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Hozeili E, Azimi T, Ahmadi A, Khoramshahi H, Tahmasebi N, Dastoorpoor M. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the stuttering generalization self-measure tool in adults who stutter. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2024; 80:106056. [PMID: 38503058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aimed to translate the Stuttering Generalization Self-Measure (SGSM) into Persian and investigate its validity, reliability, and internal responsiveness in the Iranian population. METHOD This study was conducted on 30 adults who stutter (AWS) and 30 adults who do not stutter (AWNS). The International Quality of Life Assessment protocol (IQOLA) was applied to translate SGSM into Persian. The face and content validity were determined. Also, the discriminant validity was evaluated by comparing the scores of two groups. In addition, the internal consistency test-retest, and inter-judge reliability were assessed with Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Moreover, the mean standardized response (MSR) and the standardized effect size were measured to determine the internal responsiveness using pre- and post-treatment data. RESULTS All the items were comprehensible and clear. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) for all nine questions were obtained higher than.62 and.9, respectively. The internal consistency value was high (Cronbach's alpha =.98). For the test-retest reliability, ICC values were excellent, ranging from.93 to.99. The discriminant validity results revealed a significant difference between AWS and AWNS (p < .001). Pre- and post-treatment results indicated high internal responsiveness to changes for percentage of syllable stuttered (SS%) (MSR = 1.09). CONCLUSION The Persian version of SGSM (P-SGSM) benefits from the high values for validity and reliability. Furthermore, it distinguishes the AWS and AWNS and reflects the treatment changes significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam Hozeili
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tabassom Azimi
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Akram Ahmadi
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hassan Khoramshahi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Neda Tahmasebi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Dsouza AJ, Manivannan V, Maruthy S. Expectations from stuttering therapy: Qualitative content analysis of client's perspective in Kannada-speaking adults who stutter. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2024; 107:106388. [PMID: 37979437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2023.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study was carried out to explore clients' expectations from stuttering therapy using the qualitative content method in the Indian context. METHOD Twenty-one Kannada-speaking adults who stutter between the age range of 18-33 years participated in the study. The procedure involved three phases, including the formulation of semi-structured interview questions, data collection and analysis. Inductive content analysis was used to determine the categories and sub-categories arising from the participants verbatim. The frequency count of emerging sub-categories was completed, and the data was interpreted. RESULTS The overall analysis of the data obtained from 21 participants generated three categories under the theme of expectations from speech therapy. The categories generated included beliefs and understanding of stuttering, stuttering and related behaviours, and goals and outcome of therapy. CONCLUSION Selecting personalised goals and techniques during therapy is necessary to improve client satisfaction. This study helps clinicians to understand the anticipatory beliefs of Kannada-speaking adults who stutter and educate them about achievable and realistic goals, leading to shared decision-making to ensure better quality of life and satisfaction in everyday speaking situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J Dsouza
- All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
| | - Vasupradaa Manivannan
- Department of Speech-Language Sciences, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
| | - Santosh Maruthy
- Department of Speech-Language Sciences, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India.
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Tichenor SE, Constantino C, Yaruss JS. A Point of View About Fluency. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:645-652. [PMID: 34982943 PMCID: PMC9135003 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article presents several potential concerns with the common usage of the term fluency in the study of stuttering and people who stutter (or, as many speakers now prefer, stutterers). Our goal is to bridge gaps between clinicians, researchers, and stutterers to foster a greater sense of collaboration and understanding regarding the words that are used and meanings that are intended. METHOD We begin by reviewing the history of the term fluency. We then explore its usage and current connotations to examine whether the term meaningfully describes constructs that are relevant to the study of the stuttering condition. RESULTS By highlighting current research and perspectives of stutterers, we conclude that the term fluency (a) is not fully inclusive, (b) encourages the use of misleading measurement procedures, (c) constrains the subjective experience of stuttering within a false binary categorization, and (d) perpetuates a cycle of stigma that is detrimental to stutterers and to the stuttering community as a whole. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that researchers and clinicians cease referring to stuttering as a fluency disorder and simply refer to it as stuttering. Furthermore, we recommend that researchers and clinicians distinguish between moments of stuttering (i.e., what stutterers experience when they lose control of their speech or feel stuck) and the overall lived experience of the stuttering condition.
