1
|
Cai J, Chen X, Liu X, Li Z, Shi A, Tang X, Xia P, Zhang J, Yu P. AMPK: The key to ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4079-4096. [PMID: 36134582 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to a syndrome in which tissue damage is further aggravated and organ function further deteriorates when blood flow is restored after a period of tissue ischemia. Acute myocardial infarction, stress ulcer, pancreatitis, intestinal ischemia, intermittent claudication, acute tubular necrosis, postshock liver failure, and multisystem organ failure are all related to reperfusion injury. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified in multiple catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways. The functions of AMPK during health and diseases are intriguing but still need further research. Except for its conventional roles as an intracellular energy switch, emerging evidence reveals the critical role of AMPK in IRI as an energy-sensing signal molecule by regulating metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other progressions. At the same time, drugs based on AMPK for the treatment of IRI are constantly being researched and applied in clinics. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the effects of AMPK in IRI and describe the AMPK-targeting drugs in treatment, hoping to increase the understanding of AMPK in IRI and provide new insights into future clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ao Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fenofibrate Ameliorates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice: Involvements of Apoptosis, Autophagy, and PPAR- α Activation. PPAR Res 2021; 2021:6658944. [PMID: 33603777 PMCID: PMC7870311 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6658944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury is characterized by hepatocyte apoptosis, impaired autophagy, and oxidative stress. Fenofibrate, a commonly used antilipidemic drug, has been verified to exert hepatic protective effects in other cells and animal models. The purpose of this study was to identify the function of fenofibrate on mouse hepatic IR injury and discuss the possible mechanisms. A segmental (70%) hepatic warm ischemia model was established in Balb/c mice. Serum and liver tissue samples were collected for detecting pathological changes at 2, 8, and 24 h after reperfusion, while fenofibrate (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour prior to surgery. Compared to the IR group, pretreatment of FF could reduce the inflammatory response and inhibit apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, fenofibrate can activate PPAR-α, which is associated with the phosphorylation of AMPK.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Q, Liu W, Liu G, Li P, Guo X, Zhang C. AMPK-mTOR-ULK1-mediated autophagy protects carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic failure by inhibiting p21 in rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:73-82. [PMID: 33627946 PMCID: PMC7890163 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal-dependent degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells. Recent
studies have reported that autophagy can facilitate the activation of hepatic stellate
cells (HSCs) and fibrogenesis of the liver during long-term carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4) exposure. However, little is known about the role of autophagy in
CCl4-induced acute hepatic failure (AHF). This study aimed to identify
whether modulation of autophagy can affect CCl4-induced AHF and evaluate the
upstream signaling pathways mediated by CCl4-induced autophagy in rats. The
accumulation of specific punctate distribution of endogenous LC3-II, increased expression
of LC3-II, Atg5, and Atg7 genes/proteins, and decreased expression of p62 gene were
observed after acute liver injury was induced by CCl4 in rats, indicating that
CCl4 resulted in a high level of autophagy. Moreover, loss of autophagic
function by using chloroquine (CQ, an autophagic inhibitor) aggravated liver function,
leading to increased expression of p21 (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) in
CCl4-treated rats. Furthermore, the AMPK-mTORC1-ULK1 axis was found to serve
a function in CCl4-induced autophagy. These results reveal that
AMPK-mTORC1-ULK1 signaling-induced autophagy has a protective role in
CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting the p21 pathway. This study suggests
a useful strategy aimed at ameliorating CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity by
autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Weixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Gaopeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Xueqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, #46 East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Shi J, Xia TC, Xu R, He X, Xia Y. Preservation Solutions for Kidney Transplantation: History, Advances and Mechanisms. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1472-1489. [PMID: 31450971 PMCID: PMC6923544 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719872699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation was one of the greatest medical advances during the past few
decades. Organ preservation solutions have been applied to diminish ischemic/hypoxic
injury during cold storage and improve graft survival. In this article, we provide a
general review of the history and advances of preservation solutions for kidney
transplantation. Key components of commonly used solutions are listed, and effective
supplementations for current available preservation solutions are discussed. At cellular
and molecular levels, further insights were provided into the pathophysiological
mechanisms of effective ingredients against ischemic/hypoxic renal injury during cold
storage. We pay special attention to the cellular and molecular events during
transplantation, including ATP depletion, acidosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative
