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Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Maity S, Kasinath BS, Choudhury GG. Oncoprotein DJ-1 interacts with mTOR complexes to effect transcription factor Hif1α-dependent expression of collagen I (α2) during renal fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102246. [PMID: 35835217 PMCID: PMC9399488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells respond to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) to synthesize collagen I (α2) during renal fibrosis. The oncoprotein DJ-1 has previously been shown to promote tumorigenesis and prevent apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons; however, its role in fibrosis signaling is unclear. Here, we show TGFβ-stimulation increased expression of DJ-1, which promoted noncanonical mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities. We show DJ-1 augmented the phosphorylation/activation of PKCβII, a direct substrate of mTORC2. In addition, coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed association of DJ-1 with Raptor and Rictor, exclusive subunits of mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively, as well as with mTOR kinase. Interestingly, siRNAs against DJ-1 blocked TGFβ-stimulated expression of collagen I (α2), while expression of DJ-1 increased expression of this protein. In addition, expression of dominant negative PKCβII and siRNAs against PKCβII significantly inhibited TGFβ-induced collagen I (α2) expression. In fact, constitutively active PKCβII abrogated the effect of siRNAs against DJ-1, suggesting a role of PKCβII downstream of this oncoprotein. Moreover, we demonstrate expression of collagen I (α2) stimulated by DJ-1 and its target PKCβII is dependent on the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α). Finally, we show in the renal cortex of diabetic rats that increased TGFβ was associated with enhanced expression of DJ-1 and activation of mTOR and PKCβII, concomitant with increased Hif1α and collagen I (α2). Overall, we identified that DJ-1 affects TGFβ-induced expression of collagen I (α2) via an mTOR-, PKCβII-, and Hif1α-dependent mechanism to regulate renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Das
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Soumya Maity
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Texas; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.
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2
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Li X, Zou T, Wang S, Wu H, Wu M, Liu Z, Liu H. Mechanism and restoration strategy of lysosomal abnormalities induced by urinary protein overload in proximal tubule epithelial cells. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:943-954. [PMID: 33410225 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent elevated concentrations of urinary protein can destroy proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) by inducing lysosomal abnormalities, thereby aggravating PTEC damage and renal fibrosis. However, the specific mechanisms of these serial biochemical events and methods for treating or preventing PTEC damage upon proteinuria need further investigation. RESULTS In this study, electron microscopy and dual-labeled immunofluorescence analysis for identifying lysosome type revealed inadequate primary lysosome biogenesis and secondary lysosome accumulation in the PTECs of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome or membranous nephropathy who suffered from proteinuria. In vitro studies on HK-2 cells indicated that this abnormality was associated with decreased expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB). In contrast, TFEB overexpressing HK-2 cells under urinary protein overload exhibited significantly reduced accumulation of secondary lysosomes and increased proportion and quantity of primary lysosomes as indicated by dual-labeled immunofluorescence. Further, these cells could upregulate lysosomal degradation functions, as determined using Cathepsin L activity assays and flow cytometry for dye quenched-albumin. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that abnormal TFEB expression is a key mechanism of lysosomal dyshomeostasis caused by protein overload in PTECs. TFEB is thus a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of urinary protein-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongluan Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejian Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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3