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Sønsterud H, Halvorsen MS, Feragen KB, Kirmess M, Ward D. What works for whom? Multidimensional individualized stuttering therapy (MIST). JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2020; 88:106052. [PMID: 33080388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.106052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reports outcomes from a stuttering therapy approach that combines value and awareness-based elements from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with those of stuttering and speech modification interventions. The approach, entitled Multidimensional Individualized Stuttering Therapy (MIST), includes a combined clinician and client selection of factors across five areas: 1) general breathing patterns and body tension, 2) breathing patterns during speech production, 3) vocal features in speech production, 4) value and mindfulness-based strategies, and 5) general communication and/or presentation skills. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether the MIST a) reduces the impact of stuttering and stuttering severity, and b) has a positive impact on speaking ability, confidence in communication, avoidance-behavior, and quality of life. METHOD Eighteen adults, age 21-61 years took part in an A-B-A multiple case study design. Participants underwent a pre-clinic assessment phase, followed by 10 h of therapy over four sessions administered by an experienced speech-language therapist. Outcome measures examined both psychosocial and behavioral aspects of therapy three-, six- and twelve-months post-therapy. RESULTS Most participants chose elements from at least four of the five areas of focus. There was a significant reduction in the impact of stuttering at both 6- and 12-months post-therapy, with moderate (d = .71) to very large (d = 1.06) effect sizes. A strong association was found between overall satisfaction with MIST and improved speaking abilities. Moderate to strong associations were also found between experienced speaking abilities, confidence in communication, reduction in avoidance behaviors and improved quality of life. DISCUSSION Findings indicate that MIST can be effective in managing adult stuttering. The findings highlight the importance of shared decision making and personal considerations using flexible therapy approaches that integrate stuttering and speech modification interventions with value and awareness-based skills. The nature of a multidimensional individualized approach, as shown in this study, highlights the importance of adjusting the relative weighting of different subcomponents according to each individual's needs and goals. CONCLUSION MIST was shown to be efficacious in clinical settings and effective in real life settings. Findings were promising, despite a relatively small sample, and replication by other SLPs and with larger samples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Sønsterud
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Speech and Language Disorders, Statped, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | - Melanie Kirmess
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - David Ward
- University of Reading, Department of Speech Research Laboratory, United Kingdom
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Sønsterud H, Feragen KB, Kirmess M, Halvorsen MS, Ward D. What do people search for in stuttering therapy: Personal goal-setting as a gold standard? JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2020; 85:105944. [PMID: 31607438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stuttering affects people in individual ways, and there are multiple factors which may influence a person's goals when seeking therapy. Even though there is a common consensus that speech-language pathologists should discuss the individual's goals and expectations for stuttering therapy and outcomes, few studies have systematically investigated this issue. The aims of the present study were to investigate individual motivations and goal-setting related factors in stuttering therapy. The associations between self-reported impact of stuttering and the participants' perceptions of stuttering interference in communication, speaking abilities, and relationships with other people were also investigated. METHOD This study is part of a wider-ranging treatment study of individualized stuttering management tailored to the participants' personal goals and preferences. A mixed method, multiple single-case design was used to address the research questions. Twenty-one adults, age 21-61 years, took part in a pretherapy interview, which also included two quantitative measures: the Client Preferences for Stuttering Therapy-Extended version (CPST-E) and the Overall Assessment of Speakers' Experience of Stuttering-Adult version (OASES-A). Findings from the study sample was compared with a Norwegian reference group, in order to check for the representativeness of the study sample. RESULTS Quantitative data showed that most participants wanted to focus on both physical and psychological aspects of therapy, and that 95% considered 'to gain a sense of control over the stuttering' as important. Participants' perspectives on their speaking ability and stuttering interference in communication were identified as central factors, particularly in social and professional settings. These outcomes aligned well with the finding of avoidance behaviors, such as avoiding words and speaking situations. Qualitative data identified four main areas that the participants wanted to improve: speech fluency, emotional functioning, activity and participation, and understanding of their stuttering. CONCLUSION The study confirms that multiple and individual factors may influence the person's goals for therapy. Goals were mainly anchored in participants' wish of better coping in real world settings. A high degree of avoidance behavior was reported, suggesting that anxiety, and in particular linguistic-related anxiety needs to be taken into account when addressing social anxiety in fluency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Sønsterud
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Statped, Department of Speech and Language Disorders, Norway.
