1
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Ren H, Shao Y, Ma X, An L, Liu Y, Wang Q. Interaction of circulating TGFβ regulatory miRNAs in different severity of diabetic kidney disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:285-299. [PMID: 35147479 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2034884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the interaction of TGFβ regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) with different severities of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS According to different UACR (30 and 300 mg/g), 436 subjects were included, and high glucose induced RMCs were cultured. Real-time PCR, ELISA, and automatic biochemical analysis were used to measure miRNAs, TGFβ1, and other biochemical indicators in serum and RMCs. Target genes of miRNA were predicted and visualised by bioinformatics. RESULTS HbA1c, TGFβ1, miR-217, and miR-224 in T2DM patients increased with UACR, while miR-192 and miR-216a decreased. Ln UACR was positively correlated with HbA1c, TGFβ1, miR-217, and miR-224, and negatively correlated with miR-192 and miR-216a. High glucose and TGFβ1 affected miRNAs and these miRNAs affected each other. The miRNA target genes mainly revolve around PTEN, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signalling pathways. CONCLUSION TGFβ regulatory miRNAs and different severity of DKD have a potential interaction regulating fibrosis through PTEN, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- The Cadre Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tieling Central Hospital, Tieling, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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2
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Kasula V, Padala V, Gupta N, Doyle D, Bagheri K, Anastasio A, Adams SB. The Use of Extracellular Vesicles in Achilles Tendon Repair: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:942. [PMID: 38790904 PMCID: PMC11117955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon (AT) pathologies are common musculoskeletal conditions that can significantly impair function. Despite various traditional treatments, recovery is often slow and may not restore full functionality. The use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option due to their role in cell signaling and tissue regeneration. This systematic review aims to consolidate current in vivo animal study findings on the therapeutic effects of EVs on AT injuries. An extensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases for in vivo animal studies examining the effects of EVs on AT pathologies. The extracted variables included but were not limited to the study design, type of EVs used, administration methods, efficacy of treatment, and proposed therapeutic mechanisms. After screening, 18 studies comprising 800 subjects were included. All but one study reported that EVs augmented wound healing processes in the AT. The most proposed mechanisms through which this occurred were gene regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the enhancement of macrophage polarization, and the delivery of therapeutic microRNAs to the injury site. Further research is warranted to not only explore the therapeutic potential of EVs in the context of AT pathologies, but also to establish protocols for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kasula
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Vikram Padala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nithin Gupta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - David Doyle
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, MI 48602, USA
| | - Kian Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Albert Anastasio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Samuel Bruce Adams
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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3
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Deng B, Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang D, Cheng L, Su P, Yu T, Bao G, Li G, Hong L, Miao X, Yang W, Wang R, Xie J. Novel Peptide DR3penA as a Low-Toxicity Antirenal Fibrosis Agent by Suppressing the TGF-β1/miR-212-5p/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Class a Domain Containing 4/Smad Axis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1126-1141. [PMID: 38633584 PMCID: PMC11020069 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a complex pathological process that contributes to the development of chronic kidney disease due to various risk factors. Conservative treatment to curb progression without dialysis or renal transplantation is widely applicable, but its effectiveness is limited. Here, the inhibitory effect of the novel peptide DR3penA (DHα-(4-pentenyl)-AlaNPQIR-NH2), which was developed by our group, on renal fibrosis was assessed in cells and mice with established fibrosis and fibrosis triggered by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), unilateral ureteral obstruction, and repeated low-dose cisplatin. DR3penA preserved renal function and ameliorated renal fibrosis at a dose approximately 100 times lower than that of captopril, which is currently used in the clinic. DR3penA also significantly reduced existing fibrosis and showed similar efficacy after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection. Mechanistically, DR3penA repressed TGF-β1 signaling via miR-212-5p targeting of low-density lipoprotein receptor class a domain containing 4, which interacts with Smad2/3. In addition to having good pharmacological effects, DR3penA could preferentially target injured kidneys and exhibited low toxicity in acute and chronic toxicity experiments. These results unveil the advantages of DR3penA regarding efficacy and toxicity, making it a potential candidate compound for renal fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochuan Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Medical
Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University
Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ping Su
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tingli Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangjun Bao
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University
Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liang Hong
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecular and Drug Discovery,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen
University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaokang Miao
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenle Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute
of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union
Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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4
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Tang S, An X, Sun W, Zhang Y, Yang C, Kang X, Sun Y, Jiang L, Zhao X, Gao Q, Ji H, Lian F. Parallelism and non-parallelism in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336123. [PMID: 38419958 PMCID: PMC10899692 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), as microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, are currently the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and blindness, respectively, in the adult working population, and they are major public health problems with social and economic burdens. The parallelism between the two in the process of occurrence and development manifests in the high overlap of disease-causing risk factors and pathogenesis, high rates of comorbidity, mutually predictive effects, and partial concordance in the clinical use of medications. However, since the two organs, the eye and the kidney, have their unique internal environment and physiological processes, each with specific influencing molecules, and the target organs have non-parallelism due to different pathological changes and responses to various influencing factors, this article provides an overview of the parallelism and non-parallelism between DN and DR to further recognize the commonalities and differences between the two diseases and provide references for early diagnosis, clinical guidance on the use of medication, and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Fangshan Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cunqing Yang
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hangyu Ji
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang’an Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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He K, Zhou X, Zhao J, Du H, Guo J, Deng R, Wang J. Identification and Functional Mechanism Verification of Novel MicroRNAs Associated with the Fibrosis Progression in Chronic Kidney Disease. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10688-7. [PMID: 38316653 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious threat to human health worldwide, and its incidence is increasing annually. A growing amount of information is emerging about the role of micoRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of renal fibrosis, which has aroused interest in the development of drugs that block pathogenic miRNAs or restore protective miRNAs levels. To clarify the role of miRNAs in CKD, we selected patients with significant renal fibrotic disease (diabetic nephropathy (DN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)) as the disease group, and patients with little or no renal fibrotic disease (minimal change disease (MCD) and renal carcinoma adjacent to normal kidney) as controls. Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained by human kidney tissue sequencing, subsequently verified in mice models of DN and FSGS, and subsequently inhibited or overexpressed in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) stimulated by high glucose (HG) and TGF-β1 in vitro. Therefore, the mechanism of its action in renal fibrosis was further elaborated. Finally, the downstream target genes of the corresponding miRNAs were verified by bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR, western blot and double luciferase report analysis. Two novel miRNAs, hsa-miR-1470-3p (miR-1470) and hsa-miR-4483-3p (miR-4483), were detected by renal tissue sequencing in the disease group with significant renal fibrosis (DN and FSGS) and the control group with little or no renal fibrosis (MCD and normal renal tissue adjacent to renal carcinoma). Subsequent human renal tissue qRT-PCR verified that the expression of miR-1470 was significantly increased, while the expression of miR-4483 was markedly decreased in the disease group (p < 0.05). Moreover, in vivo DN and FSGS mice models, the expression levels of miR-1470 and miR-4483 were consistent with the results of human kidney tissue. In vitro, miR-4483 was suppressed, whereas miR-1470 was induced by treatment with TGF-β1 or HG. Inhibition of miR-1470 or overexpression of miR-4483 promoted HG or TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in HK-2 cells. Further study revealed that MMP-13 and TIMP1 were the target genes ofmiR-1470 and miR-4483, respectively. Our study identifies newly dysregulated miRNA profiles related to fibrosis kidneys. miR-1470 and miR-4483 are demonstrated to participate in kidney fibrosis by regulation of MMP-13, TIMP1 respectively. Our results may represent a promising research direction for renal disorders and help identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying He
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxuan Du
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Xi'an Huyi District Hospital Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Kim Y, Kang D, Choi GE, Kim SD, Yang SJ, Kim H, You D, Kim CS, Suh N. Therapeutic potential of BMSC-conditioned medium in an in vitro model of renal fibrosis using the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line. BMB Rep 2024; 57:116-121. [PMID: 38303564 PMCID: PMC10910087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (BMSC-CM) on immortalized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC/ TERT1) in a fibrotic environment. To replicate the increased stiffness characteristic of kidneys in chronic kidney disease, we utilized polyacrylamide gel platforms. A stiff matrix was shown to increase α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels, indicating fibrogenic activation in RPTEC/TERT1 cells. Interestingly, treatment with BMSC-CM resulted in significant reductions in the levels of fibrotic markers (α-SMA and vimentin) and increases in the levels of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and aquaporin 7, particularly under stiff conditions. Furthermore, BMSC-CM modified microRNA (miRNA) expression and reduced oxidative stress levels in these cells. Our findings suggest that BMSC-CM can modulate cellular morphology, miRNA expression, and oxidative stress in RPTEC/TERT1 cells, highlighting its therapeutic potential in fibrotic kidney disease. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(2): 116-121].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Dayeon Kang
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Ga-eun Choi
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Sang Dae Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | | | - Hyosang Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Dalsan You
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Choung Soo Kim
- Urology Institute, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Nayoung Suh
- Department of Medical Sciences, General Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
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Hagiwara S, Gohda T, Kantharidis P, Okabe J, Murakoshi M, Suzuki Y. Potential of Modulating Aldosterone Signaling and Mineralocorticoid Receptor with microRNAs to Attenuate Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:869. [PMID: 38255942 PMCID: PMC10815168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a significant complication of diabetes and primary cause of end-stage renal disease globally. The exact mechanisms underlying DKD remain poorly understood, but multiple factors, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), play a key role in its progression. Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone, is one of the key components of RAAS and a potential mediator of renal damage and inflammation in DKD. miRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules, have attracted interest due to their regulatory roles in numerous biological processes. These processes include aldosterone signaling and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression. Numerous miRNAs have been recognized as crucial regulators of aldosterone signaling and MR expression. These miRNAs affect different aspects of the RAAS pathway and subsequent molecular processes, which impact sodium balance, ion transport, and fibrosis regulation. This review investigates the regulatory roles of particular miRNAs in modulating aldosterone signaling and MR activation, focusing on their impact on kidney injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Understanding the complex interaction between miRNAs and the RAAS could lead to a new strategy to target aldosterone signaling and MR activation using miRNAs. This highlights the potential of miRNA-based interventions for DKD, with the aim of enhancing kidney outcomes in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hagiwara
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 1138421, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.S.)
