1
|
Freeman-Mills L, Copland M. EXABS-156-CML Beyond TKI Therapy in CML. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22 Suppl 2:S61-S63. [PMID: 36164233 DOI: 10.1016/s2152-2650(22)00663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
BCR-ABL1 Tyrosine Kinase Complex Signaling Transduction: Challenges to Overcome Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010215. [PMID: 35057108 PMCID: PMC8780254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutively active BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase, found in t(9;22)(q34;q11) chromosomal translocation-derived leukemia, initiates an extremely complex signaling transduction cascade that induces a strong state of resistance to chemotherapy. Targeted therapies based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib, have revolutionized the treatment of BCR-ABL1-driven leukemia, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, TKIs do not cure CML patients, as some develop TKI resistance and the majority relapse upon withdrawal from treatment. Importantly, although BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase is necessary to initiate and establish the malignant phenotype of Ph-related leukemia, in the later advanced phase of the disease, BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms are also in place. Here, we present an overview of the signaling pathways initiated by BCR-ABL1 and discuss the major challenges regarding immunologic/pharmacologic combined therapies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dhuriya YK, Sharma D, Naik AA. Cellular demolition: Proteins as molecular players of programmed cell death. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:492-503. [PMID: 31330212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a well-characterized and regulated cell death programme in eukaryotes plays a fundamental role in developing or later-life periods to dispose of unwanted cells to maintain typical tissue architecture, homeostasis in a spatiotemporal manner. This silent cellular death occurs without affecting any neighboring cells/tissue and avoids triggering of immunological response. Furthermore, diminished forms of apoptosis result in cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas unregulated apoptosis may also lead to the development of a myriad of neurodegenerative diseases. Unraveling the mechanistic events in depth will provide new insights into understanding physiological control of apoptosis, pathological consequences of abnormal apoptosis and development of novel therapeutics for diseases. Here we provide a brief overview of molecular players of programmed cell death with discussion on the role of caspases, modifications, ubiquitylation in apoptosis, removal of the apoptotic body and its relevance to diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Dhuriya
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Divakar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra, India; Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Aijaz A Naik
- Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lucas CM, Milani M, Butterworth M, Carmell N, Scott LJ, Clark RE, Cohen GM, Varadarajan S. High CIP2A levels correlate with an antiapoptotic phenotype that can be overcome by targeting BCL-XL in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 30:1273-81. [PMID: 26987906 PMCID: PMC4895185 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a predictive biomarker of disease progression in many malignancies, including imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although high CIP2A levels correlate with disease progression in CML, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In a screen of diagnostic chronic phase samples from patients with high and low CIP2A protein levels, high CIP2A levels correlate with an antiapoptotic phenotype, characterized by downregulation of proapoptotic BCL-2 family members, including BIM, PUMA and HRK, and upregulation of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-XL. These results suggest that the poor prognosis of patients with high CIP2A levels is due to an antiapoptotic phenotype. Disrupting this antiapoptotic phenotype by inhibition of BCL-XL via RNA interference or A-1331852, a novel, potent and BCL-XL-selective inhibitor, resulted in extensive apoptosis either alone or in combination with imatinib, dasatinib or nilotinib, both in cell lines and in primary CD34(+) cells from patients with high levels of CIP2A. These results demonstrate that BCL-XL is the major antiapoptotic survival protein and may be a novel therapeutic target in CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Lucas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Milani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Butterworth
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Carmell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L J Scott
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R E Clark