stress, inflammation, and other intracellular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Terry C Xia
- The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Renfang Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Relevance of the UPS in Fatty Liver Graft Preservation: A New Approach for IGL-1 and HTK Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112287. [PMID: 29088097 PMCID: PMC5713257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the central proteolytic machinery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), which is involved in the degradation of ubiquitinated protein substrates. Recently, UPS inhibition has been shown to be a key factor in fatty liver graft preservation during organ cold storage using University of Wisconsin solution (UW) and Institute Georges Lopez (IGL-1) solutions. However, the merits of IGL-1 and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solutions for fatty liver preservation have not been compared. Fatty liver grafts from obese Zücker rats were preserved for 24 h at 4 °C. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), ATP, adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK), e-NOS, proteasome activity and liver polyubiquitinated proteins were determined. IGL-1 solution prevented ATP breakdown during cold-storage preservation of steatotic livers to a greater extent than HTK solution. There were concomitant increases in AMPK activation, e-NOS (endothelial NOS (NO synthase)) expression and UPS inhibition. UPS activity is closely related to the composition of the solution used to preserve the organ. IGL-1 solution provided significantly better protection against ischemia-reperfusion for cold-stored fatty liver grafts than HTK solution. The effect is exerted through the activation of the protective AMPK signaling pathway, an increase in e-NOS expression and a dysregulation of the UPS.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaouali MA, Panisello-Roselló A, Lopez A, Castro Benítez C, Folch-Puy E, García-Gil A, Carbonell T, Adam R, Roselló-Catafau J. Relevance of proteolysis and proteasome activation in fatty liver graft preservation: An Institut Georges Lopez-1 vs University of Wisconsin appraisal. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4211-4221. [PMID: 28694661 PMCID: PMC5483495 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i23.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1 (IGL-1) solutions.
METHODS Fatty liver grafts from male obese Zücker rats were conserved in UW and IGL-1 solutions for 24 h at 4 °Cand subjected to “ex vivo” normo-thermic perfusion (2 h; 37 °C). Liver proteolysis in tissue specimens and perfusate was measured by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total free amino acid release was correlated with the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS: measured as chymotryptic-like activity and 20S and 19S proteasome), the prevention of liver injury (transaminases), mitochondrial injury (confocal microscopy) and inflammation markers (TNF 1 alpha, high mobility group box-1 (HGMB-1) and PPAR gamma), and liver apoptosis (TUNEL assay, cytochrome c and caspase 3).
RESULTS Profiles of free AA (alanine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, ornithine, and threonine, among others) were similar for tissue and reperfusion effluent. In all cases, the IGL-1 solution showed a significantly higher prevention of proteolysis than UW (P < 0.05) after cold ischemia reperfusion. Livers conserved in IGL-1 presented more effective prevention of ATP-breakdown and more inhibition of UPS activity (measured as chymotryptic-like activity). In addition, the prevention of liver proteolysis and UPS activation correlated with the prevention of liver injury (AST/ALT) and mitochondrial damage (revealed by confocal microscopy findings) as well as with the prevention of inflammatory markers (TNF1alpha and HMGB) after reperfusion. In addition, the liver grafts preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis, as shown by TUNEL assay and the reduction of cytochrome c, caspase 3 and P62 levels.
CONCLUSION Our comparison of these two preservation solutions suggests that IGL-1 helps to prevent ATP breakdown more effectively than UW and subsequently achieves a higher UPS inhibition and reduced liver proteolysis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Esteban-Zubero E, García-Gil FA, López-Pingarrón L, Alatorre-Jiménez MA, Ramírez JM, Tan DX, García JJ, Reiter RJ. Melatonin role preventing steatohepatitis and improving liver transplantation results. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2911-27. [PMID: 27022943 PMCID: PMC11108472 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver steatosis is a prevalent process that is induced due to alcoholic or non-alcoholic intake. During the course of these diseases, the generation of reactive oxygen species, followed by molecular damage to lipids, protein and DMA occurs generating organ cell death. Transplantation is the last-resort treatment for the end stage of both acute and chronic hepatic diseases, but its success depends on ability to control ischemia-reperfusion injury, preservation fluids used, and graft quality. Melatonin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant produced by the pineal gland and a variety of other because of its efficacy in organs; melatonin has been investigated to improve the outcome of organ transplantation by reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury and due to its synergic effect with organ preservation fluids. Moreover, this indolamine also prevent liver steatosis. That is important because this disease may evolve leading to an organ transplantation. This review summarizes the observations related to melatonin beneficial actions in organ transplantation and ischemic-reperfusion models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Esteban-Zubero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain.
