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Xu P, Yi Y, Xiong L, Luo Y, Xie C, Luo D, Zeng Z, Liu A. Oncostatin M/Oncostatin M Receptor Signal Induces Radiation-Induced Heart Fibrosis by Regulating SMAD4 in Fibroblast. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:203-217. [PMID: 37610394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced heart fibrosis (RIHF) is a severe consequence of radiation-induced heart damage (RIHD) leading to impaired cardiac function. The involvement of oncostatin M (OSM) and its receptor (OSMR) in RIHD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the specific mechanism of OSM/OSMR in RIHF/RIHD. METHODS AND MATERIALS RNA sequencing was performed on heart tissues from a RIHD mouse model. OSM levels were assessed in serum samples obtained from patients receiving thoracic radiation therapy (RT), as well as in RIHF mouse heart tissues and serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fiber activation was evaluated through costimulation of primary cardiac fibroblasts and NIH3T3 cells with RT and OSM, using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Adeno-associated virus serotype 9-mediated overexpression or silencing of OSM specifically in the heart was performed in vivo to assess cardiac fibrosis levels by transthoracic echocardiography and pathologic examination. The regulatory mechanism of OSM on the transcription level of SMAD4 was further explored in vitro using mass spectrometric analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR, and DNA pull-down. RESULTS OSM levels were elevated in the serum of patients after thoracic RT as well as in RIHF mouse cardiac endothelial cells and mouse serum. The OSM rate (post-RT/pre-RT) and the heart exposure dose in RT patients showed a positive correlation. Silencing OSMR in RIHF mice reduced fibrosis, while OSMR overexpression increased fibrotic responses. Furthermore, increased OSM promoted histone acetylation (H3K27ac) in the SMAD4 promoter region, influencing SMAD4 transcription and subsequently enhancing fibrotic response. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrated that OSM/OSMR signaling promotes SMAD4 transcription in cardiac fibroblasts through H3K27 hyperacetylation, thereby promoting radiation-induced cardiac fibrosis and manifestations of RIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Radiation Induced Heart Damage Institute of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yali Yi
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Radiation Induced Heart Damage Institute of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Le Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Radiation Induced Heart Damage Institute of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuxi Luo
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Caifeng Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Daya Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhimin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Radiation Induced Heart Damage Institute of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Anwen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Radiation Induced Heart Damage Institute of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Xiao X, Jiang H, Wei H, Zhou Y, Ji X, Zhou C. Endothelial Senescence in Neurological Diseases. Aging Dis 2023; 14:2153-2166. [PMID: 37199574 PMCID: PMC10676791 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, which are highly dynamic cells essential to the vascular network, play an indispensable role in maintaining the normal function of the body. Several lines of evidence indicate that the phenotype associated with senescent endothelial cells causes or promotes some neurological disorders. In this review, we first discuss the phenotypic changes associated with endothelial cell senescence; subsequently, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of endothelial cell senescence and its relationship with neurological disorders. For refractory neurological diseases such as stroke and atherosclerosis, we intend to provide some valid clues and new directions for clinical treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kang SH, Yoo H, Cheon BK, Park YH, Kim SJ, Ham H, Jang H, Kim HJ, Oh K, Koh SB, Na DL, Kim JP, Seo SW. Distinct effects of cholesterol profile components on amyloid and vascular burdens. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:197. [PMID: 37950256 PMCID: PMC10636929 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol plays important roles in β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism and atherosclerosis. However, the relationships of plasma cholesterol levels with Aβ and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burdens are not fully understood in Asians. Herein, we investigated the relationships between plasma cholesterol profile components and Aβ and CSVD burdens in a large, non-demented Korean cohort. METHODS We enrolled 1,175 non-demented participants (456 with unimpaired cognition [CU] and 719 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) aged ≥ 45 years who underwent Aβ PET at the Samsung Medical Center in Korea. We performed linear regression analyses with each cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], and triglyceride) level as a predictor and each image marker (Aβ uptake on PET, white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volume, and hippocampal volume) as an outcome after controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Increased LDL-c levels (β = 0.014 to 0.115, p = 0.013) were associated with greater Aβ uptake, independent of the APOE e4 allele genotype and lipid-lowering medication. Decreased HDL-c levels (β = - 0.133 to - 0.006, p = 0.032) were predictive of higher WMH volumes. Increased LDL-c levels were also associated with decreased hippocampal volume (direct effect β = - 0.053, p = 0.040), which was partially mediated by Aβ uptake (indirect effect β = - 0.018, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that increased LDL-c and decreased HDL-c levels are important risk factors for Aβ and CSVD burdens, respectively. Furthermore, considering that plasma cholesterol profile components are potentially modified by diet, exercise, and pharmacological agents, our results provide evidence that regulating LDL-c and HDL-c levels is a potential strategy to prevent dementia.
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Grants
- 2022R1I1A1A01056956 Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education
- HI19C1132 a grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea
- grant number: HU20C0111, HU22C0170 a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare and Ministry of science and ICT, Republic of Korea
- NRF-2019R1A5A2027340, NRF-2022R1F1A1063966 the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)
- 2021-ER1006-01 the "National Institute of Health" research project
- a grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea
- a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare and Ministry of science and ICT, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejin Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Cheon
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Hyun Park
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongki Ham
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Kyungmi Oh
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Beom Koh
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jun Pyo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
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Zeng Y, Guo R, Cao S, Yang H. Causal associations between blood lipids and brain structures: a Mendelian randomization study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10901-10908. [PMID: 37718242 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential causal association between dyslipidemia and brain structures remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether circulating lipids are causally associated with brain structure alterations using Mendelian randomization analysis. Genome-wide association study summary statistics of blood lipids and brain structures were obtained from publicly available databases. Inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary method to assess causality. In addition, four additional Mendelian randomization methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode) were applied to supplement inverse-variance weighted. Furthermore, Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out analysis were performed for sensitivity analyses. After Bonferroni corrections, two causal associations were finally identified: elevated non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level leads to higher average cortical thickness (β = 0.0066 mm, 95% confidence interval: 0.0045-0.0087 mm, P = 0.001); and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level leads to higher inferior temporal surface area (β = 18.6077 mm2, 95% confidence interval: 11.9835-25.2320 mm2, P = 0.005). Four additional Mendelian randomization methods indicated parallel results. Sensitivity tests demonstrated the stability. Overall, the present study showed causal relationships between several lipid profiles and specific brain structures, providing new insights into the link between dyslipidemia and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ren Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Si Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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Marwah MK, Manhoosh B, Shokr H, Al Tahan MA, Stewart R, Iqbal M, Sanchez LD, Abdullah S, Ahmad S, Wang K, Rana KS, Sanchez-Aranguren L. Transdermal delivery of mitochondrial-targeted hydrogen sulphide donor, AP39 protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:166-174. [PMID: 37673316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is an important gaseous signalling molecule with emerging roles as a neuroprotectant. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of transdermal delivery of mitochondrial-targeted H2S donor, AP39 whilst investigating the ability of permeated AP39 on abrogating 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-dop)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as a model of Parkinson's disease, established in human neuroblastoma cells, SHSY-5Y. Aqueous hypromellose gels (5% w/v) were prepared with up to 10% v/v propylene glycol (PG) with 0.002% w/w AP39. AP39 permeation from formulations across excised murine skin into PBS was quantified over 24 h using HPLC-UV detection. Media was collected and applied to a microvasculature blood-brain-barrier (BBB) model to evidence AP39 permeability. Following, the permeate was applied to neuroblastoma cells SHSY-5Y to evidence its therapeutic potential in modulating the mitochondrial bioenergetics and antioxidant in response to 6-OH-dop-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The presence of PG in gel formulations significantly increased the cumulative amount of AP39 permeated across murine skin over 24 h from 24.40 ± 2.39 % to 48.59 ± 2.93 %. Conditioned media applied to a microvasculature BBB model observed AP39 permeation across the barrier and H2S release. Finally, permeated AP39 enhanced parameters of mitochondrial bioenergetics in SHSY-5Y exposed to 6-OH-dop. Moreover, permeated AP39 abrogated mitochondrial-specific reactive oxygen species generation induced by 6-OH-dop. These findings demonstrate transdermal delivery of AP39 may provide a promising alternative to deliver this mitochondrial-targeted H2S donor and this approach allows the potential to cross the BBB reaching CNS organs in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Moreover, our observations show that gels prepared with 10% v/v PG have the potential for use in conditions requiring rapid H2S delivery whereas gels without PG have potential for therapy requiring sustained H2S delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur Marwah
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, UK.
