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Ying W. Phenomic Studies on Diseases: Potential and Challenges. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:285-299. [PMID: 36714223 PMCID: PMC9867904 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of such research field as multi-omics and artificial intelligence (AI) has made it possible to acquire and analyze the multi-dimensional big data of human phenomes. Increasing evidence has indicated that phenomics can provide a revolutionary strategy and approach for discovering new risk factors, diagnostic biomarkers and precision therapies of diseases, which holds profound advantages over conventional approaches for realizing precision medicine: first, the big data of patients' phenomes can provide remarkably richer information than that of the genomes; second, phenomic studies on diseases may expose the correlations among cross-scale and multi-dimensional phenomic parameters as well as the mechanisms underlying the correlations; and third, phenomics-based studies are big data-driven studies, which can significantly enhance the possibility and efficiency for generating novel discoveries. However, phenomic studies on human diseases are still in early developmental stage, which are facing multiple major challenges and tasks: first, there is significant deficiency in analytical and modeling approaches for analyzing the multi-dimensional data of human phenomes; second, it is crucial to establish universal standards for acquirement and management of phenomic data of patients; third, new methods and devices for acquirement of phenomic data of patients under clinical settings should be developed; fourth, it is of significance to establish the regulatory and ethical guidelines for phenomic studies on diseases; and fifth, it is important to develop effective international cooperation. It is expected that phenomic studies on diseases would profoundly and comprehensively enhance our capacity in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, 200043 China
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El Shahawy MS, El Metwaly I, Shady ZM. Value of supplementing vitamin C to the triple therapy on the eradication rates of
Helicobacter pylori
infection. ADVANCES IN DIGESTIVE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. El Shahawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine AL‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Ibrahim El Metwaly
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine AL‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Zakarya M. Shady
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine AL‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
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Abstract
This article reviews the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation/diagnosis, and management of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Batra
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gautam K Malhotra
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shailender Singh
- Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, 982000 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2000, USA
| | - Chandrakanth Are
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6880, USA.
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El Shahawy MS, Hemida MH, El Metwaly I, Shady ZM. The effect of vitamin D deficiency on eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori infection. JGH OPEN 2018; 2:270-275. [PMID: 30619936 PMCID: PMC6308038 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Many studies have investigated risk factors other than antibiotic resistance linked to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication failure. The aim of this study was to study the effect of serum levels of 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D (25[OH]D) on eradication rates of H. pylori infection. Methods This study included 150 patients diagnosed with H. pylori gastritis using magnifying narrow‐band imaging endoscopy supported by stool antigen test. Serum 25‐OH vitamin D levels were measured via the Enzyme‐Linked Immune Sorbent assay (ELISA) method before starting eradication therapy of H. pylori infection. All patients were treated with clarithromycin‐based triple therapy for 14 days. H. pylori eradication was determined via a stool antigen test performed 4 weeks after the end of therapy. According to the serum level of 25‐OH vitamin D levels, the patients were divided into two groups: group I (sufficient) had a vitamin D level of ≥20 ng/mL, while group II (deficient) had a vitamin D level of <20 ng/mL. Results Our results revealed that eradication was successful in 105 (70%) patients and failed in 45 (30%) patients. The mean 25[OH]D level was significantly lower in the eradication failure group compared to the successful treatment group (14.7 ± 4.5 vs 27.41 ± 7.1; P < 0.001). Furthermore, there were significantly more patients with deficient 25[OH]D levels in the failed treatment group, 30 (66.6%), compared to the successful group, 10 (9.5%) (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our results demonstrated that 25‐OH vitamin D deficiency may be considered a risk factor related to eradication failure of H. pylori infection. In addition, a further randomized trial to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation in H. pylori eradication is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S El Shahawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine AL-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Hemida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine AL-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Ibrahim El Metwaly
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine AL-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Zakarya M Shady
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine AL-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
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5
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Liu N, Yang S, Xing D. Photoacoustic and hyperspectral dual-modality endoscope. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:138-141. [PMID: 29328216 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a dual-modality endoscope composed of photoacoustic (PA) and hyperspectral imaging, capable of visualizing both structural and functional properties of bio-tissue. The endoscope's composition and scanning mechanism was described, and the feasibility of the dual-modality endoscope was verified by mimic phantom experiments. Lately, we demonstrated its endoscopic workability through in vivo experiments. The experimental results showed that the proposed herein hybrid endoscope can provide optical imaging of the surface and tomography imaging for the deeper features, and a functional oxygen saturation rate map of the same imaging area. We demonstrated optical-resolution PA imaging of vascular structures and an oxygen saturation rate map in a rabbit's rectum. It confirmed that this dual-modality endoscope can play an important role in comprehensive clinical applications.