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Varadarajan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Correia C, Lee SH, Meng XW, Vincelette ND, Knorr KLB, Ding H, Nowakowski GS, Dai H, Kaufmann SH. Emerging understanding of Bcl-2 biology: Implications for neoplastic progression and treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1658-71. [PMID: 25827952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2, the founding member of a family of apoptotic regulators, was initially identified as the protein product of a gene that is translocated and overexpressed in greater than 85% of follicular lymphomas (FLs). Thirty years later we now understand that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members modulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by binding and neutralizing the mitochondrial permeabilizers Bax and Bak as well as a variety of pro-apoptotic proteins, including the cellular stress sensors Bim, Bid, Puma, Bad, Bmf and Noxa. Despite extensive investigation of all of these proteins, important questions remain. For example, how Bax and Bak breach the outer mitochondrial membrane remains poorly understood. Likewise, how the functions of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as eponymous Bcl-2 are affected by phosphorylation or cancer-associated mutations has been incompletely defined. Finally, whether Bcl-2 family members can be successfully targeted for therapeutic advantage is only now being investigated in the clinic. Here we review recent advances in understanding Bcl-2 family biology and biochemistry that begin to address these questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Correia
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nicole D Vincelette
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Katherine L B Knorr
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Husheng Ding
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Grzegorz S Nowakowski
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haiming Dai
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferreira AF, Moura LG, Tojal I, Ambrósio L, Pinto-Simões B, Hamerschlak N, Calin GA, Ivan C, Covas DT, Kashima S, Castro FA. ApoptomiRs expression modulated by BCR-ABL is linked to CML progression and imatinib resistance. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 53:47-55. [PMID: 24629639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease characterized by the presence of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) leading to expression of a BCR-ABL1 fusion oncogene. The BCR-ABL protein has a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity which is responsible for CML pathogenesis by promoting cell apoptosis resistance; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with BCR-ABL expression and apoptosis impairment in CML leukemic cells have not been fully elucidated. METHODS This study evaluated apoptomiRs and their predicted apoptotic genes in BCR-ABL(+) cells from patients in different phases of CML treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) according to their imatinib (IM) response by qPCR. Phosphotyrosine and c-ABL expressions in HL-60.BCR-ABL cells treated with TKI were done by Western blot. RESULTS We found that dasatinib (DAS) modulated miR-let-7d, miR-let-7e, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-21, miR-130a and miR-142-3p expressions while IM modulated miR-15a and miR-130a levels. miR-16, miR-130a and miR-145 expressions were modulated by nilotinib (NIL). We observed higher miR-15a, miR-130b and miR-145; and lower miR-16, miR-26a and miR-146a expressions in CML-CP in comparison with controls. CML-AP patients showed low miR-let-7d, miR-15a, miR-16, miR-29c, miR-142-3p, miR-145, and miR-146a levels in comparison with CML-CP. We noted that the miR-26a, miR-29c, miR-130b and miR-146a expressions were downregulated in IM resistant patients in comparison with IM responsive patients. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the modulation of apoptomiRs by BCR-ABL kinase activity and the deregulation of apoptomiRs and their predicted apoptotic target genes in different CML phases and after treatment with TK inhibitors. ApoptomiRs may be involved in the BCR-ABL(+) cell apoptosis regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Ferreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L G Moura
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Tojal
- Centro Regional de Hemoterapia de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L Ambrósio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Pinto-Simões
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Hamerschlak
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D T Covas
- Centro Regional de Hemoterapia de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Kashima
- Centro Regional de Hemoterapia de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - F A Castro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dorritie KA, McCubrey JA, Johnson DE. STAT transcription factors in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis: opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Leukemia 2013; 28:248-57. [PMID: 23797472 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins comprise a family of transcription factors that are activated by cytokines, hormones and growth factors. The activation of STAT proteins plays a key role in the production of mature hematopoietic cells via effects on cellular proliferation, survival and lineage-specific differentiation. Emerging evidence also demonstrates frequent, constitutive activation of STATs in primary leukemia specimens. Moreover, roles for STATs in promoting leukemia development have been delineated in numerous preclinical studies. This review summarizes our current understanding of STAT protein involvement in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, as well as recent advances in the development and testing of novel STAT inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Dorritie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - D E Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jalkanen SE, Lahesmaa-Korpinen AM, Heckman CA, Rantanen V, Porkka K, Hautaniemi S, Mustjoki S. Phosphoprotein profiling predicts response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:705-714.e3. [PMID: 22659387 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved treatment outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but a proportion of patients fail to achieve