| | | | - Melanie Kirmess
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Norway; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Norway
| | | | - David Ward
- University of Reading, Speech Research Laboratory, England, United Kingdom
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Lo ESC, Wong AWK, Tse ACY, Ma EPM, Whitehill TL, Masters RSW. Development of a Psychometric Measure of the Propensity to Consciously Control and Monitor Speech Production. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:963-982. [PMID: 32310711 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A speech-specific reinvestment scale (SSRS) is a psychometric measure of the propensity to consciously control and monitor speech production. This study develops and validates an SSRS as well as examines its relationship with speech performance with the moderating effects of trait social anxieties (i.e., social interaction anxiety, public speaking anxiety, and social phobia). Method Scale development involves the following stages: (a) initial item generation based on relevant literature, (b) item evaluation through cognitive interviews with 24 healthy respondents, (c) scale reliability and validity tests using cross-sectional survey data from 498 healthy respondents, and (d) test-retest reliability assessment using longitudinal survey data from 185 healthy respondents. Respondents' speech performance is quantified using speech examination scores. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses are conducted to examine the moderating effects of trait social anxieties. Results The validated SSRS comprises 35 items, which can be categorized into four subdimensions, namely, speech movement self-consciousness, public consciousness of speech content, speech manner, and speech movement. Results show that respondents with low trait social anxieties indicate a generally positive relationship between public consciousness of speech movement and speech performance, whereas respondents with high trait social anxieties exhibit a nonsignificant relationship. Conclusions SSRS offers a reliable and valid method for assessing the predisposition for conscious speech control and monitoring, which plays a role in speech performance and is moderated by an individual's level of trait social anxiety. SSRS is a potential assessment tool for speech-language pathologists to evaluate the impacts of conscious speech control and monitoring on individuals with speech impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Siu-Chung Lo
- Nam Shan Psychology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Andus Wing-Kuen Wong
- Nam Shan Psychology Laboratory, Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy Choi-Yeung Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Tara L Whitehill
- Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Rich S W Masters
- Te Huataki Waiora Faculty of Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Sønsterud H, Kirmess M, Howells K, Ward D, Feragen KB, Halvorsen MS. The working alliance in stuttering treatment: a neglected variable? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2019; 54:606-619. [PMID: 30866151 PMCID: PMC6617998 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors can influence the working alliance and treatment outcome in speech and language therapy. The 'working alliance' is an important concept in treatment and can be described as the degree to which a treatment dyad is engaged in collaborative, purposive work. To date, relatively little attention has been paid to this concept within speech and language treatment in general, and within stuttering treatment research in particular. AIMS To investigate the role of the working alliance within stuttering treatment, and to evaluate whether the quality of the working alliance correlated with clients' concept of motivation and treatment outcomes 6 months post-therapy. METHODS & PROCEDURES Eighteen adults (21-61 years) participated in this multiple single-case treatment study, with treatment facilitated by an experienced speech and language therapist. The working alliance was investigated using the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Version Revised (WAI-SR), an Extended version of the Client Preferences for Stuttering Treatment (CPST-E), the Overall Assessment of Speakers' Experience of Stuttering-Adult version (OASES-A), the Wright & Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile (WASSP) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). OUTCOMES & RESULTS Analyses demonstrated significant associations between the working alliance and client motivation (r = 0.781) and treatment outcomes (r = 0.644) 6 months post-treatment. The association between client-led goals and therapy tasks appeared particularly important. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The working alliance between speech and language therapists and persons who stutter matters. Within the alliance, the level of client-clinician agreement on treatment goals and therapy tasks may be of greater importance than the bond between client and clinician. Further research with greater numbers of participants is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Sønsterud
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- StatpedDepartment of Speech and Language DisordersOsloNorway
| | - Melanie Kirmess
- Department of Special Needs EducationUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation HospitalNorway
| | | | - David Ward
- University of ReadingSpeech Research LaboratoryReadingUK
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Karimi H, Onslow M, Jones M, O'Brian S, Packman A, Menzies R, Reilly S, Sommer M, Jelčić-Jakšić S. The Satisfaction with Communication in Everyday Speaking Situations (SCESS) scale: An overarching outcome measure of treatment effect. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2018; 58:77-85. [PMID: 30392583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement strongly suggests one primary outcome for clinical trials, yet the outcomes of stuttering treatments span numerous behavioral and psychosocial domains. That presents a roadblock to eventual meta-analysis of clinical trials for adults who stutter. METHOD We propose a simple and convenient outcome measure for clinical trials of stuttering treatment for adults that spans whatever behavioral and psychosocial factors might impel clients to seek treatment: a nine-point scale of Satisfaction with Communication in Everyday Speaking Situations (SCESS). The scale consists of one question which is simple, brief, easy to administer, cost-free, and translatable into many languages. The present report develops the SCESS scale by determining its reliability, content validity, and construct validity. RESULTS Reliability, content validity, and construct validity of the SCESS were confirmed with statistically significant and substantive correlations with speech-related and anxiety-related measures. However, the SCESS did not correlate well with percentage syllables stuttered. Three behavioral and psychosocial measures had the highest correlation with the SCESS: total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering, self-reported stuttering severity, and Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering. CONCLUSION The SCESS measure has potential to be applied as an overarching clinical trial outcome measure of stuttering treatment effect. This study provides some preliminary evidence for including it as a primary or secondary outcome in clinical trials of adult stuttering treatments. However, further studies are needed to establish the SCESS responsiveness to different stuttering treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Karimi
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Stuttering Research Centre, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW, 1825, Australia.