| | - Francisco Agustín García-Gil
- Department of Surgery, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Zaragoza, Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Laura López-Pingarrón
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Moisés Alejandro Alatorre-Jiménez
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - José Manuel Ramírez
- Department of Surgery, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Zaragoza, Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - José Joaquín García
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Esteban-Zubero E, García-Gil FA, López-Pingarrón L, Alatorre-Jiménez MA, Iñigo-Gil P, Tan DX, García JJ, Reiter RJ. Potential benefits of melatonin in organ transplantation: a review. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:R129-46. [PMID: 27068700 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is a useful therapeutic tool for patients with end-stage organ failure; however, graft rejection is a major obstacle in terms of a successful treatment. Rejection is usually a consequence of a complex immunological and nonimmunological antigen-independent cascade of events, including free radical-mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). To reduce the frequency of this outcome, continuing improvements in the efficacy of antirejection drugs are a top priority to enhance the long-term survival of transplant recipients. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a powerful antioxidant and ant-inflammatory agent synthesized from the essential amino acid l-tryptophan; it is produced by the pineal gland as well as by many other organs including ovary, testes, bone marrow, gut, placenta, and liver. Melatonin has proven to be a potentially useful therapeutic tool in the reduction of graft rejection. Its benefits are based on its direct actions as a free radical scavenger as well as its indirect antioxidative actions in the stimulation of the cellular antioxidant defense system. Moreover, it has significant anti-inflammatory activity. Melatonin has been found to improve the beneficial effects of preservation fluids when they are enriched with the indoleamine. This article reviews the experimental evidence that melatonin is useful in reducing graft failure, especially in cardiac, bone, otolaryngology, ovarian, testicular, lung, pancreas, kidney, and liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura López-Pingarrón
- Department of MedicinePsychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Iñigo-Gil
- Department of MedicinePsychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - José Joaquín García
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Proteasome inhibitors induce AMPK activation via CaMKKβ in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 153:79-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
10
|
Tabka D, Bejaoui M, Javellaud J, Roselló-Catafau J, Achard JM, Abdennebi HB. Effects of Institut Georges Lopez-1 and Celsior preservation solutions on liver graft injury. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4159-4168. [PMID: 25892865 PMCID: PMC4394076 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i14.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare Institut Georges Lopez (IGL-1) and Celsior preservation solutions for hepatic endothelium relaxation and liver cold ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI).
METHODS: Two experimental models were used. In the first one, acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) was measured in isolated ring preparations of rat hepatic arteries preserved or not in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions (24 h at 4 °C). To determine nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase EDR, hepatic arteries were incubated with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), or with L-NAME plus indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. In the second experiment, rat livers were cold-stored in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions for 24 h at 4 °C and then perfused “ex vivo” for 2 h at 37 °C. Liver injury was assessed by transaminase measurements, liver function by bile production and bromosulfophthalein clearance, oxidative stress by malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity and alterations in cell signaling pathways by pAkt, pAMPK, eNOS and MAPKs proteins level.
RESULTS: After cold storage for 24 h with either Celsior or IGL-1, EDR was only slightly altered. In freshly isolated arteries, EDR was exclusively mediated by NO. However, cold-stored arteries showed NO- and COX-dependent relaxation. The decrease in NO-dependent relaxation after cold storage was significantly more marked with Celsior. The second study indicated that IGL-1 solution obtained better liver preservation and protection against IRI than Celsior. Liver injury was reduced, function was improved and there was less oxidative stress. IGL-1 solution activated Akt and AMPK, which was concomitant with increased eNOS expression and nitrite/nitrate levels. Furthermore, MAPKs kinases were regulated in livers preserved with IGL-1 solution since reductions in p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK protein levels were observed.