optimal molecular response. By using a phosphoproteomic approach, we aimed to discover aberrant signaling pathways and putative biomarkers in bone marrow samples of suboptimally responding patients, which could be used to guide treatment selection at the diagnosis. The study consisted of 20 chronic-phase CML patients (10 optimal and 10 suboptimal response patients based on 18 months European-Leukemia-Net criteria) and healthy bone marrow cells, and CML cell lines were used as controls. The phosphorylation profile of normal bone marrow cells diverged from CML patients expectedly but, interestingly, CML cell lines (such as K562) also showed marked difference with primary CML cells. Several phosphoproteins were elevated in suboptimal patients compared to optimal response group. Most prominent differences were seen in signal transducers and activators of transcription 5b, phospholipase C γ-1, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, Hck, and Paxillin. These phosphoproteins were also increased in three additional nonresponder patients studied, but each of them also had unique phosphorylation patterns, such as highly active HSP27 protein in one patient. In conclusion, suboptimal imatinib response is related to increased phosphorylation of several proteins at diagnosis, which might guide the selection of TKI therapy. Furthermore, the activation of additional BCR-ABL-independent pathways in nonresponder patients (such as the anti-apoptotic HSP27 pathway) may reveal novel therapy targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sari E Jalkanen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jalkanen SE, Vakkila J, Kreutzman A, Nieminen JK, Porkka K, Mustjoki S. Poor cytokine-induced phosphorylation in chronic myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis is effectively reversed by tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Exp Hematol 2010; 39:102-113.e1. [PMID: 20869423 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), uncontrolled tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein results in aberrant signaling pathways and increased cell proliferation. Acquired immune tolerance to leukemic antigens further enables tumor cell expansion. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy interferes with the immunoregulatory system by targeting off-target kinases both in malignant and nonmalignant cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the immune cell function by phosphoprotein profiling in CML patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from diagnostic phase and TKI-treated patients were analyzed by multicolor phosphoprotein flow cytometry enabling measurements at the single-cell level. Both unstimulated baseline activation status and cytokine-induced responses were evaluated. RESULTS In diagnostic-phase and imatinib-treated patients, the baseline phosphoprotein activation status was similar to healthy controls. In dasatinib-treated patients, basal phosphoprotein levels were slightly decreased; in particular, the signal transduction and activator of transcription protein 3 pathway was affected in both myeloid and lymphoid cells. The activation responses to various cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in particular were significantly suppressed in untreated CML patients. During imatinib and dasatinib therapy, the aberrantly suppressed phosphorylation responses were normalized. CONCLUSIONS Cytokine responses are hampered in untreated CML patients, which may have an effect on various immunological processes in vivo. Interestingly, during TKI treatment, phosphorylation responses were normal, suggesting that TKI treatment does not alter the reactivity of healthy immune effector cells. However, dasatinib treatment was associated with diminished basal activation of the immunosuppressive signal transduction and activator of transcription protein 3 signaling pathway, which could have clinical significance in reversing the lymphocyte anergy against tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sari E Jalkanen
- Hematology Research Unit, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
BAX/BCL-XL gene expression ratio inversely correlates with disease progression in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 45:192-6. [PMID: 20728382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BCR-ABL fusion gene is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), encoding the oncoprotein p210(BCR-ABL) with anti-apoptotic activity. The inability to undergo apoptosis is an important mechanism of drug resistance and neoplastic evolution in CML. The gene transcript expression of mitochondrial apoptotic related genes BAX and BCL-XL was evaluated by quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) in vitro in K562 cells and in vivo in peripheral blood of 66 CML patients in different stages of the disease: 13 cases at diagnosis, 34 in chronic phase (CP), 10 in accelerated phase (AP) and 9 in blast crisis (BC). Our results in K562 cells showed that all treatments with different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induced a decreased expression of the antiapoptotic oncogene BCL-XL, whereas the proapoptotic gene BAX remains constant with minor modifications. A significantly lower BAX/BCL-XL expression ratio (mean±SEM) than a group of healthy individuals (4.8±0.59) were observed in CML patients at diagnosis (1.28 ± 0.16), in AP (1.14±0.20), in BC (1.16±0.30) and in 18% of cases of patients in CP (2.71±0.40). Most CP cases (82%) showed a significantly increased ratio (10.03±1.30), indicating that the treatment with TKIs efficiently inhibited the expression of BCL-XL by blocking BCR-ABL oncoprotein. The BAX/BCL-XL ratio showed a significant inverse correlation (Spearman