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Nicastri M, Dincer D'Alessandro H, Baccolini V, Migliara G, Sciurti A, De Vito C, Ranucci L, Giallini I, Greco A, Mancini P. Executive functions in preschool and school-age cochlear implant users: do they differ from their hearing peers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:579-600. [PMID: 37816839 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Executive functions (EF) play a fundamental role in planning and executing goal-driven behaviours. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate EF skills mastered by preschool/school-age cochlear implanted children (CIC) without morpho-functional abnormalities and to compare their outcomes with typically hearing children (THC). METHODS Bibliographic search for observational studies of any language/date up to 16 December 2022 was performed with the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After removal of duplicates, 2442 records were subjected to a three-stage screening process and 83 potentially eligible articles were identified. A total of 15 studies was included in the final analysis: 9 articles directly meeting the eligibility criteria plus 6 more studies thanks to the authors sharing their data set, specifically for participants who met present inclusion criteria. RESULTS Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference only for verbal short-term memory, whereas group differences for visuospatial short-term memory and verbal/visuospatial working memory were not significant. For fluency skills, meta-analysis revealed statistical significance for the semantic fluency task but not for the rapid naming test. Qualitative analysis reflected group similarities in flexibility but CIC's difficulties in auditory attention/planning skills. Controversial findings for inhibitory control skills were observed. CONCLUSIONS EF performance comparisons between CIC and THC show inter-skill and inter-test variances. Due to the paucity of existing studies, present findings should be interpreted with caution. Future research in this domain is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nicastri
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hilal Dincer D'Alessandro
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Sciurti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ranucci
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giallini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Kotowicz J, Woll B, Herman R. Executive Function in Deaf Native Signing Children. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2023:7152319. [PMID: 37141625 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is twofold: To examine if deafness is invariably associated with deficits in executive function (EF) and to investigate the relationship between sign language proficiency and EF in deaf children of deaf parents with early exposure to a sign language. It is also the first study of EF in children acquiring Polish Sign Language. Even though the mothers of the deaf children (N = 20) had lower levels of education compared with the mothers of a hearing control group, the children performed similarly to their hearing peers (N = 20) on a variety of EF task-based assessments. Only in the Go/No-go task were weaker inhibition skills observed in younger deaf children (6-9 years) compared with hearing peers, and this difference was not seen in older children (10-12 years). Hence, deafness does not necessarily impair EF; however, attentional and inhibition abilities may be acquired via a different route in deaf children. Sign language receptive skills predicted EF in deaf children. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of deaf parenting building the scaffolding for EF in deaf children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kotowicz
- Section for Sign Linguistics, Faculty of Polish Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bencie Woll
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Rosalind Herman
- Department of Language and Communication Science, City, University of London, UK
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Jamsek IA, Kronenberger WG, Pisoni DB, Holt RF. Executive functioning and spoken language skills in young children with hearing aids and cochlear implants: Longitudinal findings. Front Psychol 2022; 13:987256. [PMID: 36211872 PMCID: PMC9538668 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children who use auditory-oral communication display considerable variability in spoken language and executive functioning outcomes. Furthermore, language and executive functioning skills are strongly associated with each other in DHH children, which may be relevant for explaining this variability in outcomes. However, longitudinal investigations of language and executive functioning during the important preschool period of development in DHH children are rare. This study examined the predictive, reciprocal associations between executive functioning and spoken language over a 1-year period in samples of 53 DHH and 59 typically hearing (TH) children between ages 3-8 years at baseline. Participants were assessed on measures of receptive spoken language (vocabulary, sentence comprehension, and following spoken directions) and caregiver-completed executive functioning child behavior checklists during two in-person home visits separated by 1 year. In the sample of DHH children, better executive functioning at baseline (Time 1) was associated with better performance on the higher-order language measures (sentence comprehension and following spoken directions) 1 year later (Time 2). In contrast, none of the Time 1 language measures were associated with better executive functioning in Time 2 in the DHH sample. TH children showed no significant language-executive functioning correlations over the 1-year study period. In regression analyses controlling for Time 1 language scores, Time 1 executive functioning predicted Time 2 language outcomes in the combined DHH and TH samples, and for vocabulary, that association was stronger in the DHH than in the TH sample. In contrast, after controlling for Time 1 executive functioning, none of the regression analyses predicting Time 2 executive functioning from Time 1 language were statistically significant. These results are the first findings to demonstrate that everyday parent-rated executive functioning behaviors predict basic (vocabulary) and higher-order (comprehension, following directions) spoken language development 1 year later in young (3-8 year old) DHH children, even after accounting for initial baseline language skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela A. Jamsek