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Maselli R, Inoue H, Ikeda H, Onimaru M, Yoshida A, Santi EG, Sato H, Hayee B, Kudo SE. Microvasculature of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction: Lesson learned from submucosal endoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 8:690-696. [PMID: 27909548 PMCID: PMC5114457 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v8.i19.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapeutic endoscopy, in particular endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, per-oral endoscopic myotomy, submucosal endoscopic tumor resection opened a new era where direct esophageal visualization is possible. Combining these information with advanced diagnostic endoscopy, the esophagus is organized, from the luminal side to outside, into five layers (epithelium, lamina propria with lamina muscularis mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, adventitia). A specific vascular system belonging to each layer is thus visible: Mucosa with the intra papillary capillary loop in the epithelium and the sub-epithelial capillary network in the lamina propria and, at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) level with the palisade vessels; submucosa with the drainage vessels and the spindle veins at LES level; muscle layer with the perforating vessels; peri-esophageal veins in adventitia. These structures are particularly important to define endoscopic landmark for the gastro-esophageal junction, helpful in performing submucosal therapeutic endoscopy.
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7
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Hamada K, Itoh T, Kawaura K, Azukisawa S, Kobayashi R, Okamura H, Kitakata H, Urashima S, Nojima T, Fujino MA. Findings of the margin around lesions by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging in early gastric carcinoma and intestinal metaplasia. J Dig Dis 2016; 17:377-82. [PMID: 27115792 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many endoscopists have reported their own classifications of early gastric carcinoma (EGC) using magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI). However, few reports on classifying the margin around lesions by M-NBI have been published. The aim of this study was to advocate the usefulness of the demarcation area classification for the diagnosis of EGC. METHODS Altogether 197 lesions that could be investigated by M-NBI were included in this study, consisting of 115 EGC and 82 intestinal metaplasias (IM). We hypothesized that the changes in white zone (fusion and erasure signs) and blood vessel (extend and draw sign) were the indications of EGC and we retrospectively investigated this hypothesis. RESULTS For the investigation of the white zone in the demarcation area, both fusion (P < 0.0001) and erasure signs (P < 0.0001) were observed more often in EGC than in IM, with an accuracy of 80.7%. For the investigation of blood vessel in the demarcation area, both the extend (P < 0.001) and the draw sign (P < 0.0001) were observed more often in EGC than in IM, with an accuracy of 59.9%. CONCLUSION Estimations of the white zone and blood vessels in the demarcation area are useful for the diagnosis of EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazu Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, School of Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, School of Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ken Kawaura
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, School of Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Azukisawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, School of Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rika Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, School of Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, School of Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kitakata
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, School of Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Urashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, School of Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nojima
- Department of Pathology, School of Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress recently made to enhance the resolution of white-light endoscopy, detection, and diagnosis of premalignant lesions, such as adenomas and subtle early-stage cancers, remains a great challenge. As for example, although chromoendoscopy, such as endoscopy using indigo carmine, is useful for the early diagnosis of subtle lesions, the technique presents various disadvantages ranging from the time required for spray application of the dye and suctioning of excess dye to the increased difficulty in identifying lesions in the presence of severe inflammation and obstruction of visual field due to the pooling of solution in depressed-type lesions. To overcome these diagnostic problems associated with chromoendoscopy, research has focused on the development of endoscopes based on new optical technologies. Several types of image-enhanced endoscopy methods have recently been presented. In particular, image-enhanced endoscopy has emerged as a new paradigm for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. Image-enhanced endoscopes provide high-contrast images of lesions by means of optical or electronic technologies, including the contrast enhancement of the mucosal surface and of blood vessels. Chromoendoscopy, narrow-band imaging, i-SCAN, and flexible spectral imaging color enhancement are representative examples of image-enhanced endoscopy discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Ko WJ, An P, Ko KH, Hahm KB, Hong SP, Cho JY. Image Quality Analysis of Various Gastrointestinal Endoscopes: Why Image Quality Is a Prerequisite for Proper Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy. Clin Endosc 2015; 48:374-9. [PMID: 26473119 PMCID: PMC4604274 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2015.48.5.