1
|
Diomede F, Guarnieri S, Lanuti P, Konstantinidou F, Gatta V, Rajan TS, Pierdomenico SD, Trubiani O, Marconi GD, Pizzicannella J. Extracellular vesicles (EVs): A promising therapeutic tool in the heart tissue regeneration. Biofactors 2024; 50:509-522. [PMID: 38131134 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment has been widely explored as a therapy for myocardial infarction, peripheral ischemic vascular diseases, dilated cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Latest in vitro studies suggest that MSCs can differentiate into contractile cardiomyocytes. One of the best-characterized MSCs products are MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are crucial paracrine effectors of MSCs. Based on previous works, paracrine effects of MSCs play a primary role in the regenerative ability. Hence, in the current paper, we focused our attention on an alternative approach, exploiting products derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) rather than MSCs themselves, which may denote a cost-effective and safer approach. The focus has been on EVs and the bioactive molecules they contain to evaluate their ability to influence the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage. The expression of GATA4, ACTC1, CX43, and Nkx2.5 was evaluated using Immunofluorescence, real time-PCR, and Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, the expression profiling analysis of the microRNA hsa-miR-200c-3p, targeting the GATA4 gene, was studied. The hsa-miR-200c-3p was found significantly down-regulated in both c-hDPSCs + EVs-hDPSCs and c-hDPSCs + EVs-HL-1 compared to untreated c-hDPSCs underlying a possible epigenetic mechanism behind the prevalent up-regulation of its targeted GATA4 gene. The aim of the present work was to develop an in vitro model of hDPSCs able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in order to investigate the role of EVs derived from hDPSCs and derived from HL-1 cardiomyocyte cell line in modulating the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- Research and Development Unit, Theertha Biopharma Private limited, KIADB, Industrial Area, Bangalore, India
| | - Sante D Pierdomenico
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li KX, Li JR, Zuo SJ, Li X, Chen XT, Xiao PY, Li HT, Sun L, Qian T, Zhang HM, Zhu D, Yu XY, Chen G, Jiang XY. Identification of miR-20b-5p as an inhibitory regulator in cardiac differentiation via TET2 and DNA hydroxymethylation. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:42. [PMID: 38491513 PMCID: PMC10943922 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent congenital cardiac malformation, which lacks effective early biological diagnosis and intervention. MicroRNAs, as epigenetic regulators of cardiac development, provide potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD. However, the mechanisms underlying miRNAs-mediated regulation of cardiac development and CHD malformation remain to be further elucidated. This study aimed to explore the function of microRNA-20b-5p (miR-20b-5p) in cardiac development and CHD pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS miRNA expression profiling identified that miR-20b-5p was significantly downregulated during a 12-day cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), whereas it was markedly upregulated in plasma samples of atrial septal defect (ASD) patients. Our results further revealed that miR-20b-5p suppressed hESCs-derived cardiac differentiation by targeting tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, leading to a reduction in key cardiac transcription factors including GATA4, NKX2.5, TBX5, MYH6 and cTnT. Additionally, knockdown of TET2 significantly inhibited cardiac differentiation, which could be partially restored by miR-20b-5p inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study provides compelling evidence that miR-20b-5p functions as an inhibitory regulator in hESCs-derived cardiac differentiation by targeting TET2, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Li
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jia-Ru Li
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zuo
- Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xian-Tong Chen
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Pei-Yi Xiao
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hui-Tao Li
- Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiac Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hao-Min Zhang
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xue-Yan Jiang
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wagh V, Nguemo F, Kiseleva Z, Mader RM, Hescheler J, Mohl W. Circulating microRNAs and cardiomyocyte proliferation in heart failure patients related to 10 years survival. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3559-3572. [PMID: 37752740 PMCID: PMC10682869 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mechanochemical signalling drives organogenesis and is highly conserved in mammal evolution. Regaining recovery in myocardial jeopardy by inducing principles linking cardiovascular therapy and clinical outcome has been the dream of scientists for decades. Concepts involving embryonic pathways to regenerate adult failing hearts became popular in the early millennium. Since then, abundant data on stem cell research have been published, never reaching widespread application in heart failure therapy. Another conceptual access, using mechanotransduction in cardiac veins to limit myocardial decay, is pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO). Recently, we reported acute molecular signs and signals of PICSO activating regulatory miRNA