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Tao Y, Yu H, Zhang M, Zou X, Li P, Qiu JG, Jiang BH, Ying W. Green autofluorescence of the skin and fingernails is a novel biomarker for evaluating the risk for developing acute ischemic stroke. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300473. [PMID: 38247109 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The only existing approach for assessing the risk of developing acute ischemic stroke (AIS) necessitates that individuals possess a strong understanding of their health status. Our research gathered compelling evidence in favor of our hypothesis, suggesting that the likelihood of developing AIS can be assessed by analyzing the green autofluorescence (AF) of the skin and fingernails. Utilizing machine learning-based analyses of AF images, we found that the area under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing subjects with three risk factors from those with zero, one, or two risk factors was 0.79, 0.76, and 0.75, respectively. Our research has revealed that green AF serves as an innovative biomarker for assessing the risk of developing AIS. Our method is objective, non-invasive, efficient, and economic, which shows great promise to boost a technology for screening natural populations for risk of developing AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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2
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Abstract
The rapid development of such research field as multi-omics and artificial intelligence (AI) has made it possible to acquire and analyze the multi-dimensional big data of human phenomes. Increasing evidence has indicated that phenomics can provide a revolutionary strategy and approach for discovering new risk factors, diagnostic biomarkers and precision therapies of diseases, which holds profound advantages over conventional approaches for realizing precision medicine: first, the big data of patients' phenomes can provide remarkably richer information than that of the genomes; second, phenomic studies on diseases may expose the correlations among cross-scale and multi-dimensional phenomic parameters as well as the mechanisms underlying the correlations; and third, phenomics-based studies are big data-driven studies, which can significantly enhance the possibility and efficiency for generating novel discoveries. However, phenomic studies on human diseases are still in early developmental stage, which are facing multiple major challenges and tasks: first, there is significant deficiency in analytical and modeling approaches for analyzing the multi-dimensional data of human phenomes; second, it is crucial to establish universal standards for acquirement and management of phenomic data of patients; third, new methods and devices for acquirement of phenomic data of patients under clinical settings should be developed; fourth, it is of significance to establish the regulatory and ethical guidelines for phenomic studies on diseases; and fifth, it is important to develop effective international cooperation. It is expected that phenomic studies on diseases would profoundly and comprehensively enhance our capacity in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, 200043 China
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3
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Li Y, Ying W. Methylene blue reduces the serum levels of interleukin-6 and inhibits STAT3 activation in the brain and the skin of lipopolysaccharide-administered mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181932. [PMID: 37325623 PMCID: PMC10266349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is valuable to search for novel and economical agents for inhibiting STAT3 activation and blocking increases in IL-6 levels, due to the important roles of STAT3 and IL-6 in inflammation. Since Methylene Blue (MB) has shown therapeutical potential for multiple diseases, it has become increasingly important to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of MB on inflammation. Using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of MB on inflammation, obtaining the following findings: First, MB administration attenuated the LPS-induced increases in the serum levels of IL-6; second, MB administration attenuated LPS-induced STAT3 activation of the brain; and third, MB administration attenuated LPS-induced STAT3 activation of the skin. Collectively, our study has suggested that MB administration can decrease the levels of IL-6 and STAT3 activation - two important factors in inflammation. Since MB is a clinically used and relatively economical drug, our findings have suggested therapeutic potential of MB for multiple inflammation-associated diseases due to its effects on STAT3 activation and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Li M, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Ying W. NAD + administration profoundly decreases UVC-induced skin damage by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2023; 15:41-49. [PMID: 37216171 PMCID: PMC10195211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of multiple major skin diseases including skin cancer. It is crucial to discover new agents that can produce profound protective effects on UV-produced skin damage. Using a mouse model, in this study we determined the effects of NAD+ on UVC-induced skin damage and investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects, obtaining the following discoveries: First, UVC-induced skin's green autofluorescence (AF) was highly correlated with the extent of UVC-indued skin's damage; second, NAD+ administration profoundly decreased UVC-induced skin damage; third, NAD+ administration significantly attenuated UVC-induced decreases in the levels of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and catalase; fourth, NAD+ administration significantly attenuated UVC-induced increase in the level of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 - a marker of inflammation; fifth, NAD+ administration profoundly attenuated UVC-induced increase in double-strand DNA (dsDNA) damage; and sixth, NAD+ administration profoundly attenuated UVC-induced decreases in the ratios of Bcl-2/Bax - an index of apoptosis. Collectively, our study has found that NAD+ administration can profoundly decrease UVC-induced skin damage by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptosis, suggesting great potential of NAD+ as a protective agent for UVC-induced skin damage. Moreover, our study has further indicated that the skin's green AF is a biomarker for predicting UVC-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P. R. China
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang M, Ying W. UV-induced skin's green autofluorescence is a biomarker for both non-invasive evaluations of the dosages of UV exposures of the skin and non-invasive prediction of UV-induced skin damage. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:159-168. [PMID: 36136240 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to discover biomarkers for non-invasive evaluations of the dosages of UV exposures to a person during post-UV exposure period, and for non-invasive prediction of UV-induced skin damage. Our current study has obtained findings: UVB exposures produced dose-dependent increases in skin's green autofluorescence (AF) intensity of mice, which were significantly associated with the UVB dosages. The UVC-induced green AF increases were dose dependent, which were highly associated with the UVC dosages. Moreover, both previous reports and our current study have collectively shown significant association between UVB/UVC dosages and UVB/UVC-induced skin damage. Collectively, our study has indicated that the UVB/UVC-induced skin's AF are first biomarkers for both non-invasive evaluations of the dosages of UV exposures to a person during post-UV exposure period and non-invasive and label-free prediction of UVB/UVC-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, 200043, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zhang M, Tao Y, Yu H, Wu D, Liao B, Qiu JG, Jiang BH, Ying W. Green autofluorescence of the index fingernails is a novel biomarker for noninvasive determinations on the status of tobacco smoking. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202200195. [PMID: 36054640 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to discover novel biomarkers for tobacco smoking. Our study has indicated the green autofluorescence (AF) of Index Fingernails as a novel biomarker for rapid and noninvasive determinations on the status of tobacco smoking: The green AF intensity of the Index Fingernails of the smokers was remarkably higher than that of the nonsmokers in the natural populations. When the AF intensity of the Fingernails was used as the variable, the area under curve (AUC) for differentiating the smokers from the nonsmokers was 0.91. Similar results were obtained by analyzing the green AF of the Index Fingernails of the healthy populations and the patients of acute ischemic stroke. Collectively, our study has indicated the green AF of the Index Fingernails as a novel biomarker for tobacco smoking, based on which the first method for noninvasive, rapid and economical determinations on the status of tobacco smoking may be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhong Liao