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Deng JK, Zhang X, Wu HL, Gan Y, Ye L, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Liu WJ, Liu HF. ROS-ERK Pathway as Dual Mediators of Cellular Injury and Autophagy-Associated Adaptive Response in Urinary Protein-Irritated Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:6614848. [PMID: 33748286 PMCID: PMC7943278 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK, an extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, is involved in various biological responses, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, cell morphology maintenance, cytoskeletal construction, apoptosis, and canceration of cells. In this study, we focused on ERK pathway on cellular injury and autophagy-associated adaptive response in urinary protein-irritated renal tubular epithelial cells and explored the potential mechanisms underlying it. By using antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and catalase, we found that ERK pathway was activated by a reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) dependent mechanism after exposure to urinary proteins. What is more, ERK inhibitor U0126 could decrease the release of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and the number of apoptotic cells induced by urinary proteins, indicating the damaging effects of ERK pathway in mediating cellular injury and apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Interestingly, we also found that the increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II (a key marker of autophagy) and the decreased expression of p62 (autophagic substrate) induced by urinary proteins were reversed by U0126, suggesting autophagy was activated by ERK pathway. Furthermore, rapamycin reduced urinary protein-induced NGAL and KIM-1 secretion and cell growth inhibition, while chloroquine played the opposite effect, indicating that autophagy activation by ERK pathway was an adaptive response in the exposure to urinary proteins. Taken together, our results indicate that activated ROS-ERK pathway can induce cellular injury and in the meantime provide an autophagy-associated adaptive response in urinary protein-irritated renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-kun Deng
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hong-luan Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zebing Zhu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hua-feng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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4
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Medina-Navarro R, Torres-Ramos YD, Guzmán-Grenfell AM, Díaz-Flores M, León-Reyes G, Hicks G JJ. Lysosomal dysfunction induced by changes in albumin's tertiary structure: Potential key factor in protein toxicity during diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2019; 230:197-207. [PMID: 31150688 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Increased amounts of protein, in particular albumin within renal tubular cells (TBCs), induce the expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators, which are adverse prognostic factors in tubulointerstitial fibrosis and diabetic nephropathy (DN). We sought to assess the participation of the thiol-linked tertiary structure of albumin in the mechanism of protein toxicity in a model of TBCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured human renal proximal tubular cells, HK-2, were exposed to isolated albumin from patients with and without DN (Stages 0, 1 and 4). The magnitude of change of the albumin tertiary structure, cell viability (LDH leakage), apoptosis (Annexin V), transdifferentiation and reticulum endoplasmic stress (Western blot and flow cytometry) and lysosomal enzyme activity were assessed. KEY FINDINGS We found that albumin from Stage 4 patients presented >50% higher thiol-dependent changes of tertiary structure compared to Stages 0 and 1. Cells incubated with Stage 4 albumin displayed 5 times less viability, accompanied by an increased number of apoptotic cells; evidence of profibrogenic markers E-cadherin and vimentin and higher expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers α-SMA and E-cadherin and of endoplasmic reticulum stress protein GRP78 were likewise observed. Moreover, we found that cathepsin B activity in isolated lysosomes showed a significant inhibitory effect on albumin from patients in advanced stages of DN and on albumin that was intentionally modified. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, this study showed that thiol-dependent changes in albumin's tertiary structure interfere with the lysosomal proteolysis of renal TBCs, inducing molecular changes associated with interstitial fibrosis and DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Medina-Navarro
- Department of Experimental Metabolism, Center for Biomedical Research, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Yessica Dorin Torres-Ramos
- Department of Immuno-Biochemistry, National Institute of Perinatology, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita Díaz-Flores
- Biochemistry Medical Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Department of Immuno-Biochemistry, National Institute of Perinatology, Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan José Hicks G
