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Kono H, Furuta K, Sakamoto T, Ueda SY. Effects of Standing after a Meal on Glucose Metabolism and Energy Expenditure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6934. [PMID: 37887672 PMCID: PMC10606551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, university students have become more sedentary. A sedentary lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Methods that decrease sedentary lifestyles, such as the use of standing desks to increase physical activity, have been extensively examined. However, the effects of postprandial standing and sitting on energy metabolism have not yet been compared. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of standing after a meal on energy expenditure and glucose metabolism. Ten males participated in the present study. The experiment was initiated with 300 g of rice ingested as a carbohydrate load. The subjects maintained a standing or sitting position for 120 min after the meal. Energy expenditure was calculated from VO2 and VCO2 using the indirect calorimetry method. Glucose metabolism was assessed by measuring blood glucose levels and the exogenous glucose metabolic rate. Energy expenditure through standing after eating was approximately 0.16 ± 0.08 kcal/min higher than that through sitting. Blood glucose dynamics did not significantly differ between the standing and sitting positions. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the dynamics of the exogenous glucose metabolic rate between the standing and sitting positions. Standing for 2 h after a meal increased energy expenditure by 10.7 ± 4.6% without affecting glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kono
- Graduate School of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kento Furuta
- Graduate School of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takumi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Health Science, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka 559-8611, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Ueda
- Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Trinity JD, Drummond MJ, Fermoyle CC, McKenzie AI, Supiano MA, Richardson RS. Cardiovasomobility: an integrative understanding of how disuse impacts cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:835-861. [PMID: 35112929 PMCID: PMC8934676 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00607.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovasomobility is a novel concept that encompasses the integration of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function in health and disease with critical modification by physical activity, or lack thereof. Compelling evidence indicates that physical activity improves health while a sedentary, or inactive, lifestyle accelerates cardiovascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction and hastens disease progression. Identifying causative factors for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction, especially in humans, has proven difficult due to the limitations associated with cross-sectional investigations. Therefore, experimental models of physical inactivity and disuse, which mimic hospitalization, injury, and illness, provide important insight into the mechanisms and consequences of vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction. This review provides an overview of the experimental models of disuse and inactivity and focuses on the integrated responses of the vasculature and skeletal muscle in response to disuse/inactivity. The time course and magnitude of dysfunction evoked by various models of disuse/inactivity are discussed in detail, and evidence in support of the critical roles of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress are presented. Lastly, strategies aimed at preserving vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction during disuse/inactivity are reviewed. Within the context of cardiovasomobility, experimental manipulation of physical activity provides valuable insight into the mechanisms responsible for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction that limit mobility, degrade quality of life, and hasten the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Trinity
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Caitlin C Fermoyle
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark A Supiano
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Prolonged standing increases lower limb arterial stiffness. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2249-2258. [PMID: 30076480 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Standing workstations have recently been promoted as a healthy alternative to sitting. However, it is unknown how prolonged standing affects arterial stiffness, a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular health. The purpose of this study was twofold: to observe changes in arterial stiffness, as assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV), with a 2-h bout of standing, and to determine if short, intermittent walking bouts provide a comparative advantage to standing alone. METHODS Nineteen adults had arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity. Central (CPWV), upper peripheral (UPWV), and lower peripheral (LPWV) PWV were assessed before (supine), during standing (min 10, 60, and 120), and after (supine) the 2-h standing bout. In one trial, the participants stood at a standing desk immobile for 2 h. In the other trial, participants performed 5-min walking breaks after every 25 min of standing. RESULTS After 2-h of standing, supine (85.8 ± 90.1 cm/s) and standing (303.4 ± 390.2 cm/s), LPWV increased independent of trial (i.e., main effect of time; p < 0.001). Walking breaks during 2 h of standing did not significantly attenuate these changes. In addition, standing CPWV decreased over time (- 38.5 ± 61.5 cm/s; p = 0.04). Yet, UPWV, standing or supine, did not change over the course of standing (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that prolonged standing increases the measures of arterial stiffness and there is no evidence that walk breaks attenuate this response.
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Fenton SAM, Sandoo A, Metsios GS, Duda JL, Kitas GD, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS. Sitting time is negatively related to microvascular endothelium-dependent function in rheumatoid arthritis. Microvasc Res 2018; 117:57-60. [PMID: 29355580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), but the biological processes underlying this relationship are not understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the cross-sectional associations of habitual sedentary behaviour, with endothelial function in RA. METHODS Sixty-eight RA patients (Mage = 55 ± 12 years) underwent Laser Doppler Imaging with iontophoresis, to assess microvascular endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) function. Large-vessel endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent functions were measured via flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and glyceryl trinitrate dilation (GTN), respectively. Habitual sedentary behaviour (hours/week sitting) was self-reported (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). RESULTS Regressions revealed sitting time significantly negatively predicted microvascular endothelium-dependent function (ACh, unstandardizedβ = -3.25, p = .02, 95% CI [-6.07, -.42], R2 = 0.06), but did not associate with other endothelial function outcomes (SNP, FMD, GTN). CONCLUSION Habitual sedentary behaviour (sitting time) appears to be adversely linked to microvascular endothelium-dependent function among people living with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A M Fenton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom.
| | - Aamer Sandoo
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - George S Metsios
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health Education and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Joan L Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - George D Kitas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - Jet J C S Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom
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