| | - Mark Onslow
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Stuttering Research Centre, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW, 1825, Australia.
| | - Mark Jones
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Level 2, Public Health Building, Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Sue O'Brian
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Stuttering Research Centre, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW, 1825, Australia.
| | - Ann Packman
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Stuttering Research Centre, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW, 1825, Australia.
| | - Ross Menzies
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Science, Australian Stuttering Research Centre, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW, 1825, Australia.
| | | | - Martin Sommer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
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Tichenor S, Yaruss JS. A Phenomenological Analysis of the Experience of Stuttering. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2018; 27:1180-1194. [PMID: 30347062 DOI: 10.1044/2018_ajslp-odc11-17-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stuttering behaviors and moments of stuttering are typically defined by what a listener perceives. This study evaluated participants' perceptions of their own experience of moments of stuttering. METHOD Thirteen adults who stutter participated in a phenomenological qualitative study examining their experience of moments of stuttering. Analysis yielded several common themes and subthemes culminating in an essential structure describing the shared experience. RESULTS Speakers experience anticipation and react in action and nonaction ways. Many speakers experience a loss of control that relates to a lack of a well-formed speech plan or agency. The experience of moments of stuttering changes through therapy, over time, with self-help, and across situations. Many speakers experience so-called typical stuttering behaviors as reactions rather than direct consequences of trying to speak. Interactions with listeners can affect the experience of stuttering. CONCLUSION Although research recognizes that the experience of the stuttering disorder involves more than just speech behaviors, people who stutter experience stuttering behaviors in time as involving more than just the disruption in speech. This finding has implications for both the theoretical understanding of stuttering and the clinical evaluation and treatment of the stuttering disorder.
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Marcotte AK. Evidence, Goals, and Outcomes in Stuttering Treatment: Applications With an Adolescent Who Stutters. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2018; 49:23-32. [DOI: 10.1044/2017_lshss-17-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this clinical focus article is to summarize 1 possible process that a clinician might follow in designing and conducting a treatment program with John, a 14-year-old male individual who stutters.
Method
The available research evidence, practitioner experience, and consideration of individual preferences are combined to address goals, treatment procedures, and outcomes for John.