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Foley K, Dai Y, Ding Q, Du F, Li J, Lv C, Prince T, Sun Y, Wang M, Wang R, Yang X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Ma L, Long Ye L, Wei Yin W, Chenghao Ying C, Min Yu M, Zhu Y, Ying W. Tumor-selective, chaperone-mediated protein degradation (CHAMP) of the bromodomain transcription factor BRD4. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Teng H, Zhang Q, Xiang Z, Chang Q, Tao Y, Chu T, Ying W. Decreased green autofluorescence of lung parenchyma is a biomarker for lung cancer tissues. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202200072. [PMID: 35429151 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is highly valuable to discover novel biomarkers for differentiating noninvasively the cancerous tissues from the nonneoplastic tissues of lung cancer. In current study, we determined the green autofluorescence (AF) of the pulmonary parenchyma of lung cancer patients, indicating that decreased green AF of pulmonary parenchyma may be the biomarker of this type: First, the green AF intensity of the cancerous tissues was significantly lower than that of the nonneoplastic tissues of the lung cancer patients; second, the green AF intensity of the nonneoplastic tissues of the lung squamous cell carcinoma was significantly lower than that of the lung adenocarcinoma; and third, "decreased green AF intensity" could be used for differentiating the nonneoplastic tissues and the cancerous tissues. Collectively, our study has suggested that decreased green AF of lung parenchyma is a biomarker for differentiating the cancerous tissues from the nonneoplastic tissues of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haohua Teng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Zhang M, Tao Y, Chang Q, Wang K, Chu T, Ying W. Skin's green autofluorescence at dorsal centremetacarpus may become a novel biomarker for diagnosis of lung cancer. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202100389. [PMID: 35075788 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to discover novel biomarkers of lung cancer for establishing economical technology for diagnosis of lung cancer. Our study has suggested that the autofluorescence (AF) of the skin may become a novel biomarker of this type: First, development of lung cancer led to a significant increase in the skin's green AF in a mouse model of lung cancer; second, lung cancer patients had significantly higher skin's green AF at certain positions compared with healthy volunteers and pulmonary infection patients; and third, using the skin's green AF intensity at dorsal centremetacarpus as the variable, the areas under curve (AUC) for differentiating lung cancer patients and pulmonary infection patients and for differentiating lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers was 0.871 and 0.813, respectively. Collectively, our study has indicated that the skin's green AF at dorsal centremetacarpus may become a novel biomarker for establishing a ground-breaking diagnostic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zhou C, Shang W, Yin SK, Shi H, Ying W. Malate-Aspartate Shuttle Plays an Important Role in LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation of Mice Due to its Effect on STAT3 Phosphorylation. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655687. [PMID: 34381810 PMCID: PMC8350486 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key pathological factor in numerous neurological disorders. Cumulating evidence has indicated critical roles of NAD+/NADH metabolism in multiple major diseases, while the role of malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) - a major NADH shuttle - in inflammation has remained unclear. In this study we investigated the roles of MAS in LPS-induced neuroinflammation both in vivo and in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blot assay and Real-time PCR assays were conducted to determine the activation of Iba-1, the protein levels of iNOS and COX2 and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in vivo, showing that both pre-treatment and post-treatment of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) - an MAS inhibitor - profoundly decreased the LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice. BV2 microglia was also used as a cellular model to investigate the mechanisms of this finding, in which such assays as Western blot assay and nitrite assay. Our study further indicated that AOAA produced its effects on LPS-induced microglial activation by its effects on MAS: Pyruvate treatment reversed the effects of AOAA on the cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio, which also restored the LPS-induced activation of the AOAA-treated microglia. Moreover, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor GSK2837808A blocked the effects of pyruvate on the AOAA-produced decreases in both the cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio and LPS-induced microglial activation. Our study has further suggested that AOAA produced inhibition of LPS-induced microglial activation at least partially by decreasing STAT3 phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings have indicated AOAA as a new and effective drug for inhibiting LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Our study has also indicated that MAS is a novel mediator of LPS-induced neuroinflammation due to its capacity to modulate LPS-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, which has further highlighted a critical role of NAD+/NADH metabolism in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangsong Shang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Kai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Pourtaheri N, Ying W, Kim J, Henriquez C. Thresholds for Transverse Stimulation: Fiber Bundles in a Uniform Field. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; PP. [PMID: 34077366 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2009.2039600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cable theory is used to model fibers (neural or muscular) subjected to an extracellular stimulus or activating function along the fiber (longitudinal stimulation). There are cases however, in which activation from fields across a fiber (transverse stimulation) is dominant and the activating function is insufficient to predict the relative stimulus thresholds for cells in a bundle. This work proposes a general method of quantifying transverse extracellular stimulation using ideal cases of long fibers oriented perpendicular to a uniform field (circular cells in a 2-D extracellular domain). Several methods are compared against a fully coupled model to compute electrical potentials around each cell of a bundle and predict the magnitude of applied plate potential (Öp) needed to activate a given cell (Öpact). The results show that with transverse stimulation, the effect of cell presence on the external field must be considered to accurately compute Öpact. They also show that approximating cells as holes can accurately predict firing order and Öpact of cells in bundles. Potential profiles from this hole model can also be applied to single cell models to account for time-dependent transmembrane voltage responses and more accurately predict Öpact. The approaches used herein apply to other examples of transverse cell stimulation where cable theory is inapplicable and coupled model simulation is too costly to compute.
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12
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Zhou C, Ying W. Oxidative stress induces cell death partially by decreasing both mRNA and protein levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in differentiated PC12 cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11401. [PMID: 34040894 PMCID: PMC8127959 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Multiple studies have indicated crucial roles of NAD+ deficiency in several neurological diseases and aging. It is critical to discover the mechanisms underlying the NAD+ deficiency. A decreased level of Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt)—an important enzyme in the salvage pathway of NAD+ synthesis—has been found under certain pathological conditions, while the mechanisms underlying the Nampt decrease are unclear. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress can produce decreased Nampt, and to investigate the biological effects of Nampt on NAD+ synthesis and cell survival under both basal and oxidative stress conditions. Methods. We used differentiated PC12 cells as a cellular model to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on the levels of Nampt. Multiple assays, including flow cytometry-based cell death assays and NAD+ assays were conducted. Results. First, oxidative stress can decrease the levels of Nampt mRNA and Nampt protein; second, Nampt plays significant roles in NAD+ synthesis under both basal conditions and oxidative stress conditions; third, Nampt plays critical roles in cell survival under both basal conditions and oxidative stress conditions; and fourth, oxidative stress produced decreased NAD+ levels and cell survival partially by decreasing Nampt. Collectively, our study has indicated that oxidative stress is a pathological factor leading to decreased Nampt, which plays important roles in oxidative stress-produced decreases in NAD+ levels and cell survival. Our findings have indicated major roles of Nampt in maintaining NAD+ levels and cell survival under both basal and oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyan Zhou
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Maharjan DT, Syed AAS, Lin GN, Ying W. Testosterone in Female Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Study. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030409. [PMID: 33802106 PMCID: PMC7999217 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone's role in female depression is not well understood, with studies reporting conflicting results. Here, we use meta-analytical and Mendelian randomization techniques to determine whether serum testosterone levels differ between depressed and healthy women and whether such a relationship is casual. Our meta-analysis shows a significant association between absolute serum testosterone levels and female depression, which remains true for the premenopausal group while achieving borderline significance in the postmenopausal group. The results from our Mendelian randomization analysis failed to show any causal relationship between testosterone and depression. Our results show that women with depression do indeed display significantly different serum levels of testosterone. However, the directions of the effect of this relationship are conflicting and may be due to menopausal status. Since our Mendelian randomization analysis was insignificant, the difference in testosterone levels between healthy and depressed women is most likely a manifestation of the disease itself. Further studies could be carried out to leverage this newfound insight into better diagnostic capabilities culminating in early intervention in female depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Tara Maharjan
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (D.T.M.); (G.N.L.)
| | - Ali Alamdar Shah Syed
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Guan Ning Lin
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (D.T.M.); (G.N.L.)
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (D.T.M.); (G.N.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.S.); (W.Y.)
