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Wang L, Sun W, Ren G, Sun Y, Xu C, Song Q, Zhang X, Yang C, Liu Z. Deletion of Nrf2 induced severe oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice model of diabetic bladder dysfunction. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-04064-y. [PMID: 38771415 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway has been confirmed as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however few studies revealed its effect in diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD). Herein, we reported a Nrf2 deletion diabetic mouse model induced by 8-week high-fat diet feeding combined with streptozocin (STZ) injection in Nrf2 knockout mice. Besides, wild-type mice (WT) were used as control group, wild-type mice with high-fat diet feeding and STZ injection as diabetic group (WT-T2DM), and Nrf2 knockout mice as Nrf2 deletion group (KO). The pathophysiological indexes and bladder morphology showed typical pathological features of diabetic bladder dysfunction in Nrf2 knockout diabetic mouse mice (KO-T2DM). ELISA results showed that advanced glycation end products (AGEs), ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in bladder was were up-regulated in both WT-T2DM and KO-T2DM group, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased in these two groups. Compared with WT-T2DM group, western blot analysis of the bladder showed down-regulated expression of NQO1 and HO-1 in KO-T2DM group. However, apoptosis, marked by Caspase3 and bax/bcl-2 ratio, was increased in KO-T2DM group. Neurotrophic factor (NGF) was significantly decreased in DBD model, and even much lower in KO-T2DM group. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that deletion of Nrf2 lead to severe oxidative stress, apoptosis, and lower level of neurotrophic factor, and provided the first set of experimental evidence, in a mouse model, to support Nrf2 as a promising target for DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiaho Sun
- Department of Urology Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guanyu Ren
- Department of Urology Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qixiang Song
- Department of Urology Surgery, Renji Hospital, ShangHai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Tondar A, Sánchez-Herrero S, Bepari AK, Bahmani A, Calvet Liñán L, Hervás-Marín D. Virtual Screening of Small Molecules Targeting BCL2 with Machine Learning, Molecular Docking, and MD Simulation. Biomolecules 2024; 14:544. [PMID: 38785951 PMCID: PMC11118195 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify potential BCL-2 small molecule inhibitors using deep neural networks (DNN) and random forest (RF), algorithms as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to screen a library of small molecules. The RF model classified 61% (2355/3867) of molecules as 'Active'. Further analysis through molecular docking with Vina identified CHEMBL3940231, CHEMBL3938023, and CHEMBL3947358 as top-scored small molecules with docking scores of -11, -10.9, and 10.8 kcal/mol, respectively. MD simulations validated these compounds' stability and binding affinity to the BCL2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abtin Tondar
- Department of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunication, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain;
- Stanford Deep Data Research Center, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Herrero
- Department of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunication, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Asim Kumar Bepari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University (NSU), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Amir Bahmani
- Stanford Deep Data Research Center, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Laura Calvet Liñán
- Telecommunications and Systems Engineering Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer Emprius, 2, 08202 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - David Hervás-Marín
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operational Research, and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 03801 Alcoy, Spain;
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3
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Wright T, Turnis ME, Grace CR, Li X, Brakefield LA, Wang YD, Xu H, Kaminska E, Climer LK, Mukiza TO, Chang CL, Moldoveanu T, Opferman JT. Anti-apoptotic MCL-1 promotes long-chain fatty acid oxidation through interaction with ACSL1. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1338-1353.e8. [PMID: 38503284 PMCID: PMC11017322 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
MCL-1 is essential for promoting the survival of many normal cell lineages and confers survival and chemoresistance in cancer. Beyond apoptosis regulation, MCL-1 has been linked to modulating mitochondrial metabolism, but the mechanism(s) by which it does so are unclear. Here, we show in tissues and cells that MCL-1 supports essential steps in long-chain (but not short-chain) fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) through its binding to specific long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases of the ACSL family. ACSL1 binds to the BH3-binding hydrophobic groove of MCL-1 through a non-conventional BH3-domain. Perturbation of this interaction, via genetic loss of Mcl1, mutagenesis, or use of selective BH3-mimetic MCL-1 inhibitors, represses long-chain FAO in cells and in mouse livers and hearts. Our findings reveal how anti-apoptotic MCL-1 facilitates mitochondrial metabolism and indicate that disruption of this function may be associated with unanticipated cardiac toxicities of MCL-1 inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen Wright
