of ACS and its complication VD was statistically studied. Subsequently, GWAS and eQTL analyses were performed to explore the association between VCP polymorphism and monocyte count. A stability test was also performed to investigate whether VCP is a stable biomarker. Results Serum VCP levels were significantly higher in the ACS group compared with the rest groups. Besides, the VCP levels of patients with ACS with VD were significantly lower compared to those without VD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that VCP was associated with both the risk of ACS (P = 0.042, OR = 1.222) and the risk of developing VD in patients with ACS (P = 0.035, OR = 0.513) independently. The GWAS analysis also identified an association between VCP polymorphism (rs684562) and monocyte count, whereas the influence of rs684562 on VCP mRNA expression level was further verified by eQTL analysis. Moreover, a high stability of serum VCP content was observed under different preservation circumstances. Conclusion Valosin-containing protein could act as a stable biomarker in predicting the development of ACS and its complication VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchao Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bokang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinru Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliang Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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KARTAL B, ALİMOĞULLARI E, AKCAN G, ÇAYLI S, VERGİLİ MA. Immunohistochemical examination of p97/VCP expression in developing mouse pancreas and liver. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.904567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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