- Hagiwara Clinic, Tokyo 2030001, Japan
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 1138421, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (P.K.); (J.O.)
| | - Jun Okabe
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (P.K.); (J.O.)
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Maki Murakoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 1138421, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 1138421, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.S.)
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Chatterjee E, Rodosthenous RS, Kujala V, Gokulnath P, Spanos M, Lehmann HI, de Oliveira GP, Shi M, Miller-Fleming TW, Li G, Ghiran IC, Karalis K, Lindenfeld J, Mosley JD, Lau ES, Ho JE, Sheng Q, Shah R, Das S. Circulating extracellular vesicles in human cardiorenal syndrome promote renal injury in a kidney-on-chip system. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165172. [PMID: 37707956 PMCID: PMC10721327 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) - renal injury during heart failure (HF) - is linked to high morbidity. Whether circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo directly impact its pathogenesis remains unclear.METHODSWe investigated the role of circulating EVs from patients with CRS on renal epithelial/endothelial cells using a microfluidic kidney-on-chip (KOC) model. The small RNA cargo of circulating EVs was regressed against serum creatinine to prioritize subsets of functionally relevant EV-miRNAs and their mRNA targets investigated using in silico pathway analysis, human genetics, and interrogation of expression in the KOC model and in renal tissue. The functional effects of EV-RNAs on kidney epithelial cells were experimentally validated.RESULTSRenal epithelial and endothelial cells in the KOC model exhibited uptake of EVs from patients with HF. HF-CRS EVs led to higher expression of renal injury markers (IL18, LCN2, HAVCR1) relative to non-CRS EVs. A total of 15 EV-miRNAs were associated with creatinine, targeting 1,143 gene targets specifying pathways relevant to renal injury, including TGF-β and AMPK signaling. We observed directionally consistent changes in the expression of TGF-β pathway members (BMP6, FST, TIMP3) in the KOC model exposed to CRS EVs, which were validated in epithelial cells treated with corresponding inhibitors and mimics of miRNAs. A similar trend was observed in renal tissue with kidney injury. Mendelian randomization suggested a role for FST in renal function.CONCLUSIONPlasma EVs in patients with CRS elicit adverse transcriptional and phenotypic responses in a KOC model by regulating biologically relevant pathways, suggesting a role for EVs in CRS.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT03345446.FUNDINGAmerican Heart Association (AHA) (SFRN16SFRN31280008); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1R35HL150807-01); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UH3 TR002878); and AHA (23CDA1045944).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rodosthenis S. Rodosthenous
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helge Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ionita Calin Ghiran
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katia Karalis
- Emulate, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Mosley
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily S. Lau
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ravi Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Research Center, Cardiology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Sun H, Chen T, Li X, Zhu Y, Zhang S, He P, Peng Y, Fan Q. The relevance of the non-invasive biomarkers lncRNA GAS5/miR-21 ceRNA regulatory network in the early identification of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:197. [PMID: 37821982 PMCID: PMC10566063 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the diagnostic value of serum lncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (lncRNA GAS5) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), and elucidate their roles in the pathogenesis. METHODS A microarray technology was used asses lncRNA GAS5 and miR-21 expression profiles in non-anticoagulant blood from 44 patients including T2DM without DN group (DM), T2DM with DN group (DN), and healthy controls group (N), followed by real-time PCR validation. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the clinical indicators among normal, T2DM, and DN patients. RESULTS The serum lncRNA GAS5 expression in T2DM and DN patients was significantly down-regulated compared with the N group, while the expression of miR-21 was significantly up-regulated (all P < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were negatively correlated with serum lncRNA GAS5, and FBG was independently correlated with serum lncRNA GAS5. Urinary microalbumin, total cholesterol (TC), creatinine (Cr), urea, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significantly positively correlated with serum miR-21. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria (ALB) were negatively correlated with serum miR-21, and ALB was independently correlated with serum miR-21. Serum lncRNA GAS5, miR-21 and lncRNA GAS5/miR-21 showed good diagnostic efficiency as the "diagnostic signature" of T2DM and DN. CONCLUSION The lncRNA GAS5/miR-21 diagnostic signature may be a more effective non-invasive biomarker for detecting T2DM. In addition, miR-21 alone may be a more accurate serum biomarker for the early screening of DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenyang Seventh People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yali Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuling Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Dhas Y, Arshad N, Biswas N, Jones LD, Ashili S. MicroRNA-21 Silencing in Diabetic Nephropathy: Insights on Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2583. [PMID: 37761024 PMCID: PMC10527294 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, possibly the most significant site of microvascular damage is the kidney. Due to diabetes and/or other co-morbidities, such as hypertension and age-related nephron loss, a significant number of people with diabetes suffer from kidney diseases. Improved diabetic care can reduce the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, innovative treatment approaches are still required. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is one of the most studied multipotent microRNAs (miRNAs), and it has been linked to renal fibrosis and exhibits significantly altered expression in DN. Targeting miR-21 offers an advantage in DN. Currently, miR-21 is being pharmacologically silenced through various methods, all of which are in early development. In this review, we summarize the role of miR-21 in the molecular pathogenesis of DN and several therapeutic strategies to use miR-21 as a therapeutic target in DN. The existing experimental interventions offer a way to rectify the lower miRNA levels as well as to reduce the higher levels. Synthetic miRNAs also referred to as miR-mimics, can compensate for abnormally low miRNA levels. Furthermore, strategies like oligonucleotides can be used to alter the miRNA levels. It is reasonable to target miR-21 for improved results because it directly contributes to the pathological processes of kidney diseases, including DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Dhas
- Rhenix Lifesciences, Hyderabad 500038, India
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11
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Gluba-Sagr A, Franczyk B, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Ławiński J, Rysz J. The Role of miRNA in Renal Fibrosis Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2358. [PMID: 37760798 PMCID: PMC10525803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health concern that is expected to be the fifth most widespread cause of death worldwide by 2040. The presence of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, ischemia, etc., stimulates the development and progression of CKD. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common pathomechanism of renal dysfunction, irrespective of the primary origin of renal injury. With time, fibrosis leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Many studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are involved in the onset and development of fibrosis and CKD. miRNAs are vital regulators of some pathophysiological processes; therefore, their utility as therapeutic agents in various diseases has been suggested. Several miRNAs were demonstrated to participate in the development and progression of kidney disease. Since renal fibrosis is an important problem in chronic kidney disease, many scientists have focused on the determination of miRNAs associated with kidney fibrosis. In this review, we present the role of several miRNAs in renal fibrosis and the potential pathways involved. However, as well as those mentioned above, other miRs have also been suggested to play a role in this process in CKD. The reports concerning the impact of some miRNAs on fibrosis are conflicting, probably because the expression and regulation of miRNAs occur in a tissue- and even cell-dependent manner. Moreover, different assessment modes and populations have been used. There is a need for large studies and clinical trials to confirm the role of miRs in a clinical setting. miRNAs have great potential; thus, their analysis may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gluba-Sagr
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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12