Conclusions
The stuttering treatment research literature includes multiple well-designed reviews and individual studies that have shown the effectiveness of prolonged speech (and smooth speech and related variations) for improving stuttered speech and for improving social, emotional, cognitive, and related variables in adolescents who stutter. Based on that evidence, and incorporating the additional elements of practitioner experience and client preferences, this clinical focus article suggests that John would be likely to benefit from a treatment program based on prolonged speech. The basic structure of 1 possible such program is also described, with an emphasis on the goals and outcomes that John could be expected to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Marcotte
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia, Athens
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Alameer M, Meteyard L, Ward D. Stuttering generalization self-measure: Preliminary development of a self-measuring tool. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2017; 53:41-51. [PMID: 28870333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Generalization of treatment is considered a difficult task for clinicians and people who stutter (PWS), and can constitute a barrier to long-term treatment success. To our knowledge, there are no standardized tests that collect measurement of the behavioral and cognitive aspects alongside the client's self-perception in real-life speaking situations. PURPOSE This paper describes the preliminary development of a Stuttering Generalization Self-Measure (SGSM). The purpose of SGSM is to assess 1) stuttering severity and 2) speech-anxiety level during real-life situations as perceived by PWS. Additionally, this measurement aims to 3) investigate correlations between stuttering severity and speech-anxiety level within the same real-life situation. METHOD The SGSM initially reported includes nine speaking situations designed that are developed to cover a variety of frequent speaking scenario situations. However, two of these were less commonly encountered by participants and subsequently not included in the final analyses. Items were created according to five listener categories (family and close friends, acquaintances, strangers, persons of authority, and giving a short speech to small audience). Forty-three participants (22 PWS, and 21 control) aged 18 to 53 years were asked to complete the assessment in real-life situations. RESULTS Analyses indicated that test-retest reliability was high for both groups. Discriminant validity was also achieved as the SGSM scores significantly differed between the controls and PWS two groups for stuttering and speech-anxiety. Convergent validity was confirmed by significant correlations between the SGSM and other speech-related anxiety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Ward
- University of Reading, United Kingdom; Apple House Centre for Stammering, United Kingdom
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Bothe Marcotte A, Santus NM. A Research-Based Clinical Tutorial in Adolescent Stuttering: Response to Coleman, Miller, and Weidner (2015). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1044/ffd25.2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coleman, Miller, and Weidner's (2015) recent clinical vignette and tutorial described one very common, broad-based, and theory-driven approach to treating stuttering in a 14-year-old boy. This response suggests that methods based on prolonged speech are better supported in our research literature; are effective, efficient, and well-received by clients; and allow clinicians using the principles of evidence-based practice to address and solve the concerns that clients have raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bothe Marcotte
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia
Athens, GA
| | - Nina M. Santus
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia
Athens, GA
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Ingham RJ, Ingham JC, Bothe AK, Wang Y, Kilgo M. Efficacy of the Modifying Phonation Intervals (MPI) Stuttering Treatment Program With Adults Who Stutter. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2015; 24:256-71. [PMID: 25633470 PMCID: PMC4610276 DOI: 10.1044/2015_ajslp-14-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared a new adult stuttering treatment program (Modifying Phonation Intervals, or MPI) with the standard of care for reducing stuttered speech in adults (prolonged speech). METHOD Twenty-seven adults who stutter were assigned to either MPI or prolonged speech treatment, both of which used similar infrastructures. Speech and related variables were assessed in 3 within-clinic and 3 beyond-clinic speaking situations for participants who successfully completed all treatment phases. RESULTS At transfer, maintenance, and follow-up, the speech of 14 participants who successfully completed treatment was similar to that of normally fluent adults. Successful participants also showed increased self-identification as a "normal speaker," decreased self-identification as a "stutterer," reduced short intervals of phonation, and some increased use of longer duration phonation intervals. Eleven successful participants received the MPI treatment, and 3 received the prolonged speech treatment. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes for successful participants were very similar for the 2 treatments. The much larger proportion of successful participants in the MPI group, however, combined with the predictive value of specific changes in PI durations suggest that MPI treatment was relatively more effective at assisting clients to identify and change the specific speech behaviors that are associated with successful treatment of stuttered speech in adults.
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Nippold MA. When a School-Age Child Stutters, Let’s Focus on the Primary Problem. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2012; 43:549-51. [DOI: 10.1044/0161-1461(2012/12-0054)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
In this reply to Yaruss, Coleman, and Quesal (2012), I explain why it is reasonable for speech-language pathologists to focus their attention on helping school-age children who stutter (CWS) achieve natural-sounding fluent speech. I also emphasize the necessity for clinical researchers to conduct high-quality treatment efficacy studies of school-age CWS.
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Abstract
Purpose
This prologue serves to introduce a research forum composed of studies that address the topic of stuttering in school-age children and adolescents. Researchers are encouraged to continue to build the knowledge base that sustains evidence-based practice in this area.
Method
The nature of stuttering as it evolves from early childhood into the school years is briefly described. Beyond the preschool years, children are unlikely to spontaneously recover from stuttering, and they often go on to suffer negative consequences, academically and socially, because of their disorder. If they are to overcome or manage their stuttering successfully, school-age children and adolescents require high-quality treatment. Three data-based studies that address the topic of stuttering in school-age children or adolescents are described, the ongoing need for empirical evidence regarding the management of stuttering is emphasized, and several issues relevant to future studies in this area are discussed.
Conclusion
Progress has occurred in the management of stuttering in school-age children and adolescents. Nevertheless, important questions remain unanswered concerning the most effective techniques and strategies to use in helping students who stutter achieve more fluent and natural-sounding speech in their quest to become more confident and effective communicators.
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