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14
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Li Y, Zhang M, Ying W. Keratin 1 plays significant roles in maintaining the survival and oxidative stress state of B16-F10 melanoma cell lines. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2021; 13:12-16. [PMID: 33815667 PMCID: PMC8012857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Keratins play multiple significant biological roles in epithelium. Keratin 1 (K1)/keratin 10 (K10) heterodimer is a hallmark for keratinocyte differentiation. While keratins are absent in normal melanocyte, keratins have been found in both melanoma cell lines and human melanoma. The biological significance of the keratins in melanoma cells has remained unclear. In our current study we applied K1 siRNA to investigate the biological significance of K1 in B16-F10 melanoma cells. We found that as low as a 16% decrease in the K1 level led to significant increases in both apoptosis and necrosis of the cells. Moreover, the mild K1 decrease led to significant increases in both dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and ethidium signals - two indicators of oxidative stress - in the cells. Collectively, our findings have provided the first evidence indicating both a critical role of the K1 in maintaining the survival of melanoma cells and an important role of the K1 in modulating the oxidative stress state of the cells. These findings have exposed new functions of keratins in cancer cells, suggesting that K1 may become a novel therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and DevelopmentShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and DevelopmentShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and DevelopmentShanghai, P. R. China
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15
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Zhou Y, Wang X, Ying W, Wu D, Zhong P. Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Inflammatory Response of Microglial Cells via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:852. [PMID: 31496930 PMCID: PMC6712928 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CTN), a monomer compound extracted from the dried roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, has a variety of pharmacological effects. However, little research has been done on the mechanism of CTN in attenuating neuroinflammation. The present study aimed to investigate whether CTN can ameliorate neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through the Nrf2/heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in BV-2 microglial cells. We found that CTN attenuated the upregulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, NOD-like receptor pyrin domains-3, and nitric oxide induced by LPS in microglial cells. In addition, it curtailed the increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in LPS-activated microglial cells. Furthermore, CTN significantly increased the levels of NF-κB, Nrf2, HO-1, and Akt proteins. We demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory action of CTN in BV-2 microglial cells was partially through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which was regulated by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, our results indicated that CTN downregulated the production and release of proinflammatory mediators in BV-2 microglial cells through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and subsequently protected neurons from inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Zhang J, Hong Y, Cao W, Yin S, Shi H, Ying W. SIRT2, ERK and Nrf2 Mediate NAD + Treatment-Induced Increase in the Antioxidant Capacity of PC12 Cells Under Basal Conditions. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:108. [PMID: 31080405 PMCID: PMC6497790 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD+ (oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) administration is highly beneficial in numerous models of diseases and aging. It is becoming increasingly important to determine if NAD+ treatment may directly increase the antioxidant capacity of cells under basal conditions. In the current study, we tested our hypothesis that NAD+ can directly enhance the antioxidant capacity of cells under basal conditions by using PC12 cells as a cellular model. We found that NAD+ treatment can increase the GSH/GSSG ratios in the cells under basal conditions. NAD+ can also increase both the mRNA and protein level of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (γ-GCL)—a key enzyme for glutathione synthesis, which appears to be mediated by the NAD+-induced increase in Nrf2 activity. These NAD+-induced changes can be prevented by both SIRT2 siRNA and the SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2. The NAD+-induced changes can also be blocked by the ERK signaling inhibitor U0126. Moreover, the NAD+-induced ERK activation can be blocked by both SIRT2 siRNA and AGK2. Collectively, our study has provided the first evidence that NAD+ can enhance directly the antioxidant capacity of the cells under basal conditions, which is mediated by SIRT2, ERK, and Nrf2. These findings have suggested not only the great nutritional potential of NAD+, but also a novel mechanism underlying the protective effects of the NAD+ administration in the disease models: the NAD+ administration can enhance the resistance of the normal cells to oxidative insults by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Hong
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Zhang M, Ying W. NAD + Deficiency Is a Common Central Pathological Factor of a Number of Diseases and Aging: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:890-905. [PMID: 29295624 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated critical roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form (NAD+) in various biological functions. NAD+ deficiency has been found in models of a number of diseases such as cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia, and diabetes, and in models of aging. Applications of NAD+ or other approaches that can restore NAD+ levels are highly protective in these models of diseases and aging. NAD+ produces its beneficial effects by targeting at multiple pathological pathways, including attenuating mitochondrial alterations, DNA damage, and oxidative stress, by modulating such enzymes as sirtuins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and AP endonuclease. These findings have suggested great therapeutic and nutritional potential of NAD+ for diseases and senescence. Recent Advances: Approaches that can restore NAD+ levels are highly protective in the models of such diseases as glaucoma. The NAD+ deficiency in the diseases and aging results from not only poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation but also decreased nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) activity and increased CD38 activity. Significant biological effects of extracellular NAD+ have been found. Increasing evidence has suggested that NAD+ deficiency is a common central pathological factor in a number of diseases and aging. Critical Issues and Future Directions: Future studies are required for solidly establishing the concept that "NAD+ deficiency is a common central pathological factor in a number of disease and aging." It is also necessary to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the NAD+ deficiency in the diseases and aging. Preclinical and clinical studies should be conducted to determine the therapeutic potential of NAD+ for the diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- 1 Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- 1 Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhang J, Wang C, Shi H, Wu D, Ying W. Extracellular Degradation Into Adenosine and the Activities of Adenosine Kinase and AMPK Mediate Extracellular NAD +-Produced Increases in the Adenylate Pool of BV2 Microglia Under Basal Conditions. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:343. [PMID: 30405351 PMCID: PMC6200843 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulating evidence has indicated NAD+ deficiency as a common central pathological factor of multiple diseases and aging. NAD+ supplement is highly protective in various disease and aging models, while two key questions have remained unanswered: (1) Does extracellular NAD+ also produce its effects through its degradation product adenosine? (2) Does extracellular NAD+ produce the protective effects by affecting cells under pathological insults only, or by affecting both normal cell and the cells under pathological insults? Since extracellular NAD+ can be degraded into adenosine, and endogenous adenosine levels are in the nanomolar range under physiological conditions, extracellular NAD+ may produce its effects through its degradation into adenosine. In this study we used BV2 microglia as a cellular model to test our hypothesis that NAD+ treatment can increase the intracellular adenylate pool under basal conditions through its extracellular degradation into adenosine. Our study has shown that extracellular NAD+ is degraded into adenosine extracellularly, which enters BV2 microglia through equilibrative nucleoside transporters under basal conditions. The intracellular adenosine is converted to AMP by adenosine kinase, which increases the intracellular ATP levels by both activating AMPK and increasing the intracellular adenylate pool. Collectively, our study has suggested a novel mechanism underlying the protective effects of NAD+ administration, which is mediated by extracellular NAD+ degradation into adenosine as well as the activities of adenosine kinase and AMPK. Our findings have also suggested that NAD+ administration in various disease and aging models may also produce its effects by affecting the microglia that are not under pathological insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Shang W, Wei X, Ying W. Malate-aspartate shuttle inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid blocks lipopolysaccharides-induced activation of BV2 microglia. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2017; 9:58-63. [PMID: 28533892 PMCID: PMC5435673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NADH shuttles, including malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) and glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, mediate the transfer of the reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH into mitochondria. In our current study, we used BV2 microglia as a cellular model to determine the roles of NADH shuttles in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced microglial activation. We found that aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a widely used MAS inhibitor, significantly attenuated LPS-induced increases in the levels of nitric oxide-a hallmarker of microglial activation. Our Western Blot assays also showed that AOAA blocked the LPS-induced increases in the protein levels of iNOS, TNF-α and COX-2. Furthermore, we found that AOAA decreased LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Collectively, our study has suggested that AOAA may be a new agent for inhibiting microglial activation. Our study has also suggested that MAS may be a novel target for modulating microglial activation under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsong Shang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and DevelopmentShanghai, China