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Barreiro K, Dwivedi OP, Rannikko A, Holthöfer H, Tuomi T, Groop PH, Puhka M. Capturing the Kidney Transcriptome by Urinary Extracellular Vesicles-From Pre-Analytical Obstacles to Biomarker Research. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1415. [PMID: 37510317 PMCID: PMC10379145 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV) hold non-invasive RNA biomarkers for genitourinary tract diseases. However, missing knowledge about reference genes and effects of preanalytical choices hinder biomarker studies. We aimed to assess how preanalytical variables (urine storage temperature, isolation workflow) affect diabetic kidney disease (DKD)-linked miRNAs or kidney-linked miRNAs and mRNAs (kidney-RNAs) in uEV isolates and to discover stable reference mRNAs across diverse uEV datasets. We studied nine raw and normalized sequencing datasets including healthy controls and individuals with prostate cancer or type 1 diabetes with or without albuminuria. We focused on kidney-RNAs reviewing literature for DKD-linked miRNAs from kidney tissue, cell culture and uEV/urine experiments. RNAs were analyzed by expression heatmaps, hierarchical clustering and selecting stable mRNAs with normalized counts (>200) and minimal coefficient of variation. Kidney-RNAs were decreased after urine storage at -20 °C vs. -80 °C. Isolation workflows captured kidney-RNAs with different efficiencies. Ultracentrifugation captured DKD -linked miRNAs that separated healthy and diabetic macroalbuminuria groups. Eleven mRNAs were stably expressed across the datasets. Hence, pre-analytical choices had variable effects on kidney-RNAs-analyzing kidney-RNAs complemented global correlation, which could fade differences in some relevant RNAs. Replicating prior DKD-marker results and discovery of candidate reference mRNAs encourages further uEV biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barreiro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, EV and HiPREP Core, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Om Prakash Dwivedi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Holthöfer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Maija Puhka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, EV and HiPREP Core, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Srivastava A, Tomar B, Sharma D, Rath SK. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress: Role in chronic kidney disease. Life Sci 2023; 319:121432. [PMID: 36706833 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a variety of distinct disease processes that permanently change the function and structure of the kidney across months or years. CKD is characterized as a glomerular filtration defect or proteinuria that lasts longer than three months. In most instances, CKD leads to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), necessitating kidney transplantation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a typical response to damage in CKD patients. Despite the abundance of mitochondria in the kidneys, variations in mitochondrial morphological and functional characteristics have been associated with kidney inflammatory responses and injury during CKD. Despite these variations, CKD is frequently used to define some classic signs of mitochondrial dysfunction, including altered mitochondrial shape and remodeling, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and a marked decline in mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP generation. With a focus on the most significant developments and novel understandings of the involvement of mitochondrial remodeling in the course of CKD, this article offers a summary of the most recent advances in the sources of procured mitochondrial dysfunction in the advancement of CKD. Understanding mitochondrial biology and function is crucial for developing viable treatment options for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Srivastava
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Bhawna Tomar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divyansh Sharma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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14
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Szostak J, Gorący A, Durys D, Dec P, Modrzejewski A, Pawlik A. The Role of MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076214. [PMID: 37047185 PMCID: PMC10094215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus, affecting one in every five patients suffering from diabetes. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is still unclear. Several factors and pathways are known to be involved in the development of the disease, such as reactive oxygen species or the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The expression of those proteins might be extensively regulated by microRNA. Recent research suggests that in diabetic nephropathy patients, the profile of miRNA is significantly changed. In this review, we focus on the actions of miRNA in various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the clinical usage of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Damian Durys
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Dec
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Huang R, Fu P, Ma L. Kidney fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic medicines. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:129. [PMID: 36932062 PMCID: PMC10023808 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect 10-14% of global population. Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition leading to scarring, is a hallmark manifestation in different progressive CKD; However, at present no antifibrotic therapies against CKD exist. Kidney fibrosis is identified by tubule atrophy, interstitial chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis, glomerulosclerosis, and vascular rarefaction. Fibrotic niche, where organ fibrosis initiates, is a complex interplay between injured parenchyma (like tubular cells) and multiple non-parenchymal cell lineages (immune and mesenchymal cells) located spatially within scarring areas. Although the mechanisms of kidney fibrosis are complicated due to the kinds of cells involved, with the help of single-cell technology, many key questions have been explored, such as what kind of renal tubules are profibrotic, where myofibroblasts originate, which immune cells are involved, and how cells communicate with each other. In addition, genetics and epigenetics are deeper mechanisms that regulate kidney fibrosis. And the reversible nature of epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, RNA interference, and chromatin remodeling, gives an opportunity to stop or reverse kidney fibrosis by therapeutic strategies. More marketed (e.g., RAS blockage, SGLT2 inhibitors) have been developed to delay CKD progression in recent years. Furthermore, a better understanding of renal fibrosis is also favored to discover biomarkers of fibrotic injury. In the review, we update recent advances in the mechanism of renal fibrosis and summarize novel biomarkers and antifibrotic treatment for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshuang Huang
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Farasati Far B, Vakili K, Fathi M, Yaghoobpoor S, Bhia M, Naimi-Jamal MR. The role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of gastrointestinal cancers: A review. Life Sci 2023; 316:121340. [PMID: 36586571 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating the expression of several target genes. miRNAs play a significant role in cancer biology, as they can downregulate their corresponding target genes by impeding the translation of mRNA (at the mRNA level) as well as degrading mRNAs by binding to the 3'-untranslated (UTR) regions (at the protein level). miRNAs may be employed as cancer biomarkers. Therefore, miRNAs are widely investigated for early detection of cancers which can lead to improved survival rates and quality of life. This is particularly important in the case of gastrointestinal cancers, where early detection of the disease could substantially impact patients' survival. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21 or miRNA-21) is one of the most frequently researched miRNAs, where it is involved in the pathophysiology of cancer and the downregulation of several tumor suppressor genes. In gastrointestinal cancers, miR-21 regulates phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (SMAD7), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase /protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), β-catenin, tropomyosin 1, maspin, and ras homolog gene family member B (RHOB). In this review, we investigate the functions of miR-21 in pathogenesis and its applications as a diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker in four different gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic cancer (PC), gastric cancer (GC), and esophageal cancer (EC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammed Bhia
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Reza Naimi-Jamal
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Putra IMWA, Fakhrudin N, Nurrochmad A, Wahyuono S. A Review of Medicinal Plants with Renoprotective Activity in Diabetic Nephropathy Animal Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020560. [PMID: 36836916 PMCID: PMC9963806 DOI: 10.3390/life13020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also recognized as diabetic kidney disease, is a kidney malfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. A possible contributing factor to the onset of DN is hyperglycemia. Poorly regulated hyperglycemia can damage blood vessel clusters in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. Its treatment is difficult and expensive because its causes are extremely complex and poorly understood. Extracts from medicinal plants can be an alternative treatment for DN. The bioactive content in medicinal plants inhibits the progression of DN. This work explores the renoprotective activity and possible mechanisms of various medicinal plant extracts administered to diabetic animal models. Research articles published from 2011 to 2022 were gathered from several databases including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect to ensure up-to-date findings. Results showed that medicinal plant extracts ameliorated the progression of DN via the reduction in oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation, advanced glycation end-product formation, cell apoptosis, and tissue injury-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra
- Department of Biology, University of Dhyana Pura, Badung 80351, Indonesia
- Doctorate Program of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nanang Fakhrudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Arief Nurrochmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Subagus Wahyuono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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18
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Blood TGF-β1 and miRNA-21-5p levels predict renal fibrosis and outcome in IgA nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:1557-1564. [PMID: 36648741 PMCID: PMC9844190 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis, often presents as advanced renal failure with end-stage renal disease at diagnosis. Tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis on histology are the most important predictors of renal outcome. A non-invasive biomarker is required for assessment of progression in IgA nephropathy. We investigated the utility of blood profibrotic molecules, TGF-β1 and miRNA-21-5p (miR-21), to identify a non-invasive biomarker for renal fibrosis in IgAN. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 30 IgAN (mean age 31.5 ± 9 years) at the time of initial diagnosis, 25 age-sex-matched healthy controls and 10 Lupus nephritis patients as disease controls. Serum TGF-β1 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plasma miR-21 by qRT-PCR, normalized with U6-snRNA. The levels were correlated with clinical features, laboratory parameters, histological Oxford MEST-C score and renal outcome. RESULTS The serum TGF-β1 and plasma miR-21 were significantly higher in patients with IgAN than in healthy controls. TGF-β1 significantly correlated with serum creatinine, eGFR, Oxford T score and miR-21. High plasma miR-21 was significantly associated with T score and interstitial inflammation. On multivariate analysis, high levels of TGF-β1 and miR-21 correlated with lower eGFR and T score, respectively. On a follow-up period of 21.5 months, high miR-21 expression at diagnosis was associated (p = 0.02) with a poor renal outcome having a shorter time to doubling of serum creatinine. CONCLUSION High blood TGF-β1 and miR-21 expression at diagnosis of IgAN show significant correlation with renal function and degree of chronic tubulointerstitial injury on histology.