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meghan E Turnis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christy R Grace
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lauren A Brakefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ewa Kaminska
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Leslie K Climer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tresor O Mukiza
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chi-Lun Chang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tudor Moldoveanu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Joseph T Opferman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Schweighofer SV, Jans DC, Keller-Findeisen J, Folmeg A, Ilgen P, Bates M, Jakobs S. Endogenous BAX and BAK form mosaic rings of variable size and composition on apoptotic mitochondria. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:469-478. [PMID: 38503846 PMCID: PMC11043412 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
One hallmark of apoptosis is the oligomerization of BAX and BAK to form a pore in the mitochondrial outer membrane, which mediates the release of pro-apoptotic intermembrane space proteins into the cytosol. Cells overexpressing BAX or BAK fusion proteins are a powerful model system to study the dynamics and localization of these proteins in cells. However, it is unclear whether overexpressed BAX and BAK form the same ultrastructural assemblies following the same spatiotemporal hierarchy as endogenously expressed proteins. Combining live- and fixed-cell STED super-resolution microscopy, we show that overexpression of BAK results in novel BAK structures, which are virtually absent in non-overexpressing apoptotic cells. We further demonstrate that in wild type cells, BAK is recruited to apoptotic pores before BAX. Both proteins together form unordered, mosaic rings on apoptotic mitochondria in immortalized cell culture models as well as in human primary cells. In BAX- or BAK- single-knockout cells, the remaining protein is able to form rings independently. The heterogeneous nature of these rings in both wild type as well as single-knockout cells corroborates the toroidal apoptotic pore model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Schweighofer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy TNM, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel C Jans
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Keller-Findeisen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy TNM, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Folmeg
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ilgen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy TNM, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Institute for Nanophotonics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy TNM, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Nehlin JO. Senolytic and senomorphic interventions to defy senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 136:217-247. [PMID: 37437979 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells in the aging individual is associated with an increase in the occurrence of age-associated pathologies that contribute to poor health, frailty, and mortality. The number and type of senescent cells is viewed as a contributor to the body's senescence burden. Cellular models of senescence are based on induction of senescence in cultured cells in the laboratory. One type of senescence is triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction. There are several indications that mitochondria defects contribute to body aging. Senotherapeutics, targeting senescent cells, have been shown to induce their lysis by means of senolytics, or repress expression of their secretome, by means of senomorphics, senostatics or gerosuppressors. An outline of the mechanism of action of various senotherapeutics targeting mitochondria and senescence-associated mitochondria dysfunction will be here addressed. The combination of geroprotective interventions together with senotherapeutics will help to strengthen mitochondrial energy metabolism, biogenesis and turnover, and lengthen the mitochondria healthspan, minimizing one of several molecular pathways contributing to the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
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Overmeyer C, Jorgensen K, Vohra BPS. The Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (TOM40) is required for mitochondrial dynamics and neuronal integrity in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103853. [PMID: 37100265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms and altered expression of the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane - 40 kD (Tom40) are observed in neurodegenerative disease subjects. We utilized in vitro cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to investigate the association of TOM40 depletion to neurodegeneration, and to unravel the mechanism of neurodegeneration induced by decreased levels of TOM40 protein. We provide evidence that severity of neurodegeneration induced in the TOM40 depleted neurons increases with the increase in the depletion of TOM40 and is exacerbated by an increase in the duration of TOM40 depletion. We also demonstrate that TOM40 depletion causes a surge in neuronal calcium levels, decreases mitochondrial motility, increases mitochondrial fission, and decreases neuronal ATP levels. We observed that alterations in the neuronal calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics precede BCL-xl and NMNAT1 dependent neurodegenerative pathways in the TOM40 depleted neurons. This data also suggests that manipulation of BCL-xl and NMNAT1 may be of therapeutic value in TOM40 associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kylie Jorgensen
