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Huang R, Chen H, Liang J, Li Y, Yang J, Luo C, Tang Y, Ding Y, Liu X, Yuan Q, Yu H, Ye Y, Xu W, Xie X. Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and their Application in Cancer Therapy. J Cancer 2021; 12:5543-5561. [PMID: 34405016 PMCID: PMC8364652 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in the initiation, development, suppression, and treatment of cancer. Excess ROS can induce nuclear DNA, leading to cancer initiation. Not only that, but ROS also inhibit T cells and natural killer cells and promote the recruitment and M2 polarization of macrophages; consequently, cancer cells escape immune surveillance and immune defense. Furthermore, ROS promote tumor invasion and metastasis by triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor cells. Interestingly, massive accumulation of ROS inhibits tumor growth in two ways: (1) by blocking cancer cell proliferation by suppressing the proliferation signaling pathway, cell cycle, and the biosynthesis of nucleotides and ATP and (2) by inducing cancer cell death via activating endoplasmic reticulum stress-, mitochondrial-, and P53- apoptotic pathways and the ferroptosis pathway. Unfortunately, cancer cells can adapt to ROS via a self-adaption system. This review highlighted the bidirectional regulation of ROS in cancer. The study further discussed the application of massively accumulated ROS in cancer treatment. Of note, the dual role of ROS in cancer and the self-adaptive ability of cancer cells should be taken into consideration for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiang Xie
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, The school of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
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Salazar-González JA, Ruiz-Cruz AA, Bustos-Jaimes I, Moreno-Fierros L. Expression of Breast Cancer-Related Epitopes Targeting the IGF-1 Receptor in Chimeric Human Parvovirus B19 Virus-Like Particles. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 61:742-753. [PMID: 31317318 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a worldwide health problem, and the complexity of the disease, as well as the lack of treatment specificity, generates an urgent need for developing prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Searching for novel epitope-based approaches able to induce tumour immunity, we designed virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from Human parvovirus B19 assembled of chimeric VP2 proteins displaying two epitopes from the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Here, we present the generation of two chimeric VP2s that retain the stability, solubility and conditions of purification and assembly of the native VP2. We generated versatile chimeric multiepitope anti-cancer vaccine candidates, which prevented and delayed tumour growth when used in a prophylactic scheme of 4 weekly immunizations prior to 4T1 cell inoculation in female BALB/c mice. The presence of specific antibodies against the displayed epitopes suggests their participation in the protective effect; in contrast, no significant proliferative T-cell responses were recorded following stimulation by specific epitopes. The results comprise an approach whereby fusing desired epitopes from cancer to the N-terminus of B19 VP2 protein can generate a library of chimeric VP2-desired epitopes for further assembly in a designed and personalized epitope delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Salazar-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico.
| | - Alail Antonio Ruiz-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ismael Bustos-Jaimes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U., 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Moreno-Fierros
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico.
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Gao C, McDowell IC, Zhao S, Brown CD, Engelhardt BE. Context Specific and Differential Gene Co-expression Networks via Bayesian Biclustering. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004791. [PMID: 27467526 PMCID: PMC4965098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying latent structure in high-dimensional genomic data is essential for exploring biological processes. Here, we consider recovering gene co-expression networks from gene expression data, where each network encodes relationships between genes that are co-regulated by shared biological mechanisms. To do this, we develop a Bayesian statistical model for biclustering to infer subsets of co-regulated genes that covary in all of the samples or in only a subset of the samples. Our biclustering method, BicMix, allows overcomplete representations of the data, computational tractability, and joint modeling of unknown confounders and biological signals. Compared with related biclustering methods, BicMix recovers latent structure with higher precision across diverse simulation scenarios as compared to state-of-the-art biclustering methods. Further, we develop a principled method to recover context specific gene co-expression networks from the estimated sparse biclustering matrices. We apply BicMix to breast cancer gene expression data and to gene expression data from a cardiovascular study cohort, and we recover gene co-expression networks that are differential across ER+ and ER- samples and across male and female samples. We apply BicMix to the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) pilot data, and we find tissue specific gene networks. We validate these findings by using our tissue specific networks to identify trans-eQTLs specific to one of four primary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ian C. McDowell
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shiwen Zhao
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Brown
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Barbara E. Engelhardt
- Department of Computer Science, Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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Ish-Shalom E, Meirow Y, Sade-Feldman M, Kanterman J, Wang L, Mizrahi O, Klieger Y, Baniyash M. Impaired SNX9 Expression in Immune Cells during Chronic Inflammation: Prognostic and Diagnostic Implications. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:156-67. [PMID: 26608909 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with immunosuppression and downregulated expression of the TCR CD247. In searching for new biomarkers that could validate the impaired host immune status under chronic inflammatory conditions, we discovered that sorting nexin 9 (SNX9), a protein that participates in early stages of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is downregulated as well under such conditions. SNX9 expression was affected earlier than CD247 by the generated harmful environment, suggesting that it is a potential marker sensing the generated immunosuppressive condition. We found that myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which are elevated in the course of chronic inflammation, are responsible for the observed SNX9 reduced expression. Moreover, SNX9 downregulation is reversible, as its expression levels return to normal and immune functions are restored when the inflammatory response and/or myeloid-derived suppressor cells are neutralized. SNX9 downregulation was detected in numerous mouse models for pathologies characterized by chronic inflammation such as chronic infection (Leishmania donovani), cancer (melanoma and colorectal carcinoma), and an autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis). Interestingly, reduced levels of SNX9 were also observed in blood samples from colorectal cancer patients, emphasizing the feasibility of its use as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker sensing the host's immune status and inflammatory stage. Our new discovery of SNX9 as being regulated by chronic inflammation and its association with immunosuppression, in addition to the CD247 regulation under such conditions, show the global impact of chronic inflammation and the generated immune environment on different cellular pathways in a diverse spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliran Ish-Shalom
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and ImProDia Ltd., Herzliya Pituah 46723, Israel
| | - Yaron Meirow
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and
| | - Julia Kanterman
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and
| | - Lynn Wang
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and
| | | | - Yair Klieger
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and ImProDia Ltd., Herzliya Pituah 46723, Israel
| | - Michal Baniyash
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; and
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Harada A, Ishigami S, Kijima Y, Nakajo A, Arigami T, Kurahara H, Kita Y, Yoshinaka H, Natsugoe S. Clinical implication of human leukocyte antigen (
HLA
)‐
F
expression in breast cancer. Pathol Int 2015; 65:569-74. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Harada
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery Kagoshima University School of Medicine Kagoshima Japan
| | - Sumiya Ishigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery Kagoshima University School of Medicine Kagoshima Japan
| | - Yuko Kijima
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery Kagoshima University School of Medicine Kagoshima Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakajo
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery Kagoshima University School of Medicine Kagoshima Japan
| | - Takaaki Arigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery Kagoshima University School of Medicine Kagoshima Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurahara
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery Kagoshima University School of Medicine Kagoshima Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery Kagoshima University School of Medicine Kagoshima Japan
| | - Heiji Yoshinaka
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery Kagoshima University School of Medicine Kagoshima Japan
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, and Breast and Thyroid Surgery Kagoshima University School of Medicine Kagoshima Japan
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Hamilton R, Krauze M, Romkes M, Omolo B, Konstantinopoulos P, Reinhart T, Harasymczuk M, Wang Y, Lin Y, Ferrone S, Whiteside T, Bortoluzzi S, Werley J, Nukui T, Fallert-Junecko B, Kondziolka D, Ibrahim J, Becker D, Kirkwood J, Moschos S. Pathologic and gene expression features of metastatic melanomas to the brain. Cancer 2013; 119:2737-46. [PMID: 23695963 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of metastatic melanomas to the brain (MBM) is variable with prolonged survival in a subset. It is unclear whether MBM differ from extracranial metastases (EcM) and primary melanomas (PrM). METHODS To study the biology of MBM, histopathologic analysis of tumor blocks from patients' craniotomy samples and whole-genome expression profiling (WGEP) with confirmatory immunohistochemistry were performed. RESULTS High mononuclear infiltrate and low intratumoral hemorrhage were associated with prolonged overall survival (OS). Pathway analysis of WGEP data from 29 such craniotomy tumor blocks demonstrated that several immune-related BioCarta gene sets were associated with prolonged OS. WGEP analysis of MBM in comparison with same-patient EcM and PrM showed that MBM and EcM were similar, but both differ significantly from PrM. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that peritumoral CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ cells were associated with prolonged OS. CONCLUSIONS MBMs are more similar to EcM compared with PrM. Immune infiltrate is a favorable prognostic factor for MBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kanterman J, Sade-Feldman M, Baniyash M. New insights into chronic inflammation-induced immunosuppression. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:307-18. [PMID: 22387003 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common factor linking various pathologies that differ in their etiology and physiology such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. At a certain stage of each of these diseases, while the chronic inflammation proceeds, some key players of the immune system become immunosuppressed as natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. The suppressive environment induced during chronic inflammation is governed by a complex processes characterized by the accumulation and activation of immune suppressor cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth and angiogenic factors, and by the activation of several inflammatory signaling pathways mediated predominantly by NFκB and STAT3 transcription factors. A substantial body of evidence supports the notion that the development of a suppressive environment during chronic inflammation limits the success of immune-based and conventional therapies, skewing the balance in favor of a developing pathology. Thus, appropriate, well-designed and fine tuned immune interventions that could resolve inflammatory responses and associated immunosuppression could enhance disease regression and reinforce successful responses to a given therapy. This review describes the interrelationship between chronic inflammation and induced immunosuppression, and explains the current evidence linking inflammation and pathological processes, as found in cancer. We further highlight potential strategies, harnessing the immunosuppressive environment in treating autoimmune diseases and facilitating transplantation. In parallel, we emphasize the use of modalities to combat chronic inflammation-induced immunosuppression in cancer, to enhance the success of immune-based therapies leading to tumor regression. In both cases, the urgent necessity of identifying biomarkers for the evaluation of host immune status is discussed, with the goal of developing optimal personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kanterman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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