| | - Bahareh Manhoosh
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, UK
| | - Hala Shokr
- Pharmacy Division, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Roderick Stewart
- Quest Healthcare, Birmingham, UK; Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, UK
| | - Mohammed Iqbal
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, UK
| | - Lorena Diaz Sanchez
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, UK
| | - Sewa Abdullah
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, UK
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, UK
| | - Keqing Wang
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, UK
| | - Karan Singh Rana
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, UK
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Liu M, Gong C, Shen X, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Zhong W, Chen Y, Dong N, Liao J, Yin N. Mitochondrial dynamics-related genes DRP1 and OPA1 contributes to early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in diabetes. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:484. [PMID: 37563583 PMCID: PMC10416428 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM DRP1 and OPA1 play important roles in mitochondrial fusion and fission. However, the role of DRP1 and OPA1 amplification in mitochondrial cognitive impairment has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DRP1 and OPA1 and the risk of cognitive impairment. METHODS In this study, 45 elderly patients with diabetes admitted to the Lianyungang Second People's Hospital from September 2020 to January 2021 were included. The patients were divided into normal group, mild cognitive impairment group and dementia group by using MMSE score, and the clinical characteristics of the three groups were compared. The amplification multiples of the two genes' DNA were calculated by ΔΔCT and defined as 2- K. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the DNA amplification multiples of patients' DRP1 and OPA1 and AD8 and MoCA scores. The sensitivity and specificity of DNA amplification multiples of DRP1 and OPA1 to predict clinical outcomes of diabetic cognitive impairment were evaluated using Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between DNA amplification factor of DRP1 and OPA1 and cognitive function. RESULTS DRP1(2- K) and OPA1(2- K) significantly increased and decreased in dementia and MCI groups compared with the normal group (P ≤ 0.001). The DNA amplification factor of DRP1 was positively correlated with AD8 score and negatively correlated with MoCA score (P < 0.001). The DNA amplification factor of OPA1 was positively correlated with the MoCA score (P = 0.0002). Analysis of ROCs showed that the DNA amplification factor of OPA1 had a higher predictive value for dementia (P < 0.0001), and that it had a higher predictive value when used in combination with DRP1. Multiple logistic regression results showed that increased DNA amplification in DRP1 was associated with increased risk of dementia (OR 1.149;95%CI,1.035-1.275), and increased DNA amplification in OPA1 was associated with decreased risk of MCI (OR 0.004;95%CI,0.000-0.251) and dementia (OR 0.000;95%CI,0.000-0.134). CONCLUSION DNA amplification multiples of DRP1 and OPA1 are associated with the risk of dementia in elderly patients and may serve as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affifiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People's Hospital), Lianyungang, China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affifiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People's Hospital), Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaozhu Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affifiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People's Hospital), Lianyungang, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affifiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People's Hospital), Lianyungang, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Bengbu Medical College Clinical College of Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affifiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People's Hospital), Lianyungang, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affifiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People's Hospital), Lianyungang, China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Nan Dong
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Industrial Park Xinghai Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affifiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People's Hospital), Lianyungang, China
| | - Ning Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Hospital Affifiliated to Jiangsu University (Lianyungang Second People's Hospital), Lianyungang, China.
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7
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Kaddumukasa MN, Kaddumukasa M, Katabira E, Sewankambo N, Namujju LD, Goldstein LB. Prevalence and predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment among stroke survivors in Uganda. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:166. [PMID: 37098461 PMCID: PMC10127321 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the characteristics and determinants of post-stroke cognitive impairment in residents of low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to determine the frequencies, patterns, and risk factors for cognitive impairment in a cross-sectional study of consecutive stroke patients cared for at Uganda's Mulago Hospital, located in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS 131 patients were enrolled a minimum of 3-months after hospital admission for stroke. A questionnaire, clinical examination findings, and laboratory test results were used to collect demographic information and data on vascular risk factors and clinical characteristics. Independent predictor variables associated with cognitive impairment were ascertained. Stroke impairments, disability, and handicap were assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), and modified Rankin scale (mRS), respectively. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess participants' cognitive function. Stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to identify variables independently associated with cognitive impairment. RESULTS The overall mean MoCA score was 11.7-points (range 0.0-28.0-points) for 128 patients with available data of whom 66.4% were categorized as cognitively impaired (MoCA < 19-points). Increasing age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.07; p = 0.026), low level of education (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.25-8.33; p = 0.016), functional handicap (mRS 3-5; OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.28-2.63; p < 0.001) and high LDL cholesterol (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.14-6.56; p = 0.024) were independently associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the high burden and need for awareness of cognitive impairment in post stroke populations in the sub-Saharan region and serve to emphasize the importance of detailed cognitive assessment as part of routine clinical evaluation of patients who have had a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mark Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elly Katabira
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nelson Sewankambo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lillian D Namujju
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Jong GP, Lin TK, Huang JY, Liao PL, Yang TY, Pan LF. Risk of New-Onset Dementia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Statin Users: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041073. [PMID: 37189690 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a higher risk for developing dementia than the general population. Clinical studies have investigated the effects of statin use on new-onset dementia (NOD) in patients with CKD; however, the findings are inconsistent. This study examines the association between the use of statins and NOD in patients with CKD. We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database (2003–2016). The primary outcome assessed the risk of incident dementia by estimating the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Therefore, multiple Cox regression models were conducted to analyse the association between statin use and NOD in patients with CKD. There were 24,090 participants with statin use and 28,049 participants without statin use in patients with new-diagnosed CKD; the NOD event was 1390 and 1608, respectively. There was a trend of reduction association between statin users and NOD events after adjusted sex, age, comorbidities, and concurrent medication (adjusted HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.00) in the 14 years of the follow-up. Sensitivity test for the propensity score 1:1 matched analyses showed similar results (adjusted HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.02). The subgroup analysis also identified the use of statins as having a trend against developing NOD in patients with hypertension. In conclusion, statin therapy may effectively reduce the risk of NOD in patients with CKD. More studies are needed to credibly evaluate the effects of statin therapy on the prevention of NOD in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Ping Jong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kun Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yuan Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Fa Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 41168, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Takun, Taichung 406053, Taiwan
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9
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Khaleghi-Mehr M, Delshad AA, Shafie-Damavandi S, Roghani M. Metformin mitigates amyloid β 1-40-induced cognitive decline via attenuation of oxidative/nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1127-1142. [PMID: 36723832 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is an antidiabetic medicine widely used for management of type 2 diabetes with neuroprotective effects and promising potential to attenuate cognitive impairment. The efficacy of metformin in attenuation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology has not been well-documented. Thus, this study was designed to assess protective effect of metformin against Aβ1-40-instigared cognitive impairment. After intra-CA1 microinjection of aggregated Aβ1-40, rats received oral metformin (50 and/or 200 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. Cognition function was analyzed in various behavioral tasks besides measurement of hippocampal oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation along with H&E staining and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunohistochemistry. Obtained data showed significant improvement of discrimination score in novel object recognition test, higher alternation score in Y maze, greater latency in passive avoidance task, and lower working and reference memory errors in radial arm maze in metformin-treated Aβ-injured group. Moreover, metformin treatment attenuated hippocampal levels of nitrite, MDA, protein carbonyl, ROS, TNFα, GFAP, DNA fragmentation intensity, caspase 3 activity, AChE activity, and increased SOD activity and level of IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory factor. In addition, metformin treatment was associated with lower CA1 neuronal loss and it also decreased intensity of 3-NT immunoreactivity as an indicator of nitrosative stress. Taken together, obtained findings showed neuroprotective and anti-dementia property of metformin in male rats and this may have potential benefit in attenuation of cognitive decline and related complications in patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as AD besides diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Ivnitsky JJ, Schäfer TV, Rejniuk VL, Golovko AI. Endogenous humoral determinants of vascular endothelial dysfunction as triggers of acute poisoning complications. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:47-65. [PMID: 35258106 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is not only the semipermeable membrane that separates tissue from blood but also an organ that regulates inflammation, vascular tone, blood clotting, angiogenesis and synthesis of connective tissue proteins. It is susceptible to the direct cytotoxic action of numerous xenobiotics and to the acute hypoxia that accompanies acute poisoning. This damage is superimposed on the preformed state of the vascular endothelium, which, in turn, depends on many humoral factors. The probability that an exogenous toxicant will cause life-threatening dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, thereby complicating the course of acute poisoning, increases with an increase in the content of endogenous substances in the blood that disrupt endothelial function. These include ammonia, bacterial endotoxin, indoxyl sulfate, para-cresyl sulfate, trimethylamine N-oxide, asymmetric dimethylarginine, glucose, homocysteine, low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins, free fatty acids and products of intravascular haemolysis. Some other endogenous substances (albumin, haptoglobin, haemopexin, biliverdin, bilirubin, tetrahydrobiopterin) or food-derived compounds (ascorbic acid, rutin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.) reduce the risk of lethal vascular endothelial dysfunction. The individual variability of the content of these substances in the blood contributes to the stochasticity of the complications of acute poisoning and is a promising target for the risk reduction measures. Another feasible option may be the repositioning of drugs that affect the function of the vascular endothelium while being currently used for other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jury Ju Ivnitsky
- Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Timur V Schäfer
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of the Military Medicine of Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir L Rejniuk
- Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr I Golovko
- Golikov Research Clinical Center of Toxicology under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Li H, Xie X, Zhang L, He Y, Liu H, Qiang D, Bai G, Li L, Tang Y. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of serum metabolomic characteristics in people with different vitamin D levels. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230658. [PMID: 36874363 PMCID: PMC9979004 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with multiple functions. However, the metabolism of people with different vitamin D concentrations is still unclear. Herein, we collected clinical data and analysed the serum metabolome of people with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) ≥40 ng/mL (A), 30 ng/mL ≤25(OH)D <40 ng/mL (B) and 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL (C) by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. We found that haemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and thioredoxin interaction protein were enhanced, while HOMA-β was reduced with the decrease of 25(OH)D concentration. In addition, people in the C group were diagnosed with prediabetes or diabetes. Metabolomics analysis showed that seven, thirty-four and nine differential metabolites were identified in the groups B vs A, C vs A and C vs B, respectively. Metabolites associated with cholesterol metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis, such as 7-ketolithocholic acid, 12-ketolithocholic acid, apocholic acid, N-arachidene glycine and d-mannose 6-phosphate, were significantly upregulated in the C group compared with the A or B groups. In conclusion, the disorder of vitamin D metabolism may be related to cholesterol metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis. This study provided a basis for exploring the possible mechanism leading to abnormal vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan City, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan City, Liqun West Street 2, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan City, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanting He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan City, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan City, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dan Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan City, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guirong Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan City, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan City, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanpan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan City, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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12
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Wang C, Zong S, Cui X, Wang X, Wu S, Wang L, Liu Y, Lu Z. The effects of microglia-associated neuroinflammation on Alzheimer's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117172. [PMID: 36911732 PMCID: PMC9992739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined as a severe chronic degenerative neurological disease in human. The pathogenic mechanism of AD has been convincingly elucidated by the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" with the main focus of the pathological accretion of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides outside the cell. However, increasing evidence suggests that this hypothesis is weak in explaining the pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation is crucial in the development of AD, which is proven by the elevated levels of inflammatory markers and the identification of AD risk genes relevant to the innate immune function. Here, we summarize the effects of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation on AD, focusing on the temporal and spatial changes in microglial phenotype, the interactions among microglia, Aβ, tau, and neurons, and the prospects and recent advances in neuroinflammation as a diagnostic and therapeutic target of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiming Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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13
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Pasqualetti G, Thayanandan T, Edison P. Influence of genetic and cardiometabolic risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101723. [PMID: 36038112 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Cardiometabolic and genetic risk factors play an important role in the trajectory of AD. Cardiometabolic risk factors including diabetes, mid-life obesity, mid-life hypertension and elevated cholesterol have been linked with cognitive decline in AD subjects. These potential risk factors associated with cerebral metabolic changes which fuel AD pathogenesis have been suggested to be the reason for the disappointing clinical trial results. In appreciation of the risks involved, using search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE and Google Scholar, a relevant literature search on cardiometabolic and genetic risk factors in AD was conducted. We discuss the role of genetic as well as established cardiovascular risk factors in the neuropathology of AD. Moreover, we show new evidence of genetic interaction between several genes potentially involved in different pathways related to both neurodegenerative process and cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Thayanandan
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
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14
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Ding Y, Wang L, Sun J, Shi Y, Li G, Luan X, Zheng G, Zhang G. Remnant Cholesterol and Dyslipidemia Are Risk Factors for Guillain–Barré Syndrome and Severe Guillain–Barré Syndrome by Promoting Monocyte Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946825. [PMID: 35911688 PMCID: PMC9326451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common severe acute paralytic neuropathy, with a mortality rate of 5% and permanent sequelae rate of 10%. Currently, the cause of GBS remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to determine potential predictors for GBS and its severity.MethodsA case–control study was performed at Tiantan Hospital in Beijing from January 2017 to December 2021. Laboratory and clinical characteristics were assessed in recruited GBS patients and healthy control individuals (matched by sex and age). The potential risk factors for GBS and severe GBS were assessed using a logistic regression analysis. The mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in GBS patients and control PBMCs were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. THP-1 cells were costimulated with LPS and free cholesterol to demonstrate the effect of free cholesterol on monocyte activation.ResultsA total of 147 GBS patients and 153 healthy individuals were included in the study. Logistic regression analyses showed that preceding infection, alcohol consumption, remnant cholesterol, homocysteine and the dyslipidemia index were correlated with a higher risk of GBS. In contrast, increased HDL cholesterol was correlated with a lower risk of GBS. Moreover, remnant cholesterol and the dyslipidemia index were significantly correlated with severe GBS. The mRNA levels of TLR4, TLR2 and NF-κB in the PBMCs of GBS patients were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals. LPS activated THP-1 cells, and free cholesterol treatment increased the expression of TLR4, TLR2, NF-κB and IL-1β mRNA in LPS-activated THP-1 cells.ConclusionDyslipidemia was correlated with the risk of GBS and severe GBS. Remnant cholesterol may promote the activation of monocytes in GBS patients. It may be valuable to control lipid levels in the prevention of GBS and severe GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Ding
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Sun
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoge Li
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guojun Zhang,
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15
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Han F, Luo C, Lv D, Tian L, Qu C. Risk Factors Affecting Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly Aged 65 and Over: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:903794. [PMID: 35783132 PMCID: PMC9243469 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.903794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesElderly population with cognitive impairment has been accelerating in China. This study aimed to explore the relationship between each risk factor and each cognitive domain to provide evidence for risk prevention of controlling impaired cognitive function in elderly.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed the cognitive status of the elderly aged 65 and above in three communities in Shizhong District of Jinan City. Cognitive status was assessed by MMSE. The influencing factors of cognitive impairment were analyzed by chi square test, correlation analysis and regression analysis.ResultsAmong 1,171 participants, 643 were defined as cognitive impairment with an incidence of 54.9%. And we found that there were significant differences in the incidence of cognitive impairment among residents with different gender, age, education level, hypertension and LDL-C (P < 0.05). However, BMI, marital status, smoking, physical exercise, T2DM, TC, TG and HDL-C had no significant differences in the incidence of cognitive impairment. In addition, education level (b = 1.194, P <0.001), age (b = −0.040, P = 0.001), LDL-C (b = 0.169, P = 0.018) had statistical significance on the total score of MMSE according to binary logistic regression analysis.ConclusionGender, age, education level, hypertension and LDL-C had significant differences in the incidence of cognitive impairment. And these risk factors could provide a basis for the early screening and intervention of cognitive impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyue Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changjiang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Shizhong District People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Duojiao Lv
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Shizhong District People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Long Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanqiang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanqiang Qu,
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16