- Department of Biology, William Jewell College Liberty, MO 64068
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Moldoveanu T. Apoptotic mitochondrial poration by a growing list of pore-forming BCL-2 family proteins. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200221. [PMID: 36650950 PMCID: PMC9975053 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The pore-forming BCL-2 family proteins are effectors of mitochondrial poration in apoptosis initiation. Two atypical effectors-BOK and truncated BID (tBID)-join the canonical effectors BAK and BAX. Gene knockout revealed developmental phenotypes in the absence the effectors, supporting their roles in vivo. During apoptosis effectors are activated and change shape from dormant monomers to dynamic oligomers that associate with and permeabilize mitochondria. BID is activated by proteolysis, BOK accumulates on inhibition of its degradation by the E3 ligase gp78, while BAK and BAX undergo direct activation by BH3-only initiators, autoactivation, and crossactivation. Except tBID, effector oligomers on the mitochondria appear as arcs and rings in super-resolution microscopy images. The BH3-in-groove dimers of BAK and BAX, the tBID monomers, and uncharacterized BOK species are the putative building blocks of apoptotic pores. Effectors interact with lipids and bilayers but the mechanism of membrane poration remains elusive. I discuss effector-mediated mitochondrial poration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Moldoveanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences,Correspondence:
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8
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Zhang Y, Jin T, Dou Z, Wei B, Zhang B, Sun C. The dual role of the CD95 and CD95L signaling pathway in glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029737. [PMID: 36505426 PMCID: PMC9730406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of CD95, a cell surface death receptor, to its homologous ligand CD95L, transduces a cascade of downstream signals leading to apoptosis crucial for immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Although CD95 and CD95L binding classically induces programmed cell death, most tumor cells show resistance to CD95L-induced apoptosis. In some cancers, such as glioblastoma, CD95-CD95L binding can exhibit paradoxical functions that promote tumor growth by inducing inflammation, regulating immune cell homeostasis, and/or promoting cell survival, proliferation, migration, and maintenance of the stemness of cancer cells. In this review, potential mechanisms such as the expression of apoptotic inhibitor proteins, decreased activity of downstream elements, production of nonapoptotic soluble CD95L, and non-apoptotic signals that replace apoptotic signals in cancer cells are summarized. CD95L is also expressed by other types of cells, such as endothelial cells, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and tumor-associated microglia, and macrophages, which are educated by the tumor microenvironment and can induce apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which recognize and kill cancer cells. The dual role of the CD95-CD95L system makes targeted therapy strategies against CD95 or CD95L in glioblastoma difficult and controversial. In this review, we also discuss the current status and perspective of clinical trials on glioblastoma based on the CD95-CD95L signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taian Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boxing Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Buyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Buyi Zhang, ; Chongran Sun,
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Buyi Zhang, ; Chongran Sun,
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Tian M, Mao L, Zhang L. Crosstalk among N6-methyladenosine modification and RNAs in central nervous system injuries. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1013450. [PMID: 36246528 PMCID: PMC9556889 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1013450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke, are the most common cause of death and disability around the world. As the most common modification on ribonucleic acids (RNAs), N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has recently attracted great attentions due to its functions in determining the fate of RNAs through changes in splicing, translation, degradation and stability. A large number of studies have suggested that m6A modification played an important role in brain development and involved in many neurological disorders, particularly in CNS injuries. It has been proposed that m6A modification could improve neurological impairment, inhibit apoptosis, suppress inflammation, reduce pyroptosis and attenuate ferroptosis in CNS injuries via different molecules including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Therefore, m6A modification showed great promise as potential targets in CNS injuries. In this article, we present a review highlighting the role of m6A modification in CNS injuries. Hence, on the basis of these properties and effects, m6A modification may be developed as therapeutic agents for CNS injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang,
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