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Morales-Salazar I, Montes-Enríquez FP, Garduño-Albino CE, García-Sánchez MA, Ibarra IA, Rojas-Aguirre Y, García-Hernández ME, Sarmiento-Silva RE, Alcaraz-Estrada SL, Díaz-Cervantes E, González-Zamora E, Islas-Jácome A. Synthesis of bis-furyl-pyrrolo[3,4- b]pyridin-5-ones via Ugi-Zhu reaction and in vitro activity assays against human SARS-CoV-2 and in silico studies on its main proteins. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:154-165. [PMID: 36760742 PMCID: PMC9890515 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An Ugi-Zhu three-component reaction (UZ-3CR) coupled in one pot manner to a cascade process (N-acylation/aza Diels-Alder cycloaddition/decarboxylation/dehydration) was performed to synthesize a series of bis-furyl-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-ones in 45 to 82% overall yields using ytterbium triflate as a catalyst, toluene as a solvent, and microwaves as a heat source. The synthesized molecules were evaluated in vitro against human SARS-CoV-2 through a time-of-addition approach, finding that compound 1e, at a concentration of 10.0 μM, exhibited a significant reduction at the initial infection stages, thus showing prophylactic potential. On the other hand, it was found that compound 1d, at the same concentration, was significantly active when applied post-infection, thus exhibiting a therapeutic profile. Moreover, compound 1f showed both, prophylactic and therapeutic activity. Then, to understand interactions between synthesized compounds and the main proteins related to the virus, docking studies were performed on spike-glycoprotein, main-protease, and Nsp3 protein, finding moderate to strong binding energies, matching accurately with the in vitro results. Additionally, a pharmacophore model was computed behind further rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Morales-Salazar
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección Iztapalapa Ciudad de México C.P. 09310 Mexico
| | - Flora P Montes-Enríquez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección Iztapalapa Ciudad de México C.P. 09310 Mexico
| | - Carlos E Garduño-Albino
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección Iztapalapa Ciudad de México C.P. 09310 Mexico
| | - M A García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección Iztapalapa Ciudad de México C.P. 09310 Mexico
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Yareli Rojas-Aguirre
- Departamento de Polímeros, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Montserrat Elemi García-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Rosa Elena Sarmiento-Silva
- Laboratorio de Virología y Laboratorio Mixto Internacional ELDORADO, Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán Ciudad de México C.P. 04510 Mexico
| | - Sofía Lizeth Alcaraz-Estrada
- División de Medicina Genómica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, ISSSTE Félix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle Sur Benito Juárez Ciudad de México C.P. 03100 Mexico
| | - Erik Díaz-Cervantes
- Departamento de Alimentos, Centro Interdisciplinario del Noreste, Universidad de Guanajuato Tierra Blanca Guanajuato C.P. 37975 Mexico
| | - Eduardo González-Zamora
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección Iztapalapa Ciudad de México C.P. 09310 Mexico
| | - Alejandro Islas-Jácome
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección Iztapalapa Ciudad de México C.P. 09310 Mexico
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Fé LXSGM, Cipolatti EP, Pinto MCC, Branco S, Nogueira FCS, Ortiz GMD, Pinheiro ADS, Manoel EA. Enzymes in the time of COVID-19: An overview about the effects in the human body, enzyme market, and perspectives for new drugs. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2126-2167. [PMID: 35762498 PMCID: PMC9350392 DOI: 10.1002/med.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rising pandemic caused by a coronavirus, resulted in a scientific quest to discover some effective treatments against its etiologic agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This research represented a significant scientific landmark and resulted in many medical advances. However, efforts to understand the viral mechanism of action and how the human body machinery is subverted during the infection are still ongoing. Herein, we contributed to this field with this compilation of the roles of both viral and human enzymes in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this sense, this overview reports that proteases are vital for the infection to take place: from SARS‐CoV‐2 perspective, the main protease (Mpro) and papain‐like protease (PLpro) are highlighted; from the human body, angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2, transmembrane serine protease‐2, and cathepsins (CatB/L) are pointed out. In addition, the influence of the virus on other enzymes is reported as the JAK/STAT pathway and the levels of lipase, enzymes from the cholesterol metabolism pathway, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase are also be disturbed in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Finally, this paper discusses the importance of detailed enzymatic studies for future treatments against SARS‐CoV‐2, and how some issues related to the syndrome treatment can create opportunities in the biotechnological market of enzymes and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Xavier Soares Gomes Moura Fé
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Pereira Cipolatti
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martina Costa Cerqueira Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Chemical Engineering Program, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suema Branco
- Biofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisela Maria Dellamora Ortiz
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Sá Pinheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evelin Andrade Manoel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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