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arising from human curiosity in terms of the desire to look within the human body, endoscopy has undergone significant advances in modern medicine. Direct visualization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by traditional endoscopy was first introduced over 50 years ago, after which fairly rapid advancement from rigid esophagogastric scopes to flexible scopes and high definition videoscopes has occurred. In an effort towards early detection of precancerous lesions in the GI tract, several high-technology imaging scopes have been developed, including narrow band imaging, autofocus imaging, magnified endoscopy, and confocal microendoscopy. However, these modern developments have resulted in fundamental imaging technology being skewed towards red-green-blue and this technology has obscured the advantages of other endoscope techniques. In this review article, we have described the importance of image quality analysis using a survey to consider the diversity of endoscope system selection in order to better achieve diagnostic and therapeutic goals. The ultimate aims can be achieved through the adoption of modern endoscopy systems that obtain high image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon Jin Ko
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Pyeong An
- Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Ko
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Hong
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Young Cho
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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10
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Galal I. Advanced bronchoscopic techniques in lung cancer: Narrow-band imaging & I-scan. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jang JY. The Usefulness of Magnifying Endoscopy and Narrow-Band Imaging in Measuring the Depth of Invasion before Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection. Clin Endosc 2012; 45:379-85. [PMID: 23251885 PMCID: PMC3521939 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2012.45.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the widespread application of endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms, accurate determination of the invasion depth prior to intervention has become an indispensable part of treatment planning. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a novel endoscopic technique that may enhance the accuracy of diagnosis. Magnifying endoscopy with NBI has been shown to be effective for determining invasion depth for intrapapillary capillary loop classification of esophageal cancer and microvascular pattern of stomach cancer. Such precise pre-treatment staging of early neoplastic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract warrants timely initiation of disease-tailored treatment and, ultimately, better quality of life and improved patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Cho WY, Jang JY, Lee DH. Recent Advances in Image-enhanced Endoscopy. Clin Endosc 2011; 44:65-75. [PMID: 22741116 PMCID: PMC3363066 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2011.44.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The desire to better recognized such malignancies, which may be difficult to distinguish from inflammation or trauma, has accelerated the development of endoscopy with new optical technologies. Narrow-band imaging is a novel endoscopic technique that may enhance the accuracy of diagnosis using narrow-bandwidth filters in a red-green-blue sequential illumination system. Autofluorescence imaging is based on the detection of natural tissue fluorescence emitted by endogenous molecules. I-scan technology using a digital filter that modifies normal images through software functions, is the newly developed image-enhanced endoscopic technology from PENTAX. Flexible spectral imaging color enhancement enhances the visualization of mucosal structure and microcirculation by the selection of spectral transmittance with a dedicated wavelength. Confocal laser endomicroscopy images were collected with an argon beam with a scanning depth of 0 (epithelium) to 250 µm (lamina propria) and analyzed using the reflected light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Young Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Saito S, Tajiri H, Ohya T, Nikami T, Aihara H, Ikegami M. The benefit of using narrow-band imaging systems for observation of capillary networks before determining of treatments for early colon cancer. Dig Endosc 2011; 23 Suppl 1:120-5. [PMID: 21535217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2011.01122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined whether magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band Imaging observation could be useful selecting the appropriate treatment for early colon cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 551 cases of colon tumors excised endoscopically or surgically, comprising 68 with large hyperplastic