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Levstek T, Vujkovac B, Cokan Vujkovac A, Trebušak Podkrajšek K. Urinary-derived extracellular vesicles reveal a distinct microRNA signature associated with the development and progression of Fabry nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1143905. [PMID: 37035314 PMCID: PMC10076752 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1143905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early initiation is essential for successful treatment of Fabry disease, but sensitive and noninvasive biomarkers of Fabry nephropathy are lacking. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) represent a promising source of biomarkers of kidney involvement. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that contribute to the development and progression of various kidney diseases. We aimed to identify uEV-derived miRNAs involved in the development and/or progression of Fabry nephropathy. Methods Patients with genetically confirmed Fabry disease and matched control subjects were included. EVs were isolated from the second morning urine by size exclusion chromatography, from which miRNAs were extracted. miRNA urine exosome PCR panels were used to characterize the miRNA signature in a discovery cohort. Individual qPCRs were performed on a validation cohort that included chronological samples. We identified the target genes of dysregulated miRNAs and searched for potential hub genes. Enrichment analyses were performed to identify their potential function. Results The expression of miR-21-5p and miR-222-3p was significantly higher in patients with stable renal function and those with progressive nephropathy compared with the corresponding controls. In addition, the expression of miR-30a-5p, miR-10b-5p, and miR-204-5p was significantly lower in patients with progressive nephropathy, however, in the chronological samples, this was only confirmed for miR-204-5p. Some of the identified hub genes controlled by the dysregulated miRNAs have been associated with kidney impairment in other kidney diseases. Conclusion The miRNA cargo in uEVs changes with the development and progression of Fabry nephropathy and, therefore, represents a potential biomarker that may provide a new option to prevent or attenuate the progression of nephropathy. Furthermore, dysregulated miRNAs were shown to be potentially associated with pathophysiological pathways in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Levstek
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Vujkovac
- Centre for Fabry Disease, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | | | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Laboratory for Translational Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek,
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20
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Sun J, Wu M, Wang L, Wang P, Xiao T, Wang S, Liu Q. miRNA-21, which disrupts metabolic reprogramming to facilitate CD4 + T cell polarization toward the Th2 phenotype, accelerates arsenite-induced hepatic fibrosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114321. [PMID: 36427370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of arsenic may be present in groundwater, and long-term exposure to arsenic increases hepatic fibrosis. T helper 2 (Th2) cells are involved in the fibrotic cascade, and cell metabolism is a regulatory factor participating in CD4+ T cell differentiation and function. However, the mechanism for Th2 cell regulation of arsenite-induced hepatic fibrosis is not fully understood. In present study, for arsenite-fed mice, activated hepatic stellate cells may be involved in the infiltration of CD4+ T cells, accompanied by up-regulation of GATA3, a transcription factor, and IL-13, the major Th2 cytokine. Exposed to arsenite, Jurkat cells had increased aerobic glycolysis to promote the cell cycle and cell proliferation. Further, this process elevated levels of marker molecules, including those of the Th2 paradigm characterized by GATA3, IL-4, and IL-13. LX-2 cells were activated when treated with culture medium from Jurkat cells exposed to arsenite. miR-21 may be a therapeutic target for arsenite-induced hepatic fibrosis. In vitro, miR-21 knock-down caused inhibition of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway induced by arsenite. It also reversed the elevated glycolysis and the accelerated cell cycle and cell proliferation. Indeed, this alteration led to diminished expression of GATA3, IL-4, and IL-13 in T cells differentiated under Th2 conditions, which inhibits activation of LX-2 cells. Consistent with the results in vitro, miR-21 knock-out in mice reversed hepatic fibrosis and attenuated the levels of GATA3 and IL-13 induced by arsenite. These findings indicate that miR-21 regulates the glycolysis of CD4+ T cells through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway to accelerate the cell cycle, thereby facilitating CD4+ T cell polarization toward Th2 and releasing the fibrogenic factor IL-13, which participates in arsenite-associated hepatic fibrosis. Inhibition of Th2 polarization of CD4+T cells or miR-21 could be a therapeutic strategy to combat hepatic fibrosis caused by exposure to arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Nutrition, Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Sun Y, Qu H, Song Q, Shen Y, Wang L, Niu X. High-glucose induced toxicity in HK-2 cells can be alleviated by inhibition of miRNA-320c. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1388-1398. [PMID: 35969018 PMCID: PMC9389931 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2106874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major healthcare challenge worldwide. MiRNAs exert a regulatory effect on the progress of DN. Our study proposed to investigate the miR-320c expression and its function on the pathogenesis of DN in vitro. The level of miR-320c in HK-2 cells was quantified by RT-qPCR. Cell morphology, invasion, and migration were observed by optical microscope, Transwell invasion assay, and scratch wound assay. Then, the levels of PTEN, α-SMA, vimentin, E-cadherin, p-PI3K, PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT were analyzed through western blotting. A Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to explore the target relationship between miR-320c and PTEN. It was discovered that miR-320c was over-expressed in high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-320c could alleviate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HG-induced HK-2 cells and retain the normal morphology of HK-2 cells. Additionally, the miR-320c inhibitor decreased the invasiveness and migration of HG-treated HK-2 cells. Next, the target gene of miR-320c, PTEN, was identified, and the function of miR-320c was reversed by down-regulation of PTEN. Finally, we found inhibition of miR-320c restrained the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, inhibition of miR-320c could alleviate toxicity of HK-2 cells induced by HG via targeting PTEN and restraining the PI3K/AKT pathway, illustrating that miR-320c may act as a new biomarker in the diagnosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Hai Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Qi Song
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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22
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TGF-β Inhibitors for Therapeutic Management of Kidney Fibrosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121485. [PMID: 36558936 PMCID: PMC9783223 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common pathophysiological mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression caused by several underlying kidney diseases. Among various contributors to kidney fibrosis, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is the major factor driving fibrosis. TGF-β1 exerts its profibrotic attributes via the activation of canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways, which induce proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts and subsequent accumulation of extracellular matrix. Over the past few decades, studies have determined the TGF-β1 signaling pathway inhibitors and evaluated whether they could ameliorate the progression of CKD by hindering kidney fibrosis. However, therapeutic strategies that block TGF-β1 signaling have usually demonstrated unsatisfactory results. Herein, we discuss the therapeutic concepts of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and its inhibitors and review the current state of the art regarding regarding TGF-β1 inhibitors in CKD management.
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23
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Larrue R, Fellah S, Van der Hauwaert C, Hennino MF, Perrais M, Lionet A, Glowacki F, Pottier N, Cauffiez C. The Versatile Role of miR-21 in Renal Homeostasis and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213525. [PMID: 36359921 PMCID: PMC9657972 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA species that control gene expression and confer robustness to biological processes. Over the last two decades, their important roles during kidney development, homeostasis and the treatment of diseases have been established, in particular during the onset and progression of various forms of acute and chronic renal disorders. In recent years, miR-21, one of the best-characterized miRNAs to date, has received much attention in renal physiology in particular given its high degree of conservation and expression in kidneys, as well as its potent pathogenic role in various debilitating renal diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on miR-21’s involvement in both renal homeostasis and diseases, in particular its double-edged-sword role in acute versus chronic kidney injuries. Finally, we also discuss the potential of miR-21 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Larrue
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sandy Fellah
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cynthia Van der Hauwaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de la Recherche en Santé, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Michaël Perrais
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Lionet
- CHU Lille, Service de Néphrologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Glowacki
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Néphrologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christelle Cauffiez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
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24
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Akpınar K, Aslan D, Fenkçi SM, Caner V. miR-21-3p and miR-192-5p in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Diagnosis (Berl) 2022; 9:499-507. [PMID: 35976169 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microribonucleic acids (microRNA/miRNA/miR-) are predicted to be useful in the early diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We aimed to investigate the relationship of DN to miR-21-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-129-1-3p, miR-137, miR-192-5p, miR-212-3p, and miR-320c. METHODS There were 50 healthy controls and 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The diabetic patients were divided into three subgroups: normal to mildly increased (A1, n=51), moderately increased (A2, n=25), and severely increased (A3, n=24) albuminuria. The biochemical measurements were analysed using Roche Cobas 8000. The plasma miRNAs were analysed using RT-qPCR based on SYBR green chemistry. RESULTS The relative expression of miR-21-3p was significantly lower in the (A3 p=0.005, 6.6-fold decrease) and DN (A1 + A3) (p=0.005, 6.6-fold decrease) groups compared to the controls. The relative expression of miR-192-5p was also significantly lower in the DN group (p=0.027, 2.4-fold decrease) compared to the controls. The area under curve value was 0.726 for miR-21-3p and 0.717 for miR-192-5p for distinguishing the DN group from the controls. CONCLUSIONS The decreased expressions of miR-21-3p and miR-192-5p are associated with the development of DN and may be potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Akpınar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Diler Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Semin Melahat Fenkçi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Vildan Caner
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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25
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Knockdown of miR-214 Alleviates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Targeting the Regulation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7553928. [PMID: 36285295 PMCID: PMC9588363 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7553928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA-214 (miR-214) precursor is formed by the DNM3 gene on human chromosome 1q24.3, which is encoded and transcribed in the nucleus and processed into mature miR-214 in the cytoplasm. Association of miR-214 with the interstitial fibrosis of the kidney has been reported in existing research. Renal interstitial fibrosis is considered necessary during the process of various renal injuries in chronic kidney disease (CKD). One of the important mechanisms is the TGF- (transforming growth factor-) β1-stimulated epithelial interstitial transformation (EMT). The specific mechanisms of miR-214-3p in renal interstitial fibrosis and whether it participates in EMT are worthy of further investigation. In this paper, we first demonstrated modulation of the downstream PI3K/AKT axis by miR-214-3p through targeting phosphatase and tension protein homologues (PTEN), indicating the miRNA's participation in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) nephropathy and TGF-β1-induced EMT. We overexpressed or silenced miR-214-3p and PTEN for probing into the correlation of miR-214-3p with PTEN and the downstream PI3K/AKT signalling pathways. According to the results of the study, miR-214-3p overexpression silenced PTEN, activated the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, and exacerbated EMT induced by TGF-β1, while miR-214-3p knockdown had the opposite effect. In miR-214-3p knockdown mice, the expression of PTEN was increased, the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway was inhibited, and fibrosis was alleviated. In conclusion, miR-214-3p regulates the EMT of renal tubular cells induced by TGF-β1 by targeting PTEN and regulating the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Furthermore, miR-214-3p knockdown can reduce renal interstitial fibrosis through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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26