- Health Research Policies, Coordinating Commission of National Health Institutes and Highly Specialized Hospitals, Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Gao Z, Zhu W, Zhang H, Li Z, Cui T. The influence of fasudil on renal proximal tubular cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by parathormone. Ren Fail 2018; 39:575-581. [PMID: 28741985 PMCID: PMC6446168 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2017.1349677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is a common pathway through which a variety of chronic kidney diseases progress to end-stage renal disease. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal proximal tubular cells is one of the most important factors in renal fibrosis. This study investigates if fasudil could influence EMT of renal proximal tubular cells. METHODS HK-2 cells in passage 3-4 were used for all experiments. The cells were divided into five groups and treated with different concentrations of PTH and then observe cellular morphological changes at 0, 24 and 48 h using an inverted microscope and investigate the expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and the renal fibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). RESULTS PTH significantly induced EMT, fasudil-inhibited EMT induced by PTH to different degrees, and the inhibitory effect of fasudil was most pronounced at 20 μmol/L. CONCLUSION Monitoring PTH levels, early prevention and control of hyperparathyroidism and reducing the concentration of PTH are important means to improve prognosis and delay the progression of chronic kidney disease. Fasudil can restrain EMT induced by PTH; this conclusion provides experimental data for the application of fasudil in the clinical prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Gao
- a Department of Ultrasound , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- b Department of Nephrology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- b Department of Nephrology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Zhonghe Li
- b Department of Nephrology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
| | - Tongxia Cui
- b Department of Nephrology , the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai , China
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6
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Lee CJ, Hsu LS, Yue CH, Lin H, Chiu YW, Lin YY, Huang CY, Hung MC, Liu JY. MZF-1/Elk-1 interaction domain as therapeutic target for protein kinase Cα-based triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59845-59859. [PMID: 27542222 PMCID: PMC5312353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports demonstrate that the expression of protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) correlates with decreased survival outcomes. However, off-target effects of targeting PKCα and limited understanding of the signaling mechanisms upstream of PKCα have hampered previous efforts to manipulate this ubiquitous gene. This study shows that the expression of both myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF-1) and Ets-like protein-1 (Elk-1) correlates with PKCα expression in TNBC. We found that the acidic domain of MZF-1 and the heparin-binding domain of Elk-1 facilitate the heterodimeric interaction between the two genes before the complex formation binds to the PKCα promoter. Blocking the formation of the heterodimer by transfection of MZF-160-72 or Elk-1145-157 peptide fragments at the MZF-1 / Elk-1 interface decreases DNA-binding activity of the MZF-1 / Elk-1 complex at the PKCα promoter. Subsequently, PKCα expression, migration, tumorigenicity, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition potential of TNBC cells decrease. These subsequent effects are reversed by transfection with full-length PKCα, confirming that the MZF-1/Elk-1 heterodimer is a mediator of PKCα in TNBC cells. These data suggest that the next therapeutic strategy in treating PKCα-related cancer will be developed from blocking MZF-1/Elk-1 interaction through their binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jen Lee
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Herng Yue
- Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Chiu
- Emergency Department and Center of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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7
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Ye JC, Hsu LS, Tsai JH, Yang HL, Hsiao MW, Hwang JM, Lee CJ, Liu JY. MZF-1/Elk-1/PKCα is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:3028-3036. [PMID: 28928894 PMCID: PMC5604454 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is a key signaling molecule in human cancer development. As a therapeutic strategy, targeting PKCα is difficult because the molecule is ubiquitously expressed in non-malignant cells. PKCα is regulated by the cooperative interaction of the transcription factors myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF-1) and Ets-like protein-1 (Elk-1) in human cancer cells. Methods: By conducting tissue array analysis, herein, we determined the protein expression of MZF-1/Elk-1/PKCα in various cancers. Results: The data show that the expression of MZF-1/Elk-1 is correlated with that of PKCα in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not in bladder and lung cancers. In addition, the PKCα down-regulation by shRNA Elk-1 was only observed in the HCC SK-Hep-1 cells. Blocking the interaction between MZF-1 and Elk-1 through the transfection of their binding domain MZF-160-72 decreased PKCα expression. This step ultimately depressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition potential of the HCC cells. Conclusion: These findings could be used to develop an alternative therapeutic strategy against patients with the PKCα-derived HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Chiuan Ye
- Bachelor Program of Senior Services, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical College, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsiang Tsai
- Department Physical Therapy, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meen-Woon Hsiao