polyps, 25 traditional serrated adenomas, 141 tubular adenomas, 177 intramucosal cancers and 140 submucosal invasive (SM) cancers. We classified capillary network pattern into four types according to the degree of dilatation, irregularity and distribution of microcapillary features. These results were then compared with the histological findings. RESULTS The comparison of capillary pattern and histological features showed microcapillary networks by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging observation in intramucosal lesion or SM cancer with remnant neoplastic glands at the superficial layer. CONCLUSIONS The remaining microcapillary network was designed to maintain the architecture of neoplastic glands, even in the presence of subumucosal invasion. Consequently, loss of this network could correlate with depth of tumor invasion and histological reaction. Therefore, even if the tumor, remained of network was diagnosed to invade into SM layer, it should be checked up further examination by using magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Saito
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Singh R, Nordeen N, Mei SLCY, Kaffes A, Tam W, Saito Y. West meets East: preliminary results of narrow band imaging with optical magnification in the diagnosis of colorectal lesions: a multicenter Australian study using the modified Sano's classification. Dig Endosc 2011; 23 Suppl 1:126-30. [PMID: 21535218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2011.01107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Narrow band imaging with optical magnification (NBI-Z) enables mucosal morphology to be assessed in real time by using light with narrowed band width and magnification of up to 115×. METHODS Colorectal lesions detected were assessed with NBI-Z. Histology was predicted using the modified Sano's classification based on capillary network patterns (cn); type I: absent cn (hyperplastic polyp), type II: cn present, surrounding mucosal glands (adenoma), type IIIa: high density cn with tortuosity and lack of uniformity (intramucosal cancer) and type IIIb: nearly avascular cn (invasive cancer). Each lesion was also graded with a confidence level (low/high). High-definition videos (mean 28.2 s; range 12-55) of each lesion assessed with NBI-Z were then taken. This was followed by polypectomy, endoscopic or surgical resection. NBI-Z diagnosis was compared with the final histopathology. To test for interobserver agreement, an endoscopist blinded to the video acquisition process/histology was invited to grade the videos. RESULTS A total of 50 lesions (2 assessors: 100 studies), with an average size of 8.4 mm (range 3-30), in 32 patients were assessed. Twenty were hyperplastic, 25 adenomas, 2 intramucosal and 3 invasive cancers of which 19 were located in the right and 31 in the left colon. The overall accuracy of NBI-Z in predicting histology was 90%, which increased to 95% (88/93) when lesions were predicted with high confidence. The sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions with high confidence were 98%, 89%, 93% and 97%, respectively, while the Sn, Sp, PPV and NPV in predicting endoscopic resectability (type II, IIIa vs type I, IIIb) was 100%, 90%, 93% and 100%, respectively. The interobserver agreement between both assessors (κ value) was substantial at 0.89. CONCLUSIONS Using confidence levels, NBI-Z permits prediction of colorectal neoplasia with high accuracies and might allow prompt decisions to be made if a lesion should be left in situ, resected and discarded or biopsied. This approach might lead to substantial time and cost savings and could potentially reduce complications associated with polypectomy and endoscopic resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajvinder Singh
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, South Australia, Australia.
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Polom K, Murawa D, Rho YS, Nowaczyk P, Hünerbein M, Murawa P. Current trends and emerging future of indocyanine green usage in surgery and oncology: a literature review. Cancer 2011; 117:4812-22. [PMID: 21484779 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ever since Kitai first performed fluorescent navigation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) using indocyanine green (ICG) dye with a charge-couple device and light emitting diodes, the intraoperative use of near infrared fluorescence has served a critical role in increasing our understanding in various fields of surgical oncology. Here the authors review the emerging role of the ICG fluorophore in the development of our comprehension of the lymphatic system and its use in SLN mapping and biopsy in various cancers. In addition, they introduce the novel role of ICG-guided video angiography as a new intraoperative method of assessing microvascular circulation. The authors attempt to discuss the promising potential in addition to assessing several challenges and limitations in the context of specific surgical procedures and ICG as a whole. PubMed and Medline literature databases were searched for ICG use in clinical surgical settings. Despite ICG's significant impact in various fields of surgical oncology, ICG is still in its nascent stages, and more in-depth studies need to be carried out to fully evaluate its potential and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Polom
- First Surgical Oncology and General Surgery Department, Wielkopolska Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland.