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Ghasemi-Tarie R, Kiasalari Z, Fakour M, Khorasani M, Keshtkar S, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Nobiletin prevents amyloid β 1-40-induced cognitive impairment via inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1337-1349. [PMID: 35294678 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is presented as an age-related neurodegenerative disease with multiple cognitive deficits and amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation is the most important involved factor in its development. Nobiletin is a bioflavonoid isolated from citrus fruits peels with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity as well as anti-dementia property that has shown potency to ameliorate intracellular and extracellular Ab. The aim of the present study was to assess protective effect of nobiletin against Aβ1-40-induced cognitive impairment as a consistent model of AD. After bilateral intrahippocampal (CA1 subfield) injection of Aβ1-40, rats were treated with nobiletin (10 mg/kg/day; p.o.) from stereotaxic surgery day (day 0) till day + 7. Cognition function was evaluated in a battery of behavioral tasks at week 3 with final assessment of hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammation besides Nissl staining and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunohistochemistry. Analysis of behavioral data showed notable and significant improvement of alternation in Y maze test, discrimination ratio in novel object recognition task, and step through latency in passive avoidance test in nobiletin-treated Aβ group. Additionally, nobiletin treatment was associated with lower hippocampal levels of MDA and ROS and partial reversal of SOD activity and also improvement of Nrf2 with no significant effect on GSH and catalase. Furthermore, nobiletin attenuated hippocampal neuroinflammation in Aβ group as shown by lower tissue levels of TLR4, NF-kB, and TNFa. Histochemical findings showed that nobiletin prevents CA1 neuronal loss in Nissl staining in addition to its alleviation of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunoreactivity as a marker of nitrosative stress. Collectively, these findings indicated neuroprotective and anti-dementia potential of nobiletin that is partly attributed to its anti-oxidative, anti-nitrosative, and anti-inflammatory property associated with proper modulation of TLR4/NF-kB/Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Kiasalari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Fakour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Khorasani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Keshtkar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Shokr H, Dias IHK, Gherghel D. Oxysterols and Retinal Microvascular Dysfunction as Early Risk Markers for Cardiovascular Disease in Normal, Ageing Individuals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1756. [PMID: 34829627 PMCID: PMC8615151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to assess the relationship between oxysterol levels and retinal microvascular function in individuals of various age groups, free of clinically evident diseases. Forty-two apparently healthy individuals were included in the present study (group 1: 19-30 years, group 2: 31-50 years, and group 3: 51-70 years). Retinal microvascular function was assessed using the dynamic retinal vessel analyzer (DVA, IMEDOS GmbH, Jena, Germany). Fasting plasma was obtained from all subjects and quantification of monohydroxy and dihydroxy oxysterols assessment was performed using LC-MS/MS following reverse phase chromatography. A Griess assay was used to evaluate the Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration in all individuals. The glutathione redox ratio was also analyzed by means of whole blood glutathione recycling assay. In all participants, the levels of 7-Ketocholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol correlated significantly and positively with the time to maximum arteriolar dilation. In addition, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol negatively correlated to the percentage of maximum arteriolar dilation. A negative correlation was observed for 27-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol with microvascular arteriolar constriction. These results suggest that, with age, abnormal oxysterol levels correlate with early changes in microvascular bed function. This relationship could signal early risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in an ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Shokr
- Vascular Research Laboratory, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | - Irundika HK Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Doina Gherghel
- Vascular Research Laboratory, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
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18
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Rao W, Zhang Y, Li K, Zhang XY. Association between cognitive impairment and apolipoprotein A1 or apolipoprotein B levels is regulated by apolipoprotein E variant rs429358 in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16353-16366. [PMID: 34135129 PMCID: PMC8266354 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ApoE gene polymorphism may be involved in the change in blood lipid profile and cognitive impairment of the general population. However, few studies explored the effects of ApoE gene polymorphism on blood lipid levels and cognition in schizophrenia. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was employed to evaluate the cognition and the SNPStats was used to investigate the association of ApoE rs429358 with schizophrenia. The models of analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis were conducted to investigate the effect of ApoE rs429358 on cognition in schizophrenia. Altogether, 637 patients with schizophrenia and 467 healthy controls were recruited in this study. The findings in the case group found that both the ApoA1 and ApoB levels were predictors for RBANS total score (p < 0.001 vs. p = 0.011), immediate memory (p < 0.001 vs. p = 0.019), language (p < 0.001 vs. p = 0.013), attention (p < 0.001 vs. p < 0.001), except ApoA1 level only was a predictor for visuospatial/constructional (p = 0.014) and delayed memory (p < 0.001). When the association was examined in different ApoE rs429358 genotype subgroups, the association between ApoA1 level and RBANS scores (except for the language score) or between ApoB level and RBANS scores (except for the attention score) was regulated by ApoE rs429358. Our results suggest that patients with schizophrenia have broad cognitive impairment compared with healthy controls. For patients with schizophrenia, both ApoA1 and ApoB levels were positively associated with cognition. There was a significant association between ApoA1 or ApoB levels and cognition in schizophrenia, which was regulated by the ApoE rs429358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwang Rao
- Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Mental Health Centre, Hebei Province, China.,Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Mental Health Centre, Hebei Province, China.,Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Keqing Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Mental Health Centre, Hebei Province, China.,Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Maciejewska K, Czarnecka K, Szymański P. A review of the mechanisms underlying selected comorbidities in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1565-1581. [PMID: 34121170 PMCID: PMC8599320 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to mental deterioration and devastation, and eventually a fatal outcome. AD affects mostly the elderly. AD is frequently accompanied by hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus, and these are significant risk factors of AD. Other conditions triggered by the progression of AD include psychosis, sleep disorders, epilepsy, and depression. One important comorbidity is Down’s syndrome, which directly contributes to the severity and rapid progression of AD. The development of new therapeutic strategies for AD includes the repurposing of drugs currently used for the treatment of comorbidities. A better understanding of the influence of comorbidities on the pathogenesis of AD, and the medications used in its treatment, might allow better control of disease progression, and more effective pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Maciejewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Czarnecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 4 Kozielska St, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Szymański
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 4 Kozielska St, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland.
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Martins-Filho RK, Zotin MC, Rodrigues G, Pontes-Neto O. Biomarkers Related to Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2021; 49:365-374. [PMID: 33045717 DOI: 10.1159/000510053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The damage in the endothelium and the neurovascular unit appears to play a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Although there have been many advances in understanding the physiopathology of this disease, several questions remain unanswered. The association with other degenerative diseases and the heterogeneity of its clinical spectrum establish a diagnostic problem, compromising a better comprehension of the pathology and halting the development of effective treatments. The investigation of biomarkers is an important movement to the development of novel explicative models and treatment targets involved in VCI. METHODS We searched MEDLINE considering the original research based on VCI biomarkers in the past 20 years, following prespecified selection criteria, data extraction, and qualitative synthesis. RESULTS We reviewed 42 articles: 16 investigated plasma markers, 17 analyzed neuropathological markers, 4 studied CSF markers, 4 evaluated neuroimaging markers (ultrasound and MRI), and 1 used peripheral Doppler perfusion imaging. CONCLUSIONS The biomarkers in these studies suggest an intrinsic relationship between endothelial dysfunction and VCI. Nonetheless, there is still a need for identification of a distinctive set of markers that can integrate the clinical approach of VCI, improve diagnostic accuracy, and support the discovery of alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kleber Martins-Filho
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioural Sciences, Hospital das Clínicas - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,
| | - Maria Clara Zotin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radiology Division, Hospital das Clínicas - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rodrigues
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioural Sciences, Hospital das Clínicas - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Octavio Pontes-Neto
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioural Sciences, Hospital das Clínicas - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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21
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Leng F, Edison P. Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here? Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:157-172. [PMID: 33318676 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-00435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1183] [Impact Index Per Article: 394.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease, estimated to contribute 60-70% of all cases of dementia worldwide. According to the prevailing amyloid cascade hypothesis, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is the initiating event in AD, although evidence is accumulating that this hypothesis is insufficient to explain many aspects of AD pathogenesis. The discovery of increased levels of inflammatory markers in patients with AD and the identification of AD risk genes associated with innate immune functions suggest that neuroinflammation has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of AD. In this Review, we discuss the interrelationships between neuroinflammation and amyloid and tau pathologies as well as the effect of neuroinflammation on the disease trajectory in AD. We specifically focus on microglia as major players in neuroinflammation and discuss the spatial and temporal variations in microglial phenotypes that are observed under different conditions. We also consider how these cells could be modulated as a therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Leng
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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22
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Danger-Sensing/Patten Recognition Receptors and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239036. [PMID: 33261147 PMCID: PMC7731137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar aggregates and soluble oligomers of both Amyloid-β peptides (Aβs) and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins (p-Tau-es), as well as a chronic neuroinflammation are the main drivers causing progressive neuronal losses and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are still much disputed. Several endogenous neurotoxic ligands, including Aβs, and/or p-Tau-es activate innate immunity-related danger-sensing/pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) thereby advancing AD’s neuroinflammation and progression. The major PRR families involved include scavenger, Toll-like, NOD-like, AIM2-like, RIG-like, and CLEC-2 receptors, plus the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). This quite intricate picture stresses the need to identify the pathogenetically topmost Aβ-activated PRR, whose signaling would trigger AD’s three main drivers and their intra-brain spread. In theory, the candidate might belong to any PRR family. However, results of preclinical studies using in vitro nontumorigenic human cortical neurons and astrocytes and in vivo AD-model animals have started converging on the CaSR as the pathogenetically upmost PRR candidate. In fact, the CaSR binds both Ca2+ and Aβs and promotes the spread of both Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and AD’s three main drivers, causing a progressive neurons’ death. Since CaSR’s negative allosteric modulators block all these effects, CaSR’s candidacy for topmost pathogenetic PRR has assumed a growing therapeutic potential worth clinical testing.