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Izabela A. Jamsek,
| | - William G. Kronenberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States,DeVault Otologic Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David B. Pisoni
- DeVault Otologic Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Rachael Frush Holt
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Blank A, Holt RF. Associations Between Paternal Play and Executive Function in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:3056-3078. [PMID: 35868293 PMCID: PMC9911117 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-21-00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Responsive and dynamic aspects of father-child play are associated with behavioral and neurocognitive development in children and could represent an important contributor to executive function (EF) skills for children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH). This study examined associations between paternal behaviors during play and EF skills of DHH children and children with typical hearing (TH). METHOD Father-child dyads in families with DHH children (n = 30) and TH children (n = 29) participated in a 15-min video-recorded free-play session that was coded for parental behaviors using Parent-Child Interaction Rating Scales and Rough and Tumble Play Quality. Families also completed an age-appropriate version of the Behavior Rating Index of Executive Function as a measure of child EF. RESULTS DHH children were rated as having significantly more everyday difficulties with working memory than TH children. Fathers of DHH children were rated as more intrusive during play than fathers of TH children; however, there were no other differences between paternal groups on coded dimensions of father child play. Paternal respect for child autonomy was associated with fewer child difficulties with planning and organization skills and paternal play engagement was associated with fewer child EF difficulties. Moderation analyses revealed that paternal sensitivity was associated with more working memory difficulties and paternal respect for child autonomy was associated with fewer working memory difficulties for DHH children only. CONCLUSIONS Paternal play could be an important environmental context for DHH outcomes. Fathers supporting independent play might generally support EF. Paternal engagement in play might also benefit EF. Results highlight paternal behavioral attributes that could lead to potential father-embedded intervention models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Blank
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Rachael Frush Holt
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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Giallini I, Nicastri M, Mariani L, Turchetta R, Ruoppolo G, de Vincentiis M, Vito CD, Sciurti A, Baccolini V, Mancini P. Benefits of Parent Training in the Rehabilitation of Deaf or Hard of Hearing Children of Hearing Parents: A Systematic Review. Audiol Res 2021; 11:653-672. [PMID: 34940018 PMCID: PMC8698273 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review on the effectiveness of Parent Training (PT) and coaching in deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) rehabilitation programs which reviews and synthesizes the existing body of evidence to assess the benefits of these programs in enhancing parents' sensitivity, responsivity and promoting language development in DHH children during the first years after HA fitting or CI activation. Five published studies met the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) inclusion criteria and were eligible to be included, but heterogeneity in terms of the study design, interventions and outcomes did not allow for performing a meta-analysis. All included studies shared the view that a parent's learning is a circular (rather than frontal) process, and the results appear promising in terms of enhancing parents' responsiveness and promoting DHH child language development. Nevertheless, the available evidence was judged to not be robust enough due to limitations in the studies' designs. Further high-quality evidence is needed to evaluate the true degree of clinical value and the cost effectiveness of PT programs aimed at increasing parents' responsiveness to their DHH children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giallini
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.G.); (M.N.); (L.M.); (R.T.); (G.R.); (M.d.V.)
| | - Maria Nicastri
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.G.); (M.N.); (L.M.); (R.T.); (G.R.); (M.d.V.)
| | - Laura Mariani
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.G.); (M.N.); (L.M.); (R.T.); (G.R.); (M.d.V.)
| | - Rosaria Turchetta
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.G.); (M.N.); (L.M.); (R.T.); (G.R.); (M.d.V.)
| | - Giovanni Ruoppolo
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.G.); (M.N.); (L.M.); (R.T.); (G.R.); (M.d.V.)
| | - Marco de Vincentiis
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.G.); (M.N.); (L.M.); (R.T.); (G.R.); (M.d.V.)
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.D.V.); (A.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Antonio Sciurti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.D.V.); (A.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.D.V.); (A.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.G.); (M.N.); (L.M.); (R.T.); (G.R.); (M.d.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3387880512
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