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20
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Chen H, Wang B, Wang C, Cao W, Zhang J, Ma Y, Hong Y, Fu S, Wu F, Ying W. Dose-rate plays a significant role in synchrotron radiation X-ray-induced damage of rodent testes. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2016; 8:140-145. [PMID: 28078052 PMCID: PMC5209442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray has significant potential for applications in medical imaging and cancer treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying SR X-ray-induced tissue damage remain unclear. Previous studies on regular X-ray-induced tissue damage have suggested that dose-rate could affect radiation damage. Because SR X-ray has exceedingly high dose-rate compared to regular X-ray, it remains to be determined if dose-rate may affect SR X-ray-induced tissue damage. We used rodent testes as a model to investigate the role of dose-rate in SR X-ray-induced tissue damage. One day after SR X-ray irradiation, we determined the effects of the irradiation of the same dosage at two different dose-rates, 0.11 Gy/s and 1.1 Gy/s, on TUNEL signals, caspase-3 activation and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) of the testes. Compared to those produced by the irradiation at 0.11 Gy/s, irradiation at 1.1 Gy/s produced higher levels of DSBs, TUNEL signals, and caspase-3 activation in the testes. Our study has provided the first evidence suggesting that dose-rate could be a significant factor in SR X-ray-induced tissue damage, which may establish a valuable base for utilizing this factor to manipulate the tissue damage in SR X-ray-based medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ban Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yingxin Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yunyi Hong
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shen Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer HospitalShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
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21
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Zhang J, Wang C, Nie H, Wu D, Ying W. SIRT2 plays a significant role in maintaining the survival and energy metabolism of PIEC endothelial cells. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2016; 8:120-127. [PMID: 27785339 PMCID: PMC5078484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
SIRT2, a member of the sirtuin (SIRT1-7) family, is a tubulin deacetylase. It has been reported that SIRT2 mediates cellular stress responses and is highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells, while its roles in cell survival and energy metabolism of endothelial cells remain unknown. In the current study, we tested our hypothesis that SIRT2 plays an important role in the cell survival and energy metabolism of endothelial cells, using a porcine vascular endothelial cell line (PIEC) as a cellular model. Our study showed that both SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2 and SIRT2 siRNA led to a significant reduction of the cell survival of PIEC cells. Our FACS-based Annexin V/7-AAD assay and Hoechst staining showed that both SIRT2 inhibitor and SIRT2 siRNA led to a significant increase in apoptosis and necrosis of the cells. Moreover, the SIRT2 inhibition led to both mitochondrial depolarization and decreases in the intracellular ATP level of the cells. Collectively, our study has provided the first evidence suggesting that SIRT2 plays a significant role in maintaining both the survival and the mitochondrial membrane potential of PIEC cells, which may account for the major effects of SIRT2 on the intracellular ATP level of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Hui Nie
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
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22
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Zhang Y, Wang B, Fu X, Guan S, Han W, Zhang J, Gan Q, Fang W, Ying W, Qu X. Exogenous NAD(+) administration significantly protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3342-3350. [PMID: 27648125 PMCID: PMC5009387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes for death around the world. Although essential for successful interventional therapy, it is inevitably complicated by reperfusion injury. Thus effective approaches to reduce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are still critically needed. To test our hypothesis that intravenous administration of NAD(+) can attenuate I/R injury by reducing apoptotic damage and enhancing antioxidant capacity, we used a rat mode of myocardial I/R. Our study found that administration of 10-20 mg/kg NAD(+) can dose dependently reduce myocardial infarct induced by I/R, with an approximately 85% reduction of the infarct at the dosage of 20 mg/kg NAD(+). We further found that the injection of NAD(+) can significantly decrease I/R-induced apoptotic damage in the heart: NAD(+) administration can both decrease the TUNEL signals, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 levels and increase the Bcl-XL levels in the rats that are subjected to myocardial I/R injury. NAD(+) administration can also significantly attenuate I/R-induced decreases in SOD activity and SOD-2 protein levels in the hearts. NAD(+) can profoundly decrease myocardial I/R injury at least partially by attenuating apoptotic damage and enhancing the antioxidant capacity, thus suggesting that NAD(+) may become a promising therapeutic agent for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ban Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xingli Fu
- Jiangsu University Health Science Center3 Yizheng Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Qian Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xinkai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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23
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Marrone KA, Ying W, Naidoo J. Immune-Related Adverse Events From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:242-51. [PMID: 27170616 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has come of age, specifically with the use of immune checkpoint antibodies directed against molecules such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1. Single-agent and combinatorial approaches utilizing these agents and other immunotherapies that may enhance antitumor effects are under investigation. With increasing clinical use of these agents, an appreciation for their toxicities comes to the fore. Adverse events that occur as a result of the immunologic effects of these therapies are termed "immune-related adverse events" (irAEs), and range in both frequency and severity in reported single-agent and combination studies. Improvements in our understanding of how and why irAEs develop and how to effectively manage them are needed. Herein we provide a state-of-the-art synopsis of the incidence, clinical features, mechanisms, and management of selected irAEs with immune checkpoint inhibitors currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Marrone
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - W Ying
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Naidoo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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Chu T, Jiang L, Ying W, Han B. M30/M65 ratio predicts the outcome of paclitaxel chemotherapy for NSCLC. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:326-331. [PMID: 27468866 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paclitaxel is an effective treatment for some of the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, prediction of the outcome of paclitaxel treatment at the early stage of the chemotherapy is difficult. M30 and M65 are circulating fragments of cytokeratin 18 released during apoptosis or necrosis, respectively, and have been used as markers to evaluate chemotherapy in some cancers. Here, we aimed to examine M30 and M65 values for predicting the therapeutic outcome of paclitaxel treatment of NSCLC. METHODS The serum levels of M30 and M65 before and after paclitaxel treatment in advance-stage NSCLC patients were analyzed, and compared to those in healthy controls. The importance of the M30 and M65 levels to the outcome of chemotherapy was analyzed. RESULT We found that the serum M30 and M65 levels were higher in patients with NSCLC (n = 44) than in control healthy subjects (n = 56) (p < 0.001). Two days after paclitaxel treatment, the serum levels of both M30 and M65 significantly increased in NSCLC patients (p < 0.001). Neither marker alone significantly correlated with overall patient survival, but the ratio of M30 vs M65 appeared to be an important prognostic factor for the overall survival of the patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the serum M30/M65 ratio may be a prognostic factor for the outcome of paclitaxel treatment in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 241 Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 241 Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - W Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - B Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 241 Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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25