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Tang J, Liu F, Cooper ME, Chai Z. Renal fibrosis as a hallmark of diabetic kidney disease: Potential role of targeting transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and related molecules. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:721-738. [PMID: 36217308 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2133698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Currently, there is no effective treatment to completely prevent DKD progression to ESRD. Renal fibrosis and inflammation are the major pathological features of DKD, being pursued as potential therapeutic targets for DKD. AREAS COVERED Inflammation and renal fibrosis are involved in the pathogenesis of DKD. Anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed to combat DKD but without efficacy demonstrated. Thus, we have focused on the mechanisms of TGF-β-induced renal fibrosis in DKD, as well as discussing the important molecules influencing the TGF-β signaling pathway and their potential development into new pharmacotherapies, rather than targeting the ligand TGF-β and/or its receptors, such options include Smads, microRNAs, histone deacetylases, connective tissue growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 7, hepatocyte growth factor, and cell division autoantigen 1. EXPERT OPINION TGF-β is a critical driver of renal fibrosis in DKD. Molecules that modulate TGF-β signaling rather than TGF-β itself are potentially superior targets to safely combat DKD. A comprehensive elucidation of the pathogenesis of DKD is important, which requires a better model system and access to clinical samples via collaboration between basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Tang
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhonglin Chai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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27
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Luu BE, Mossa AH, Cammisotto PG, Uri Saragovi H, Campeau L. Modulation of diabetic kidney disease markers by an antagonist of p75 NTR in streptozotocin-treated mice. Gene 2022; 838:146729. [PMID: 35835402 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two therapeutic agents targeting p75NTR pathways have been recently developed to alleviate retinopathy and bladder dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM), namely the small molecule p75NTR antagonist THX-B and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that neutralizes the receptor ligand proNGF. We herein explore these two components in the context of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Streptozotocin-injected mice were treated for 4 weeks with THX-B or anti-proNGF mAb. Kidneys were taken for quantification of microRNAs and mRNAs by RT-qPCR and for detection of proteins by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and ELISA. Blood was sampled to measure plasma levels of urea, creatinine, and albumin. DM led to increases in plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine and decreases in plasma albumin. Receptor p75NTR was expressed in kidneys and its expression was decreased by DM. All these changes were reversed by THX-B treatment while the effect of mAb was less pronounced. MicroRNAs tightly linked to DKD (miR-21-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-342-3p) were highly expressed in diabetic kidneys compared to healthy ones. Also, miR-146a, a marker of kidney inflammation, and mRNA levels of Fn-1 and Nphs, two markers of fibrosis and inflammation, were elevated in DM. Treatments with THX-B or mAb partially or completely reduced the expression of the aforementioned microRNAs and mRNAs. P75NTR antagonism and proNGF mAb might constitute new therapeutic tools to treat or slow down the progression of kidney disease in DM, along with other diabetic related complications. The translational potential of these strategies is currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Luu
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abubakr H Mossa
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Canada; Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Lysanne Campeau
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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28
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Mahtal N, Lenoir O, Tinel C, Anglicheau D, Tharaux PL. MicroRNAs in kidney injury and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:643-662. [PMID: 35974169 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by degrading or repressing the translation of their target messenger RNAs. As miRNAs are critical regulators of cellular homeostasis, their dysregulation is a crucial component of cell and organ injury. A substantial body of evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease and allograft damage. Different subsets of miRNAs are dysregulated during AKI, chronic kidney disease and allograft rejection, which could reflect differences in the physiopathology of these conditions. miRNAs that have been investigated in AKI include miR-21, which has an anti-apoptotic role, and miR-214 and miR-668, which regulate mitochondrial dynamics. Various miRNAs are downregulated in diabetic kidney disease, including the miR-30 family and miR-146a, which protect against inflammation and fibrosis. Other miRNAs such as miR-193 and miR-92a induce podocyte dedifferentiation in glomerulonephritis. In transplantation, miRNAs have been implicated in allograft rejection and injury. Further work is needed to identify and validate miRNAs as biomarkers of graft function and of kidney disease development and progression. Use of combinations of miRNAs together with other molecular markers could potentially improve diagnostic or predictive power and facilitate clinical translation. In addition, targeting specific miRNAs at different stages of disease could be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Mahtal
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Claire Tinel
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adulte, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adulte, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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29
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Abstract
Mechanical variables such as stiffness, stress, strain, and fluid shear stress are central to tissue functions, thus, must be maintained within the proper range. Mechanics are especially important in the cardiovascular system and lung, the functions of which are essentially mechanical. Mechanical homeostasis is characterized by negative feedback in which deviations from the optimal value or set point activates mechanisms to return the system to the correct range. In chronic diseases, homeostatic mechanisms are generally overcome or replaced with positive feedback loops that promote disease progression. Recent work has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential to mechanical homeostasis in a number of biological systems and that perturbations to miRNA biogenesis play key roles in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. In this review, we integrate current knowledge of miRNAs in mechanical homeostasis and how these mechanisms are altered in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Herrera
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Cell Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven 06511, Connecticut, USA
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30
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Sohail AM, Khawar MB, Afzal A, Hassan A, Shahzaman S, Ali A. Multifaceted roles of extracellular RNAs in different diseases. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:43. [PMID: 35948986 PMCID: PMC9367134 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are novel circulating factors that can be used as biomarkers in various diseases. Their unique and diverse kinds, as well as their role as biomarkers, make them significant biomarkers. There has been immense work carried out since the discovery of exRNAs in circulation and other biological fluids to catalog and determine whether exRNAs may be utilized as indicators for health and illness. In this review, we aim to understand the current state of exRNAs in relation to various diseases and their potential as biomarkers. We will also review current issues and challenges faced in using exRNAs, with clinical and lab trials, that can be used as viable markers for different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Muhammad Sohail
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hassan
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shahzaman
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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31
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Alexandru N, Procopciuc A, Vîlcu A, Comariţa IK, Bӑdilӑ E, Georgescu A. Extracellular vesicles-incorporated microRNA signature as biomarker and diagnosis of prediabetes state and its complications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:309-332. [PMID: 34143360 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small anuclear vesicles, delimited by a lipid bilayer, released by almost all cell types, carrying functionally active biological molecules that can be transferred to the neighbouring or distant cells, inducing phenotypical and functional changes, relevant in various physio-pathological conditions. The microRNAs are the most significant active components transported by EVs, with crucial role in intercellular communication and significant effects on recipient cells. They may also server as novel valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis of metabolic disorders. Moreover, EVs are supposed to mediate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and its progress. The T2DM development is preceded by prediabetes, a state that is associated with early forms of nephropathy and neuropathy, chronic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, and increased risk of macrovascular disease. Although the interest of scientists was focused not only on the pathogenesis of diabetes, but also on the early diagnosis, little is known about EVs-incorporated microRNA involvement in prediabetes state and its microvascular and macrovascular complications. Here, we survey the biogenesis, classification, content, biological functions and the most popular primary isolation methods of EVs, review the EVs-associated microRNA profiling connexion with early stages of diabetes and discuss the role of EVs containing specific microRNAs in prediabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Alexandru
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anastasia Procopciuc
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Vîlcu
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Karla Comariţa
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Bӑdilӑ
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
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32
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Wu XD, Kang L, Tian J, Wu Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Wang H, Qiu G, Wu Z. Exosomes derived from magnetically actuated bone mesenchymal stem cells promote tendon-bone healing through the miR-21-5p/SMAD7 pathway. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100319. [PMID: 35757032 PMCID: PMC9218580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) involves slow biological processes, and various types of biological modulations have been explored to promote tendon-to-bone integration. Exosomes have been extensively studied as a promising new cell-free strategy for tissue regeneration, but few studies have reported their potential in tendon-to-bone healing. In this study, a novel type of exosome derived from magnetically actuated (iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) combined with a magnetic field) bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) (IONP-Exos) was developed, and the primary purpose of this study was to determine whether IONP-Exos exert more significant effects on tendon-to-bone healing than normal BMSC-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos). Here, we isolated and characterized the two types of exosomes, conducted in vitro experiments to measure their effects on fibroblasts (NIH3T3), and performed in vivo experiments to compare the effects on tendon-to-bone integration. Moreover, functional exploration of exosomal miRNAs was further performed by utilizing a series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Experimental results showed that both BMSC-Exos and IONP-Exos could be shuttled intercellularly into NIH3T3 fibroblasts and enhanced fibroblast activity, including proliferation, migration, and fibrogenesis. In vivo, we found that IONP-Exos significantly prevented peri-tunnel bone loss, promoted more osseous ingrowth into the tendon graft, increased fibrocartilage formation at the tendon-bone tunnel interface, and induced a higher maximum load to failure than BMSC-Exos. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-21-5p remarkably enhanced fibrogenesis in vitro, and SMAD7 was shown to be involved in the promotive effect of IONP-Exos on tendon-to-bone healing. Our findings may provide new insights into the regulatory roles of IONPs in IONP-Exos communication via stimulating exosomal miR-21-5p secretion and the SMAD7 signaling pathway in the fibrogenic process of tendon-to-bone integration. This work could provide a new strategy to promote tendon-to-bone healing for tissue engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Medical Science Research Center (MRC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Medical Science Research Center (MRC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuanhao Wu
- Medical Science Research Center (MRC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Medical Science Research Center (MRC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Medical Science Research Center (MRC), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China
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The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Late Complications in Type 1 Diabetes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040705. [PMID: 35456511 PMCID: PMC9029845 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the destruction of pancreatic β cells leads to hyperglycemia. The prevention of hyperglycemia is very important to avoid or at least postpone the development of micro- and macrovascular complications, also known as late complications. These include diabetic retinopathy, chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of long-term hyperglycemia has been shown to persist long after the normalization of blood glucose levels, a phenomenon known as metabolic memory. It is believed that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs, play an important role in metabolic memory. The aim of this review is to address the impact of long-term hyperglycemia on epigenetic marks in late complications of type 1 diabetes.