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Imaging by Magnifying Endoscopy with NBI Implicates the Remnant Capillary Network As an Indication for Endoscopic Resection in Early Colon Cancer. Int J Surg Oncol 2011; 2011:242608. [PMID: 22312499 PMCID: PMC3263659 DOI: 10.1155/2011/242608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. This study examined whether magnifying endoscopy with NBI observation (ME-NBI) could be useful selecting the appropriate treatment for submucosal invasive cancer (SM cancer). Patients and Methods. We analyzed 515 cases of colon tumors excised endoscopically or surgically. We classified capillary network pattern into four types according to the degree of dilatation, irregularity, and distribution of microcapillary features. Results. The comparison of capillary pattern and histological features revealed microcapillary networks by using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and ME-NBI in intramucosal lesion or SM cancer with remnant neoplastic glands at the superficial layer. In contrast, the network was absent in SM cancer with desmoplastic reactions, which invaded deeper into the submucosal layer. Conclusions. The remaining microcapillary network is designed to maintain the architecture of neoplastic glands. Consequently, loss of this network could correlate with depth of tumor invasion and desmoplastic reaction. Therefore, we can decide the appropriate treatment by using ME-NBI method.
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Chowdhury M, Endo M, Chiba T, Kudara N, Oana S, Sato K, Akasaka R, Tomita K, Fujiwara S, Mizutani T, Sugai T, Takikawa Y, Suzuki K. Characterization of follicular lymphoma in the small intestine using double-balloon endoscopy. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2009; 2009:835258. [PMID: 19901998 PMCID: PMC2773429 DOI: 10.1155/2009/835258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphomas occur rarely in the gastrointestinal tract, representing only 1-3% of all gastrointestinal tract B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We describe endoscopic analysis of 3 cases of follicular lymphoma in the small intestine using double-balloon endoscopy. Double-balloon endoscopy revealed multiple nodular lesions and elevated white patches, multiple polypoid lesions, and scattered white polypoid and nodular lesions in the duodenum and small intestine. Fuji Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy demonstrated small, whitish nodules, and narrow-band imaging showed a coiled, elongated vascular pattern within the elevated lesions. These cases are the first follicular lymphomas in the small intestine evaluated using narrow-band imaging or Fuji Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy to be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzurul Chowdhury
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
- 2Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, Polash, Narshingdi, Bangladesh
| | - Masaki Endo
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Toshimi Chiba
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
- *Toshimi Chiba:
| | - Norihiko Kudara
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Shuhei Oana
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sato
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Risaburo Akasaka
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Tomita
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Saori Fujiwara
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Tomomi Mizutani
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- 3Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
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Liu H, Li YQ, Yu T, Zhao YA, Zhang JP, Zhang JN, Guo YT, Xie XJ, Zhang TG, Desmond PV. Confocal endomicroscopy for in vivo detection of microvascular architecture in normal and malignant lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23:56-61. [PMID: 18028347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Confocal laser endomicroscopy allows subsurface analysis of gastrointestinal mucosa during ongoing endoscopy. The present study assessed the feasibility of in vivo detecting superficial vascular architecture by confocal endomicroscopy in normal upper gastrointestinal mucosa and malignant lesions. METHODS Early gastric cancer in eight patients, superficial esophageal carcinoma in six patients, and asymptomatic normal control in 10 patients were studied by confocal endomicroscopy. The characteristic of endomicroscopic microvascular architecture from normal and malignant mucosa was described and images were evaluated. RESULTS Confocal endomicroscopy enabled clear visualization of the vascular networks of gastroesophageal mucosa. Honeycomb-like and coil-shaped regular microvascular architecture surrounding gastric pits were visible in the normal gastric body and antrum, respectively. Differentiated gastric cancerous mucosa showed hypervascularity and various caliber microvessels with irregular shapes. Undifferentiated gastric cancers disclosed a hypovascularity and irregular short branch vessels. Normal squamous epithelium had regular intraepithelial papillary capillary loops (IPCLs) directed toward the luminal surface. In superficial esophageal squamous carcinoma, dilated IPCLs were visible at the upper layer of the squamous mucosa. In esophageal adenocarcinoma, abnormal microvascular architecture showed tortuous and various calibers blood vessels. Of all the images, 41% were graded as good quality. The mean kappa value for interobserver agreement for the prediction of cancerous mucosa was 0.792. CONCLUSIONS Confocal laser endomicroscopy system could yield very clear images of superficial microvascular network in the gastroesophageal mucosal layer both in malignant and normal mucosa. Endomicroscopic observation of vascular architecture may be of assistance in the identification of early gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Departmant of Gastroenterology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