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23
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Tóth ME, Dukay B, Hoyk Z, Sántha M. Cerebrovascular Changes and Neurodegeneration Related to Hyperlipidemia: Characteristics of the Human ApoB-100 Transgenic Mice. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1486-1494. [PMID: 32067608 PMCID: PMC7403644 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200218101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Serum lipid levels are closely related to the structure and function of blood vessels. Chronic hyperlipidemia may lead to damage in both the cardio- and the cerebrovascular systems. Vascular dysfunctions, including impairments of the blood-brain barrier, are known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. A growing number of evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, may increase the likelihood of developing dementia. Due to differences in lipoprotein metabolism, wild-type mice are protected against diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, and their serum lipid profile is different from that observed in humans. Therefore, several transgenic mouse models have been established to study the role of different apolipoproteins and their receptors in lipid metabolism, as well as the complications related to pathological lipoprotein levels. This mini-review focused on a transgenic mouse model overexpressing an apolipoprotein, the human ApoB-100. We discussed literature data and current advancements on the understanding of ApoB-100 induced cardio- and cerebrovascular lesions in order to demonstrate the involvement of this type of apolipoprotein in a wide range of pathologies, and a link between hyperlipidemia and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda E Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Sezeged, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Dukay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Sezeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hoyk
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Miklós Sántha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Sezeged, Hungary
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24
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Dias IHK, Milic I, Heiss C, Ademowo OS, Polidori MC, Devitt A, Griffiths HR. Inflammation, Lipid (Per)oxidation, and Redox Regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:166-190. [PMID: 31989835 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Inflammation increases during the aging process. It is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mitochondrial macromolecules are critical targets of oxidative damage; they contribute to respiratory uncoupling with increased ROS production, redox stress, and a cycle of senescence, cytokine production, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Targeting the formation or accumulation of oxidized biomolecules, particularly oxidized lipids, in immune cells and mitochondria could be beneficial for age-related inflammation and comorbidities. Recent Advances: Inflammation is central to age-related decline in health and exhibits a complex relationship with mitochondrial redox state and metabolic function. Improvements in mass spectrometric methods have led to the identification of families of oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), cholesterols, and fatty acids that increase during inflammation and which modulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), activator protein 1 (AP1), and NF-κB redox-sensitive transcription factor activity. Critical Issues: The kinetic and spatial resolution of the modified lipidome has profound and sometimes opposing effects on inflammation, promoting initiation at high concentration and resolution at low concentration of OxPLs. Future Directions: There is an emerging opportunity to prevent or delay age-related inflammation and vascular comorbidity through a resolving (oxy)lipidome that is dependent on improving mitochondrial quality control and restoring redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Milic
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Heiss
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Opeyemi S Ademowo
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Ageing Clinical Research, Department II of Internal Medicine and Cologne Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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25
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Abd-Rabo MM, Wahman LF, El Hosary R, Ahmed IS. High-fat diet induced alteration in lipid enzymes and inflammation in cardiac and brain tissues: Assessment of the effects of Atorvastatin-loaded nanoparticles. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22465. [PMID: 32048413 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with Lipitor is associated with several adverse impacts. Here we investigated the effects of low Lipitor nanoparticles (atorvastatin calcium nanopartilcle [AC-NP]), with size less than 100 , on enzymes of lipid metabolism and inflammation in cardiac, hepatic, and brain tissues of hypercholestremic adult male rats. Adult male rats were divided into five experimental groups. In group 1, the intact control (normal pellet diet), animals were fed a normal control diet; the other four groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, groups from 2 to 5 were assigned as a positive control (HFD), HFD + Lipitor, HFD + AC-NP-R1, or HFD + AC-NP-R2. Different treatments were administrated orally for two regimen periods (R1 daily and R2 once every 3 days). The treatment was conducted for two consecutive weeks. The HFD group faced a significant elevation in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), associated with a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) along with cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase enzyme in hepatic tissues, compared with the control group. Also, the HFD group induced hepatic, cardiac, and brain inflammation, evidenced by increased hepatic oxidative stress markers and cardiac homocysteine, together with elevated proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels in brain tissue, compared with the control group. Different AC-NP treatments significantly augmented both mRNA LDL-R and mRNA 7α-hydroxylase expression in hepatic tissues, associated with significant depletion in mRNA HMG-CoA expression, compared with HFD + Lipitor. The inflammation symptoms were ameliorated by the AC-NP treatments, compared to HFD + Lipitor. Lipitor encapsulation in NP formulation results in increased efficiency and reduced dose-related adverse effects known to be associated with the Lipitor chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abd-Rabo
- Department of Hormone, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lobna F Wahman
- Department of Hormone, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania El Hosary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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26
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Ademowo OS, Sharma P, Cockwell P, Reis A, Chapple IL, Griffiths HR, Dias IHK. Distribution of plasma oxidised phosphatidylcholines in chronic kidney disease and periodontitis as a co-morbidity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:130-138. [PMID: 31644951 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis as a co-morbidity have a higher mortality rate than individuals with CKD and no periodontitis. The inflammatory burden associated with both diseases contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We previously demonstrated that periodontitis is associated with increasing circulating markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. We propose that inflammatory oxidised phosphocholines may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD. However, the analysis of oxidised phospholipids has been limited by a lack of authentic standards for absolute quantification. Here, we have developed a comprehensive quantification liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based multiple reaction monitoring method for oxidised phospholipids (including some without available authentic species) that enables us to simultaneously measure twelve oxidised phosphatidylcholine species with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. The standard curves for commercial standards 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PGPC); 1-palmitoyl-2-(9'-oxo-nonanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PONPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PAzPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POVPC), were linear with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99 for all analytes. The method is reproducible, with intra- and inter-day precision <15%, and accuracy within ±5% of nominal values for all analytes. This method has been successfully applied to investigate oxidised phosphatidylcholine in plasma from CKD patients with and without chronic periodontitis and the data that was obtained has been compared to plasma from healthy controls. Comparative analysis demonstrates altered chain fragmented phosphatidylcholine profiles in the plasma samples of patients with CKD and periodontitis as a co-morbidity compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Periodontal Research Group, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Paul Cockwell
- Renal Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Ana Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iain L Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Priestley Road, Guildford, GU2 7YH, UK; Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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27
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Anderson A, Campo A, Fulton E, Corwin A, Jerome WG, O'Connor MS. 7-Ketocholesterol in disease and aging. Redox Biol 2020; 29:101380. [PMID: 31926618 PMCID: PMC6926354 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
7-Ketocholesterol (7KC) is a toxic oxysterol that is associated with many diseases and disabilities of aging, as well as several orphan diseases. 7KC is the most common product of a reaction between cholesterol and oxygen radicals and is the most concentrated oxysterol found in the blood and arterial plaques of coronary artery disease patients as well as various other disease tissues and cell types. Unlike cholesterol, 7KC consistently shows cytotoxicity to cells and its physiological function in humans or other complex organisms is unknown. Oxysterols, particularly 7KC, have also been shown to diffuse through membranes where they affect receptor and enzymatic function. Here, we will explore the known and proposed mechanisms of pathologies that are associated with 7KC, as well speculate about the future of 7KC as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in medicine.
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28
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Liu Y, Zhong X, Shen J, Jiao L, Tong J, Zhao W, Du K, Gong S, Liu M, Wei M. Elevated serum TC and LDL-C levels in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis study. Brain Res 2019; 1727:146554. [PMID: 31765631 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serum lipid levels such as triglyceride and cholesterol has been reported to play an important role in the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, it still remains controversial in different studies. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the importance of serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in AD and MCI patients. PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) system database were used to identify 17 studies (10 AD-only + 4 MCI-only + 3 shared AD/MCI), including 2333 cases and 3615 healthy controls (HC). We found that compared with HC, both the serum TC levels [SMD = 0.58; 95%CI (0.25, 0.90); P = 0.001) and the serum LDL-C levels [SMD = 0.7780; 95%CI (0.3940, 1.1521); P = 0.000] were higher in cognitive impairment population (including AD and MCI) than those in HC, respectively. Furthermore, we analyzed the serum TC and LDL-C levels in AD and MCI patients. We found that the serum TC levels [SMD = 0.76; 95% CI (0.13, 1.40); P = 0.019]1 and the LDL-C levels [SMD = 1.40; 95% CI (0.70, 2.10; P = 0.000] were increased in AD patients. In the MCI patients, the serum TC levels [SMD = 0.30; 95%CI (0.01, 0.59); P = 0.041] had a significantly upward trend, while the LDL-C levels had no significant change, compared with HC subjects. However, there is no significant changes in HDL-C and TG levels in AD or MCI patients. Therefore, our results suggested that the elevated TC and LDL-C levels may be a potential risk factor for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Linchi Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junhui Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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29
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Wu Y, Lu D, Xu A. The effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on thrombolysis-induced haemorrhagic transformation. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 69:1-6. [PMID: 31521472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombolysis-induced haemorrhagic transformation is the most challenging preventable complication in thrombolytic therapy. This condition is often associated with poor functional outcome and long-term disease burden. Statins, or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are controversially suggested to either increase or decrease the odds of better primary outcomes compared to treatment without statins after thrombolysis in patients or animals; statins are thought to act by influencing lipid levels, the inflammatory response, blood brain barrier permeability and cell apoptosis. Statins are the cornerstone of secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the role of statins in acute phase stroke, and the necessity of their use, remains unclear. Currently, whether statins can increase the risk of haemorrhagic transformation is of great concern for patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Herein, we thoroughly summarize the recent advances that address whether the administration of statins in ischaemic stroke increases haemorrhagic transformation in patients or animals who received thrombolysis at an early stage and the related mechanisms. This review will provide more clinical and preclinical evidence to address questions regarding the exercise of caution in the use of high dose statins in patients who received thrombolysis and if low dose statins may be beneficial in decreasing thrombolysis-induced haemorrhagic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousheng Wu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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30