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ming Hwang
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Bai C, Liang S, Wang Y, Jiao B. Knocking down TCF8 inhibits high glucose- and angiotensin II-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in podocytes. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:77-84. [PMID: 28111379 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological phenomenon in mammalian embryogenesis by which epithelial cells become mesenchymal stem cells. Studies have indicated that an inappropriate EMT plays a key role in a variety of pathogenic processes such as embryonic development and tumor metastasis. Moreover, recent studies have indicated EMT also plays an important role in renal fibrosis. In the current study, glucose and angiotensin II promoted EMT in podocytes as well as changes in the cellular morphology of podocytes. A high concentration of glucose and angiotensin II also promoted podocyte movement and migration. Moreover, a high concentration of glucose and angiotensin II promoted TCF8 expression. Inhibiting TCF8 expression with siRNA reversed EMT in podocytes in the presence of a high concentration of glucose and angiotensin. Inhibiting TCF8 expression also reversed changes in cellular morphology and podocyte movement and migration. Therefore, glucose and angiotensin II may promote EMT in podocytes via TCF8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhuan Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
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9
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Merzoug-Larabi M, Spasojevic C, Eymard M, Hugonin C, Auclair C, Karam M. Protein kinase C inhibitor Gö6976 but not Gö6983 induces the reversion of E- to N-cadherin switch and metastatic phenotype in melanoma: identification of the role of protein kinase D1. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:12. [PMID: 28056869 PMCID: PMC5217271 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-3007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a highly metastatic type of cancer that is resistant to all standard anticancer therapies and thus has a poor prognosis. Therefore, metastatic melanoma represents a significant clinical problem and requires novel and effective targeted therapies. The protein kinase C (PKC) family comprises multiple isoforms of serine/threonine kinases that possess distinct roles in cancer development and progression. In this study, we determined whether inhibition of PKC could revert a major process required for melanoma progression and metastasis; i.e. the E- to N-cadherin switch. Methods The cadherin switch was analyzed in different patient-derived primary tumors and their respective metastatic melanoma cells to determine the appropriate cellular model (aggressive E-cadherin-negative/N-cadherin-positive metastasis-derived melanoma cells). Next, PKC inhibition in two selected metastatic melanoma cell lines, was performed by using either pharmacological inhibitors (Gö6976 and Gö6983) or stable lentiviral shRNA transduction. The expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin was determined by western blot. The consequences of cadherin switch reversion were analyzed: cell morphology, intercellular interactions, and β-catenin subcellular localization were analyzed by immunofluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy; cyclin D1 expression was analyzed by western blot; cell metastatic potential was determined by anchorage-independent growth assay using methylcellulose as semi-solid medium and cell migration potential by wound healing and transwell assays. Results Gö6976 but not Gö6983 reversed the E- to N-cadherin switch and as a consequence induced intercellular interactions, profound morphological changes from elongated mesenchymal-like to cuboidal epithelial-like shape, β-catenin translocation from the nucleus to the plasma membrane inhibiting its oncogenic function, and reverting the metastatic potential of the aggressive melanoma cells. Comparison of the target spectrum of these inhibitors indicated that these observations were not the consequence of the inhibition of conventional PKCs (cPKCs), but allowed the identification of a novel serine/threonine kinase, i.e. protein kinase Cμ, also known as protein kinase D1 (PKD1), whose specific inhibition allows the reversion of the metastatic phenotype in aggressive melanoma. Conclusion In conclusion, our study suggests, for the first time, that while cPKCs don’t embody a pertinent therapeutic target, inhibition of PKD1 represents a novel attractive approach for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-3007-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Spasojevic
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France.,Département de Génétique, Institut Curie, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Paris, 75248, France
| | - Marianne Eymard
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France
| | - Caroline Hugonin
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France
| | - Christian Auclair
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France
| | - Manale Karam
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France. .,Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 5825, Qatar.