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Tian C, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhu P, Zhao M. Mitochondria Related Cell Death Modalities and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:832356. [PMID: 35321239 PMCID: PMC8935059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.832356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as the centre of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. However, they can not only generate ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation but also control the mode of cell death through various mechanisms, especially regulated cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, mitophagy, NETosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, entosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, alkaliptosis, autosis, clockophagy and oxeiptosis. These mitochondria-associated modes of cell death can lead to a variety of diseases. During cell growth, these modes of cell death are programmed, meaning that they can be induced or predicted. Mitochondria-based treatments have been shown to be effective in many trials. Therefore, mitochondria have great potential for the treatment of many diseases. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria are involved in modes of cell death, as well as basic research and the latest clinical progress in related fields. We also detail a variety of organ system diseases related to mitochondria, including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, urinary system diseases and cancer. We highlight the role that mitochondria play in these diseases and suggest possible therapeutic directions as well as pressing issues that need to be addressed today. Because of the key role of mitochondria in cell death, a comprehensive understanding of mitochondria can help provide more effective strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuoshu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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Grimes JA, Lourenço BN, Coleman AE, Rissi DR, Schmiedt CW. MicroRNAs are differentially expressed in the serum and renal tissues of cats with experimentally induced chronic kidney disease: a preliminary study. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:426-433. [PMID: 35239506 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.08.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify differentially expressed microRNA in the serum and renal tissues of cats with experimentally induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). SAMPLE Banked renal tissues and serum from 4 cats. PROCEDURES Cats previously underwent 90-minute unilateral ischemia with delayed contralateral nephrectomy 3 months after ischemia. Tissues were collected from the contralateral kidney at the time of nephrectomy and from the ischemic kidney 6 months after nephrectomy (study end). Serum was collected prior to ischemia (baseline serum) and at study end (end point serum). Total RNA was isolated from tissues and serum, and microRNA sequencing was performed with differential expression analysis between the contralateral and ischemic kidney and baseline and end point serum. RESULTS 20 microRNAs were differentially expressed between ischemic and contralateral kidneys, and 52 microRNAs were differentially expressed between end point and baseline serum. Five microRNAs were mutually differentially expressed between ischemic and contralateral kidneys and baseline and end point serum, with 4 (mir-21, mir-146, mir-199, and mir-235) having increased expression in both the ischemic kidney and end point serum and 1 (mir-382) having increased expression in the ischemic kidney and decreased expression in end point serum. Predicted target search for these microRNA revealed multiple genes previously shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of feline CKD, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor-β, hepatocyte growth factor, fibronectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MicroRNAs were differentially expressed after CKD induction in this preliminary study. Regulation of renal fibrosis in feline CKD may occur through microRNA regulation of mRNAs of pro- and anti-fibrotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Bianca N Lourenço
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Cheng L, Qiu X, He L, Liu L. MicroRNA-122-5p ameliorates tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy via FIH-1/HIF-1α pathway. Ren Fail 2022; 44:293-303. [PMID: 35166173 PMCID: PMC8856027 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2039194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes kidney disease (DKD) affects approximately one-third of diabetes patients, however, the specific molecular mechanism of DKD remains unclear, and there is still a lack of effective therapies. Here, we demonstrated a significant increase of microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p) in renal tubular cells in STZ induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. Moreover, inhibition of miR-122-5p led to increased cell death and serve tubular injury and promoted DN progression following STZ treatment in mice, whereas supplementation of miR-122-5p mimic had kidney protective effects in this model. In addition, miR-122-5p suppressed the expression of factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (FIH-1) in vitro models of DN. microRNA target reporter assay further verified FIH-1 as a direct target of miR-122-5p. Generally, FIH-1 inhibits the activity of HIF-1α. Our in vitro study further indicated that overexpression of HIF-1α by transfection of HIF-1α plasmid reduced tubular cell death, suggesting a protective role of HIF-1α in DN. Collectively, these findings may unveil a novel miR-122-5p/FIH-1/HIF-1α pathway which can attenuate the DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinying Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, China
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Mitochondrial Pathophysiology on Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031776. [PMID: 35163697 PMCID: PMC8836100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy kidneys, interstitial fibroblasts are responsible for the maintenance of renal architecture. Progressive interstitial fibrosis is thought to be a common pathway for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Diabetes is one of the boosters of CKD. There is no effective treatment to improve kidney function in CKD patients. The kidney is a highly demanding organ, rich in redox reactions occurring in mitochondria, making it particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). A dysregulation in OS leads to an impairment of the Electron transport chain (ETC). Gene deficiencies in the ETC are closely related to the development of kidney disease, providing evidence that mitochondria integrity is a key player in the early detection of CKD. The development of novel CKD therapies is needed since current methods of treatment are ineffective. Antioxidant targeted therapies and metabolic approaches revealed promising results to delay the progression of some markers associated with kidney disease. Herein, we discuss the role and possible origin of fibroblasts and the possible potentiators of CKD. We will focus on the important features of mitochondria in renal cell function and discuss their role in kidney disease progression. We also discuss the potential of antioxidants and pharmacologic agents to delay kidney disease progression.