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Cao W, Hong Y, Chen H, Wu F, Wei X, Ying W. SIRT2 mediates NADH-induced increases in Nrf2, GCL, and glutathione by modulating Akt phosphorylation in PC12 cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2241-55. [PMID: 27264719 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
SIRT2 plays important roles in multiple biological processes. It is unclear whether SIRT2 affects antioxidant capacity by modulating Nrf2, a key transcription factor for multiple antioxidant genes. By studying NADH-treated differentiated PC12 cells, we found that NADH induced a significant increase in the nuclear Nrf2, which was prevented by both SIRT2 siRNA and SIRT2 inhibitor, AGK2. SIRT2 siRNA also blocked the NADH-induced increases in glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione. Moreover, SIRT2 siRNA and AGK2 blocked NADH-induced Akt phosphorylation, and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation prevented NADH-induced increases in the nuclear Nrf2 and glutathione. Collectively, our study shows that SIRT2 regulates nuclear Nrf2 levels by modulating Akt phosphorylation, thus modulating the levels of GCL and total glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yunyi Hong
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Heyu Chen
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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26
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Ma Y, Nie H, Chen H, Li J, Hong Y, Wang B, Wang C, Zhang J, Cao W, Zhang M, Xu Y, Ding X, Yin SK, Qu X, Ying W. NAD⁺/NADH metabolism and NAD⁺-dependent enzymes in cell death and ischemic brain injury: current advances and therapeutic implications. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:1239-47. [PMID: 25666794 DOI: 10.2174/0929867322666150209154420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NAD(+) and NADH play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes including energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions, and gene expression. Multiple studies have indicated that NAD(+) administration can profoundly decrease oxidative cell death as well as ischemic and traumatic brain injury, suggesting NAD(+) metabolism as a promising therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia and head injury. Cumulating evidence has suggested that NAD(+) can produce its protective effects by multiple mechanisms, including preventing mitochondrial alterations, enhancing energy metabolism, preventing virtually all forms of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, inhibiting inflammation, directly increasing antioxidation capacity of cells and tissues, and activating SIRT1. Increasing evidence has also suggested that NADH metabolism is a potential therapeutic target for treating several neurological disorders. A number of studies have further indicated that multiple NAD(+)-dependent enzymes such as sirtuins, polymerase(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and CD38 mediate cell death and multiple biological processes. In this article, an overview of the recent findings regarding the roles of NAD(+)/NADH and NAD(+)-dependent enzymes in cell death and ischemic brain injury is provided. These findings have collectively indicated that NAD(+)/NADH and NAD(+)-dependent enzymes play fundamental roles in oxidative stress-induced cell death and ischemic brain injury, which may become promising therapeutic targets for brain ischemia and multiple other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
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Wang C, Chen H, Zhang M, Zhang J, Wei X, Ying W. Malate-aspartate shuttle inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid leads to decreased intracellular ATP levels and altered cell cycle of C6 glioma cells by inhibiting glycolysis. Cancer Lett 2016; 378:1-7. [PMID: 27157912 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NADH shuttles, including malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) and glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, can shuttle the reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH into mitochondria. It is widely accepted that the major function of NADH shuttles is to increase mitochondrial energy production. Our study tested the hypothesis that the novel major function of NADH shuttles in cancer cells is to maintain glycolysis by decreasing cytosolic NADH/NAD(+) ratios. We found that AOAA, a widely used MAS inhibitor, led to decreased intracellular ATP levels, altered cell cycle and increased apoptosis and necrosis of C6 glioma cells, without affecting the survival of primary astrocyte cultures. AOAA also decreased the glycolytic rate and the levels of extracellular lactate and pyruvate, without affecting the mitochondrial membrane potential of C6 cells. Moreover, the toxic effects of AOAA were completely prevented by pyruvate treatment. Collectively, our study has suggested that AOAA may be used to selectively decrease glioma cell survival, and the major function of MAS in cancer cells may be profoundly different from its major function in normal cells: The major function of MAS in cancer cells is to maintain glycolysis, instead of increasing mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Heyu Chen
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Sheng QK, Zhou KF, Hu HM, Zhao HB, Zhang Y, Ying W. Effect of Bacillus subtilis Natto on Meat Quality and Skatole Content in TOPIGS Pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:716-21. [PMID: 26954164 PMCID: PMC4852235 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) natto on meat quality and skatole in TOPIGS pigs. Sixty TOPIGS pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups (including 5 pens per group, with 4 pigs in each pen) and fed with basic diet (control group), basic diet plus 0.1% B. subtilis natto (B group), and basic diet plus 0.1% B. subtilis natto plus 0.1% B. coagulans (BB group), respectively. All pigs were sacrificed at 100 kg. Growth performance, meat quality, serum parameters and oxidation status in the three groups were assessed and compared. Most parameters regarding growth performance and meat quality were not significantly different among the three groups. However, compared with the control group, meat pH24, fat and feces skatole and the content of Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Clostridium, NH3-N were significantly reduced in the B and BB groups, while serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, the levels of liver P450, CYP2A6, and CYP2E1, total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase and Lactobacilli in feces were significantly increased in the B and BB groups. Further, the combined supplementation of B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans showed more significant effects on the parameters above compared with B. subtilis, and Clostridium, and NH3-N. Our results indicate that the supplementation of pig feed with B. subtilis natto significantly improves meat quality and flavor, while its combination with B. coagulans enhanced these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. K. Sheng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100,
China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 250100,
China
- Corresponding Author: Q. K. Sheng. Tel: +86-531-88622516, Fax: +86-531-88622516, E-mail:
| | - K. F. Zhou
- Shandong Chief Animal Husbandry and Veterinarian Station, Jinan 250002,
China
| | - H. M. Hu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100,
China
| | - H. B. Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100,
China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100,
China
| | - W. Ying
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100,
China
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Wencui Z, Qi Z, Ying W, Di W. Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with garlic oil and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo characteristics. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:3742-3750. [PMID: 26502865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are colloidal drug carriers and may be suitable for delivery of garlic oil, a nutraceutical with medicinal properties, whose use has been limited by its poor solubility. We tested whether poor solubility of garlic oil would be overcome by complexing with SLN by high-pressure homogenization and ultrasound techniques. The effects of lipid phase, surfactant mixture and loading concentration of garlic oil on particle size and distribution were also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS High pressure homogenization technique was used to prepare SLN, using orthogonal experiment method to optimize entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, and recovery of SLN. Pharmacokinetics of garlic oil loaded solid lipid nanoparticles after oral administration to rats was studied by using LC/MS/MS method. RESULTS Mean particle size and zeta potential of SLN were, respectively, 106.5 ± 40.3 nm and -30.2 mv. The majority of SLN had a less ordered arrangement of crystals at room temperature, which was beneficial for increasing the drug loading capacity. Drug entrapment efficiency was > 90 percent and showed a relatively long-term physical stability. It was feasible to prepare a lyophilized product with good long-term stability. When 10% trehalose and 5% sucrose were used as cryopreservants, SNL particle size increased from 106.5 nm prior to lyophilisation to 155.3 nm after reconstitution. The garlic oil content in SLN decreased to about 85% (respectively, 34.3 vs. 39.4 mg/mL prior to lyophilisation) due to volatility of garlic oil. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated that distribution and elimination of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS) in garlic oil were rapid. Additionally, elimination of garlic oil-SLN complex is faster than that of garlic oil alone, probably, due to phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS An SLN complex with garlic oil exhibits characteristics similar to those of parenteral emulsions, even after lyophilization and reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wencui
- The 208 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changchun, P.R. China.