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10
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Protein kinase C α inhibition prevents peritoneal damage in a mouse model of chronic peritoneal exposure to high-glucose dialysate. Kidney Int 2016; 89:1253-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Cárdenas A, Campos J, Ehrenfeld P, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Figueroa CD, Ardiles L. Up-regulation of the kinin B2 receptor pathway modulates the TGF-β/Smad signaling cascade to reduce renal fibrosis induced by albumin. Peptides 2015; 73:7-19. [PMID: 26256678 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of high protein levels in the glomerular filtrate plays an important role in renal fibrosis, a disorder that justifies the use of animal models of experimental proteinuria. Such models have proved useful as tools in the study of the pathogenesis of chronic, progressive renal disease. Since bradykinin and the kinin B2 receptor (B2R) belong to a renoprotective system with mechanisms still unclarified, we investigated its anti-fibrotic role in the in vivo rat model of overload proteinuria. Upon up-regulating the kinin system by a high potassium diet we observed reduction of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, decreased renal expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin, reduced Smad3 phosphorylation and increase of Smad7. These cellular and molecular effects were reversed by HOE-140, a specific B2R antagonist. In vitro experiments, performed on a cell line of proximal tubular epithelial cells, showed that high concentrations of albumin induced expression of mesenchymal biomarkers, in concomitance with increases in TGF-β1 mRNA and its functionally active peptide, TGF-β1. Stimulation of the tubule cells by bradykinin inhibited the albumin-induced changes, namely α-SMA and vimentin were reduced, and cytokeratin recovered together with increase in Smad7 levels and decrease in type II TGF-β1 receptor, TGF-β1 mRNA and its active fragment. The protective changes produced by bradykinin in vitro were blocked by HOE-140. The development of stable bradykinin analogues and/or up-regulation of the B2R signaling pathway may prove value in the management of chronic renal fibrosis in progressive proteinuric renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areli Cárdenas
- Department of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javiera Campos
- Department of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Department of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos D Figueroa
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Leopoldo Ardiles
- Department of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Abuyassin B, Sharma K, Ayas NT, Laher I. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Kidney Disease: A Potential Bidirectional Relationship? J Clin Sleep Med 2015; 11:915-24. [PMID: 25845900 PMCID: PMC4513269 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high mortality rates and heavy economic and social burdens. Nearly 10% of the United States population suffer from CKD, with fatal outcomes increased by 16-40 times even before reaching end-stage renal disease. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is between 3% and 7% in the general population, and has increased dramatically during the last 2 decades along with increased rates of obesity. However, the prevalence of OSA is much greater in patients with CKD. In addition, aggressive dialysis improves OSA. The current literature suggests a bidirectional association between CKD and OSA through a number of potential pathological mechanisms, which increase the possibility of both diseases being possible risk factors for each other. CKD may lead to OSA through a variety of mechanisms, including alterations in chemoreflex responsiveness, pharyngeal narrowing due to fluid overload, and accumulation of uremic toxins. It is also being increasingly recognized that OSA can also accelerate loss of kidney function. Moreover, animals exposed to intermittent hypoxia suffer histopathological renal damage. Potential mechanisms of OSA-associated renal dysfunction include renal hypoxia, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisher Abuyassin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Metabolomic Medicine and Center for Renal Translational Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Najib T. Ayas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Liu WJ, Xu BH, Ye L, Liang D, Wu HL, Zheng YY, Deng JK, Li B, Liu HF. Urinary proteins induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization and lysosomal dysfunction in renal tubular epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F639-49. [PMID: 25587119 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00383.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) has been shown to cause the release of cathepsins and other hydrolases from the lysosomal lumen to the cytosol and initiate a cell death pathway. Whether proteinuria triggers LMP in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) to accelerate the progression of renal tubulointerstitial injury remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated TEC injury as well as changes in lysosomal number, volume, activity, and membrane integrity after urinary protein overload in vivo and in vitro. Our results revealed that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 levels were significantly increased in the urine of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and the culture supernatant of HK-2 cells treated by urinary proteins extracted from MCNS patients. Urinary protein overload also induced apoptotic cell death in HK-2 cells. Importantly, we found that lysosomal volume and number were markedly increased in TECs of patients with MCNS and HK-2 cells overloaded with urinary proteins. However, lysosome function, as assessed by proteolytic degradation of DQ-ovalbumin and cathepsin-B and cathepsin-L activities, was decreased in HK-2 cells overloaded with urinary proteins. Furthermore, urinary protein overload led to a diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining pattern of cathepsin-B and irregular immunostaining of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1, accompanying a reduction in intracellular acidic components, which could be improved by pretreatment with antioxidant. Taken together, our results indicate that overloading of urinary proteins caused LMP and lysosomal dysfunction at least partly via oxidative stress in TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bi-Hua Xu
- Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hong-Luan Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jian Kun Deng
- Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Benyi Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua-feng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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14