CONCLUSION: IGL-1 solution preserved NO-dependent relaxation better than Celsior storage solution and enhanced liver graft preservation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bejaoui M, Pantazi E, Folch-Puy E, Baptista PM, García-Gil A, Adam R, Roselló-Catafau J. Emerging concepts in liver graft preservation. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:396-407. [PMID: 25593455 PMCID: PMC4292271 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The urgent need to expand the donor pool in order to attend to the growing demand for liver transplantation has obliged physicians to consider the use of suboptimal liver grafts and also to redefine the preservation strategies. This review examines the different methods of liver graft preservation, focusing on the latest advances in both static cold storage and machine perfusion (MP). The new strategies for static cold storage are mainly designed to increase the fatty liver graft preservation via the supplementation of commercial organ preservation solutions with additives. In this paper we stress the importance of carrying out effective graft washout after static cold preservation, and present a detailed discussion of the future perspectives for dynamic graft preservation using MP at different temperatures (hypothermia at 4 °C, normothermia at 37 °C and subnormothermia at 20 °C-25 °C). Finally, we highlight some emerging applications of regenerative medicine in liver graft preservation. In conclusion, this review discusses the "state of the art" and future perspectives in static and dynamic liver graft preservation in order to improve graft viability.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen X, Wu JX, You XJ, Zhu HW, Wei JL, Xu MY. Cold ischemia-induced autophagy in rat lung tissue. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2513-9. [PMID: 25435100 PMCID: PMC4337489 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved pathway that permits recycling of nutrients within the cell and is rapidly upregulated during starvation or cell stress. Autophagy has been implicated in the pathophysiological process of warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat lung. Cold ischemia (CI) preservation for lung transplantation also exhibits cell stress and nutrient deprivation, however, little is known with regard to the involvement of autophagy in this process. In the present study, CI preservation-induced autophagy and apoptosis was investigated in the lungs of Sprague Dawley rats. Sprague Dawley rat lungs were flushed and preserved at 4°C (i.e. CI) for various durations (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h). The levels of autophagy, autophagic cell death and apoptosis were measured at each time point following CI. The results revealed that autophagy was induced by CI preservation, which was initiated at 3 h, peaked at 6 h after CI and declined thereafter. Additionally, a coexistence of autophagic cell death and apoptosis was observed in rat lung tissues following prolonged CI. These findings demonstrate that autophagy is involved in the pathophysiological process of lung CI. Furthermore, autophagic cell death in addition to necrosis and apoptosis occurs following CI in the lung. CI preservation may therefore be a potential mechanism of lung injury during organ preservation prior to lung transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Ji You
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jiong-Lin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Song X, Kim SY, Zhang L, Tang D, Bartlett DL, Kwon YT, Lee YJ. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy in human colon cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1504. [PMID: 25356873 PMCID: PMC4649537 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Unresectable colorectal liver metastases remain a major unresolved issue and more effective novel regimens are urgently needed. While screening synergistic drug combinations for colon cancer therapy, we identified a novel multidrug treatment for colon cancer: chemotherapeutic agent melphalan in combination with proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor rapamycin. We investigated the mechanisms of synergistic antitumor efficacy during the multidrug treatment. All experiments were performed with highly metastatic human colon cancer CX-1 and HCT116 cells, and selected critical experiments were repeated with human colon cancer stem Tu-22 cells and mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells. We used immunochemical techniques to investigate a cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy during the multidrug treatment. We observed that melphalan triggered apoptosis, bortezomib induced apoptosis and autophagy, rapamycin caused autophagy and the combinatorial treatment-induced synergistic apoptosis, which was mediated through an increase in caspase activation. We also observed that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the combination was linked with altered cellular metabolism, which induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, resulting in Beclin-1 phosphorylated at Ser 93/96. Interestingly, Beclin-1 phosphorylated at Ser 93/96 is sufficient to induce Beclin-1 cleavage by caspase-8, which switches off autophagy to achieve the synergistic induction of apoptosis. Similar results were observed with the essential autophagy gene, autophagy-related protein 7, -deficient MEF cells. The multidrug treatment-induced Beclin-1 cleavage was abolished in