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Dias IH, Brown CL, Shabir K, Polidori MC, Griffiths HR. miRNA 933 Expression by Endothelial Cells is Increased by 27-Hydroxycholesterol and is More Prevalent in Plasma from Dementia Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:1009-1017. [PMID: 29966198 PMCID: PMC6087455 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) etiology is complex; gene and environmental risk factors may interact to predispose to disease. From single nucleotide polymorphism analyses and genome-wide association studies, a number of candidate risk genes for the onset of AD have been identified and cluster around lipid metabolism and inflammation. We hypothesized that endothelial cells which line the blood-brain barrier are likely to be critical mediators of systemic metabolism within the brain. Therefore, we have studied the effect of 27 hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) on microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) redox state, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and microRNA (miR) expression. Using a transwell method, we have studied directional secretion profiles for the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 and confirmed that 27-OHC induces discrete and directional inflammatory molecular signatures from HMVEC. The lipids caused depletion of cellular glutathione and cytokine secretion is HMVEC-redox state-dependent. Discovery miR expression change in HMVEC with and without 27-OHC treatment was undertaken. We selected three genes for further analysis by qPCR; miR-144 and 146 expression, which are anti-inflammatory and redox regulating modulators, were not affected significantly by 27-OHC. However, increased expression of a putative neurotrophic regulatory factor miR933 in HMVEC with 27-OHC was confirmed by qPCR. In plasma from patients with dementia, all three miR were found at significantly elevated levels compared to healthy older adults. These data highlight that 27-OHC has an important regulatory effect on endothelial microvascular cells to increase expression of a miR (–933) and secretion of inflammatory cytokines that are elevated in plasma from dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H.K. Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline L. Brown
- Life and Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kiran Shabir
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. Cristina Polidori
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
- Ageing Clinical Research, Department Medicine II, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, UK
- Correspondence to: Professor Helen R. Griffiths, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK. Tel.: +44 1483 689586; E-mail:
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31
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Khan MA, Alam Q, Haque A, Ashafaq M, Khan MJ, Ashraf GM, Ahmad M. Current Progress on Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Agonist as an Emerging Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: An Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:232-246. [PMID: 30152284 PMCID: PMC6425074 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180828100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β within the brain parenchyma resulting in a significant decline in cognitive functions. The pathophysiological conditions of the disease are recognized by the perturbation of synaptic function, energy and lipid metabolism. In Addition deposition of amyloid plaques also triggers inflammation upon the induction of microglia. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors known to play important role in the regulation of glucose ab-sorption, homeostasis of lipid metabolism and are further known to involved in repressing the expression of genes related to inflammation. Therefore, agonists of this receptor represent an attractive therapeutic target for AD. Recently, both clinical and preclinical studies showed that use of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist improves both learning and memory along with other AD related pathology. Thus, PPARγ signifies a significant new therapeutic target in treating AD. In this review, we have shed some light on the recent progress of how, PPARγ agonist selectively modulated different cellular targets in AD and its amazing potential in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Qamre Alam
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Absarul Haque
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ashafaq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahboob Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur-2613013, India
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Peña-Bautista C, Baquero M, Vento M, Cháfer-Pericás C. Free radicals in Alzheimer's disease: Lipid peroxidation biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 491:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tong XK, Trigiani LJ, Hamel E. High cholesterol triggers white matter alterations and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of cerebrovascular disease: benefits of simvastatin. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:89. [PMID: 30692517 PMCID: PMC6349936 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice overexpressing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF mice) display impaired cerebrovascular reactivity, cerebral hypoperfusion and neurovascular uncoupling, but no overt cognitive deficits until old age. Cardiovascular diseases are a major risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). We investigated the impact of a high cholesterol diet (HCD) on cerebrovascular and cognitive function in adult (6 months) and aged (12 months) TGF mice, together with the potential benefit of simvastatin (SV), an anti-cholesterol drug with pleiotropic effects, in adult mice. HCD increased blood, but not brain, cholesterol levels in treated mice, which SV did not reduce. In WT mice, HCD induced small, albeit significant, impairment in endothelium-dependent dilatory function. In TGF mice, HCD worsened the established brain vessel dilatory dysfunction in an age-dependent manner and increased the number of string vessels in the white matter (WM), alterations respectively normalized and significantly countered by SV. HCD triggered cognitive decline only in TGF mice at both ages, a deficit prevented by SV. Concurrently, HCD upregulated galectin−3 immunoreactivity in WM microglial cells, a response significantly reduced in SV-treated TGF mice. Grey matter astrogliosis and microgliosis were not affected by HCD or SV. In the subventricular zone of adult HCD-treated TGF mice, SV promoted oligogenesis and migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The results demonstrate that an underlying cerebrovascular pathology increases vulnerability to cognitive failure when combined to another risk factor for dementia, and that WM alterations are associated with this loss of function. The results further indicate that myelin repair mechanisms, as triggered by SV, may bear promise in preventing or delaying cognitive decline related to VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Kang Tong
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, H3A 2B4, QC, Canada
| | - Lianne J Trigiani
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, H3A 2B4, QC, Canada
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, H3A 2B4, QC, Canada.
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Zhu XC, Dai WZ, Ma T. Overview the effect of statin therapy on dementia risk, cognitive changes and its pathologic change: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:435. [PMID: 30596065 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies have reported on the role of statin therapy in dementia, but its efficacy remains controversial. We aimed to search for reliable and meaningful articles to assess the efficacy of statin therapy for dementia risk, cognitive items, and pathologic markers. Methods Related literature for this study was published in the period from January 1, 1987 to January 1, 2018. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) estimates were pooled in either fixed or random effects models. Results A total of 23 relevant studies were included after the application of the search strategy. The pooled results showed that statin therapy would downregulate dementia risk according to an analysis of 1,314,431 dementia patients and 1,836,539 healthy controls (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.81). In addition, specific changes in mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score were observed in individuals with dementia with statin therapy (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.74). However, the results of this meta-analysis showed that statin therapy did not significantly modify the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) score (OR: -0.26, 95% CI: -1.13, 0.62). No significant association was found between statin therapy and activities of daily living performance (OR: -0.69, 95% CI: -4.12, 2.74). When investigating pathological markers, our results indicated a significant influence of statin therapy on plasma amyloid β40 (Aβ40) (OR: 9.27, 95% CI: 0.71, 17.84), plasma Aβ42 (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.07, 4.13), plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR: -16.95, 95% CI: -25.54, -8.37), plasma lathosterol (OR: -0.11, 95% CI: -0.14, -0.07), plasma 24s-hydroxycholesterol (OR: -10.41, 95% CI: -15.57, -5.25), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lathosterol (OR: -0.07, 95% CI: -0.12, -0.01). Conclusions The available data indicate that statin therapy may reduce dementia risk, altering cognitive items and pathologic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Wen-Zhuo Dai
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
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Bermejo-Martin JF, Martín-Fernandez M, López-Mestanza C, Duque P, Almansa R. Shared Features of Endothelial Dysfunction between Sepsis and Its Preceding Risk Factors (Aging and Chronic Disease). J Clin Med 2018; 7:E400. [PMID: 30380785 PMCID: PMC6262336 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute vascular endothelial dysfunction is a central event in the pathogenesis of sepsis, increasing vascular permeability, promoting activation of the coagulation cascade, tissue edema and compromising perfusion of vital organs. Aging and chronic diseases (hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, liver disease, or cancer) are recognized risk factors for sepsis. In this article we review the features of endothelial dysfunction shared by sepsis, aging and the chronic conditions preceding this disease. Clinical studies and review articles on endothelial dysfunction in sepsis, aging and chronic diseases available in PubMed were considered. The main features of endothelial dysfunction shared by sepsis, aging and chronic diseases were: (1) increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, (2) glycocalyx degradation and shedding, (3) disassembly of intercellular junctions, endothelial cell death, blood-tissue barrier disruption, (4) enhanced leukocyte adhesion and extravasation, (5) induction of a pro-coagulant and anti-fibrinolytic state. In addition, chronic diseases impair the mechanisms of endothelial reparation. In conclusion, sepsis, aging and chronic diseases induce similar features of endothelial dysfunction. The potential contribution of pre-existent endothelial dysfunction to sepsis pathogenesis deserves to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus F Bermejo-Martin
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (Bio∙Sepsis), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid/IECSCYL, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes, CB06/06/0028), Instituto de salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Martín-Fernandez
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (Bio∙Sepsis), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid/IECSCYL, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Cristina López-Mestanza
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (Bio∙Sepsis), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid/IECSCYL, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Duque
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Almansa
- Group for Biomedical Research in Sepsis (Bio∙Sepsis), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid/IECSCYL, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red-Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes, CB06/06/0028), Instituto de salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Testa G, Rossin D, Poli G, Biasi F, Leonarduzzi G. Implication of oxysterols in chronic inflammatory human diseases. Biochimie 2018; 153:220-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ostroumova OD, Chikh EV, Rebrova EV, Ryazanova AY. Statin Therapy and Cognitive Impairment: Benefit or Harm? RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-4-529-536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are now widely used drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia, effective drugs for lowering the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and also for reducing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. It is believed that statins are well tolerated. However, the potential relationship between statins and cognitive impairment in some people is assumed. This review paper was written in the light of the search for information on a specific problem of the potential adverse effects of statins on the cognitive function. The purpose of the article is to seek advice for health professionals on monitoring and reducing the risk of potential cognitive impairment during statin therapy. Rosuvastatin may be safer amongst statins in terms of influencing cognitive function. Evaluation of cognitive dysfunction in patients before starting therapy with statins is not necessary. Therapy with statins is not accompanied by a risk of developing cognitive dysfunction according to cohort and randomized studies. The presence of cognitive dysfunction and the exclusion of other possible causes of it, as well as the evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio for the abolition of statin therapy, are necessary in detecting cognitive dysfunction during statin therapy. A decrease in the dose of statin or the cessation of its use to assess the reversibility of symptoms is possible on the basis of the individual characteristics of the patient. Alternative replacement for another inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase should occur if the statin is discontinued. A drug that less penetrates the blood-brain barrier, for example rosuvastatin, is more preferable.