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Abstract
It has been reported that inhibition of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a sirtuin family protein, can decrease cellular and tissue injuries in models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD); however, the mechanisms underlying these observations have remained unclear. Because inflammation plays key pathological roles in multiple major neurological disorders including PD and HD, in our current study we tested our hypothesis that SIRT2 plays an important role in microglial activation. We found that treatment of BV2 microglia with lipopolysaccharides led to significant increases in NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels, as well as increases in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 mRNA, which indicated microglial activation. These increases were significantly decreased in the cells with SIRT2 silencing-produced decreases in the SIRT2 level. These observations suggest that SIRT2 is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation. The findings also suggest that SIRT2 may be a therapeutic target for inhibiting the inflammatory responses in neurological disorders such as PD and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Chen
- aMed-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering bDepartment of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital cDepartment of Neurology, Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang C, Zhang J, Zhang M, Chen H, Ying W. Aralar plays a significant role in maintaining the survival and mitochondrial membrane potential of BV2 microglia. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2015; 7:107-114. [PMID: 26330901 PMCID: PMC4550213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
NADH shuttles mediate the transfer of the reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH into mitochondria. Increasing evidence has suggested that malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), one of the two types of NADH shuttles, plays important roles in certain biological processes. Aralar/AGC1, a Ca(2+)-dependent aspartate-glutamate carrier on mitochondrial membrane, is a component of MAS. It has been reported that Aralar plays crucial roles in linking increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations to enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism of neurons under certain conditions, while the role of the carrier in cell survival remains unknown. In the current study, we tested our hypothesis that Aralar plays an important role in cell survival, using BV2 microglia as a cellular model. Our study showed that Aralar siRNA-produced decrease in the Aralar level led to a significant reduction of the cell survival. Our FACS-based Annexin V/7-AAD assays also showed that the Aralar siRNA treatment led to a significant increase in apoptosis of the cells. Moreover, the Aralar siRNA treatment led to both mitochondrial depolarization and decreases in the intracellular ATP level of the cells. Collectively, our study has provided the first evidence suggesting that Aralar plays a significant role in cell survival, at least for such cell types as BV2 microglia, possibly by producing mitochondrial depolarization. These observations have also provided novel information for understanding the roles of NADH shuttles in cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P. R. China
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Heyu Chen
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P. R. China
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, P. R. China
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Chen H, Wang C, Wei X, Ding X, Ying W. Malate-Aspartate Shuttle Inhibitor Aminooxyacetate Acid Induces Apoptosis and Impairs Energy Metabolism of Both Resting Microglia and LPS-Activated Microglia. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1311-8. [PMID: 25998884 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NADH shuttles mediate the transfer of the reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH into mitochondria. Cumulating evidence has suggested that malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), one of the two types of NADH shuttles, plays significant roles in such biological processes as glutamate synthesis in neurons. However, there has been no information regarding the roles of NADH shuttle in the survival and energy metabolism of microglia. In current study, using microglial BV2 cells as a cellular model, we determined the roles of MAS in the survival and energy metabolism of microglia by using aminooxyacetate acid (AOAA)-a widely used MAS inhibitor. Our study has suggested that AOAA can effectively inhibit the MAS activity of the cells. We also found that AOAA can induce both early- and late-stage apoptosis of resting microglia and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-activated microglia. AOAA also induced mitochondrial depolarization, increases in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations, and decreases in the intracellular ATP levels. Moreover, our study has excluded the possibility that the major nonspecific effect of AOAA-inhibition of GABA transaminase-is involved in theses effects of AOAA. Collectively, our study has provided first information suggesting significant roles of MAS in the survival and energy metabolism in both resting microglia and LPS-activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Chen
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
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Zhang T, Liu T, Shao J, Sheng C, Hong Y, Ying W, Xia W. Antioxidant protects blood-testis barrier against synchrotron radiation X-ray-induced disruption. Spermatogenesis 2015; 5:e1009313. [PMID: 26413412 DOI: 10.1080/21565562.2015.1009313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray has wide biomedical applications including high resolution imaging and brain tumor therapy due to its special properties of high coherence, monochromaticity and high intensity. However, its interaction with biological tissues remains poorly understood. In this study, we used the rat testis as a model to investigate how SR X-ray would induce tissue responses, especially the blood-testis barrier (BTB) because BTB dynamics are critical for spermatogenesis. We irradiated the male gonad with increasing doses of SR X-ray and obtained the testicles 1, 10 and 20 d after the exposures. The testicle weight and seminiferous tubule diameter reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cryosections of testes were stained with tight junction (TJ) component proteins such as occludin, claudin-11, JAM-A and ZO-1. Morphologically, increasing doses of SR X-ray consistently induced developing germ cell sloughing from the seminiferous tubules, accompanied by shrinkage of the tubules. Interestingly, TJ constituent proteins appeared to be induced by the increasing doses of SR X-ray. Up to 20 d after SR X-ray irradiation, there also appeared to be time-dependent changes on the steady-state level of these protein exhibiting differential patterns at 20-day after exposure, with JAM-A/claudin-11 still being up-regulated whereas occludin/ZO-1 being down-regulated. More importantly, the BTB damage induced by 40 Gy of SR X-ray could be significantly attenuated by antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) at a dose of 125 mg/kg. Taken together, our studies characterized the changes of TJ component proteins after SR X-ray irradiation, illustrating the possible protective effects of antioxidant NAC to BTB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China ; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China ; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China ; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Caibin Sheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Hong
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center; Ren Ji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China ; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University ; Shanghai, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute Professor and Associate Dean School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China.
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35
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Hong Y, Nie H, Wei X, Fu S, Ying W. NAD+ treatment can prevent rotenone-induced increases in DNA damage, Bax levels and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in differentiated PC12 cells. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:837-42. [PMID: 25813492 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) plays critical roles in energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions, calcium homeostasis and immunological functions. Our previous studies have found that NAD(+) administration can profoundly decrease ischemic brain injury and traumatic brain injury. Our recent study has also provided first direct evidence indicating that NAD(+) treatment can decrease cellular apoptosis, while the mechanisms underlying this protective effect remain unclear. In our current study, we determined the effects of NAD(+) treatment on several major factors in apoptosis and necrosis, including levels of Bax and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), as well as levels of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and intracellular ATP in rotenone-treated differentiated PC12 cells. We found that NAD(+) treatment can markedly attenuate the rotenone-induced increases in the levels of Bax and nuclear translocation of AIF in the cells. We further found that NAD(+) treatment can significantly attenuate the rotenone-induced increase in the levels of DSBs and decrease in the intracellular ATP levels. Collectively, our study has suggested mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of NAD(+) on apoptosis, which has highlighted the therapeutic potential of NAD(+) for decreasing apoptotic changes in multiple major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Hong
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
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36
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Ying W, Ming R, Tao L. ASSA14-09-01 Ultrasound imaging of atrial appendages in normal fetuses. Heart 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307109.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ling S, Ruiqin M, Guohong Z, Ying W. Expression and prognostic significance of microRNA-451 in human epithelial ovarian cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2015; 36:463-468. [PMID: 26390704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA-451 has been proved to be downregulated in many human malignancies and correlated with tumor progression. However, its expression and clinical significance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of miR-451 in EOC tumorigenesis and development. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of miR-451 were quantified by qRT-PCR in 115 EOC and 34 normal ovarian tissues, and correlated with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. MTT, flow cytometric assay, and transwell invasion assay were used to test the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of SKOV-3 EOC cells transfected with miR-451 mimics or negative control (NC) RNA-oligonucleotides. RESULTS MiR-451 expression was significantly downregulated in EOC compared with normal ovarian tissues. Low level of miR-451 was associated with advanced FIGO stage (p = 0.005), higher serum CA125 expression level (p = 0.005), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified decreased miR-451 expression as an independent factor predicting poor prognosis for EOC patients. In addition, transfection of miR-451 mimics in SKOV-3 was able to reduce cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis, and inhibit cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS miR-451 may act not only as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker, but also as a potential target for molecular therapy of EOC.