P<0.0001) with BCR-ABL/ABL relative expression indicating that low BAX/BCL-XL was associated with disease progression. Accordingly, the follow up of a cohort of eight cases during 6months from diagnosis showed that while the BAX/BCL-XL ratio rapidly increased after treatment in seven cases with good evolution, it decreased in the single case that showed rapid evolution and short survival. Our data suggest that BAX/BCL-XL expression ratio may be a sensitive monitor of disease progression and an early predictor of TKI therapy responsiveness in CML patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zinc-finger transcription factor slug contributes to the survival advantage of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1247-53. [PMID: 20388540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Slug, a Snail-related zinc-finger transcription factor implicated in the increased motility of mesenchymal cells during embryonic development and progression of cancer cells towards an invasive phenotype, plays a specific and critical role in the pathogenesis of Bcr-Abl-associated leukemias. Here we report that Slug over-expression associated with Bcr-Abl is conditional upon the tyrosine kinase (TK) activity of 210 fusion protein. Slug over-expression is driven by transcriptional events eventually integrated by post-transcriptional mechanisms leading to protein stabilization and is at least partly regulated by the ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). It contributes to apoptosis resistance of leukemic progenitors through the repression of pro-apoptotic Puma. Moreover, Slug is a component of leukemic progenitor resistance to imatinib mesylate (IM) driven by Bcr-Abl point mutations and, in particular, by T315I. Slug over-expression associated with p210 Bcr-Abl TK either in the wild type (wt) or mutated conformation results in a significant reduction of E-cadherin, the substrate of Beta catenin at cell membranes. In conclusion, our results suggest that Slug has a central role in a complex network involved in prolonged survival and IM resistance of CML progenitors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Czyz M, Jakubowska J, Sztiller-Sikorska M. STI571/doxorubicin concentration-dependent switch for diverse caspase actions in CML cell line K562. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:1761-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Ma XT, Yu LW, Wang S, Du RY, Cui ZR. Effects of Stat5 antisense oligonucleotide combined with 5-fluorouracil on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:1257-1261. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i13.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanism of Stat5 antisense oligonucleotide (Stat5 AS-ON) combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the treatment of gastric cancer.
METHODS: Human gastric cancer cell line BGC823 was treated with Stat5 AS-ON and 5-FU, respectively, or in combination. The expression of Stat5, p-Stat5, cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL in the cells were detected by Western blot, and the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: After treatment with Stat5 AS-ON and 5-FU for 72 h, the ratio of G1-phase cells was up-regulated from 65.7% to 78.2%, and that of S-phase cells was down-regulated from 18.6% to 10.5%; the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased from 7.4% to 21.6%. Stat5 AS-ON and 5-FU synergically inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells, induced significant apoptosis of the cancer cells, and they reduced the expression and phosphorylation of Stat5, as well as the expression of cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL.
CONCLUSION: Selective inhibition of specific signaling pathway in the cells may provide a new approach in the treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
14
|
Barnes DJ, Palaiologou D, Panousopoulou E, Schultheis B, Yong ASM, Wong A, Pattacini L, Goldman JM, Melo JV. Bcr-Abl expression levels determine the rate of development of resistance to imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2005; 65:8912-9. [PMID: 16204063 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) starts with the acquisition of a BCR-ABL fusion gene in a single hematopoietic stem cell, but the time to progression is unpredictable. Although the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate is highly effective in the treatment of CML, its continuous administration is associated with development of resistance, particularly in advanced phase or blast crisis. We investigate here whether a feature of disease progression (i.e., elevated expression of Bcr-Abl in CD34+ progenitor cells from CML patients in blast crisis) has any bearing on the kinetics of resistance to imatinib. By studying cell lines that exogenously express Bcr-Abl over the range found from chronic phase to blast crisis of CML, we show that cells expressing high amounts of Bcr-Abl, as in blast crisis, are much less sensitive to imatinib and, more significantly, take a substantially shorter time for yielding a mutant subclone resistant to the inhibitor than cells with low expression levels, as in chronic phase. Our data suggest that the differential levels of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein expressed by CD34+ CML cells may reflect the extent and duration of their response to imatinib; the relatively high levels of oncoprotein in advanced-phase disease may underlie the observed rapid development of resistance.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/biosynthesis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- STAT5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Barnes
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|