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Cacabelos R. Pleiotropy and promiscuity in pharmacogenomics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related risk factors. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2017-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease are current consumers of polypharmacy with a high risk for drug–drug interactions. Antidementia drugs and other pharmacological treatments for vascular risk factors associated with dementia exert pleiotropic effects which are promiscuously regulated by different gene products. The aim of this review is to highlight the influence of genes involved in pharmacogenetics (i.e., pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter and pleiotropic genes) as major determinants of response to treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Patients harboring poor or ultrarapid geno-phenotypes display more irregular profiles in drug efficacy and safety than extensive or intermediate metabolizers. Polymorphic variants of genes associated with lipid metabolism influence the therapeutic response to hypolipemic agents. Understanding these effects is very useful for optimizing polytherapy in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science & Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Continental University Medical School, Huancayo, Peru
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Inflammation as a Possible Link Between Dyslipidemia and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 376:127-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Li R, Wang TJ, Lyu PY, Liu Y, Chen WH, Fan MY, Xu J. Effects of Plasma Lipids and Statins on Cognitive Function. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:471-476. [PMID: 29451153 PMCID: PMC5830833 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.225062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Dementia is the fourth most common cause of death in developed countries. The relationship between plasma lipids and cognitive function is complex and controversial. Due to the increasing life expectancy of the population, there is an urgent need to control vascular risk factors and to identify therapies to prevent and treat both cognitive impairment and dementia. Here, we reviewed the effects of plasma lipids and statins on cognitive function. DATA SOURCES: We searched the PubMed database for research articles published through November 2017 with key words including "plasma lipids," "hyperlipidemia," "hypercholesterolemia," "statins," and "cognition function." STUDY SELECTION: Articles were retrieved and reviewed to analyze the effects of plasma lipids and statins on cognitive function and the mechanisms underlying these effects. RESULTS: Many studies have examined the relationship between plasma lipids and cognitive function, but no definitive conclusions can be drawn. The mechanisms involved may include blood-brain barrier injury, the influence on small blood vessels in the brain, the influence on amyloid deposition, and a neuroprotective effect. To date, most studies of statins and cognition have been observational, with few randomized controlled trials. Therefore, firm conclusions regarding whether mid- or long-term statin use affects cognition function and dementia remain elusive. However, increasing concern exists that statins may be a causative factor for cognitive problems. These adverse effects appear to be rare and likely represent a yet-to-be-defined vulnerability in susceptible individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The association between plasma lipids and cognition, the mechanism of the influence of plasma lipids on cognitive function, and the association between statins and cognitive function are complex issues and currently not fully understood. Future research aimed at identifying the mechanisms that underlie the effects of plasma lipids and statins on cognition will not only provide important insight into the causes and interdependencies of cognitive impairment and dementia, but also inspire novel strategies for treating and preventing these cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Tian-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Lyu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Wei-Hong Chen
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Ming-Yue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
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Dias IHK, Milic I, Lip GYH, Devitt A, Polidori MC, Griffiths HR. Simvastatin reduces circulating oxysterol levels in men with hypercholesterolaemia. Redox Biol 2018; 16:139-145. [PMID: 29501047 PMCID: PMC5952874 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols (OHC) are biologically active cholesterol metabolites circulating in plasma that may be formed enzymatically (e.g. 24S-OHC, 25-OHC and 27-OHC) or by autoxidative mechanisms (e.g. 7-ketocholesterol, 7β-OHC and 25-OHC). Oxysterols are more soluble than cholesterol and are reported to exert inflammatory, cytoprotective and apoptotic effects according to concentration and species. Esterified oxysterols have been analysed in people with dementia and cardiovascular diseases although there is no consistent relationship between oxysterol esters and disease. However, oxysterol esters are held in lipoprotein core and may not relate to the concentration and activity of plasma free oxysterols. Methodological limitations have challenged the analysis of free oxysterols to date. We have developed a fast, sensitive and specific quantitative LC-MS/MS, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method to target five oxysterols in human plasma with analyte recoveries between 72% and 82% and sensitivities between 5 and 135 pg/ml. A novel method was used to investigate the hypothesis that simvastatin may reduce the concentrations of specific plasma free oxysterols in hypercholesterolaemia. Twenty healthy male volunteers were recruited (aged 41-63 years); ten were asymptomatic with high plasma cholesterol > 6.5 mM and ten were healthy with normal plasma cholesterol (< 6.5 mM). Simvastatin (40 mg/day) was prescribed to those with hypercholesterolaemia. Plasma samples were taken from both groups at baseline and after three months. Simvastatin reduced plasma cholesterol by ~35% (p < 0.05) at the end of three months. Oxysterols generated by autoxidation (but not enzymatically) were elevated up to 45 fold in hypercholesterolaemic midlife men. Plasma oxysterols were restored to those of healthy controls after simvastatin intervention suggesting that autoxidation is either prevented by simvastatin directly or that autoxidation is less prevalent when plasma cholesterol concentrations are within the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Ivana Milic
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - M Cristina Polidori
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Ageing Clinical Research, Department Medicine II, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Cacabelos R, Meyyazhagan A, Carril JC, Cacabelos P, Teijido Ó. Pharmacogenetics of Vascular Risk Factors in Alzheimer's Disease. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8010003. [PMID: 29301387 PMCID: PMC5872077 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a polygenic/complex disorder in which genomic, epigenomic, cerebrovascular, metabolic, and environmental factors converge to define a progressive neurodegenerative phenotype. Pharmacogenetics is a major determinant of therapeutic outcome in AD. Different categories of genes are potentially involved in the pharmacogenetic network responsible for drug efficacy and safety, including pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter, and pleiotropic genes. However, most drugs exert pleiotropic effects that are promiscuously regulated for different gene products. Only 20% of the Caucasian population are extensive metabolizers for tetragenic haplotypes integrating CYP2D6-CYP2C19-CYP2C9-CYP3A4/5 variants. Patients harboring CYP-related poor (PM) and/or ultra-rapid (UM) geno-phenotypes display more irregular profiles in drug metabolism than extensive (EM) or intermediate (IM) metabolizers. Among 111 pentagenic (APOE-APOB-APOC3-CETP-LPL) haplotypes associated with lipid metabolism, carriers of the H26 haplotype (23-TT-CG-AG-CC) exhibit the lowest cholesterol levels, and patients with the H104 haplotype (44-CC-CC-AA-CC) are severely hypercholesterolemic. Furthermore, APOE, NOS3, ACE, AGT, and CYP variants influence the therapeutic response to hypotensive drugs in AD patients with hypertension. Consequently, the implementation of pharmacogenetic procedures may optimize therapeutics in AD patients under polypharmacy regimes for the treatment of concomitant vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Continental University Medical School, Huancayo 12000, Peru.
| | - Juan C Carril
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Continental University Medical School, Huancayo 12000, Peru.
| | - Pablo Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Continental University Medical School, Huancayo 12000, Peru.
| | - Óscar Teijido
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Continental University Medical School, Huancayo 12000, Peru.