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Kuo FC, Chao CT, Lin SH. The Dynamics and Plasticity of Epigenetics in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Therapeutic Applications Vis-à-Vis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020843. [PMID: 35055027 PMCID: PMC8777872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to the phenomenon of progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate accompanied by adverse consequences, including fluid retention, electrolyte imbalance, and an increased cardiovascular risk compared to those with normal renal function. The triggers for the irreversible renal function deterioration are multifactorial, and diabetes mellitus serves as a major contributor to the development of CKD, namely diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recently, epigenetic dysregulation emerged as a pivotal player steering the progression of DKD, partly resulting from hyperglycemia-associated metabolic disturbances, rising oxidative stress, and/or uncontrolled inflammation. In this review, we describe the major epigenetic molecular mechanisms, followed by summarizing current understandings of the epigenetic alterations pertaining to DKD. We highlight the epigenetic regulatory processes involved in several crucial renal cell types: Mesangial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelia, and glomerular endothelial cells. Finally, we highlight epigenetic biomarkers and related therapeutic candidates that hold promising potential for the early detection of DKD and the amelioration of its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chih Kuo
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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Liu S, Wu W, Liao J, Tang F, Gao G, Peng J, Fu X, Zhan Y, Chen Z, Xu W, Zhao S. MicroRNA-21: A Critical Pathogenic Factor of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:895010. [PMID: 35865316 PMCID: PMC9294636 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.895010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most common and intractable microvascular complications of diabetes, is the main cause of terminal renal disease globally. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a kind of miRNA early identified in human circulation and tissues. Mounting studies have demonstrated that miR-21 plays an important role in the development and progression of DN. This collaborative review aimed to present a first attempt to capture the current evidence on the relationship between miR-21 and DN. After a systematic search, 29 relevant studies were included for comprehensively and thoroughly reviewing. All these eligible studies reported that miR-21 was up-regulated in DN, whether in serum or renal tissues of human or animal models. MiR-21 exhibited its pathogenic roles in DN by forming a complex network with targeted genes (e.g. MMP-9, Smad7, TIMP3, Cdk6, FOXO1, IMP3, and MMP2) and the signaling cascades (e.g. Akt/TORC1 signaling axis, TGF-β/NF-κB signaling pathways, TGF-β/SMAD pathway, CADM1/STAT3 signaling, and AGE-RAGE regulatory cascade), which resulted in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix deposition, cytoskeletal remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review highlights that miR-21 is a pivotal pathogenic factor in the development of DN. It may serve as an attractive potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarker for DN in clinical practice after further confirmation of the clinicopathological features and molecular mechanisms of miR-21-mediated DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuijiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology & Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Fuqin Tang
- Nursing Department, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiujing Fu
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuqin Zhan
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Weifang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weifang Xu, ; Shankun Zhao,
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weifang Xu, ; Shankun Zhao,
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Tu C, Wei L, Wang L, Tang Y. Eight Differential miRNAs in DN Identified by Microarray Analysis as Novel Biomarkers. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:907-920. [PMID: 35359345 PMCID: PMC8961165 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s355783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the common cause of renal diseases such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various diagnostic applications and treatment methods are used for clinical but remain some prognosis issues. To avoid morbidity and mortality related to DN, early detection of disease complications as well as targeted therapeutic strategies is essential. Considerable evidence indicates that non-coding RNA plays a vital role in the biological processes of various diseases, used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. And the most known ncRNAs are the microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study aimed to identify potential prognostic ncRNAs involved in DN by bioinformatics analysis and validated expression levels through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and GEO database. Our research focuses on differential expression miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in DN and their interactions with critical genes. RESULTS We identified 8 up-regulated DEmiRNAs, including miR-103a-2-5p, miR-297, miR-548x-3p, miR-604, miR-644a, miR-1256, miR-3911 and miR-5047 finally. We further validated these miRNAs in a murine model. CONCLUSION Identifying these up-regulated genes and elucidating these miRNAs regulatory network will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of DN and how they can be used as new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangzhi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Tang, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0519 68872146, Email
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Tang S, Xiao G, Yuan Q, Lin W, Yuan X, Fang X, Deng T, Xiao X. Long Non-coding RNA ENST00000453774.1 Confers an Inhibitory Effect on Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting miR-324-3p to Promote NRG1 Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:580754. [PMID: 34869303 PMCID: PMC8640469 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.580754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive or chronic renal diseases arise from a process of destructive renal fibrosis. Therefore, the molecular basis of renal fibrosis has attracted increasing attention. In this investigation, we set out to elucidate the potential interaction among long non-coding RNA ENST00000453774.1 (lncRNA 74.1), microRNA-324-3p (miR-324-3p), and NRG1, and to investigate their roles in the context of cellular autophagy and renal fibrosis. We collected 30 renal fibrosis tissue samples for analysis. In other studies, HK-2 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 to induce a cell model of renal fibrosis, followed by alteration on the expression of lncRNA 74.1, miR-324-3p, or NRG1, or by the addition of AKT activator SC79 in the HK-2 cells. The expression levels of lncRNA 74.1, miR-324-3p, NRG1, autophagy-related proteins (ATG5, ATG7, LC3II/I, and P62), and the corresponding fibrosis markers (Collagen I, Fibronectin, and α-SMA) were subsequently determined using various assay methods. In addition, the proportion of LC3 positive cells and number of autophagosomes were recorded. Results revealed that lncRNA 74.1 and NRG1 were poorly expressed and miR-324-3p was highly expressed in renal fibrosis tissues and modeled cells. LncRNA 74.1 could bind to miR-324-3p, which led to upregulated NRG1 expression and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Meanwhile, overexpression of lncRNA 74.1 or down-regulation of miR-324-3p increased the levels of ATG5, ATG7, LC3II, and LC3I, and decreased levels of P62, Collagen I, Fibronectin, and α-SMA, accompanied by elevated proportions of LC3 positive cells and autophagosomes. Findings concur in showing that lncRNA 74.1 could induce cellular autophagy and alleviate renal fibrosis by regulating the miR-324-3p-mediated NRG1/PI3K/AKT axis. This axis may thus present a potential molecular target in renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gong Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiongjing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangning Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianci Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Shen Z, Quan J, Lin C, Li X, Hu G. Endostatin in fibrosis and as a potential candidate of anti-fibrotic therapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2051-2061. [PMID: 34595978 PMCID: PMC8491667 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1983071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases pose significant clinical challenges due to their broadness and complexity. Thus, a better understanding of fibrogenesis and the development of more effective treatments is imperative. Recent evidence suggests a significant antifibrotic potential of an endogenous glycoprotein, endostatin. While endostatin has been widely studied for its role as an anticancer adjuvant by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, its possible implication in fibrosis remains largely unclear. Here, we review the role of endostatin in various cellular processes and highlight its antifibrotic activity. We hypothesize that endostatin conveys a homeostatic function in the process of fibrosis by regulating (a) TGF-β1 and its downstream signaling; (b) RhoA/ROCK pathway; (c) NF-κB signaling pathway; (d) expression of EGR-1; (e) PDGF/PDGFR pathway; (f) autophagy-related pathways; (g) pathways associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. Finally, we propose a schematic model of the antifibrotic roles and mechanisms of endostatin; also, we outline future research directions of endostatin and aim to present a potential therapeutic approach for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaolong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Quan
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Shi R, Liu DD, Cao Y, Xue YS. microRNA-26a-5p Prevents Retinal Neuronal Cell Death in Diabetic Mice by Targeting PTEN. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:409-417. [PMID: 34555985 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1975760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of microRNA-26a-5p (miR-26a) in early diabetic retinal neuronal cell death and reveal the underlying mechanism(s). METHODS A streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model was established using C57BL/6 J mice. Control or miR-26a mimic was intravitreally injected. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the morphologic alterations in the retinal structure and ultrastructure, respectively. The expression of miR-26a and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was assayed using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. An immunofluorescence assay was used to investigate the distribution of PTEN expression in the retina. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was measured to identify glial cell activation. The mRNA levels of IL-1β, NF-κB, and VEGF were examined to assess diabetic retinal inflammation. RESULTS miR-26a expression was decreased in retinal tissues of diabetic mice, and injection of miR-26a mimic restored the miR-26a level. Diabetic mice had significantly reduced neuroretinal thickness and ganglion cell number; miR-26a mimic delayed the thinning of neuroretinal layers and the loss of ganglion numbers. TEM showed damaged ultrastructure of retinal ganglions in diabetic mice, while miR-26a mitigated the damages. PTEN expression was increased mainly in the inner and outer nuclear layer of the retina in diabetic mice; miR-26a mimics lowered PTEN expression. GFAP, IL-1β, NF-κB, and VEGF expression were significantly increased in the diabetic mice, and intravitreal delivery of miR-26a resulted in a down-regulated expression of these factors. CONCLUSION miR-26a can protect against retinal neuronal impairment in diabetic mice by down-regulating PTEN, highlighting the potential of miR-26a as a target for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Shun Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Escasany E, Lanzón B, García-Carrasco A, Izquierdo-Lahuerta A, Torres L, Corrales P, Rodríguez Rodríguez AE, Luis-Lima S, Martínez Álvarez C, Javier Ruperez F, Ros M, Porrini E, Rydén M, Medina-Gómez G. Transforming growth factor β3 deficiency promotes defective lipid metabolism and fibrosis in murine kidney. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:271939. [PMID: 34431499 PMCID: PMC8489029 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are pathological features of chronic kidney disease. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a key player in the development of fibrosis. However, of the three known TGFβ isoforms, only TGFβ1 has an established role in fibrosis, and the pathophysiological relevance of TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 is unknown. Because Tgfb3 deficiency in mice results in early postnatal lethality, we analyzed the kidney phenotype of heterozygous Tgfb3-knockout mice (Tgfb3+/−) and compared it with that of matched wild-type mice. Four-month-old Tgfb3+/− mice exhibited incipient renal fibrosis with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, in addition to glomerular basement membrane thickening and podocyte foot process effacement associated with albuminuria. Also evident was insulin resistance and oxidative stress at the renal level, together with aberrant renal lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function. Omics analysis revealed toxic species, such as diacylglycerides and ceramides, and dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism in Tgfb3+/− mice. Kidneys of Tgfb3+/− mice showed morphological alterations of mitochondria and overactivation of non-canonical MAPK ERK1/2 and JNK cascades. Our study indicates that renal TGFβ3 might have antifibrotic and renoprotective properties, opposing or counteracting the activity of TGFβ1. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Our study describes the renal abnormalities of heterozygous Tgfb3-targeted mice and suggests that TGFβ3 is renoprotective and may counteract the activity of TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Escasany
- Lipobeta group, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Lanzón
- Lipobeta group, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena García-Carrasco
- Lipobeta group, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Izquierdo-Lahuerta
- Lipobeta group, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Torres
- Lipobeta group, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Corrales
- Lipobeta group, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Luis-Lima
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Departamento de Nefrología e Hipertensión, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Martínez Álvarez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ruperez
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ros
- Lipobeta group, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Universidad La Laguna, Instituto Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Lipobeta group, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain.,LAFEMEX laboratory, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Epigenetics examines heritable changes in DNA and its associated proteins except mutations in gene sequence. Epigenetic regulation plays fundamental roles in kidney cell biology through the action of DNA methylation, chromatin modification via epigenetic regulators and non-coding RNA species. Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis are multistep processes associated with numerous molecular alterations even in individual kidney cells. Epigenetic alterations, including anomalous DNA methylation, aberrant histone alterations and changes of microRNA expression all contribute to kidney pathogenesis. These changes alter the genome-wide epigenetic signatures and disrupt essential pathways that protect renal cells from uncontrolled growth, apoptosis and development of other renal associated syndromes. Molecular changes impact cellular function within kidney cells and its microenvironment to drive and maintain disease phenotype. In this chapter, we briefly summarize epigenetic mechanisms in four kidney diseases including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. We primarily focus on current knowledge about the genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and histone modification, and epigenetic regulation on specific gene(s) in the pathophysiology of these diseases and the translational potential of identifying new biomarkers and treatment for prevention and therapy. Incorporating epigenomic testing into clinical research is essential to elucidate novel epigenetic biomarkers and develop precision medicine using emerging therapies.