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Chimmanamada D, Ying W, Zhang J, Proia D, Przewloka T, Jiang J, Vutukuri D, Lu G, Osman S, Chen S, Chu J, Rao P, Zhou D, Inoue T, Ogawa LS, Singh R, Tatsuta N, Sonderfan A, Cortis C. 260 Hsp90 Inhibitor Drug Conjugates (HDC): Payloads and possibilities. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nie H, Li Y, Wang C, Chen X, Liu B, Wu D, Ying W. SIRT2 plays a key role in both cell cycle regulation and cell survival of BV2 microglia. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2014; 6:166-171. [PMID: 25349639 PMCID: PMC4208737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of sirtuin protein family. Previous studies have suggested that SIRT2 plays differential roles in the survival and cell cycle regulation of various cell types. Because microglia plays critical roles in multiple major neurological disorders, in our current study we investigated the roles of SIRT2 in regulation of the cell cycle and cell survival of BV2 microglia by applying SIRT2 siRNA. We found that SIRT2 reductions by SIRT2 siRNA can produce cell cycle arrest of the cells at G0/G1 phase, by significantly increasing percentage of the cells in G0/G1 phase as well as decreasing percentage of the cells in S phase. The SIRT2 reductions can also increase late-stage apoptosis of the cells. We further found that SIRT2 silencing can lead to a decrease in the number of surviving BV2 cells, which may result from the effects of SIRT2 siRNA on both cell cycle and cell survival of the cells. Collectively, our study has suggested an important role of SIRT2 in regulating both the cell cycle and basal survival of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Yexin Li
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, PR China
- Microbiology Institute of ShanxiXi’an 710043, PR China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Third People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201999, PR China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, PR China
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Lu L, Tang LE, Wei W, Hong Y, Chen H, Ying W, Chen S. Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves energy activity and survival rate in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:943-950. [PMID: 25120628 PMCID: PMC4113526 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) repletion has been shown to provide marked neuroprotection from genotoxic agent-induced neuronal and astrocyte cell death. One of the key precursors of NAD+ is nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Therefore, it was hypothesized that NMN may attenuate apoptosis and improve energy metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD)-like behavioral and neuropathological changes, and produce significant beneficial effects. In this study, a cellular model of PD, using rotenone-treated PC12 cells, was established to test the hypothesis that NMN may decrease PD-like pathological changes. Experiments were carried out to investigate cell survival, including an intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Apoptotic and necrotic cell death, NAD+ levels and ATP levels were also evaluated. It was observed that NMN was able to significantly attenuate the rotenone-induced reduction in the survival rate of PC12 cells, as assessed by MTT and LDH assays. NMN treatment also significantly reduced the rotenone-induced apoptosis of the cells, as assessed by flow cytometry-based Annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D staining. Furthermore, NMN restored intracellular levels of NAD+ and ATP in the rotenone-treated cells, thus demonstrating the capacity of NMN to ameliorate mitochondrial inhibitor-induced impairments of energy metabolism. The present study indicates that NMN produces significant beneficial effects by attenuating apoptosis and improving energy metabolism in a cellular model of PD. These results suggest that NMN may become a promising therapeutic drug for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China ; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - LE Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China ; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wenshi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yunyi Hong
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Heyu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China ; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Wang C, Chen H, Zhang J, Hong Y, Ding X, Ying W. Malate-aspartate shuttle mediates the intracellular ATP levels, antioxidation capacity and survival of differentiated PC12 cells. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2014; 6:109-114. [PMID: 25057337 PMCID: PMC4106647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
NAD(+) and NADH play pivotal roles in numerous redox reactions in cells. While increasing evidence has indicated important roles of NAD(+) in cell survival and cellular functions, there has been distinct deficiency in the studies regarding the biological functions of NADH. NADH shuttles mediate the transfer of the reducing equivalents of the cytosolic NADH into mitochondria. Cumulating evidence has suggested that malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), one of the two types of NADH shuttles, plays significant roles in multiple biological processes such as glutamate synthesis in neurons. Because there has been no information regarding the roles of NADH shuttle in the energy metabolism, antioxidation capacity, and survival of any type of neural cells, in this study we used differentiated PC12 cells as a cellular model to investigate the roles of MAS in the energy metabolism, antioxidation capacity and survival of cells. We found that MAS inhibition led to a significant decrease in the levels of GSH - a major antioxidation molecule in cells, suggesting an important role of MAS in maintaining the antioxidation capacity of cells. Our study has also suggested that MAS could play critical roles in maintaining the intracellular ATP levels of the cells. Moreover, MAS inhibition was shown to significantly decrease the survival of differentiated PC12 cells. Collectively, our study has provided first evidence suggesting important roles of NADH shuttles in maintaining antioxidation capacity of cells. Our study has also suggested important roles of MAS in maintaining the intracellular ATP levels and survival of differentiated PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Heyu Chen
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yunyi Hong
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200030, P.R. China
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Ma Y, Wu D, Ding X, Ying W. CD38 plays key roles in both antioxidation and cell survival of H2O2-treated primary rodent astrocytes. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2014; 6:102-108. [PMID: 25057336 PMCID: PMC4106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CD38 is an ecto-enzyme that consumes NAD(+) to produce cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) --- a potent agonist of ryanodine receptors. Recent studies have suggested CD38 may play significant roles in both ischemic brain injury and traumatic brain injury, while the mechanisms underlying the roles of CD38 in neurological diseases remain unclear. Because oxidative stress plays key roles in both ischemic brain damage and traumatic brain damage, in this study we used primary astrocyte cultures as a experimental model to test our hypothesis that CD38 may play significant roles in oxidative stress-induced neural cell death. We found CD38 siRNA-produced decrease in CD38 levels can lead to a significant increase in H2O2-induced astrocyte death. Moreover, the CD38 siRNA treatment can significantly aggravate oxidative stress in the H2O2-treated cells, as indicated by increases in both superoxide and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that CD38 is required for maintaining the antioxidation capacity of the cells. We also found that H2O2 can induce increased CD38 expression. Collectively, our study has obtained novel findings suggesting that CD38 plays a significant role in both antioxidation and cell survival of reactive oxygen species-exposed primary astrocytes, suggesting that CD38 may become a novel target for decreasing the oxidative damage in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Ma
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Third People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030, P.R. China
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200030, P.R. China
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Sheng C, Chen H, Wang B, Wang C, Lin L, Li Y, Ying W. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation mediates synchrotron radiation X-ray-induced damage of rodent testes by exacerbating DNA damage and apoptotic changes. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:580-6. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.908263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ma Y, Cao W, Wang L, Jiang J, Nie H, Wang B, Wei X, Ying W. Basal CD38/cyclic ADP-ribose-dependent signaling mediates ATP release and survival of microglia by modulating connexin 43 hemichannels. Glia 2014; 62:943-55. [PMID: 24578339 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying ATP release from neural cells, because extracellular ATP plays multiple important biological roles in the brain. CD38 is an ectoenzyme that consumes NAD(+) to produce cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a potent agonist of ryanodine receptors. Our previous study showed that CD38 reductions led to microglial apoptosis. In this study, we used both murine microglial BV2 cells and primary microglial cultures as cellular models to test our hypothesis that basal CD38/cyclic ADP-ribose (CD38/cADPR)-dependent signaling plays a key role in ATP release, which mediates basal survival of microglia. We found that inhibition of CD38/cADPR-dependent signaling by CD38 silencing or 8-Bromo-cADPR, a ryanodine receptor antagonist, produced significant ATP release from BV2 microglia. Cx43 small interfering RNA and Cx43 hemichannel blocker 18-α-glycyrrhetinic acid completely prevented the CD38 silencing or 8-Bromo-cADPR-induced ATP release. Prevention of the ATP release could also be due to P2X7 receptor antagonists. Our study has further suggested a key role of ATP release in the microglial apoptosis induced by decreased CD38/cADPR-dependent signaling. In addition, by using primary microglial cultures, we found that 8-Bromo-cADPR also induced significant ATP release, which could be attenuated by 18-α-glycyrrhetinic acid. 8-Bromo-cADPR was also found to induce death of primary microglial cultures. In conclusion, our results have suggested novel roles of basal activation of CD38/cADPR-dependent signaling in mediating microglial functions and survival: It mediates ATP release from microglia by modulating Cx43 hemichannels, which can significantly affect microglial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Ma