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Zhou TB, Ou C, Qin YH, Lei FY, Huang WF, Drummen GPC. LIM homeobox transcription factor 1B expression affects renal interstitial fibrosis and apoptosis in unilateral ureteral obstructed rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F1477-88. [PMID: 24785190 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00600.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LIM homeobox transcription factor 1B (LMX1B) is a transcription factor of the LIM homeodomain type and has been implicated in the development of diverse structures such as limbs, kidneys, eyes, and the brain. Furthermore, LMX1B has been implicated in nail-patella syndrome, which is predominantly characterized by malformation of limbs and nails, and in 30% of patients, nephropathy, including renal fibrosis, is observed. Since no reports were available that studied the link between LMX1B expression and renal interstitial fibrosis, we explored if LMX1B affects typical markers of fibrosis, e.g., extracellular matrix components, profibrotic factors, and apoptosis as the final detrimental consequence. We recently showed that LMX1B acts as a negative regulator of transforming growth factor-βl, collagen type III, fibronectin, cleaved caspase-3, and the cell apoptosis rate in a renal tubular epithelial cell system under hypoxic conditions. Here, we confirmed these results in unilateral ureteral obstructed rats. Furthermore, LMX1B was distinctly expressed throughout the glomerulus and tubule lining, including epithelial cells. Knockdown of LMX1B aggravated the expression of fibrosis markers, oxidative stress, and apoptosis compared with the already increased levels due to unilateral ureteral obstruction, whereas overexpression attenuated these effects. In conclusion, reduced LMX1B levels clearly represent a risk factor for renal fibrosis, whereas overexpression affords some level of protection. In general, LMX1B may be considered to be a negative regulator of the fibrosis index, transforming growth factor-βl, collagen type III, fibronectin, cleaved caspase-3, cell apoptosis, ROS, and malondialdehyde ( r = −0.756, −0.698, −0.921, −0.923, −0.843, −0.794, −0.883, and −0.825, all P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, NanNing, China
| | - Yuan-Han Qin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing, China; and
| | - Feng-Ying Lei
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing, China; and
| | - Wei-Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing, China; and
| | - Gregor P. C. Drummen
- Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bionanoscience and Bio-Imaging Program, Bio&Nano-Solutions, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Liu WJ, Luo MN, Tan J, Chen W, Huang LZ, Yang C, Pan Q, Li B, Liu HF. Autophagy activation reduces renal tubular injury induced by urinary proteins. Autophagy 2013; 10:243-56. [PMID: 24345797 PMCID: PMC5396082 DOI: 10.4161/auto.27004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is shown to be beneficial for renal tubular injury caused by nephrotoxic drugs. To investigate whether autophagy could protect renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) from injury induced by urinary proteins, we studied the activity and action of autophagy in TECs after urinary protein overload in vivo and in vitro. We found that autophagic vacuoles increased in TECs from patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and rat models with severe proteinuria induced by cationic BSA. In HK-2 cells, exposure to urinary proteins extracted from patients with MCNS led to a significant increase in autophagosome and autolysosome formation and decrease in SQSTM1/p62 protein level. Urinary protein addition also induced lysosomal turnover of LC3-II and perinuclear clustering of lysosomes. These changes were mediated by a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, pretreatment of HK-2 cells with rapamycin reduced the production of LCN2/NGAL and HAVCR1/KIM-1 and the level of apoptosis induced by urinary proteins. In contrast, blocking autophagy with chloroquine or BECN1 siRNAs exerted an opposite effect. Similar results were also observed in animal models with proteinuria after treatments with rapamycin and chloroquine. Taken together, our results indicated an increase in autophagic flux, which mounts an adaptive response in TECs after urinary protein overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing Liu
- Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mian-Na Luo
- Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lei-zhao Huang
- Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang, China
| | - Benyi Li
- Department of Urology; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Hua-feng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang, China
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16
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Zhou M, Ma H, Lin H, Qin J. Induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in proximal tubular epithelial cells on microfluidic devices. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1390-401. [PMID: 24239111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In proteinuric nephropathy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism that causes renal interstitial fibrosis. The precise role of EMT in the pathogenesis of fibrosis remains controversial, partly due to the absence of suitable in vitro or in vivo models. We developed two microfluidic and compartmental chips that reproduced the fluidic and three-dimensional microenvironment of proximal tubular epithelial cells in vivo. Using one microfluidic device, we stimulated epithelial cells with a flow of healthy human serum, heat-inactivated serum and complement C3a, which mimicked the flow of urine within the proximal tubule. We observed that epithelial cells exposed to serum proteins became apoptotic or developed a mesenchymal phenotype. Incubating cells with C3a induced similar features. However, cells exposed to heat-inactivated serum did not adopt the mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore, we successfully recorded the cellular morphological changes and the process of transmigration into basement membrane extract during EMT in real-time using another three-dimensional microdevice. In conclusion, we have established a cell-culture system that mimics the native microenvironment of the proximal tubule to a certain extent. Our data indicates that EMT did occur in epithelial cells that were exposed to serum proteins, and C3a plays an essential role in this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Huipeng Ma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, No. 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian 116023, China; College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hongli Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, No. 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian 116023, China.