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Negative regulators of TGF-β1 signaling in renal fibrosis; pathological mechanisms and novel therapeutic opportunities. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:275-303. [PMID: 33480423 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is causatively linked to kidney fibrosis progression initiated by diabetic, hypertensive, obstructive, ischemic and toxin-induced injury. Therapeutically relevant approaches to directly target the TGF-β1 pathway (e.g., neutralizing antibodies against TGF-β1), however, remain elusive in humans. TGF-β1 signaling is subjected to extensive negative control at the level of TGF-β1 receptor, SMAD2/3 activation, complex assembly and promoter engagement due to its critical role in tissue homeostasis and numerous pathologies. Progressive kidney injury is accompanied by the deregulation (loss or gain of expression) of several negative regulators of the TGF-β1 signaling cascade by mechanisms involving protein and mRNA stability or epigenetic silencing, further amplifying TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling and fibrosis. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 6 and 7 (BMP6/7), SMAD7, Sloan-Kettering Institute proto-oncogene (Ski) and Ski-related novel gene (SnoN), phosphate tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein phosphatase magnesium/manganese dependent 1A (PPM1A) and Klotho are dramatically decreased in various nephropathies in animals and humans albeit with different kinetics while the expression of Smurf1/2 E3 ligases are increased. Such deregulations frequently initiate maladaptive renal repair including renal epithelial cell dedifferentiation and growth arrest, fibrotic factor (connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), TGF-β1) synthesis/secretion, fibroproliferative responses and inflammation. This review addresses how loss of these negative regulators of TGF-β1 pathway exacerbates renal lesion formation and discusses the therapeutic value in restoring the expression of these molecules in ameliorating fibrosis, thus, presenting novel approaches to suppress TGF-β1 hyperactivation during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.
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47
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Farzamikia N, Baradaran B, Mostafavi S, Ahmadian E, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Zununi Vahed S, Ardalan M. Podocyte-derived microparticles in IgA nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111891. [PMID: 34237594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles are a general term for different types of cell plasma membrane-originated vesicles that are released into the extracellular environment. The paracrine action of these nano-sized vesicles is crucial for intercellular communications through the transfer of diverse lipids, cytosolic proteins, RNA as well as microRNAs. The progression of different diseases influences the composition, occurrence, and functions of these cell-derived particles. Podocyte injury has been shown to have an important role in the pathophysiology of many glomerular diseases including IgA nephropathy (IgAN). This review would focus on the possible potential of podocyte-derived microparticles detected in urine to be used as a diagnostic tool in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Farzamikia
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soroush Mostafavi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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48
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Wang WJ, Chen XM, Cai GY. Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Potential therapeutic targets for renal fibrosis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111403. [PMID: 33984448 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis plays a crucial role in the progression of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. However, because the aetiology of this pathological process is complex and remains unclear, there is still no effective treatment. Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have been reported to lead to renal fibrosis. This review first discusses the relationships among cellular senescence, the SASP and renal fibrosis. Then, the key role of the SASP in irreversible renal fibrosis, including fibroblast activation and abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation, is discussed, with the results of studies having indicated that inhibiting cellular senescence and the SASP might be a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis. Finally, we summarize promising therapeutic strategies revealed by existing research on senescent cells and the SASP, including emerging interventions targeting the SASP, caloric restriction and mimetics, and novel regeneration therapies with stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China.
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49
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Wang Q, Tao Y, Xie H, Liu C, Liu P. MicroRNA‑101 inhibits renal tubular epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition by targeting TGF‑β1 type I receptor. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:119. [PMID: 33955520 PMCID: PMC8099196 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are key regulators of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). The present study was designed to identify miRNAs associated with the development of RIF, and to explore the ability of these identified miRNAs to modulate the renal tubular epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. To this end, miRNAs that were differentially expressed between normal and fibrotic kidneys in a rat model of mercury chloride (HgCl2)‑induced RIF were detected via an array‑based approach. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that miR‑101 was the miRNA that was most significantly downregulated in the fibrotic renal tissue samples, and this was confirmed by RT‑qPCR, which also demonstrated that this miRNA was downregulated in transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1‑treated human proximal tubular epithelial (HK‑2) cells. When miR‑101 was overexpressed, this was sufficient to reverse TGF‑β1‑induced EMT in HK‑2 cells, leading to the upregulation of the epithelial marker, E‑cadherin, and the downregulation of the mesenchymal marker, α‑smooth muscle actin. By contrast, the downregulation of miR‑101 using an inhibitor exerted the opposite effect. The overexpression of miR‑101 also suppressed the expression of the miR‑101 target gene, TGF‑β1 type I receptor (TβR‑I), and thereby impaired TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling, while the opposite was observed upon miR‑101 inhibition. To further confirm the ability of miR‑101 to modulate EMT, the HK‑2 cells were treated with the TβR‑I inhibitor, SB‑431542, which significantly suppressed TGF‑β1‑induced EMT in these cells. Notably, miR‑101 inhibition exerted a less pronounced effect upon EMT‑related phenotypes in these TβR‑I inhibitor‑treated HK‑2 cells, supporting a model wherein miR‑101 inhibits TGF‑β1‑induced EMT by suppressing TβR‑I expression. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that miR‑101 is capable of inhibiting TGF‑β1‑induced tubular EMT by targeting TβR‑I, suggesting that it may be an important regulator of RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongdong Xie
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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50
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Fu H, Chu D, Geng X. Downregulation of miR-17 suppresses TGF-β1-mediated renal fibrosis through targeting Smad7. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3051-3064. [PMID: 33797702 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MiR-17 is found upregulated in diabetic mice; however, its effect(s) on renal fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy remain(s) unknown. This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the downregulation of miR-17 in renal fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and DN and normal healthy individual controls, mice (db/db, db/m), and human mesangial cells (HMCs) and human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) were used as research subjects in the study. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression of miR-17 in the serum samples, renal tissues and cells. Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining experiments were performed to detect glomerular mesangial matrix and collagen deposition. Levels of fibrosis-related proteins (E-Cadherin (E-cad), vimentin, fibronectin and collagen I) were measured by Western blot (WB). The target gene of miR-17 was predicted by TargetScan 7.2 and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter analysis. The study found that miR-17 expression was elevated in the serums of DN patients as well as in the serums and kidney tissues of db/db mice. db/db mice showed a severe renal fibrosis condition. The levels of E-cad in db/db mice, HMC and HK-2 cells were increased by downregulating miR-17 expression, while expressions of vimentin, fibronectin and collagen I were reduced. Smad7 was predicted to be the target gene of miR-17, and its expression was promoted by downregulation of miR-17. Moreover, the reduced Smad7 expression could inhibit the expressions of fibrosis-related proteins, which, however, can be ameliorated by the downregulation of miR-17. In addition, downregulation of miR-17 could suppress renal fibrosis mediated by TGF-β1 through targeting Smad7, which might be a clinical therapeutic target for patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No.5, Middle Donghai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Debo Chu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingdao Haici Med Ctr, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuli Geng
- Department of Emergency, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China.
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