Beclin-1 double-mutant (D133A/D146A) knock-in HCT116 cells, restoring the autophagy-promoting function of Beclin-1 and suppressing the apoptosis induced by the combination therapy. These observations identify a novel mechanism for AMPK-induced apoptosis through interplay between autophagy and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - S-Y Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - D Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - D L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Y T Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- 1] Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qin Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhao J, Mulholland M, Zhang W. Ghrelin contributes to protection of hepatocellular injury induced by ischaemia/reperfusion. Liver Int 2014; 34:567-75. [PMID: 23998356 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ghrelin, a gut hormone with pleiotropic effects, may act as a protective signal in parenchymal cells. We investigated the protective effects of ghrelin on hepatocytes after ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Hepatic injury was assessed by measurement of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), histological analysis, and TUNEL assay. Effects of exogenous ghrelin and ghrelin receptor gene deletion on I/R induced injury of liver were evaluated. RESULTS Ischaemia/reperfusion induced a profound injury to hepatocytes. This was accompanied by elevations in plasma ALT and LDH. Pretreatment with ghrelin significantly reduced elevations in plasma ALT and LDH, and attenuated tissue damage induced by hepatic I/R in mice. Hepatic injury induced by I/R was more pronounced in ghrelin receptor gene null mice. Ghrelin administration blocked the up-regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity induced by hepatic I/R. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that ghrelin contributes to the cytoprotection during hepatic I/R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Da Li University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Studies performed in the liver in the 1960s led to the identification of lysosomes and the discovery of autophagy, the process by which intracellular proteins and organelles are degraded in lysosomes. Early studies in hepatocytes also uncovered how nutritional status regulates autophagy and how various circulating hormones modulate the activity of this catabolic process in the liver. The intensive characterization of hepatic autophagy over the years has revealed that lysosome-mediated degradation is important not only for maintaining liver homeostasis in normal physiological conditions, but also for an adequate response of this organ to stressors such as proteotoxicity, metabolic dysregulation, infection and carcinogenesis. Autophagic malfunction has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of common liver diseases, suggesting that chemical manipulation of this process might hold potential therapeutic value. In this Review--intended as an introduction to the topic of hepatic autophagy for clinical scientists--we describe the different types of hepatic autophagy, their role in maintaining homeostasis in a healthy liver and the contribution of autophagic malfunction to liver disease.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bejaoui M, Zaouali MA, Folch-Puy E, Pantazi E, Bardag-Gorce F, Carbonell T, Oliva J, Rimola A, Abdennebi HB, Roselló-Catafau J. Bortezomib enhances fatty liver preservation in Institut George Lopez-1 solution through adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase and Akt/mTOR pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:62-72. [PMID: 24127984 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the protective mechanisms induced by bortezomib added to Institut George Lopez (IGL)-1 preservation solution to protect steatotic livers against cold ischaemia reperfusion injury and to examine whether these mechanisms occur through the activation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), Akt/mTOR pathways. METHODS Steatotic livers from obese rats were preserved for 24 h (at 4 °C) in IGL-1 solution with or without bortezomib (100 nM) or pretreated with AMPK inhibitor adenine 9-α-D-arabinofuranoside and preserved in IGL-1 + bortezomib. Livers were then perfused for 2 h at 37 °C. Liver injury (alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase) and function (bile production and vascular resistance) were measured. Also, Akt/mTOR, phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) and apoptosis were determined by Western blot analyses. KEY FINDINGS Bortezomib addition to IGL-1 solution significantly reduced steatotic liver injury, improved graft function and decreased liver apoptosis. These benefits were diminished by the pretreatment of obese rats with AMPK inhibitor Ara. Western blot analyses showed a significant increase in pAMPK after ischaemia and reperfusion. We also observed a significant phosphorylation of Akt in IGL-1 +bortezomib group that, in turn, induced the phosphorylation of mTOR and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. CONCLUSIONS Bortezomib, at low and non toxic concentration, is a promising additive to IGL-1 solution for steatotic liver preservation. Its protective effect is due to the activation of AMPK and Akt/mTOR pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bejaoui
- Experimental Pathology Department, IIBB-CSIC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|