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Chiu PWY, Ng EKW, Inoue H. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early neoplasia of foregut: Current development. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-1633.2007.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kaise M, Goda KI, Yoshida Y, Yonezawa J, Kato M, Tajiri H. CONTACT ULTRA-HIGH MAGNIFYING ENDOSCOPY CAN DIFFERENTIATE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA FROM NON-CANCEROUS SQUAMOUS CELLS IN THE ESOPHAGUS: TWO CASES OF SUPERFICIAL ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA. Dig Endosc 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2007.00724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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22
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Uchiyama Y, Imazu H, Kakutani H, Hino S, Sumiyama K, Kuramochi A, Tsukinaga S, Matsunaga K, Nakayoshi T, Goda KI, Saito S, Kaise M, Kawamuara M, Omar S, Tajiri H. New approach to diagnosing ampullary tumors by magnifying endoscopy combined with a narrow-band imaging system. J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:483-90. [PMID: 16799891 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-006-1800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A newly developed narrow-band imaging (NBI) system, which uses modified optical filters, can yield clear images of microvessels and surface structure in gastric and colonic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the ability of magnifying endoscopy with NBI (MENBI) to diagnose and differentiate between benign and malignant ampullary tumors. METHODS Fourteen patients, whose ampullas were noted to be significantly enlarged or protruding with conventional endoscopy, were enrolled in the study. Specimens, which were obtained by forceps biopsy, endoscopic papillectomy, and/or surgery, were retrieved for histopathological examination. The correlation between MENBI images and histopathological findings was investigated. MENBI findings were classified as I, oval-shaped villi; II, pinecone/leaf-shaped villi; or III, irregular/nonstructured. In addition, tortuous, dilated, and network-like vessels noted on the ampullary lesions with MENBI were defined as abnormal vessels. RESULTS In 6 of 14 patients, the ampullary changes were proven to be inflammatory in forceps biopsy specimens, without any evidence of malignancy after more than 1 year of follow-up. In five patients, ampullary lesions were treated by endoscopic papillectomy, and in three, by pancreatoduodenectomy. All adenomas and adenocarcinomas had type II and/or type III surface structures, and patients whose ampulla had a type I surface structure had only inflammatory or hyperplastic changes. In addition, abnormal vessels were seen only in adenocarcinomas and never in adenomas. CONCLUSIONS MENBI has the ability and potential to predict histological characteristics of ampullary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Uchiyama
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Tajiri H. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY AND JOINT ACADEMIC-INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH FOLLOWING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING. Dig Endosc 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2005.00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Nakayoshi T, Tajiri H, Matsuda K, Kaise M, Ikegami M, Sasaki H. Magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow band imaging system for early gastric cancer: correlation of vascular pattern with histopathology (including video). Endoscopy 2004. [PMID: 15578298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2008.00788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The narrow band imaging (NBI) system consists of a sequential electronic endoscope system and a source of light equipped with new narrow band filters, yielding very clear images of microvessels on mucosal surfaces. The aim of this prospective study was to measure the correlation between the magnified images obtained with the NBI system and the histological findings, especially with regard to the vascular pattern. In addition, three-dimensional images of microvessels were reconstructed using a laser scanning microscope. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between July 2001 and August 2003, 165 patients with depressed-type early gastric cancer lesions were enrolled in the study. The lesions were carefully observed with magnification using the NBI system. The images, the pathological characteristics of the lesions, and three-dimensionally reconstructed images of the microvascular networks in biopsied specimens were carefully analyzed. The microvascular patterns were classified into three groups: A, fine network; B, corkscrew; and C, unclassified pattern. The endoscopic images were compared with the histological findings. RESULTS Of the three types of filter available for use with the NBI system, microvascular formation was best enhanced in B mode images produced using short wavelengths, which focus on the superficial mucosal layer. Among 109 cases of differentiated adenocarcinoma, the group A microvascular pattern was observed in 72 cases (66.1 %). Among 56 cases of undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, the group B pattern was observed in 48 cases (85.7 %; P = 0.0011) The microvascular structure observed using the NBI system corresponded with the superficial mucosal layer in the three-dimensional images obtained using laser scanning microscopy and the resected specimens. CONCLUSIONS Magnifying endoscopy performed in combination with the NBI system is not sufficient to replace conventional histology, but is capable of predicting the histological characteristics of gastric cancer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakayoshi
- Dept. of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Sumiyama K, Kaise M, Nakayoshi T, Kato M, Mashiko T, Uchiyama Y, Goda K, Hino S, Nakamura Y, Matsuda K, Mochizuki K, Kawamura M, Tajiri H. Combined use of a magnifying endoscope with a narrow band imaging system and a multibending endoscope for en bloc EMR of early stage gastric cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 60:79-84. [PMID: 15229430 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(04)01285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND En bloc EMR is performed in Japan as a curative treatment for early stage gastric cancer. However, current methods of EMR are technically difficult and require proficiency in determining the extent of the cancer. This study assessed the feasibility of a new method to obviate these problems and to facilitate en bloc EMR. METHODS The new method uses two types of endoscopes: a magnifying endoscope with a narrow band imaging system to enhance the definition of mucosal and microcirculatory structure, and an endoscope with multibending tip deflection to maintain orientation during EMR. Forty-two consecutive cases of mucosal gastric cancer treated by EMR were reviewed retrospectively. In 12 of these patients, 12 lesions that fulfilled guideline criteria for EMR were treated by the modified, en bloc EMR method of circumferential incision and snare resection by using the two endoscopes. RESULTS The rate of complete en bloc resection with the new method of EMR was 91.7%, (11/12). There was no major complication. CONCLUSIONS The new en bloc resection method for EMR with two endoscopes described here is feasible and may be a safe and a reliable technique for curative treatment of mucosal gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sumiyama
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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The Paris endoscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions: esophagus, stomach, and colon: November 30 to December 1, 2002. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 58:S3-43. [PMID: 14652541 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(03)02159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1245] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yang JM, Chen L, Fan YL, Li XH, Yu X, Fang DC. Endoscopic patterns of gastric mucosa and its clinicopathological significance. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2552-6. [PMID: 14606095 PMCID: PMC4656539 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i11.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2003] [Revised: 05/12/2003] [Accepted: 05/19/2003] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the correlation of magnifying endoscopic patterns and histopathology, Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection of the gastric mucosa. METHODS Gastric mucosal patterns in 140 patients with chronic gastritis were studied using Olympus GIF-Q240Z magnifying endoscope. Histopathological examination, rapid urease test and Warrthin-Starry staining were taken with biopsy samples from the magnified sites of stomach. The magnifying endoscopic patterns were compared with histopathological results and H pylori detection. RESULTS The pit patterns of gastric mucosa were classified as types A (round spot), B (short rod), C (branched), D (reticular) and E (villus). The detection rate of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) by magnifying endoscopy was 94.3% (33/35), which was significantly higher than that by routine endoscopy (22.9%, 8/35) (P<0.01). The pit patterns of 31 cases of intestinal metaplasia (IM) appeared as type E in 18 cases (58.1%), type D in 8 cases (25.8%) and type C in 5 cases (16.1%). Fourteen out of 18 patients (77.8%) with complete type (type I) of IM appeared as type E of pit patterns, whereas only 4 of 13 (30.8%) patients with incomplete type (types II and III) of IM appeared as type E (P<0.05). Collecting venules in the anterior of lower part of gastric corpus were subgrouped into types R (regular), I (irregular) and D (disappeared). H pylori infection was found in 12.2%(9/74), 60%(9/15) and 84.3%(43/51) cases in these types respectively. H pylori infection rate in type R was significantly lower than that in other two types (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Magnifying endoscopy may have an obvious value in diagnosing chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Yang
- Gastroenterology Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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