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Ademowo OS, Dias HKI, Burton DGA, Griffiths HR. Lipid (per) oxidation in mitochondria: an emerging target in the ageing process? Biogerontology 2017; 18:859-879. [PMID: 28540446 PMCID: PMC5684309 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are essential for physiological processes such as maintaining membrane integrity, providing a source of energy and acting as signalling molecules to control processes including cell proliferation, metabolism, inflammation and apoptosis. Disruption of lipid homeostasis can promote pathological changes that contribute towards biological ageing and age-related diseases. Several age-related diseases have been associated with altered lipid metabolism and an elevation in highly damaging lipid peroxidation products; the latter has been ascribed, at least in part, to mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated ROS formation. In addition, senescent cells, which are known to contribute significantly to age-related pathologies, are also associated with impaired mitochondrial function and changes in lipid metabolism. Therapeutic targeting of dysfunctional mitochondrial and pathological lipid metabolism is an emerging strategy for alleviating their negative impact during ageing and the progression to age-related diseases. Such therapies could include the use of drugs that prevent mitochondrial uncoupling, inhibit inflammatory lipid synthesis, modulate lipid transport or storage, reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and eliminate senescent cells from tissues. In this review, we provide an overview of lipid structure and function, with emphasis on mitochondrial lipids and their potential for therapeutic targeting during ageing and age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Ademowo
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - H K I Dias
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - D G A Burton
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - H R Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
- Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Ademowo OS, Dias HKI, Milic I, Devitt A, Moran R, Mulcahy R, Howard AN, Nolan JM, Griffiths HR. Phospholipid oxidation and carotenoid supplementation in Alzheimer's disease patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:77-85. [PMID: 28315450 PMCID: PMC5488966 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease, characterised by decline of memory, cognitive function and changes in behaviour. Generic markers of lipid peroxidation are increased in AD and reactive oxygen species have been suggested to be involved in the aetiology of cognitive decline. Carotenoids are depleted in AD serum, therefore we have compared serum lipid oxidation between AD and age-matched control subjects before and after carotenoid supplementation. The novel oxidised phospholipid biomarker 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) was analysed using electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), 8-isoprostane (IsoP) was measured by ELISA and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) was measured by a colorimetric assay. AD patients (n=21) and healthy age-matched control subjects (n=16) were supplemented with either Macushield™ (10mg meso-zeaxanthin, 10mg lutein, 2mg zeaxanthin) or placebo (sunflower oil) for six months. The MRM-MS method determined serum POVPC sensitively (from 10µl serum) and reproducibly (CV=7.9%). At baseline, AD subjects had higher serum POVPC compared to age-matched controls, (p=0.017) and cognitive function was correlated inversely with POVPC (r=-0.37; p=0.04). After six months of carotenoid intervention, serum POVPC was not different in AD patients compared to healthy controls. However, POVPC was significantly higher in control subjects after six months of carotenoid intervention compared to their baseline (p=0.03). Serum IsoP concentration was unrelated to disease or supplementation. Serum FRAP was significantly lower in AD than healthy controls but was unchanged by carotenoid intervention (p=0.003). In conclusion, serum POVPC is higher in AD patients compared to control subjects, is not reduced by carotenoid supplementation and correlates with cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Ademowo
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - H K I Dias
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - I Milic
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Devitt
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Moran
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - R Mulcahy
- Waterford University Hospital, Age-related Care Unit, Waterford, Ireland
| | - A N Howard
- Howard Foundation, Cambridge, UK; Downing College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J M Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - H R Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Changes in brain oxysterols at different stages of Alzheimer's disease: Their involvement in neuroinflammation. Redox Biol 2016; 10:24-33. [PMID: 27687218 PMCID: PMC5040635 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradually debilitating disease that leads to dementia. The molecular mechanisms underlying AD are still not clear, and at present no reliable biomarkers are available for the early diagnosis. In the last several years, together with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, altered cholesterol metabolism in the brain has become increasingly implicated in AD progression. A significant body of evidence indicates that oxidized cholesterol, in the form of oxysterols, is one of the main triggers of AD. The oxysterols potentially most closely involved in the pathogenesis of AD are 24-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol, respectively deriving from cholesterol oxidation by the enzymes CYP46A1 and CYP27A1. However, the possible involvement of oxysterols resulting from cholesterol autooxidation, including 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, is now emerging. In a systematic analysis of oxysterols in post-mortem human AD brains, classified by the Braak staging system of neurofibrillary pathology, alongside the two oxysterols of enzymatic origin, a variety of oxysterols deriving from cholesterol autoxidation were identified; these included 7-ketocholesterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 4β-hydroxycholesterol, 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol, and 5β,6β-epoxycholesterol. Their levels were quantified and compared across the disease stages. Some inflammatory mediators, and the proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloprotease-9, were also found to be enhanced in the brains, depending on disease progression. This highlights the pathogenic association between the trends of inflammatory molecules and oxysterol levels during the evolution of AD. Conversely, sirtuin 1, an enzyme that regulates several pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory response, was reduced markedly with the progression of AD, supporting the hypothesis that the loss of sirtuin 1 might play a key role in AD. Taken together, these results strongly support the association between changes in oxysterol levels and AD progression.
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Mendiola-Precoma J, Berumen LC, Padilla K, Garcia-Alcocer G. Therapies for Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2589276. [PMID: 27547756 PMCID: PMC4980501 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2589276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia associated with a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with a prevalence of 44 million people throughout the world in 2015, and this figure is estimated to double by 2050. This disease is characterized by blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and hypometabolism; it is related to amyloid-β peptide accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation as well as a decrease in acetylcholine levels and a reduction of cerebral blood flow. Obesity is a major risk factor for AD, because it induces adipokine dysregulation, which consists of the release of the proinflammatory adipokines and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines, among other processes. The pharmacological treatments for AD can be divided into two categories: symptomatic treatments such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and etiology-based treatments such as secretase inhibitors, amyloid binders, and tau therapies. Strategies for prevention of AD through nonpharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle interventions such as exercise, mental challenges, and socialization as well as caloric restriction and a healthy diet. AD is an important health issue on which all people should be informed so that prevention strategies that minimize the risk of its development may be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mendiola-Precoma
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - L. C. Berumen
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - K. Padilla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - G. Garcia-Alcocer
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
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Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Shi X, Mallet RT. Intermittent hypoxia training protects cerebrovascular function in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1351-63. [PMID: 27190276 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216649060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of death and disability among older adults. Modifiable vascular risk factors for AD (VRF) include obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, and metabolic syndrome. Here, interactions between cerebrovascular function and development of AD are reviewed, as are interventions to improve cerebral blood flow and reduce VRF. Atherosclerosis and small vessel cerebral disease impair metabolic regulation of cerebral blood flow and, along with microvascular rarefaction and altered trans-capillary exchange, create conditions favoring AD development. Although currently there are no definitive therapies for treatment or prevention of AD, reduction of VRFs lowers the risk for cognitive decline. There is increasing evidence that brief repeated exposures to moderate hypoxia, i.e. intermittent hypoxic training (IHT), improve cerebral vascular function and reduce VRFs including systemic hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and mental stress. In experimental AD, IHT nearly prevented endothelial dysfunction of both cerebral and extra-cerebral blood vessels, rarefaction of the brain vascular network, and the loss of neurons in the brain cortex. Associated with these vasoprotective effects, IHT improved memory and lessened AD pathology. IHT increases endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), thereby increasing regional cerebral blood flow and augmenting the vaso- and neuroprotective effects of endothelial NO. On the other hand, in AD excessive production of NO in microglia, astrocytes, and cortical neurons generates neurotoxic peroxynitrite. IHT enhances storage of excessive NO in the form of S-nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD, and IHT reduces oxidative stress in a number of experimental pathologies. Beneficial effects of IHT in experimental neuropathologies other than AD, including dyscirculatory encephalopathy, ischemic stroke injury, audiogenic epilepsy, spinal cord injury, and alcohol withdrawal stress have also been reported. Further research on the potential benefits of IHT in AD and other brain pathologies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia B Manukhina
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russian Federation
| | - H Fred Downey
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA
| | - Xiangrong Shi
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA
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Rej S, Saleem M, Herrmann N, Stefatos A, Rau A, Lanctôt KL. Serum low-density lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognition in patients with coronary artery disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2913-2920. [PMID: 27877045 PMCID: PMC5108559 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s115505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Statins have been associated with decreased cognition due to the effects of low concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on brain function. This has remained controversial and is particularly relevant to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), who have an increased risk of cognitive decline and are frequently prescribed statins. This study hypothesized that low concentration of LDL is associated with poor cognition in CAD patients using statins. It also explored the association between high-dose versus low-dose statins on cognition in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Baseline cross-sectional data from a longitudinal study of 120 statin-using CAD patients were examined (mean statin duration 25±43 months). The main outcomes were measures of global cognition and cognitive domains, with poor cognition defined as cognitive performance ≤1 standard deviation below the population age and education adjusted means. A battery of cognitive tests was used to assess verbal memory, executive function, speed of processing, visuospatial memory, and global cognition. Adjusting for age, sex, education, and other covariates, multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed associations between low LDL levels (<1.5 mmol/L), statin use, and poor cognition. RESULTS LDL levels were not associated with global cognition or individual cognitive domains. High-dose statin use was associated with higher visuospatial memory (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI] =0.12 [0.02-0.66], P=0.01) and executive functioning (OR =0.25 [0.06-0.99], P=0.05). This effect was independent of covariates such as LDL levels. CONCLUSION Low LDL levels do not appear to be associated with poor cognition in CAD patients using statins. Whether high-dose statin use may have positive effects on cognition in CAD patients could be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahwesh Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto; Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry; Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Anthi Stefatos
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Allison Rau
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Psychiatry; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto; Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON
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