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17
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Zhou TB, Zeng ZY, Qin YH, Zhao YJ. Less expression of prohibitin is associated with increased paired box 2 (PAX2) in renal interstitial fibrosis rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:9808-9825. [PMID: 22949832 PMCID: PMC3431830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13089808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB) and paired box 2 (PAX2) are associated with the development of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). This study was performed to investigate whether or not the PHB could regulate the PAX2 gene expression in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats. Eighty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham operation group (SHO) and model group subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (GU), n = 40, respectively. The model was established by left ureteral ligation. Renal tissues were collected at 14-day and 28-day after surgery. RIF index, protein expression of PHB, PAX2, transforming growth factor-βl (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-IV (Col-IV), fibronectin (FN) or cleaved Caspase-3, and cell apoptosis index in renal interstitium, and mRNA expressions of PHB, PAX2 and TGF-β1 in renal tissue were detected. When compared with those in SHO group, expression of PHB (mRNA and protein) was significantly reduced, and expressions of PAX2 and TGF-β1 (protein and mRNA) were markedly increased in the GU group (each p < 0.01). Protein expressions of α-SMA, Col-IV, FN and cleaved Caspase-3, and RIF index or cell apoptosis index in the GU group were markedly increased when compared with those in the SHO group (each p < 0.01). The protein expression of PHB was negatively correlated with protein expression of PAX2, TGF-β1, α-SMA, Col-IV, FN or cleaved Caspase-3, and RIF index or cell apoptosis index (all p < 0.01). In conclusion, less expression of PHB is associated with increased PAX2 gene expression and RIF index in UUO rats, suggesting that increasing the PHB expression is a potential therapeutic target for prevention of RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (T.-B.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Yu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology/Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yuan-Han Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (T.-B.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-771-5320-809; Fax: +86-771-2687-191
| | - Yan-Jun Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (T.-B.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.)
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18
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Zhou TB, Qin YH, Zhou C, Lei FY, Zhao YJ, Chen J, Su LN, Huang WF. Less expression of prohibitin is associated with increased caspase-3 expression and cell apoptosis in renal interstitial fibrosis rats. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012; 17:189-96. [PMID: 21914039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prohibitin (PHB), a ubiquitous protein, is involved in a variety of molecular functions. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a hallmark of common progressive chronic diseases that lead to renal failure. This study was performed to investigate whether PHB was associated with caspase-3 expression/cell apoptosis in RIF rats. METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham operation group (SHO) and model group subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (GU), n = 12, respectively. The model was established by left ureteral ligation. Renal tissues were collected at 14 days and 28 days after surgery. RIF index, cell apoptosis index, protein expression of PHB, transforming growth factor-βl (TGF-β1), collagen-IV (Col-IV), fibronectin (FN) or caspase-3 in renal interstitium, and mRNA expression of PHB in renal tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with that in the SHO group, the PHB expression (mRNA and protein) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Protein expressions of TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN and caspase-3, and RIF index or cell apoptosis index in GU group were markedly elevated compared with those in SHO group (all P < 0.01). The protein expression of PHB had a negative correlation with the protein expression of TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN or caspase-3, and RIF index or cell apoptosis index (each P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Less expression of PHB is associated with increased caspase-3 expression/cell apoptosis in RIF rats. However, further research is needed to determine the effect of PHB on caspase-3 expression/cell apoptosis and to determine the potential of PHB as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing, China