and inducing cell proliferation mimicking cardiac development in adult failing hearts. According to a previously formulated hypothesis, 'embryonic recall', this study aimed to define molecular signals involved in endogenous heart repair during PICSO and study their relation to patient survival. METHODS AND RESULTS We previously reported a study on the acute molecular effects of PICSO in an observational non-randomized study. Eight out of the thirty-two patients with advanced heart failure undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) were treated with PICSO. Survival was monitored over 10 years, and coronary sinus blood samples were collected during intervention before and after 20 min and tested for miRNA signalling and proliferation when co-cultured with cardiomyocytes. A numerically lower death rate post-CRT and PICSO as compared with control CRT only, and a non-significant reduction in all-cause mortality risk of 42% was observed (37.5% vs. 54.0%, relative risk = 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.17-2.05; P = 0.402). Four miRNAs involved in cell cycle, proliferation, morphogenesis, embryonic development, and apoptosis significantly increased concomitantly in survivors and PICSO compared with a decrease in non-survivors (hsa-miR Let7b, P < 0.01; hsa-miR- 421, P < 0.006; hsa-miR 363-3p, P < 0.03 and hsa-miR 19b-3p P < 0.01). In contrast, three miRNAs involved in proliferation and survival, determining cell fate, and recycling endosomes decreased in survivors and PICSO (hsa miR 101-3p, P < 0.03; hsa-miR 25-3p, P < 002; hsa-miR 30d-5p P < 0.04). In vitro cellular proliferation increased in survivors and lowered in non-survivors showing a pattern distinction, discriminating longevity according to up to 10-year survival in heart failure patients. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes that generating regenerative signals observed during PICSO intervention relate to patient outcomes. Morphogenetic pathways induced by periods of flow reversal in cardiac veins in a domino-like pattern transform embryonic into regenerative signals. Studies supporting the conversion of mechanochemical signals into regenerative molecules during PICSO are warranted to substantiate predictive power on patient longevity, opening new therapeutic avenues in otherwise untreatable heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilas Wagh
- Merck Research LabsBostonMAUSA
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of NeurophysiologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of NeurophysiologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Zlata Kiseleva
- Department of Cardiac Surgery emeritusMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Robert M. Mader
- Department of Medicine IMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Juergen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of NeurophysiologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery emeritusMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kmiotek-Wasylewska K, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Karnas E, Orpel M, Woźnicka O, Madeja Z, Dawn B, Zuba-Surma EK. Anti-inflammatory, Anti-fibrotic and Pro-cardiomyogenic Effects of Genetically Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Enriched in miR-1 and miR-199a on Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2756-2773. [PMID: 37700183 PMCID: PMC10661813 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Emerging evidence indicates that stem cell (SC)- derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying bioactive miRNAs are able to repair damaged or infarcted myocardium and ameliorate adverse remodeling. Fibroblasts represent a major cell population responsible for scar formation in the damaged heart. However, the effects of EVs on cardiac fibroblast (CFs) biology and function has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To analyze the biological impact of stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) enriched in miR-1 and miR-199a on CFs and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Genetically engineered human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS) and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) expressing miR-1 or miR-199a were used to produce miR-EVs. Cells and EVs were thoughtfully analyzed for miRNA expression using RT-qPCR method. Both hiPS-miRs-EVs and UC-MSC-miRs-EVs effectively transferred miRNAs to recipient CFs, however, hiPS-miRs-EVs triggered cardiomyogenic gene expression in CFs more efficiently than UC-MSC-miRs-EVs. Importantly, hiPS-miR-1-EVs exhibited cytoprotective effects on CFs by reducing apoptosis, decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCL2, IL-1β, IL-8) and downregulating the expression of a pro-fibrotic gene - α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Notably, we identified a novel role of miR-199a-3p delivered by hiPS-EVs to CFs, in triggering the expression of cardiomyogenic genes (NKX2.5, TNTC, MEF2C) and ion channels involved in cardiomyocyte contractility (HCN2, SCN5A, KCNJ2, KCND3). By targeting SERPINE2, miR-199a-3p may reduce pro-fibrotic properties of CFs, whereas miR-199a-5p targeted BCAM and TSPAN6, which may be implicated in downregulation of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS hiPS-EVs carrying miR-1 and miR-199a attenuate apoptosis and pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory activities of CFs, and increase cardiomyogenic gene expression. These finding serve as rationale for targeting fibroblasts with novel EV-based miRNA therapies to improve heart repair after myocardial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kmiotek-Wasylewska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Orpel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Woźnicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1701 W Charleston Blvd., Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA
| | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scalise M, Marino F, Salerno L, Amato N, Quercia C, Siracusa C, Filardo A, Chiefalo A, Pagano L, Misdea G, Salerno N, De Angelis A, Urbanek K, Viglietto G, Torella D, Cianflone E. Adult Multipotent Cardiac Progenitor-Derived Spheroids: A Reproducible Model of In Vitro Cardiomyocyte Commitment and Specification. Cells 2023; 12:1793. [PMID: 37443827 PMCID: PMC10341123 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional cell culture systems hold great promise for bridging the gap between in vitro cell-based model systems and small animal models to study tissue biology and disease. Among 3D cell culture systems, stem-cell-derived spheroids have attracted significant interest as a strategy to better mimic in vivo conditions. Cardiac stem cell/progenitor (CSC)-derived spheroids (CSs) provide a relevant platform for cardiac regeneration. METHODS We compared three different cell culture scaffold-free systems, (i) ultra-low attachment plates, (ii) hanging drops (both requiring a 2D/3D switch), and (iii) agarose micro-molds (entirely 3D), for CSC-derived CS formation and their cardiomyocyte commitment in vitro. RESULTS The switch from a 2D to a 3D culture microenvironment per se guides cell plasticity and myogenic differentiation within CS and is necessary for robust cardiomyocyte differentiation. On the contrary, 2D monolayer CSC cultures show a significant reduced cardiomyocyte differentiation potential compared to 3D CS culture. Forced aggregation into spheroids using hanging drop improves CS myogenic differentiation when compared to ultra-low attachment plates. Performing CS formation and myogenic differentiation exclusively in 3D culture using agarose micro-molds maximizes the cardiomyocyte yield. CONCLUSIONS A 3D culture system instructs CS myogenic differentiation, thus representing a valid model that can be used to study adult cardiac regenerative biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (F.M.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (F.M.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Luca Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (F.M.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Nunzia Amato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.A.); (C.Q.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Claudia Quercia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.A.); (C.Q.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Chiara Siracusa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.A.); (C.Q.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Andrea Filardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.A.); (C.Q.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Antonio Chiefalo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (F.M.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Loredana Pagano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.A.); (C.Q.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Misdea
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (F.M.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Nadia Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (F.M.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 88121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (F.M.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (F.M.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (G.M.); (N.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.A.); (C.Q.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molinaro C, Scalise M, Leo I, Salerno L, Sabatino J, Salerno N, De Rosa S, Torella D, Cianflone E, Marino F. Polarizing Macrophage Functional Phenotype to Foster Cardiac Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10747. [PMID: 37445929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in understanding the connection between the immune and cardiovascular systems, which are highly integrated and communicate through finely regulated cross-talking mechanisms. Recent evidence has demonstrated that the immune system does indeed have a key role in the response to cardiac injury and in cardiac regeneration. Among the immune cells, macrophages appear to have a prominent role in this context, with different subtypes described so far that each have a specific influence on cardiac remodeling and repair. Similarly, there are significant differences in how the innate and adaptive immune systems affect the response to cardiac damage. Understanding all these mechanisms may have relevant clinical implications. Several studies have already demonstrated that stem cell-based therapies support myocardial repair. However, the exact role that cardiac macrophages and their modulation may have in this setting is still unclear. The current need to decipher the dual role of immunity in boosting both heart injury and repair is due, at least for a significant part, to unresolved questions related to the complexity of cardiac macrophage phenotypes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the role of the immune system, and of macrophages in particular, in the response to cardiac injury and to outline, through the modulation of the immune response, potential novel therapeutic strategies for cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Molinaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Leo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|