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
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Wang B, Ma Y, Kong X, Ding X, Gu H, Chu T, Ying W. NAD(+) administration decreases doxorubicin-induced liver damage of mice by enhancing antioxidation capacity and decreasing DNA damage. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 212:65-71. [PMID: 24491677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the major obstacles for cancer treatment is the toxic side effects of anti-cancer drugs. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used anti-cancer drugs, which produces significant toxic side effects on the heart and such organs as the liver. Because NAD(+) can decrease cellular or tissue damage under multiple conditions, we hypothesized that NAD(+) administration may decrease DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study we tested this hypothesis by using a mouse model, showing that NAD(+) administration can significantly attenuate DOX-induced increase in serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity and decrease in liver weight. The NAD(+) administration also attenuated the DOX-induced increases in the levels of double-strand DNA (dsDNA) damage, TUNEL signals, and active caspase-3. Furthermore, our data has suggested that the NAD(+) administration could produce protective effects at least partially by restoring the antioxidation capacity of the liver, because NAD(+) administration can attenuate the decreases in both the GSH levels and the glutathione reductase activity of the DOX-treated liver, which could play a significant role in the DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. This finding has provided the first evidence indicating that NAD(+) is capable of increasing the antioxidation capacity of tissues. Collectively, our study has found that NAD(+) can significantly decrease DOX-induced liver damage at least partially by enhancing antioxidation capacity and decreasing dsDNA damage. Because it can also selectively decrease tumor cell survival, NAD(+) may have significant merits over antioxidants for applying jointly with DOX to decrease the toxic side effects of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Wang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Yingxin Ma
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Respiratory Department, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
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Sun J, Ying W, Liu D, Hui X, Yu Y, Wang J, Wang X. Clinical and genetic features of 5 Chinese patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2014; 78:463-7. [PMID: 23944711 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the clinical and genetic features of Chinese patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP). Male patients with fulminant infectious mononucleosis (FIM), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or persistent EBV viremia were enrolled in this study. Direct sequencing was used to detect SH2D1A/XIAP gene mutations. The patients' clinical features were assessed by retrieval of data from medical records. Twenty-one male patients with FIM, EBV-associated HLH or persistent EBV viremia were evaluated. Four patients had SH2D1A mutations, and one patient had an XIAP mutation. All five of these patients had symptoms of HLH and EBV infection. Among the five patients, the youngest one was only 1 month old at onset. One patient exhibited hypogammaglobulinemia. Of four patients evaluated for immunological function, all exhibited reduced CD4/CD8 ratios. Three patients had rapid disease progression and died. One patient received haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is well. The overall clinical phenotypes of Chinese patients with XLP matched previous reports. For patients with severe EBV-associated HLH, our results indicate the need to examine the possibility of XLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ying W. Roles of NAD (+) , PARP-1, and Sirtuins in Cell Death, Ischemic Brain Injury, and Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray-Induced Tissue Injury. Scientifica (Cairo) 2013; 2013:691251. [PMID: 24386592 PMCID: PMC3872437 DOI: 10.1155/2013/691251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
NAD(+) plays crucial roles in a variety of biological processes including energy metabolism, aging, and calcium homeostasis. Multiple studies have also shown that NAD(+) administration can profoundly decrease oxidative cell death and ischemic brain injury. A number of recent studies have further indicated that NAD(+) administration can decrease ischemic brain damage, traumatic brain damage and synchrotron radiation X-ray-induced tissue injury by such mechanisms as inhibiting inflammation, decreasing autophagy, and reducing DNA damage. Our latest study that applies nano-particles as a NAD(+) carrier has also provided first direct evidence demonstrating a key role of NAD(+) depletion in oxidative stress-induced ATP depletion. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and sirtuins are key NAD(+)-consuming enzymes that mediate multiple biological processes. Recent studies have provided new information regarding PARP-1 and sirtuins in cell death, ischemic brain damage and synchrotron radiation X-ray-induced tissue damage. These findings have collectively supported the hypothesis that NAD(+) metabolism, PARP-1 and sirtuins play fundamental roles in oxidative stress-induced cell death, ischemic brain injury, and radiation injury. The findings have also supported "the Central Regulatory Network Hypothesis", which proposes that a fundamental network that consists of ATP, NAD(+) and Ca(2+) as its key components is the essential network regulating various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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48
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Hong Y, Nie H, Wu D, Wei X, Ding X, Ying W. NAD(+) treatment prevents rotenone-induced apoptosis and necrosis of differentiated PC12 cells. Neurosci Lett 2013; 560:46-50. [PMID: 24304867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) plays critical roles in not only energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions, but also calcium homeostasis and immunological functions. It has been reported that NAD(+) administration can reduce ischemic brain damage. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects remain unclear. Because mitochondrial impairments play a key role in the cell death in cerebral ischemia, in this study we tested our hypothesis that NAD(+) can decrease mitochondrial damage-induced cell death using differentiated PC12 cells as a cellular model. We found that NAD(+) can decrease both early-stage and late-stage apoptosis, as well as necrosis of rotenone-treated PC12 cells, as assessed by FACS-based Annexin V/AAD assay. We also found that NAD(+) treatment can restore the intracellular NAD(+) levels of the rotenone-treated cells. Moreover, NAD(+) treatment can prevent rotenone-induced mitochondria depolarization. In summary, our study has provided first direct evidence that NAD(+) treatment can prevent rotenone-induced apoptosis and necrosis. Our study has also indicated that NAD(+) treatment can prevent mitochondrial damage-induced cell death, which may at least partially result from its protective effects on rotenone-induced mitochondrial depolarization. Because both mitochondrial damage and apoptosis play key roles in multiple neurological disorders, our study has highlighted the therapeutic potential of NAD(+) for brain ischemia and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Hong
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Hui Nie
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Third People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, PR China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China; Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Sawaki H, An HJ, Campbell M, Cao Q, Cummings R, Hsu DK, Kato M, Kawasaki T, Khoo KH, Kim J, Kolarich D, Li X, Liu M, Matsubara M, Okuda S, Packer NH, Ranzinger R, Shen H, Shikanai T, Shinmachi D, Toukach P, Yamada I, Yamaguchi Y, Yang P, Ying W, Yoo JS, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Narimatsu H. The Fifth ACGG-DB Meeting Report: Towards an International Glycan Structure Repository. Glycobiology 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Ma Y, Wang C, Zhou Y, Gu H, Ying W. NAD⁺-carrying mesoporous silica nanoparticles can prevent oxidative stress-induced energy failures of both rodent astrocytes and PC12 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74100. [PMID: 24040179 PMCID: PMC3767595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To test the hypothesis that NAD+-carrying mesoporous silica nanoparticles (M-MSNs@NAD+) can effectively deliver NAD+ into cells to produce cytoprotective effects. Methods & Materials NAD+ was incorporated into M-MSNs. Primary rat astrocyte cultures and PC12 cells were treated with H2O2, followed by post-treatment with M-MSNs@NAD+. After various durations of the post-treatment, intracellular NAD+ levels, intracellular ATP levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were determined. Results & Discussion M-MSNs can be effectively loaded with NAD+. The M-MSNs@NAD+ can significantly attenuate H2O2-induced NAD+ and ATP decreases in both astrocyte cultures and PC12 cells. M-MSNs@NAD+ can also partially prevent the H2O2-induced LDH release from both astrocyte cultures and PC12 cells. In contrast, the NAD+ that is spontaneously released from the M-MSNs@NAD+ is insufficient to prevent the H2O2-induced damage. Conclusions Our study has suggested the first approach that can effectively deliver NAD+ into cells, which provides an important basis both for elucidating the roles of intracellular NAD+ in biological functions and for therapeutic applications of NAD+. Our study has also provided the first direct evidence demonstrating a key role of NAD+ depletion in oxidative stress-induced ATP decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jixi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WY); (HG)
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WY); (HG)
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