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tubulointerstitial injury in the kidney is complex, involving a number of independent and overlapping cellular and molecular pathways, with renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) as the final common pathway. Furthermore, there are multiple ways to assess IFTA. RECENT FINDINGS Cells involved include tubular epithelial cells, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, myofibroblasts, monocyte/macrophages, and mast cells with complex and still incompletely characterized cell-molecular interactions. Molecular mediators involved are numerous and involve pathways such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, bone morphogenic protein (BMP), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Recent genomic approaches have shed insight into some of these cellular and molecular pathways. Pathologic evaluation of IFTA is central in assessing the severity of chronic disease; however, there are a variety of methods used to assess IFTA. Most assessment of IFTA relies on pathologist assessment of special stains such as trichrome, Sirius Red, and collagen III immunohistochemistry. Visual pathologist assessment can be prone to intra and interobserver variability, but some methods employ computerized morphometery, without a clear consensus as to the best method. SUMMARY IFTA results from on orchestration of cell types and molecular pathways. Opinions vary on the optimal qualitative and quantitative assessment of IFTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alton B Farris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Xiao L, Ge Y, Sun L, Xu X, Xie P, Zhan M, Wang M, Dong Z, Li J, Duan S, Liu F, Xiao P. Cordycepin inhibits albumin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells by reducing reactive oxygen species production. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:174-83. [PMID: 22149621 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.647688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Albumin induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway plays an important role in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Cordycepin (3 -deoxyadenosine), a potential antioxidant, was demonstrated to have various pharmacological effects and could inhibit EMT of some cells. However, the role of cordycepin on albumin-induced EMT in renal tubular cells (HK2) is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of cordycepin on albumin-induced EMT of HK2 cells and its mechanisms. HK-2 cells were exposed to bovine serum albumin with or without pretreatment with cordycepin. Results showed that albumin significantly induced EMT formation of HK-2 which associated with NADPH oxidase activation and intracellular ROS overproduction through increased Rac1 activity and expression of NOX4, p22phox and p47phox, while these effects were abolished in that pretreated with cordycepin. In conclusion, cordycepin could ameliorate albumin-induced EMT of HK2 cells by decreasing NADPH oxidase activity and inhibiting ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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21
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Zhou TB, Qin YH, Lei FY, Zhao YJ, Huang WF. Association of PAX2 with cell apoptosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats. Ren Fail 2012; 34:194-202. [PMID: 22229793 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.643364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is the final common pathway for chronic kidney disease. Cell apoptosis is a critical detrimental event that leads to renal fibrosis. Paired box 2 (PAX2) plays a major role in the development of the kidney. This study was performed to investigate whether PAX2 was associated with cell apoptosis in the progression of RIF in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. Eighty Wistar male rats were divided into two groups randomly: sham operation group (SHO) and model group subjected to UUO (GU), n = 40, respectively. The model was established by left ureteral ligation. Renal tissues were collected 14 and 28 days after surgery. Protein expressions of PAX2, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-IV (Col-IV), fibronectin (FN), and caspase-3 were detected using immunohistochemical analysis; mRNA expression of PAX2 in renal tissue was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; and RIF index and cell apoptosis index in renal interstitium were also calculated. When compared with those in the SHO group, expressions of PAX2 (protein and mRNA) were markedly increased in the GU group (each p < 0.01). Protein expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Col-IV, FN, and caspase-3 and RIF index and cell apoptosis index in the GU group were remarkably increased when compared with those in the SHO group (each p < 0.01). The protein expression of PAX2 was positively correlated with the protein expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Col-IV, FN, and caspase-3 and with RIF index and cell apoptosis index (all p < 0.01). The apoptotic cell in our observation was mainly derived from renal tubular epithelial cells. In conclusion, the increased expression of PAX2 is associated with cell apoptosis in the progression of RIF in UUO rats, suggesting that PAX2 is a potentially therapeutic target for prevention of RIF. Tian-Biao Zhou and Yuan-Han Qin wish it to be known that, in their opinion, they should be regarded as joint first authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nanning, China
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